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BACKGROUND: Trauma is one of the leading causes of pediatric mortality so the prevention of pediatric trauma is an important goal of any healthcare system. There are only a few studies on pediatric trauma in Saudi Arabia. The availability of data is vital for healthcare leaders in planning for healthcare services. OBJECTIVE: Assess the epidemiology, patterns, and outcome of trauma in the pediatric population in the Qassim region in Saudi Arabia. DESIGN: Descriptive medical records review. SETTING: A single-center, academic specialized pediatric referral hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We reviewed all electronic and paper records for children (

Compression and flexure members such as columns and beams are critical in a structure as its failure could lead to the collapse of the structure. In the present work, numerical analysis of square and circle short columns, and reinforced concrete (RC) beams reinforced with fiber reinforced polymer composites are carried out. This work is divided into two parts. In the first part, numerical study of axial behavior of square and circular concrete columns reinforced with Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) and Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer (BFRP)bars and spiral, and Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) wraps is conducted. The results of the first part showed that the axial capacity of the circular RC columns reinforced with GFRP increases with the increase of the longitudinal reinforcement ratio. In addition, the results of the numerical analysis showed good correlation with the experimental ones. An interaction diagram for BFRP RC columns is also developed with considering various eccentricities. The results of numerical modeling of RC columns strengthened with CFRP wraps revealed that the number and the spacing between the CFRP wraps provide different levels of ductility enhancement to the column. For the cases considered in this study, column with two middle closely spaced CFRP wraps demonstrated the best performance. In the second part of this research, flexural behavior of RC beams reinforced with BFRP, GFRP and CFRP bars is investigated along with validation of the numerical model with the experimental tests. The results resembled the experimental observations that indicate significant effect of the FRP bar diameter and type ont he flexural capacity of the RC beams. It was also shown that Increasing the number of bars while keeping the same reinforcement ratio enhanced the stiffness of the RC beam.

Cryptosporidium spp. are diarrhoeic parasites of man and wide ranges of animals with major health implications. To explore their presence in small ruminant from the steppe in Algeria a sampling of 1402 stools was carried out on 875 sheep and 527 goats with different ages, sex and clinic status at many sites from Laghouat, Djelfa and El-Bayadh. Fecal specimens were concentrated and stained by the modified Ziehl-Neelsen acid fast technique. Cryptosporidium spp. were identified in 3.77% of sheep and 22.09% of its herds and in 5.12% of goats and 28.36% of hits herds, without age relation neither diarrhea depending, only few cases have been isolated from young diarrhoeic animals. But regarding the type of rearing, it shows strongly correlated to the infection in small ruminant. This study reveals for the first time the occurrence of Cryptosporidium in goats and confirms its presence in sheep from steppe in Algeria.

This paper proposes a data projection method (DPM) to detect a mode switching and recognize the current mode in a switching system. The main feature of this method is that the precise knowledge of the system model, i.e., the parameter values, is not needed. One direct application of this technique is fault detection and identification (FDI) when a fault produces a change in the system dynamics. Mode detection and recognition correspond to fault detection and identification, and switching time estimation to fault occurrence time estimation. The general principle of the DPM is to generate mode indicators, namely, residuals, using matrix projection techniques, where matrices are composed of input and output measured data. The DPM is presented in detail, and properties of switching detectability (fault detectability) and discernability between modes (fault identifiability) are characterized and discussed. The great advantage of this method, compared with other techniques in the literature, is that it does not need the model parameter values and thus can be applied to systems of the same type without identifying their parameters. This is particularly interesting in the design of generic embedded fault diagnosis algorithms.

رغم التباين الكبير في الظروف التي تكشف كلا من المنهجين: العربي والغربي والسياقات التاريخية والثقافية الخاصة التي يتميز بها كل واحد منهما، لم تعد المقابلة ما بين منهج سيبويه أو سواه من اللغويين العرب القدامى في دراسة اللغة، وبعض مناهج المدارس اللغوية الحديثة ضربًا من المجازفة أو المفارقة بسبب ما تنطوي عليه من مقارنة بين لغات تنتمي إلى أسر لغوية مختلفة، وذلك أن ثمة قدرًا كبيرًا من التشابه بينهما في الاتجاهات والآراء والنظريات المتصلة بالبحث اللغوي التي قد تحيل إلى المتأمل والمتمعن فيها أنها صدرت من منبع واحد، وليس أدلّ على ذلك ما أقر به كبار الباحثين اللغويين أمثال كارتر. إن مجال الدراسة ليس بتحديد فضل التقدم والسبق لسيبويه، وإنما هو الكشف عن الملامح المشتركة بين ما جاء به في الكتاب منذ قرون، وبين الاتجاهات الغربية الحديثة، كعلم اللغة الاجتماعي (Sociolinguistics)، والأنثروبولوجيا اللغوية (Linguistic Anthropology)، اعتمادًا على السياق الاجتماعي عند سيبويه، بالإضافة إلى الفلسفة وعلم النفس والتداولية (Pragmatique)، التي تمثل علاقة وطيدة بالتبليغ ودورها الفعال في الكشف عن مقاصد المتكلمين، ومن العجب أن يجد الباحث كل ما يضارع هذه الاتجاهات والنظريات الغربية في كتاب سيبويه، يتضح هذا من خلال المقارنة بين سيبويه وأبرز أعلام اللغة الغربيين، أمثال: دي سوسير، ومالينوفسكي، وبلومفيد، وكفتكنشتاين، وهابرماس، وأوستين وغيرهم. ووفق هذا الطرح، سأعالج في ورقتي البحثية هذه؛ اللسانيات العربية من خلال كتاب سيبويه من منظور اللسانيات الغربية الحديثة.

The main objective of this study was to investigate experimentally and numerically the behavior of basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) reinforcement exposed to a combination of ultraviolet rays, humidity, and rain. Specifically, the effects of the previously stated harsh exposure on the serviceability performance and flexural capacity of BFRP reinforced concrete beams was examined. Holding the exposure parameter constant, the study also evaluated the effects of reinforcement ratio and beam detailing on the flexural capacity and the bond-dependent coefficient (kb) of the beams. Seven beams were cast and tested, four of which were reinforced with exposed BFRP bars, two were reinforced with unexposed BFRP bars, and one specimen was cast and reinforced with steel bars to serve as a benchmark specimen. The results indicate that the kb factor was averaged to be 0.61 for all the beams. Test results also indicate that increasing the reinforcement ratio did not result in a directly proportional increase in the moment capacity. The period of exposure did not cause any significant impact on the behavior of the over-reinforced beams. Thus, a finite element model was created to simulate the impact of exposure on the behavior of under-reinforced BFRP reinforced concrete beams.

To date, no information is available on the prevalence and genetic identity of Cryptosporidium spp. in cattle in Algeria. In this study, 17 dairy farms in the province of Batna, located in the northeast of the country, were visited to collect 132 fecal samples from young calves (