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The aim of this study was to determine the level of validity, practicality and effectiveness of student worksheets on reflective thinking for fifth-grade elementary school students on the Solid Figure subject. This research is development research by applying a 4-D development model with 4 stages, namely define, design, develop and dissemination. The design stage of this student worksheet consists of three parts, namely (1) the introduction consists of a list of competency objectives which contains core competencies, basic competencies, indicators and learning objectives, (2) the core part consists of a description of the material which contains introductory material for studying geometric concepts in each learning activity with a problem solving approach based on reflective thinking, (3) the closing section which contains a collection of practice questions that train students' reflective thinking skills. The instruments were used to collect data with validation sheets, questionnaires and tests of reflective thinking skills in solving mathematics problems involving 105 students of fifth grade, 3 teachers and 3 experts in learning mathematics for elementary students. The data were then analyzed using a quantitative descriptive approach. The results of expert validation of both material aspects, constructs and language aspects fulfill the valid aspects. While data related to responses from students and teachers describe student worksheets fulfilling practical aspects. The results of observations regarding the activities of students and teachers in the learning process using student worksheet of reflective thinking describe a very active learning process. The results of data analysis related to students' reflective thinking skills showed that there was an increase in students' reflective thinking skills with an n-gain index of 0.62 which was in the medium category. This indicates that the student worksheet on reflective thinking (SWRT) is effective in improving students' reflective thinking skills. Received: 8 December 2022 / Accepted: 28 February 2023 / Published: 5 March 2023

In this paper, the aim has been to describe the Young Eagles in Norrbotten and the organization during the period 1955-1970. It was a knowledge on research on Young Eagles in Norrbotten in the previous research There is research on Young Eagles around outdoor life and citizenship. There is also research on the Workers' Education Association and IOGT, which were other organizations related to the Young Eagle's National Association. Through my addition to writing about Young Eagles in Norrbotten, the picture of the Young Eagles National Association's activities is widening. The questions were How was the organization of Young Eagles in Norrbotten 1955-1970? and What was the main purpose of their organization? There was a district board and local departments that were part of the Young Eagles National Association which stood for the values ​​of democracy solidarity and cooperation. The organization was conducted through activities of various kinds. These were summer camps, activities for teens, study circles, leadership education outdoor courses and courses for the board in the departments. The first main purpose of the Young Eagles in Norrbotten from 1955 to 1970 was to attract teens to the activities within the district and to the local associations through forum groups and study circles. The other main purpose was to educate young people into the ideas and values ​​of the Young Eagles National Association through leadership training and activities of various kinds. The third main purpose was to encourage leaders in the Young Eagles in Norrbotten. The source material has been handled with a qualitative text analysis aimed at idea and ideology analysis. I denna uppsats har syftet varit att beskriva Unga Örnar i Norrbottens verksamhet under perioden 1955–1970. Det finns en kunskapslucka kring Unga Örnar i Norrbotten i den tidigare forskningen. Det finns forskning om Unga Örnar kring friluftsliv och medborgarskap. Det finns även forskning om Arbetarnas bildningsförbund och IOGT som var andra organisationer med koppling till Unga Örnars Riksförbund. Genom mitt bidrag att skriva om Unga Örnar i Norrbotten breddas bilden av Unga Örnars Riksförbunds verksamhet. Frågeställningarna var Hur bedrevs verksamheten inom Unga Örnar i Norrbotten 1955–1970? och Vad var huvudsyftet med deras verksamhet 1955–1970? Det fanns en distriktsstyrelse och lokalavdelningar som var en del av Unga Örnars Riksförbund som stod för värderingarna demokrati solidaritet och samarbete. Verksamheten bedrevs genom aktiviteter av olika slag. Dessa var sommarläger, tonårsinriktade aktiviteter, studiecirklar, ledarutbildningar, friluftskurser och kurser för styrelsearbete. Det första huvudsyftet med verksamheten 1955–1970 var att locka tonåringar till aktiviteterna inom distriktet och de lokala föreningarna genom forum grupper och studiecirklar. Det andra huvudsyftet var att fostra ungdomar in i Unga Örnars Riksförbunds idéer och värderingar genom ledarutbildningar och aktiviteter av olika slag. Det tredje huvudsyftet var att fostra ledare inom Unga Örnar i Norrbotten. Källmaterialet har hanterats med en kvalitativ textanalys inriktad mot idé och ideologianalys.

Zusammenfassung Zielsetzung Die in Internet-Patientenportalen genutzten Indikatoren für die Hygienequalität deutscher Krankenhäuser werden auf ihren Umsetzungsgrad und ihre Eignung als Vergleichsparameter untersucht. Methodik Mithilfe eines Onlinefragebogens wurde eine deutschlandweite Befragung gemäß der Zielsetzung durchgeführt. Die Datenanalyse erfolgte mithilfe statistischer Analyseverfahren größen-, träger- und berufsgruppenspezifisch. Ergebnisse Insbesondere rechtlich vorgeschriebene Maßnahmen wie Mitarbeiterschulungen und eine regelmäßig tagende Hygienekommission werden von nahezu allen Krankenhäusern umgesetzt. Unterschiede gibt es bei den „freiwilligen“ Maßnahmen wie der „Aktion Saubere Hände“. Diese werden speziell von den kleinen Häusern weniger häufig durchgeführt und auch in ihrer Eignung als Vergleichsparameter schlechter bewertet. Auffällig ist, dass eine Vielzahl der Maßnahmen durch das Hygienepersonal deutlich besser bewertet wird als durch die Geschäftsführung. Schlussfolgerung Eine vollständige Transparenz ist für den Patienten nicht gegeben. Er kann nicht genau erkennen, welche Maßnahmen gesetzlich vorgegeben und welche freiwillig sind, und kann dementsprechend die Bemühungen der einzelnen Krankenhäuser nicht richtig einschätzen. Eine Vergleichbarkeit ist nur teilweise gegeben.

This study investigated the insights and current debates on community engagement in higher education institutions with specific reference to the University of the Western Cape (UWC) in South Africa. The article argues that although community engagement seems to present some challenges, it has become an integral part of higher education in South Africa and beyond. The article examines community engagement in higher education institutions and evaluates its contributions based on the research question. The article evaluates community engagement from the perspective of the UWC, community, and students. Data were collected through semi-structured with key informants. In total, 12 participants participated in the interviews. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. The results of the study show that community engagement is dependent on institutions’ relationships built between particular communities, which are easily lost if the people involved change. The results also show that community engagement has become a requisite for promotion and policy development. However, it reveals that issues of Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) often take time affecting students and researchers. Moreover, the findings indicate that there is no standard procedure for community engagement as departments, individual lecturers, and students have unique and different interests.

This study presents results from stable isotope analyses of a modern stalagmite and three soda straw stalactites from Kapsia Cave, the Peloponnese, Greece. The resulting values from the stalagmite are put into context of local meteorological data, as well as previous research from Kapsia Cave. The potential for using soda straw stalactites as complementary climate archives on shorter time scales on the Peloponnese is also explored. The isotopic values in the stalagmite confirm a strong link to the amount effect on an annual scale. On a seasonal scale, variations in the isotopic signal can be detectedas a result of i.e. increased cave air temperature in summer. The stable isotope values in the soda straw stalactites largely correspond to previous isotopic measurements in Kapsia Cave. The trend of the isotopic carbon signal in two of the straws also strengthens earlier theories suggesting a link to CO2 concentrations in the external atmosphere. Soda straws are, thus, encouraged for use in future climate studies, although the sampling method should be further explored. The results of this study contribute to an increased understanding of Peloponnesian speleothems in relation to environmental processes and new insights are suggested into the use of soda straw stalactites as climate archives.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the main factor that influences the usage of internet banking in Malaysia. This study applies the concept of Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) in internet banking context. This research implements hierarchical regression for All the bank company should be alert in customer satisfaction for their system and not just focus for the profit. The framework will be useful for bank to improve their system to more systematic and efficient. data analysis. Data was collected from 210 students of public higher learning institution in Federal Territory of Labuan, Malaysia via convenience sampling technique. The result of this study give impacts towards the future research in technology acceptance. The empirical results will be useful for financial institution or bank in order to improve the internet banking system that they currently used.

The digital age has unleashed limitless opportunities and transformed how we work, play and live. As a result, more people embrace the digital nomad lifestyle to fulfill both personal and professional goals. This research assesses the advantages and disadvantages that are associated with this lifestyle. In addition, I examine the digital nomad characteristics in Bali and how the digital nomad community in Bali supports professional development. Data were collected during a two-month field study in Bali, which is one of the world’s most popular digital nomad hubs. The findings suggest that digital nomads are predominantly millennials from advanced economies who have different academic backgrounds. Freedom is the primary advantage, while overall job satisfaction and productivity dramatically differ. Overall, members of Bali’s digital nomad community feel supported in their professional development. “Spend your days on a nine to five You waste your time on a central line What do you love? Work two jobs tryin' stay alive You spend your money on a Friday night Tell me, what do you love?” – Jacob Banks Digitaliseringen har skapat oändligt många möjligheter och förändrat hur vi arbetar, umgås och lever i dagens samhälle. Det har resulterat i att allt fler provar på en livsstil som digital nomad för att uppnå både personliga och professionella mål. Den här uppsatsen analyserar fördelar och nackdelar som är förknippade med en livsstil som digital nomad. Dessutom undersöker jag vad som karaktäriserar digitala nomader på Bali och hur gemenskapen bland digitala nomader på Bali kan gynna professionell utveckling. Insamling av data skedde under en två månaders fältstudie på Bali, vilket är en av världens mest populära digital nomad hubbar. Resultatet visar att digitala nomader är främst millenials från i-länder med olika akademisk bakgrund. Frihet är den främsta fördelen, medan generell arbetstillfredsställelse och produktivitet varierar dramatiskt. Medlemmar av Balis digitala nomadgemenskap känner att de utvecklas professionellt. “Spend your days on a nine to five You waste your time on a central line What do you love? Work two jobs tryin' stay alive You spend your money on a Friday night Tell me, what do you love?” – Jacob Banks

Ambulantes Operieren bezeichnet Eingriffe, bei denen der Patient die Nacht vor und nach dem Eingriff zu Hause verbringt (§ 115b Abs. 1 SGB V). Aus Patientensicht sind die kurze Verweildauer und die Rekonvaleszenz in der gewohnten sozialen Umgebung von Vorteil. Aus okonomischer Sicht konnen die Gesamtausgaben im Gesundheitssystem deutlich gesenkt werden. Aus medizinischer Sicht sind spezielle Selektionskriterien fur ambulante Eingriffe anzuwenden. Aus Sicht eines Krankenhauses mit hoher Bettenauslastung bietet das ambulante Operieren die Moglichkeit, begrenzte Bettenkapazitaten fur schwere Falle zu nutzen sowie Zusatzerlose aufgrund der Abkopplung vom stationaren Budget zu generieren. Weitere Schwerpunkte dieses Kapitels sind Effizienzsteigerung und Qualitatssicherung im Ambulanten Operieren und ein Ausblick in zukunftige Entwicklungsmoglichkeiten.

Annually, there are approximately 900,000 nosocomial infections in Germany. These infections are often caused by multi-resistant bacteria like MRSA. The spread of these bacteria is fostered by the inappropriate and unnecessary use of antibiotics in the inpatient and outpatient, and also agricultural sector. In order to prevent the spread of multi-resistant organisms, cross-sectoral, concerted actions of health facilities and the community have to be forced. Therefore structures have to be implemented that motivate the players in a health care system to make efforts in infection prevention and patient safety. For countries with a relatively high MRSA rate as it is the case in Germany, it is necessary to have a benchmark with regions or countries like the Netherlands which show a significantly lower MRSA rate. The factors which determine the success of the Dutch prevention strategy have to be clearly evaluated and constructively adopted according to the requirements of the German health care system. The superior aim is to connect the service sectors in the health care system to establish concerted actions in terms of infection prevention. Established regional infection prevention networks show successfully how to overcome sector boundaries as well as internal boundaries, e.g. in hospitals.

Im Oktober 2012 wurde die Empfehlung der Kommission fur Krankenhaushygiene und Infektionspravention (KRINKO) beim Robert Koch-Institut (RKI) und des Bundesinstituts fur Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte (BfArM) zu den Anforderungen an die Hygiene bei der Aufbereitung von Medizinprodukten aktualisiert (o. V. 2012, S. 1244–1310).

Upper Palaeolithic cave art research has tended to focus on the images themselves, rather than the physical and social circumstances of their production. This dissertation explores and develops new practice-based ways of investigating cave art. A method analysing features of the cave environment, such as light, space and accessibility, internal conditions etc., and how these relate to traces of human activity, is developed and applied to three decorated caves from Upper Palaeolithic in southern France: Marsoulas (Haute-Garonne), Chauvet (Ardèche) and Rouffignac (Périgord). New insights are suggested into the underlying practice of cave art and its significance in Upper Palaeolithic societies. La recherche l’art rupestre Paléolithique supérieur a eu tendance à se focaliser sur les images elles-mêmes, plutôt que les circonstances physiques et sociales de leur production. Cette dissertation explore et développe des nouvelles formes d’investigation de l’art rupestre basées sur la pratique. Une méthode pour analyser des caractéristiques de l’environnement de la grotte, comme la lumière, l’espace et l’accessibilité, des conditions internes etc., et comment ceux-ci sont associés à des traces de l’activité humaine, est développée et appliquée à trois grottes de l’époque Paléolithique supérieur dans le sud de France: Marsoulas (Haute-Garonne), Chauvet (Ardèche) et Rouffignac (Périgord). Une nouvelle vision est suggérée pour la pratique sous-jacente de l’art rupestre et son importance dans les sociétés paléolithiques.

In ultrathin sections for electron microscopy the evaluation of images generated with immunocytochemical or in situ hybridization techniques can become difficult if the colloidal gold label is very small and the underlying structure shows a strong heavy metal contrast caused by conventional uranium/lead staining. Normally, the problem is overcome by analyzing specimens at higher magnifications or by enlarging the gold grains in a secondary process called silver enhancement. We present a method to visualize the small gold particles with electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI). Three energy-filtered images acquired at energy losses of 0, 45 and 120 eV are analyzed by digital image treatment so as to allow the optical separation of the Au-markers from the image background. This protocol can be adapted for applications related to the automated counting of the label.

The loss of iodine during irradiation with electrons was measured in order to determine whether it can be detected by electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI). Since iodine can be bound to organic molecules, it could be a candidate for tracer studies by ESI in biomedical research. A solution of thyroxine spread over a carbon film was used as a test specimen. Thyroxine contains four iodine atoms covalently bound to aromatic rings. For ESI, higher doses have to be used than in conventional electron microscopy. The iodine content was therefore measured after irradiation with doses of up to 3 × 107 el nm−2. The measurements were carried out for different specimen thicknesses, temperatures and dose rates, and it was found that iodine can be detected with ESI if moderate dose rates are used at a temperature of −160 °C.

At Volvo Construction Equipment outside Eskilstuna a wide range of heavy equipment machines are developed that are used by a variety of industries worldwide. For the handling and maintenance of these machines a deep knowledge is often required. Volvo CE and their dealer Swecon offer courses for both drivers and technicians that last for 1-2 weeks. Out on the workplaces however, the knowledge from these courses need to be supplemented with information from the machine’s operator and repair manuals. At the Service Engineering Department where these manuals are produced they have clear rules on how the text should be composed, but no similar rules for the descriptive images. The purposes of this thesis is that by producing a number of pictures, and carefully study the process of producing them, lay a foundation for a set of guidelines on how images for the manuals should be designed in the future. The pre-study consisted of qualitative interviews to create an understanding of the features I was going to describe and to evaluate the current manual pictures. I then, through a qualitative text study, collected theories on how images of this type should be designed. Then I designed the images for the drivers’ and technicians’ manuals based on the conclusions drawn from my pre-studies. Finally I conducted a trial of the produced images with members from each target group as test subjects through interviews. The conclusions drawn from the pre-studies, the design process and the trial resulted in two different sets of guidelines; one for each manual. The technicians’ manual: 1. Maintain only a high enough level of detail in the images. 2. Consider color blindness when color-coding images. 3. Plot overview images in simple schematic drawing with each part in their approximate location compared to reality. 4. Draw machine parts and components from the angle that gives the maximum recognition factor and displays all its essential elements. 5. Use different line weights to strengthen the forms and not to draw focus to certain areas. The operators’ manual: 1. Keep a low level of detail in the images 2. Use different line weights and black arrows where you want to draw attention in an image. 3. When a motion shall be described, list every moments of it and use only the most essential ones. 4. Take advantage of the gray scale to describe areas and motions to make the images less cluttered and keep blacks down. 5. Draw images straight from the sides in case of movement descriptions perpendicular to the direction of the motion. 6. Always describe the ideal case of an action. 7. Only use "do-not-images" with a cross over to wean and prevent already learned incorrect behavior or to warn of situations that might be harmful to the machines and people. På Volvo Construction Equipment utanför Eskilstuna utvecklas ett stort urval av anläggningsmaskiner som används inom ett flertal industrier världen över. Vid hanteringen och underhållningen av dessa maskiner krävs ofta djupa kunskaper. Volvo CE och deras återförsäljare Swecon erbjuder kurser för såväl förare som tekniker som varar mellan 1-2 veckor. Ute på arbetsplatserna behöver dock kunskapen från dessa kurser kompletteras med information från maskinernas förarinstruktionsböcker och verkstadshandböcker. På avdelningen Service Engineering där dessa manualer framställs har man tydliga regler för hur texten i dem ska utformas men inga motsvarande regler för de beskrivande bilderna. Syftet med detta arbete är att genom att framställa ett antal bilder, och noga studera processen för framställningen av dessa, lägga en grund för en uppsättning riktlinjer för hur bilder till manualerna i framtiden bör utformas. Förstudien bestod av kvalitativa intervjuer för att skapa en förståelse av de funktioner jag skulle beskriva samt för att utvärdera de nuvarande manualbilderna. Sedan samlade jag genom kvalitativa textstudier ihop teorier kring hur bilder av den här typen bör utformas. Jag utformade sedan bilderna till förarinstruktionsboken samt verkstadshandboken utefter de slutsatser jag dragit från min förstudie. Avslutningsvis utfördes en utprovning på de framställda bilderna med respektive målgruppsmedlemmar som försökspersoner genom kvalitativa intervjuer. Slutsatserna från förarbetet, utformningen och utprovningarna resulterade i två olika uppsättningar riktlinjer; en för vardera manual. Verkstadshandboken: 1. Håll endast en tillräckligt hög detaljnivå på bilder. 2. Tänk på färgblinda vid färgkodning. 3. Rita översiktsbilder av system i förenklade schematiska bilder med vardera delar på den ungefärliga plats de sitter i verkligheten. 4. Rita maskindelar och komponenter från den vinkel som ger högst igenkänlighetsfaktor samt visar alla väsentliga delar. 5. Använd olika linjetjocklekar för att förstärka former och inte för att dra fokus till vissa delar. Förarinstruktionsboken: 1. Håll en låg detaljnivå på bilder. 2. Använd högre linjetjocklek och svarta pilar där man vill lägga fokus på en bild. 3. Då en rörelse ska beskrivas, punkta upp alla moment i den, och använd endast de allra viktigaste. 4. Utnyttja gråskalan för att beskriva ytor och rörelser för att göra bilderna mindre röriga och hålla svärtan nere. 5. Rita bilder rakt från sidan och i fall av rörelsebeskrivningar i en vinkel vinkelrätt från rörelsens riktning. 6. Beskriv alltid idealfall av ett moment. 7. Använd endast "inte-bilder" med kryss för att avvänja ett redan inlärt felaktigt beteende eller för att varna för situationer som kan vara skadliga för maskiner och människor.

von Franz Haking Paderborn, Univ., Diss., 2006

To image the distribution of a specific element in a specimen with an energy filtering TEM, the element-unspecific background under the core-edge has to be subtracted. The most commonly used procedure is the three-window power-law method leading to considerable systematic errors for low-energy core-edges. Here a new method is described which can be considered as a generalized difference method. Characteristic examples for element detection in biological specimens using this method are shown. The background under the core-edge can be described by one or two pre-edge windows as a polynome of third order. This function can be deduced from specimen areas that are not known to contain the element or from a second specimen used as a standard. Control experiments showed that background subtraction for non-overlapping core-edges in the low-loss region (50–200 eV) needs two pre-edge images, whereas at higher-energy losses (>300 eV) only one pre-edge image is necessary. With the method described, objective elemental mapping becomes possible even for edges at 50–100 eV. This was proven for the M2,3-edge of iron at 60 eV. The detection of phosphorus was possible with a signal-to-noise ratio five times higher than when using the three-window method. Preliminary data showed that it should be possible to detect calcium with only one image before the edge.

The element signal obtained from electron-energy-filtered micrographs depends on the systematic error in calculating the background and on the noise in the background-corrected image. Both systematic error and statistical fluctuation of the background can be assessed experimentally with a specimen that combines the element-containing feature with a mass-thickness marker. The approach is described for the mapping of phosphorus in turnip yellow mosaic viruses prepared on a supporting carbon film of variable thickness. The thickness modulations are produced by the additional deposition of heat-evaporated carbon through a second grid used as a mask. The three-window power-law method and the two-window difference method are compared. With the three-window power-law method, the mass-thickness modulations of the marker are still visible in the map, indicating a systematic error for the calculated background. In addition, the intensity profile over the area of the thick carbon film is broader than in the map corrected by the two-window method, indicating a higher level of noise. With the two-window difference method, mass-thickness contrast was practically eliminated due to an improved protocol that uses the mass-thickness marker to calculate the scaling factor: instead of scaling the grey-level of a single background feature, the pre-edge image is scaled to the contrast of the marker area in the image acquired at the element-specific energy loss.

A promising aspect of ESI is its application in the detection of elemental labels introduced into biomolecules for cell and molecular biological techniques. Even though colloidal gold labeling for electron microscopy (EM) is highly developed, availability of alternative labels, especially for double or triple labeling applications would be helpful because of difficulties with gold concerning i) detection (gold diameters ≤1nm), ii) discrimination due to gold particle size variations in one size class, and iii) different labeling efficiencies depending on gold granule size. An alternative labeling molecule should contain a high concentration of a specific chemical element which is not or in minor concentrations present in the system under surveillance, and has to have the potential to be discriminated from “biological” elements by ESI.With respect to ESI, one candidate for elemental labeling is boron. It meets the criteria described above and substantial experience in the synthesis of labeling compounds exists. From the chemical point of view, the preferred labeling structure is a so called dendrimer, a highly branched regular three-dimensional monodisperse macromolecule. Dendritic structures offer a large variety of functionalities to incorporate an element detectable by energy filtering transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM).

Our investigations are aimed to exploit the potential of Electron Spectroscopic Imaging (ESI) using an LEO EM 912 Omega to perform element detection without any background signal included in the net elemental signal. In a first series of experiments we designed an approach for phosphorus (P) detection by using an internal mass-thickness marker in the shape of a carbon ramp combined with the two-window difference method in order to eliminate mass thickness signals [1]. However, pure carbon seems not to be ideal because this approach does not take into account the more complex elemental composition of biological samples ( H, N, O, P and S) compared to pure carbon within the reference. Consequently, we had to find an easy-to-handle and reproducible technique to include a combined Compositional- and Massthickness Marker (C:M-Marker) in the specimen under investigation. Fig. 1A shows the result of such an experiment. Turnip Yellow Mosaic Viruses (TYMV; bright particles) were layered on top of a carbon foil followed by a wash with distilled water and air drying. To form an internal C-M-Marker a 1%-solution of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA), dialysed against H2O, was sprayed on the opposite side of the same sample resulting in localized aggregations of BSA with different thicknesses (bright region “M, Fig. 1A). It serves the same purpose like the carbon ramp [1]: a pre-edge image (115 eV) and a second one (150 eV, core edge image) are taken to calculate the intensity (I) background function I150 (I115) using only values from the C-M-Marker region. Then the P-map image can be calculated by subtracting the extrapolated contribution of the protein part from the core-edge image. For the case presented in Fig. 1A this procedure resulted in Fig. 1B where the TYMV intensity signals can still be seen whereas the BSA ramp vanished.

ESI (electron spectroscopic imaging)-detection methods are mainly based on the core edges above 100 eV (see, as an example, Ref. 1). However, it would be of major interest to use the high intensity values in the low-loss region below 100 eV. There are at least two elements of general interest for biological applications showing core edges in this region: Au (O2,3 ) and Fe (M 2,3 )• Since colloidal gold and ferritin are used to label targets in biological samples at high spatial resolution we started our study aiming at iron-detection (iron-maximum at 62 eV comparable to gold-maximum at 65 eV).Ferritin (Ref. 2) contains about 200 to 2000 iron atoms in a densely packed core representing an ideal prerequisite for ESI-detection. Furthermore, ferritin used to be a common marker in conventional transmission electron microscopy in the past. The contrast produced by ferritin in a conventional transmission electron microscope (CTEM) is not specific for iron but only for a dense region in the specimen.