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Ganoderma lucidum has had great importance in healthcare in the Chinese for many decades. Polysaccharides and triterpenoids are one of the most important components of G. lucidum. Biological evidence indicates that this mushroom can be a promising treatment in many cancer cases and reduce the toxic effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy if taken synchronously. This study highlights preparing an extract with therapeutic effects capable of removing free radicals and protecting cell membranes from hyperoxidation effects. The antitumor effect was evaluated on two types of cancer cell lines in vitro, Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HOSCC) and Human Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HSSCC), at different concentrations 0.0-1600 µg/mL. Antioxidant by DPPH assay was assessed at concentrations from 0.0-500 µg/mL, in addition to their effects on cytogenetic indicators such as mitotic index (MI), blastogenic index (BI) and total chromosomal aberration (TCAs) for three types of extracts (ethanol extract, water extract and acidified water extract). The results recorded an increase in the antioxidant activity of the three extracts, and that the acidified water extract had the highest effect, reaching a killing rate of 78.53% for the acidified water extract on the HOSCC cell line. Chromosomal stability indicates that the three extracts enhanced the cytogenetics parameters and supported chromosomal stability by increasing both mitotic index (MI) and blastogenic index (BI), while reducing chromosomal aberrations.

Purpose: To assess the antioxidant and antineoplastic effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. on oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Materials and Methods: Human squamous cell carcinoma HSCC cells were tested for cytotoxicity by a methanol extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa (MEHSP). After 24, 48, and 72 h, the MTT assay and Trypan blue exclusion test were used to determine cell survival and death. 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), DNA Protection Assay (DPA), and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAPA) measured the antioxidant activity of MEHSP. Results: The antioxidant activity (%) ranged from 47.92-82.24 in the DPPH test, 11.61-73.65 in the DPA, and 4.97-52.09 in the FRAPA. The HSCC in-vitro cytotoxicity assay showed dose- and time-dependent cell viability. MEHSP at 5 μg/ml inhibited viable cells, while increasing MEHSP doses decreased cell viability. The Trypan blue exclusion test showed that MEHSP significantly reduced cell viability at 24, 48, and 72 h. Conclusion:Hibiscus sabdariffa contains antioxidant and HSCC-cytotoxic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were synthesised with laser ablation of a copper sheet immersed in deionized water (DW), cetrimonium bromide (CTAB), and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), respectively. The target was irradiated with a pulsed Nd: YAG laser at 1064 nm, 600 mJ, a pulse duration of 10 ns, and a repetition rate of 5 Hz. The CuO NPs colloidal were analyzed using UV-Vis spectroscopy, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, zeta potential (ZP), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The absorption spectra of CuO NPs colloidal showed peaks at 214, 215 and 220 nm and low-intensity peaks at 645, 650 and 680 nm for SDS, CTAB and DW, respectively. CuO NPs' colloidal results are (-21.6, 1.2, and 80 mV) for negatively, neutrally, and positively charged SDS, DW, and CTAB, respectively. The XRD pattern of the NPs revealed the presence of CuO phase planes (110) (111), (20-2) and (11-1). The TEM images revealed nearly spherical NPs, with sizes ranging from 10-90, 10-50, and 10-210 nm for CuO NPs mixed with DW, SDS and CTAB, respectively. FESEM images of all the synthesized samples illustrate the formation of spherical nanostructure and large particles are observable. The CuO NPs were tested for antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans by using the well diffusion method. In this method, CuO NPs prepared in DW at a concentration of 200 µg/mL showed a greater inhibition zone against Streptococcus mutans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the quantitative real-time RT-PCR (QRT-PCR) technique as a diagnostic tool for molecular surveillance of the BCR-ABL duplicate in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) using both peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) samples. Methods: Prospective analysis has been conducted a by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (QRT-PCR) for both PB and BM specimens, from 25 patients with untreated CML. QRT-PCR investigation was carried out previous and during treatment with Imatinib for untreated CML. Statistical examinations showed useful agreement of PB and BM pre- treatment specimens. Nevertheless, using the SPSS statistical method that estimates the agreement between PB and BM data. Results: This study showed low correspond of BCR-ABL measurements in PB and BM for specimens acquired through treatment. PB values tended to be lower than the conformable BM values [average difference = -0.37 (P < 0.001) in 36 coupled samples] and the 95% limits of agreement ranged from -1.23 to 0.48. Nevertheless, the present study showed that BM and PB QRT-PCR values followed a similar direction during treatment (Spearman correlation coefficient, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.70, 0.96). Conclusion: Our findings imply that PB and BM measures of BCR-ABL are frequently quantitatively different. The most accurate way to determine whether there is minimal residual disease is through BM sampling because BM results tend to be greater than PB values (MRD). Based on these findings, we advise avoiding switching BM and PB sampling for MRD monitoring during CML treatment because doing so could result in incorrect interpretation of treatment outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study was conducted to investigate the histopathological and toxic effects of Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs), which were synthesized by using Q-switched pulsed Nd: YAG laser ablation. CuONPs were synthesized by using Qswitched pulsed Nd: YAG laser ablation of a pure copper sheet submerged in aqueous media, their toxicity was studied on the albino mice Mus musculus by oral administration for twenty male albino mice that divided into four groups (5 male per cage). Four different doses of CuONPs (0, 25, 50 and 100) mg\kg were used. The animals were given the CuONPs once a day for one week, while the control group exposed to Distilled Water (DW). The acute toxicity was investigated by Histopathological changes for both liver and kidney of exposed animals beside genotoxic effects by investigation bone marrow cells' mitotic index (MI) and total chromosomal aberration (TCA). From findings the histological analyses refer to real histopath in liver in all doses, hepatocytes rupture, and dilated blood sinusoids in high dose (100) mg/kg accumulation of chronic inflammatory cells were noticed, while kidney tissue suffered from renal capsule damage, enlargement in glomerulus, loses in urinary space associated with cytoplasmic vacuolization. Cytogenetic parameters affected by this treated by a reduction in proliferative bone marrow index and elevation total chromosomal abnormalities. CuONPs not completely safe and has toxicity on internal organs of exposed mice also cytogenetic parameters showed significant cytotoxic effects on bone marrow cells of mice by reduction of Mitotic index (MI), and induced structural chromosomal changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a disorder in myeloproliferative pluripotent hematopoietic primogenitor cells distinguished by huge reproduction of myeloid cells. CML cytogenetic distinguished by reciprocal translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 9 and 22 - to produce hallmark Philadelphia chromosome. Objective: The main goal of the current study was to identify the secondary chromosomal aberrations associated with the CML in Iraqi patients have positive Ph- chromosome using Imatinib theraby, at different phases of the disease. Patients and Methods: Practical part of this study was conducted from April/2018 to October/ 2019 in the Al-Kadumyha Teaching Hospital and Tissue Culture and Immunochemistry Lab/ University of Technology, for = 18 years age for 75 CML eligible patients. Karyotypes of Philadelphia chromosome-positive bone marrow samples were examined for CML patients which were used Imatinib every twelve weeks. Secondary chromosomal abnormalities associated with development of disease were detected and calculated. Results: The average age of patients was 42± 8.7 years, while male to female ratio was (1.7:1), males number were 48 with percentage about 64%, while females number were 27 with percentage 36%, only 89.3% of CML patients showed a typical shape of Ph- chromosome, t(9: 22)(q34:q11.2), while 27 of 75 showed real cytogenetic response to Imatinib therapy. Conclusion: CML patients with high secondary chromosomal aberrations revealed low cytogenetic and molecular response to imatinib therapy, especially in blast phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION Tobacco products contain heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that can be released during burning. The aim of this study was to measure the concentrations in tobacco of the heavy metals: Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Chrome (Cr), and Zinc (Zn); and the amount polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in tobacco and tobacco product emissions using Cambridge filter pads under U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) standard conditions. METHODS In the present analytical study, samples of 25 tobacco brands of different origin were analyzed to determine both heavy metal concentrations utilizing flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons amounts using gas chromatography (GC). RESULTS The average concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cr and Zn s were 4.56, 0.39, 3.31 and 1.36 µg/g, respectively. The amount of PAHs in cigarette emissions ranged from 474.17 ng/cigarette to 1060.87 ng/cigarette for tobacco brands labelled C13 and C2, respectively. The order in amount of the PAHs in the smoke of the study tobacco brands was: nap > flu > acpy > phn > fln > pyr > acp > ant > chr > bap > bbf (full names listed in main text). CONCLUSIONS Tobacco and tobacco product emissions contain significant concentrations of heavy metals and PAHs amounts, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]