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Copyright of Nigde University Journal of Physical Education & Sport Sciences / Nigde Üniversitesi Beden Egitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Journal of Physical Education & Sports Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Sport for All & Recreation / Herkes Için Spor ve Rekreasyon is the property of Journal of Sport for All & Recreation / Herkes icin Spor ve Rekreasyon Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of ROL Sport Sciences / ROL Spor Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Journal of ROL Sport Sciences / ROL Spor Bilimleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of ROL Sport Sciences / ROL Spor Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Journal of ROL Sport Sciences / ROL Spor Bilimleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Takım sporlarından biri olan voleybol, her geçen gün uluslararası ve ulusal arenadaki yerini güçlendirirken teknolojiye ayak uyduran da bir spor dalı haline gelmiştir. Takım sporlarında kullanılan teknoloji, müsabaka sırasında hakemlerin karar alma süreçlerinde hem olumlu hem de olumsuz etkilere sahip olabilmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın temel amacı, Türkiye Voleybol Federasyonu’nun üst liglerinde kullanılan video değerlendirme sisteminin hakem karar alma süreçlerine etkisine etkisinin incelenmesidir. Belirlenen bu amaç doğrultusunda yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılarak yürütülen bu araştırmanın evrenini, Türkiye Voleybol Federasyonu’nun üst liglerinde görev yapan A ve AB klasmanındaki toplam 21 hakem oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklem grubunu ise araştırmaya gönüllü olarak katılan ulusal ve uluslararası olmak üzere toplam 21 hakem oluşturmaktadır. A ve AB klasmanındaki voleybol hakemleriyle yürütülen bu araştırmada sonuç olarak; video değerlendirme sisteminin voleybol müsabakalarının objektif olarak yönetilmesine olanak sağladığı belirlenmiştir. Ancak bu sistemin bazı maçlarda bulunmaması veya hakem kararlarında değişikliğe sebep olması, çalışmaya katılan hakemlerin kararlarını olumsuz etkilememiş olup, maçlar esnasında video değerlendirme sisteminde yaşanan aksaklıkları en aza indirmek için hakemlerin, özellikle görüntü çözünürlüğünün artırılması yönünde bu sisteme bazı eklemeler yapılması gerektiğini belirtmişlerdir.

Bu araştırmanın amacı, voleybol hakemlerinin empati düzeyleri ile işe adanmışlıkları arasında anlamlı bir ilişkinin olup olmadığını incelemektir. Araştırmanın yöntemi, nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden ilişkisel tarama modeline dayanılarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklem grubunu, İç Anadolu bölgesinde aktif şekilde görev yapan 156 kadın, 65 erkek voleybol hakemi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada voleybol hakemlerinin empati düzeyleri ile işe adanmışlık düzeylerini belirlemek için “Empati Düzeyi Belirleme Ölçeği” ile “İşe Angaje (Adapte) Olma Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular sonucunda çalışmada empati düzeyi ile cinsiyet değişkenine ilişkin anlamlı bir fark tespit edilmemişken (p>0,05), kadın voleybol hakemleri lehine işe adanmışlık düzeyinin anlamlı bir şekilde farklılaştığı tespit edilmiştir (p

Copyright of Journal of Sports Sciences Research / Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Journal of Sport Sciences Researches / Spor Bilimleri Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of ROL Sport Sciences / ROL Spor Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Journal of ROL Sport Sciences / ROL Spor Bilimleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The one of goals that religious provisions aim to achieve is the preservation of the generation. For this reason, Islam recommends marriage and prohibits all illegitimate relationships outside of marriage. He also ordered the parties to respect each other's rights and fulfill their responsibilities in order to maintain the marriage union. He requested that all attitudes and behaviors that would disrupt the marriage union be avoided. How ever, from time to time, a word said or a behavior exhibited by one or both spouses shakes the marriage union and even leads to its end. Situations that can be described as severe disagreements that occur between spouses and make the continuation of the marital union almost impossible are expressed with the concept of "shiqàq" in fiqh. Failure of the parties to observe marriage law in domestic relations is one of the main reasons that lead to "shiqàq". Although the reasons for the "shiqàq" that leads the spouses to discord are not explained in the relevant verse, it is recommended that in case of "shiqàq", the institution of arbitration should be applied and the arbitrators should first reconcile the relationship between the spouses and prevent the breakdown of the marital union. On the other hand, it is controversial among the sects whether arbitrators have the authority to terminate a marriage union that they do not find beneficial to continue. While the fuqaha, who argue that arbitrators are in the position of attorneys, say that referees cannot separate the spouses without the consent of the spouses, those who say that arbitrators are in the power of judges are of the opinion that arbitrators have the authority to separate husband and wife regardless of the consent of the spouses. In addition, in case of "shiqàq", the man can directly divorce his wife, and the woman can request the judicial authorities to separate from her husband. In this study, which deals with the issue of "shiqàq" in the context of family law, first of all, the meaning of "shiqàq", the issues that cause this situation and the legal consequences attached to this concept will be revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Sport & Recreation Researches is the property of Journal of Sport & Recreation Researches and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mediterranean Journal of Sport Science (MJSS) is the property of Mediterranean Journal of Sport Science (MJSS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of ROL Sport Sciences / ROL Spor Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Journal of ROL Sport Sciences / ROL Spor Bilimleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

İslam’da evlilik esas ve teşvik edilmiş bir başlangıç ve işlem iken boşama istisna ve hoş karşılanmayan bir sonuçtur. Kur’ân’da en fazla ve ayrıntılı hüküm aile hukuku ile ilgilidir. İslam hukukçuları ilgili âyet ve hadislerden hareketle evlenme ve boşanma hukukunu “nikâh” ve “talak” başlıkları altında düzenlemişlerdir. Konu ile ilgili bir kısım âyet ve hadislerde geçen ifadelerden hareketle söz konusu hukukî düzenlemelerin ahlakî yönlerini de dikkate almışlardır. İslam birçok hükümde olduğu gibi kendisinden önce toplumda var olan hükümler konusunda birtakım ta’dilatlar yapmıştır. Evlenme ve boşanma konusu da bunlar arasındadır. Câhiliye döneminde yapılan evlenme ve boşanmalara Hz. Peygamber’in risaleti ve Kur’ân’ın nüzulünden sonra yeni bir sisteme kavuşmuş ve insan onuruna yakışan hükümler getirilmiştir. Daha önce evlenilen kadınların sayısında ve boşama konusunda belli sınırlar olmadığı halde Kur’ân her iki konuda da önemli sınırlamalar getirmiş ve zaman zaman bunları “hudûdullah/Allah’ın yasal sınırları” kavramı ile ifade etmiştir. Evlenmeyi aile kurmak, huzur bulmak ve hısım olmak gibi gayelerle teşvik eden İslam, boşanmayı hoş karşılamasa da mecbur kalındığında caiz görmüştür. Boşanan eşler ve aileleri arasında husumet oluşmaması için de boşamayı bir prosedüre bağlamış, boşanma adab ve ahlakı getirmiştir. Bunun için hassas noktalara değinen Kur’ân boşanan veya boşanacak eşlerin şiddete başvurmadan, birbirine zarar vermeden ve düşman olmadan medeni ve insana yaraşır şekilde ayrılmalarını önermiştir. Bu makalede boşanma prosedürü ve ahlakı konusu ele Kur’ân, sünnet ve fıkıh perspektifinden ele alınacaktır. Âyetlerin genel ifadeleri dikkate alındığında usulüne uygun evlilik yaparak sıcak bir yuva kurup huzurla yaşamak üzere bir araya gelmek hem kadının hem de erkeğin fıtratının bir gereğidir. Nikâh akdinin konusunu ve amacını sadece cinsel tatmine indirgemek, bu önemli akdi basitleştirmektir. Fıkıh kitaplarında nikâh akdinin “milk-i müt’â” (cinsel yararlanma) üzerine yapılan bir akit olarak tanımlanması, bir yönüyle fakihlerin akit teknikerinin ve hür kadından yararlanmayı oturtmak istedikleri temelin belirlenmesinde yaşadıkları zorluğun bir gereğidir. Dolayısıyla evlenmek, sadece basit cinsel tatmin için değil, sekinet, meveddet ve rahmet semerelerini elde etmek içindir. Bunun içinde hayatın zorluğunu, acılarını, sıkıntılarını, mefsedetlerini ve problemlerini beraber göğüslemek, nimetlerini, maslahat taraflarını ve güzelliklerini de paylaşmak vardır. Fakihler bu akde, dini ve dünyevi bir takım maslahatlar bağlamışlardır ki, neslin korunması ve devamı, kadınların himâye edilmesi, cinsel haramlardan korunma, Hz. Peygamber’in iftiharına layık müminlerin sayısını artırma bunlardan bir kısmıdır. Bütün bunlara rağmen mizaçları uyuşmayan, bütün iyi niyetli gayret ve yaklaşımlara rağmen yukarıda belirtilen aşamaları takip ettikten sonra bu güzellikleri beraber yaşayamayacakları anlaşılan eşler düşman olmadan, ve şiddete başvurmadan iyilikle, güzellikle ve dost kalarak ayrılabilirler ve Kur’ân’a, sünnete ve Müslümanların hukuk ve ahlak birikimine uygun olan da bu şekilde ayrılmalarıdır. Evliliği teşvik eden, boşamayı ise teşvik etmeyip kaçınılmaz olduğunda prosedürünü ve ahlakını gösteren Kur’ân, her konuda olduğu gibi bu konuda da insana ve insani duygulara büyük önem vermiştir. Kadının aile hayatının erkeğin iki dudağı arasında olduğu yönündeki bazı yaygın söylemlerin aksine, Kur’ân evlenmeyi kolaylaştırırken boşanmayı belli bir prosedüre bağlayarak bir ölçüde zorlaştırmıştır. Anlaşmazlık yaşayan eşlerin barışıp eksiklerini anlayarak evliliklerini kurtarmalarını yeniden denemek için eşlerin ailelerinden hakemler tayin edilmesini talep eden Kur’ân’ın evliliği iki kişi arasında meydana gelen basit bir sözleşmeden ibaret görmediği aksine aile kurmaya ve kutsal bir yuva oluşturmaya yönelik bir akit olarak gördüğü anlaşılmaktadır. Yüce Allah evliliği meşru kılarken evlenmenin hikmet ve sebeplerine de işaret etmiş, bunu varlığının delillerinden saymış ve sekinet, mevedet ve rahmet evliliğini ideal evlilik olarak ortaya koymuştur. Bu esaslar bir araya gelmeyip eşler kalben birbirinden soyuduğunda da zorla ve zoraki bir evliliği devam ettirmeyi doğru bulmayıp boşamayı da meşru kılmış ve bunun nasıl olması gerektiğinin yollarını göstermiştir.

Self-handicapping can be defined as an effort to voluntarily create excuses that an individual can use in case of potential failure. Self-handicapping behavior, which can be manifested either behaviorally or verbally, helps protecting the self-esteem of the individual in short-term, but causes psychological/social problems if used frequently. Studies on self-handicapping in the literature are generally concentrated in the academic field. The method used in this study was reviewing th original articles related to the topc self-handicapping and sports. There are frequent studies on self-handicapping levels of academic staff, students and teachers. This study was carried out to examine the studies on self-handicapping in the field of sports. The number of studies in the field of sports is limited. In studies investigating which variables were affected by self-handicapping, it was seen that sociodemographic variables did not affect the level of self-handicapping, but there was a controversion in the gender variable because there were conflicting findings regarding the effect of gender on self-handicapping levels. There were also studies reporting that self-handicapping was associated with self-esteem and examined it. It was reported that self-esteem had a negative correlation with self-handicapping, and individuals with high self-esteem tended to have low self-handicapping behavior. In the sports performances, the value attributed by the individual to this performance (competition or performance test) affected the self-handicapping tendency of the athlete. As the importance of performance increased, the tendency of athletes to self-hadicapping also increased. In team sports, athletes' tendency to claimed self-handicapping behavior may lead to negative consequences such as exclusion of athletes from the team. It was concluded that the studies on self-handicapping in sports focused on athletes and referees, but there were no studies investigating the self-handicapping tendencies of coaches. Studies on disabled athletes were limited. It was considered that increasing the number of studies conducted in the field of sports, especially on disabled athletes and trainers, would fill the gap in this field.

Copyright of Sportif Bakış: Spor ve Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Sportif Bakis: Spor ve Egitim Bilimleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of ROL Sport Sciences / ROL Spor Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Journal of ROL Sport Sciences / ROL Spor Bilimleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Social Sciences Research / Sosyal Bilimler Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of ODU Journal of Social Sciences Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nigde University Journal of Physical Education & Sport Sciences / Nigde Üniversitesi Beden Egitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Journal of Physical Education & Sports Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Marriage is an essential and encouraged beginning in Islam, while divorce is an excep)tion and an unwelcomed outcome. The most detailed provisions in the Qur'an are related to family law. Based on the relevant verses and hadiths, Islamic jurists have arranged the law of marriage and divorce under the headings of “nikah” and “talaq”. They also considered the moral aspects of the legal regulations, depending on the expressions in some verses and hadiths on the issue., Islam has modified some of the rulings that existed in the society before its emerge. Marriage and divorce are also among these changes. After the Prophet’s prophethood and the Qur’an’s revelation, the marriages and divorces in the period of ignorance gained a new system, and provisions befitting human dignity were introduced. Although there were no certain limits on the number of women who had been married before and on the issue of divorce, the Qur'an brought significant restrictions on both issues and sometimes expressed them with the concept of “hududullah/Allah’s legal limits.” Islam, which encourages marriage to establish a family, find peace and be kin, does not welcome divorce, but accept it permissible when necessary. In order not to create enmity between the divorced spouses and their fami)lies, Islam established a divorce procedure, and introduced manners and morals into the divorce. Touching on the sensitive points for this, the Qur’an recommends that the spouses should be divorced in a kind and humane manner without resorting to vio)lence, harming each other, and being hostile. In this article, the issue of divorce proce)dure and morality will be discussed from the perspective of the Qur'an, sunnah, and fiqh. Considering the general expressions of the verses, it is a requirement of the nature of both men and women to marry appropriately, establish a warm home and come together to live in peace. Reducing the subject and purpose of the marriage contract to only sexual satisfaction is simplifying this important contract with malicious intent. The definition of the marriage contract as a contract made on "milk-i mut'a" (sexual exploitation / temporary marriage / fixed-term marriage) in Islamic Jurisprodence books is a necessity of the difficulties faced by jurists in determining the contracting techniques and the basis on which they want to benefit from a free woman. Therefore, getting married is not only for simple sexual satisfaction, but also for obtaining the fruits of tranquility, happiness and mercy. Thisincludes facing the hardships, pains, troubles, envy and problems of life together, and sharing the blessings, benefits and beauties of life. Faqihs have tied some religious and worldly interests to this contract, such as the protection and continuation of the lineage, the protection of women, protection from sexual harams, and increasing the number of believers worthy of the pride of the Prophet. Despite all these, spouses whose temperaments do not match, and who, despite all well-intentioned efforts and approaches, seem to be unable to experience these beauties together after following the above-mentioned steps, can leave without being hostile, without resorting to violence, and by staying friendly and benevolent. It is this way of separating them that is in line with the Qur'an, the Sunnah and the knowledge of the law and morality of Muslims. The Qur'an, which encourages marriage, does not promote divorce and shows its procedure and morality when it is inevitable, gives great importance to people and human feelings in this matter, as in every other issue. Contrary to some common statements that the woman's family life is between the man's two lips, the Qur'an facilitates marriage but makes divorce somewhat difficult by binding it to a specific procedure. It is understood that the Qur'an, which demands the appointment of arbitrators from the families of the spouses to try to save the marriage by understanding the deficiencies of the discordant spouses, does not see the marriage as a simple contract between two people, on the contrary, it sees it as a contract for establishing a family and creating a holy home. While legitimizing marriage, Almighty Allah also pointed to the wisdom and reasons for marriage, counted it as evidence of its existence, and revealed the marriage of tranquility, majesty and mercy as the ideal marriage. Even when these principles did not come together and the spouses robbed each other by heart, they did not find it suitable to continue a forced marriage, made divorce legitimate, and showed how this should be done. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Spor Hekimligi Dergisi/Turkish Journal of Sports Medicine is the property of Turkish Journal of Sports Medicine / Spor Hekimleri Dernegi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Mediterranean Journal of Sport Science (MJSS) is the property of Mediterranean Journal of Sport Science (MJSS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of SPORMETRE: The Journal of Physical Education & Sport Sciences / Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of SPORMETRE: The Journal of Physical Education & Sport Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tahkim sözleşmesinin konusunu oluşturan bir uyuşmazlığın çözümü için mahkemede dava açılmışsa, karşı taraf ilk itiraz teşkil eden tahkim ilk itirazında bulunabilir. Çünkü geçerli bir tahkim sözleşmesi, olağan mahkemelerin yargılama yetkisini devre dışı bırakan olumuz etkiye sahiptir ve tarafların uyuşmazlıklarını tahkime sunmaları sözleşmeden doğan bir yükümlülüktür. New York Sözleşmesinin II, 3. maddesi ve Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanununun 413. maddesine göre geçerli bir tahkim sözleşmesinin bulunması, davanın esasına girme konusunda itirazla karşılaşan mahkemelerin yargı yetkisinin varlığını kabul etmelerini önler. Bu durumda tahkim sözleşmesi hükümsüz, tesirsiz veya uygulanması imkânsız değil ise mahkeme tahkim itirazını kabul eder, davayı usûlden reddeder ve böylece tarafları tahkime sevk eder.

Copyright of Mediterranean Journal of Sport Science (MJSS) is the property of Mediterranean Journal of Sport Science (MJSS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of SPORMETRE: The Journal of Physical Education & Sport Sciences / Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of SPORMETRE: The Journal of Physical Education & Sport Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Selcuk Law Review / Selçuk Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Selcuk Law Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of University of Cumhuriyet, Faculty of Sciences & Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of International Trade & Arbitration Law / Uluslararasi Ticaret ve Tahkim Hukuku Dergisi is the property of Journal of International Trade & Arbitration Law / Uluslararasi Ticaret ve Tahkim Hukuku Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bozok University Journal of Faculty of Theology / Bozok Üniversitesi Ilahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Bozok University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Journal of International Social Research is the property of Journal of International Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Journal of International Social Research is the property of Journal of International Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi is the property of Justice Academy of Turkey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of SPORMETRE: The Journal of Physical Education & Sport Sciences / Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of SPORMETRE: The Journal of Physical Education & Sport Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of International Social Research is the property of Journal of International Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this study is to determine the level of job satisfaction of soccer referees in terms of some keyvariables, such as gender, educational background, professional experience and etc. This study has beengenerated from the Turkish Football Referees of the central board of Referees in Turkish Football Federation. Inparticular, sample group of this study is mainly based on 8 Females and 82 Males, total 90 Referees in AnkaraRegion. In collection of data, firstly, the personal data form, which is prepared by an analyst, has beenimplemented, and then, in order to determine the level of job satisfaction, scale of “Minnesota SatisfactionQuestionnaire”, which was enhanced in 1967 and transcribed in Turkish by Gokcora at 1985, has been appliedto the referees. In analyzing and interpreting of this data, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Mann-Whitney U test,and Kruskal-Wallis test has been used as the variables in order to investigate the level of job satisfaction of thereferees. At the end of the analysis, a positive correlation between the level of job satisfaction and gender,educational background, professional experience and the ranking variance could not have been found.