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Objective: It has been reported that carnitine deficiency is observed in various viral infections and in the follow-up of the prognosis of some diseases. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to determine how carnitine ester derivatives change in HIV-positive patients. Material and Method: In this study, 25 HIV-infected patients who applied to Harran University Faculty of Medicine Education Research and Practice Hospital Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Outpatient Clinic and who did not receive any antiretroviral treatment, as well as 25 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Carnitine ester levels in serum samples were measured by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method (Shimadzu North America, Columbia, MD, USA). Results: While suberoylcarnitine (C8DC), myristoleylcarnitine (C14:1), tetradecadienoylcarnitine (C14:2), palmitoleylcarnitine (C16:1), and linoleylcarnitine (C18:2) levels in HIV(+) patients were quite low compared to the control group, tiglylcarnitine (C5:1) levels were high (p ≤ 0.05). In addition, C5:1 and C14:2 index parameters according to VIP score, and C5:1 and C14:1/C16 index parameters according to ROC analysis were determined as markers with high potential to distinguish HIV(+) patients from healthy volunteers. Conclusion: This study showed that levels of acylcarnitine derivatives might be altered in HIV(+) patients, and the results obtained may contribute to a better understanding of carnitine metabolism.

Aim: The aim was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the corrected calcium formulas in the diagnosis of hypocalcemia. Materials and Methods: Corrected calcium levels were calculated using the Modified Orrell, Orrell, Payne, Berry and James methods. Individuals were divided into groups according to albumin levels. In each of the hypoalbuminemia and normoalbuminemia groups, diagnostic performance values of measured serum total calcium, and corrected total calcium concentration in the diagnosis of hypocalcemia was calculated. The hypocalcemia was diagnosed by free calcium levels Results: 46.3% of the results were in the hypoalbuminemia group and 53.7% in the normoalbuminemia group. The test with the highest sensitivity in the hypoalbuminemia group was the measured total calcium test (80.3%). Sensitivity was

Amaç: Kırım Kongo Kanamalı Ateşi (KKKA), sıklıkla kene tutunması ile bulaşan, ateş, myalji ve kanamalar ile seyreden zoonotik bir hastalık olup önemli halk sağlığı sorunlarına yol açabilmektedir. Klinik belirtiler ve epidemiyolojik öykü yanında, kan sayımı ve biyokimyasal test sonuçları KKKA için ilk ipuçlarını oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada hastanemizde KKKA tanısı ile takip ve tedavi edilen 13 olgunun retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Materyal ve Metot: Kliniğimizde 2019-2022 yılları arasında KKKA tanısı ile takip ve tedavi edilen olgular, demografik özellikleri, başvuru yakınmaları, kene ile temas öyküsünün varlığı, laboratuvar parametreleri, kan ürünleri replasmanı gerekliliği, hastanede yatış süreleri, ribavirin tedavisi ve olguların sağ kalımları açısından retrospektif olarak hasta dosyalarındaki verilerden incelenmiştir. Bulgular: Kırım Kongo Kanamalı Ateşi tanısı ile 13 olgu [dört kadın, dokuz erkek, ortalama yaş 48,4±16.3 (min: 19-max: 67)] çalışmaya dahil edildi. Olguların başvuru yakınmaları ateş yüksekliği %100, halsizlik %84,6 ve bulantı-kusma %7,7 idi. Sekiz olguda (%61.5) kene temas öyküsü bulunurken beş olguda yoktu. Olguların hepsine destek tedavileri uygulandı, tamamı damlacık ve temas izolasyonu uygulanarak izlendi. Kan ürünleri replasmanı dört olguya (%30.7), ribavirin tedavisi on olguya (%76.9) uygulandı. Takip ettiğimiz olgulardan mortal seyreden olmadı. Sonuç: İlkbahar ve yaz aylarında ateş yüksekliği ile başvuran, hemogramda sitopenisi olan hastalarda kene teması sorgulanmalı ve gerekirse ileri tetkikler yapılmalıdır.

Objective: This study investigated effects of zaprinast and avanafil on angiogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), bone morphogenic protein (BMP) 2, 4 and 7. Methods: Female rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6). Sham; abdomen was approximately 2 cm opened and closed. Ovariectomised (OVX); abdomen was opened 2 cm and the ovaries were cut. OVX + zaprinast and OVX + avanafil groups; after the same procedure with OVX, 10 mg/kg zaprinast and avanafil were orally administered for 2 month, respectively. Angiogenesis and the levels of VEGF, BMP2, 4 and 7 were determined. Results: VEGF, BMP2, 4 and 7 levels in OVX + zaprinast and especially OVX + avanafil groups were higher than the sham and OVX (p < .05). However, only VEGF and BMP2 levels in OVX + zaprinast group were significant according to sham (p < .05). Also, angiogenesis in OVX + zaprinast and OVX + avanafil groups was dominant according to sham and OVX (p < .05). Conclusions: Zaprinast and avanafil induced BMP2, 4 and 7 levels synergistically with increased VEGF and angiogenesis in renal tissue.

Background Urine amino acid analysis is used for the assessment of various diseases. The aim of this study was to estimate the valid biological variation (BV) components (within- and between-subjects) required for the safe clinical application of free urine amino acids. Methods First morning void urine samples were taken from 12 healthy subjects (five females, seven males) once a week for 10 consecutive weeks, and amino acid analysis was performed using an Agilent 6470 triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer instrument. The obtained data were subjected to normality, outlier and variance homogeneity analyses prior to coefficient of variation (CV) analysis. Within- and between-subject BV values (CVI and CVG) of 39 amino acids were determined for all subjects. In addition, the index of individuality (II), reference change value (RCV), imprecision, bias and total error were estimated using BV data obtained from our study. Results The CVI values ranged from 8.9 (histidine) to 36.8% (trans-4-hydroxyprolin), while the CVG values ranged from 25.0 (1-methyl-L-histidine) to 63.3% (phenylalanine). The II value of most amino acids was less than 0.6 and ranged between 0.21 and 0.88. The imprecision, bias and total error ranged between 4.45 and 16.6, between 7.69 and 16.6, and between 18.4 and 43.2, respectively. Conclusions This study, designed according to a rigorous protocol, has the feature of being the first to give information about BV data of urine amino acids. We believe that the reference intervals have a limitation in the evaluation of consecutive results from an individual, so the use of RCV would be more appropriate.

Studies reported that phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE-5Is) positively contributed to bone-mineral-density and thickness in rats with ovariectomy, which have the same condition with postmenapozal period. To explain the positive contribution mechanism on bone mineral density of PDE-5Is, we investigated the effect of zaprinast and avanafil on levels of some pro -or anti-resorptive cytokines in ovariectomized-rats. Albino female rats (8 months and 250-350 g) were used and four groups of equal-number were randomly assigned (n=6). Groups; was the sahm operated, positive control (OVX), Zaprinast and OVX, Avanafil and OVX groups, respectively. The levels of Estrogen, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α were measured by ELISA kits, in liver of rats. IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α levels were high in groups with OVX compared to sham group, while IL-10 levels were low. Also, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α levels were low in zaprinast and especially avanafil-treated groups with OVX and were similar to the sahm group values (p=0.001 for IL-1β, p=0.045 for IL-6, p=0.008 for IL-8, p=0.006 for IL-10, p=0.026 for TNF-α). Zaprinast and especially avanafil inhibited IL-1β, 8 and TNF-α and increased the IL-10 levels compared to the OVX group. This may support opinion that PDE-5Is enhance bone mineralization by inhibiting proresorptive cytokines.

Objective: This study investigated effect of zaprinast and avanafil on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), bone morphogenic protein (BMP) 4 and 7, and vitamin D-3 levels against the negative effect of dexamethazone. Method: Rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6). Control: Empty a syringe was immersed and removed subcutaneously. Dexamethasone (DEX): 120 mu g/kg DEX was injected subcutaneously once a day for 28 days. DEX + zaprinast and DEX + avanafil groups: 10 mg/kg zaprinast and avanafil were administrated to rats in addition to the same procedure in the DEX, respectively. VitaminD(3), VEGF, BMP4 and 7 levels by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and angiogenesis by histopathological/immunohistochemical were evaluated. Results: BMP4 values in the DEX were lower than the other groups (p < .05). DEX + zaprinast and DEX + avanafil exhibited an increase in all the parameters compared to the control and DEX (p < .05). However, these were not significant for the DEX + zaprinast (p > .05). Also, there was a significant increase in angiogenesis in the DEX + zaprinast and DEX + avanafil. Conclusion: Zaprinast and significantly avanafil induced vitamin D-3, BMP4 and 7 levels by increasing angiogenesis in renal.