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Background: The increasing burden of preventable cancers among women in low-middle income countries call for urgent development of constructive health strategies. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of health education on knowledge, attitude and practices of reproductive age women about preventable cancers in two peri-urban communities of Lahore. Material and Methods: The study was a Randomized field trial and the data was collected from women of reproductive age from areas of Lahore Shadewal (SC) and Satokatla (SI). SC stands for control group and SI for interventional group. Number of participants was 235 in each group. A validated questionnaire was administered to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practices for prevention of reproductive cancers from both groups. Then during next visit to intervention group, a health education program in form of group discussion, role play and demonstration related to preventable cancers was arranged. After 2 weeks of previous visit, questionnaires were again filled. Same questionnaire was filled by the comparison group without giving any intervention. Results: Before intervention mean total score for knowledge was 4.24 ± 2.30 in SC group and 4.68 ± 2.99 in SI group. After educating, mean total score of SC group the score came out to be 5.91 ± 3.014 whereas in SI group it was improved to 20.57 ± 2.755. The mean change in total score of knowledge of SC group was 1.67 ± 2.62 and 15.89 ± 3.35 in SI group. The mean change was found to be highly significant in SI group when compared with SC group, (p0.05). Conclutions: The study highlighted the need for educational programs to create awareness regarding regular screening of gynecological preventable cancers. Keywords: Females, Reproductive Age, Health education, Awareness, Cancers.

To understand the effectual role of COVID-19 vaccination, we must analyze its effectiveness in dampening the disease severity and death outcome in patients who acquire infection and require hospitalization. The goal of this study was to see if there was an association between disease progression in admitted COVID-19 patients and their prior vaccination exposure. A prospective cohort study based on 1640 admitted COVID-19 patients were carried between June 2021 and October 2021. Depending on vaccination exposure they were divided into vaccinated (exposed) and unvaccinated (unexposed) groups, excluding partially vaccinated patients. Disease severity was assessed at admission on severity index scale. Disease progression to mortality or need of mechanical ventilation and survival were taken as outcome. Absolute difference with 95%CI and Risk Ratio were calculated using cross tabulation, Chi square test and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Among 1514 total analyzed cohort (median age, 53 years [IQR, 17,106]; 43.7% from 46 to 65 years of age group, 56.2% males,33.4% with no comorbid factor for disease progression) 369(24.4%) were vaccinated breakthrough cases and 1145(75.6%) were unvaccinated controls. 556(36.7%) progressed to death or mechanical ventilation, 958(63.3%) patients survived and were discharged home. Disease progression to death or mechanical ventilation was significantly associated with decreased likelihood of vaccination (24.9% among vaccinated breakthrough vs 40.5% unvaccinated controls, [Absolute difference -15.6% 95%CI (-10.2% to -20.6%); RR 0.615 95%CI (0.509, 0.744); p .001]). This association was stronger for old age population and for increase time span between second dose of vaccine and onset of symptoms. There was no statistically significant difference among different types of vaccination and occurrence of outcome when compared to unvaccinated controls (RR 0.607(0.482, 0.763); 0.673(0.339, 1.33) and 0.623(0.441, 0.881) for Inactivated virus vaccine, mRNA and Adenovirus vector-based vaccine respectively. The patients who were fully vaccinated against SARS-COV-2 die or shift to mechanical ventilation less frequently than unvaccinated COVID-19 admitted patients.

• Disorders of sexual development (DSD) encompass a group of congenital conditions associated with atypical development of internal and external genital structures• The update of the recommendation of the Chicago Consensus Meeting was released in 2016, which stated that one major aim in the treatment of people with DSD should be to reach the best possible quality of life (QOL) for every-body. • The Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as "A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being not merely the absence of disease“.AIM OF THE WORKGeneral objective:To assess the impact of Disorder of Sex Development on the life of the affected children and their parent(s). Specific objectives:1. To assess and compare the quality of life among children with DSD and their age and sex matched control.2. To assess and compare the quality of life and family impact among the DSD children with 46,XX with those with 46,XY. 3. To study the possible factors affecting the quality of life and family impact among children with DSD and their parents.

Abdominal pregnancy is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy. A high index of suspicion enables early diagnosis and prompt management. Ultrasound is a gold standard tool for diagnosis and Magnetic Resonance imaging has a limited role. Appropriate management of the condition is important to avoid grave maternal morbidity.