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1. Mpox Epidemiology and Risk Factors, Nigeria, 2022

Author: Dimie Ogoina, Mahmmod Muazu Dalhat, Ballah Akawu Denue, Mildred Okowa, Nneka Marian Chika-Igwenyi, Sebastine Oseghae Oiwoh, Ekaete Alice Tobin, Hakeem Abiola Yusuff, Anastacia Okwudili Ojimba, Umenzekwe Chukwudi Christian, John-Tunde Aremu, Simji Samuel Gomerep, Kambai Lalus Habila, Sati Klein Awang, Olukemi Adekanmbi, Michael Iroezindu, Asukwo Onukak, Olanrewaju Falodun, Mogaji Sunday, Simon Mafuka Johnson, Abimbola Olaitan, Chizaram Onyeaghala, Datonye Alasia, Juliet Mmerem, Uche Unigwe, Vivian Kwaghe, and Mukhtar Abdulmajid Adeiza
Subjects: mpox, monkeypox virus, varicella zoster virus, risk factors, epidemiology, predictors, Medicine, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: To investigate epidemiology of and risk factors for laboratory-confirmed mpox during the 2022 outbreak in Nigeria, we enrolled 265 persons with suspected mpox. A total of 163 (61.5%) were confirmed to have mpox; 137 (84.0%) were adults, 112 (68.7%) male, 143 (87.7%) urban/semi-urban dwellers, 12 (7.4%) self-reported gay men, and 3 (1.8%) female sex workers. Significant risk factors for adults were sexual and nonsexual contact with persons who had mpox, as well as risky sexual behavior. For children, risk factors were close contact with an mpox-positive person and prior animal exposure. Odds of being mpox positive were higher for adults with HIV and lower for those co-infected with varicella zoster virus (VZV). No children were HIV-seropositive; odds of being mpox positive were higher for children with VZV infection. Our findings indicate mpox affects primarily adults in Nigeria, partially driven by sexual activity; childhood cases were driven by close contact, animal exposure, and VZV co-infection.
Published: 2024
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2. Effect of different starches in batter formulation on oil content and associated quality attributes of fried chicken nuggets

Author: Opeyemi Rachel Faloye, Olajide Philip Sobukola, Taofeek Akinyemi Shittu, Hakeem Adegoke Bakare, Adebukola Tolulope Omidiran, Florence Adeola Akinlade, and Oluwaseun Peter Bamidele
Subjects: Starches, Wheat flour, Scanning electron microscope, Chicken meat, Frying, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641, Food processing and manufacture, TP368-456
Abstract: Abstract Persistent consumption of heavily fried and breaded foods over an extended period may have the potential to contribute to the development of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular diseases, and elevated blood pressure. The potential of coating using native starches (cassava, sweet potato, and corn) in batter formulation to reduce oil uptake as well as their effects on other quality attributes (moisture, colour and textural properties) were investigated. The chicken nuggets coated with batter from different starches were fried at 170 °C for 5 to 25 min. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study changes in microstructural properties of fried chicken nuggets samples at different time intervals. The chicken nuggets coated with batter from sweet potato starch had lower oil (13.09%) and moisture (30.49%) contents compared with those coated with other starches. The SEM revealed that longer frying duration produced chicken nuggets with fewer gas cells and pores and subsequently lower oil content. There are changes in the colour and textural properties of the fried chicken nuggets irrespective of the starches used in batter formulation. Application of starches in batter formulation at different frying time affected some quality attributes of fried chicken nuggets with sweet potato starch having better attributes when compared with others. Graphical Abstract
Published: 2024
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3. Investigation into the Suitability of AA 6061 and Ti6Al4V as Substitutes for SS 316L Use in the Paraplegic Swivel Mechanism

Author: Oluwaseun K. Ajayi, Babafemi O. Malomo, Shengzhi Du, Hakeem A. Owolabi, and Olusola A. Oladosu
Subjects: SS 316L, AA 6061, Ti6Al4V, swivel mechanism, mechanical properties, Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: SS 316L, a low-carbon 316 Stainless Steel, has been used to manufacture swivel mechanisms for paraplegic patients, but its weight is relatively high compared to a few materials in its range of properties. Aluminum alloy 6061 and Titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) offer lightweight and incredible strength-to-weight ratio, hence their use for medical, aerospace, and automotive applications. This study, therefore, seeks a replacement for SS 316L. A 3D model of a swivel mechanism was developed to compare the performance of the swivel mechanism made with SS 316L, AA 6061, and Ti6Al4V. The kinematic analysis of the mechanism based on a range of weights: 1kN, 1.1 kN, 1.2 kN, 1.3 kN, 1.4 kN, and 1.5 kN was carried out to generate the inputs for the simulation. The 3D model was made with SolidWorks, and the results of the kinematic analysis were used to define the simulation parameters for the mechanism. Two scenarios generated depicted the full collapse of the mechanism and the full extension. The results showed that AA 6061 and Ti6Al4V outperformed SS 316L with higher yield strength and factor of safety. Therefore, swivel plates made with AA 6061 and Ti6Al4V have higher yield strength than those made with SS 316L, adding to the advantage that they have a higher strength-to-weight ratio. From this analysis and known knowledge of the cost of these materials, the optimal replacement considering cost with yield strength is AA 6061. However, Ti6Al4V is a better alternative for the strength-to-weight ratio for SS 316L.
Published: 2024
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4. Numerical simulation of the nanofluid flow consists of gyrotactic microorganism and subject to activation energy across an inclined stretching cylinder

Author: Hakeem A. Othman, Bilal Ali, Sidra Jubair, Musawa Yahya Almusawa, and Sayed M. Aldin
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract The current study examines the numerical simulation of the nanoliquid boundary layer flow comprising gyrotactic microbes with mass and energy transmission across a stretching inclined cylinder. The consequences of chemical reaction, heat generation/absorption, buoyancy force and Arrhenius activation energy is also considered on the nanofluid flow. The flow mechanism has been modeled in the form of system of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs). That system of PDEs is further transform into the dimensionless set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) through the similarity substitutions. The obtained set of differential equations are numerically computed through the parametric continuation method (PCM). The effects of the distinct physical constraints on the energy, velocity, mass and the motile microbe profiles are discoursed and evaluated through Tables and Figures. It has been noticed that the velocity curve drops with the influence of inclination angle and Richardson number, while enhances against the variation of curvature factor. Furthermore, the energy field boosts with the upshot of inclination angle and heat source term, while declines with the influence of Prandtl number and Richardson number.
Published: 2023
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5. An Investigation into Electrolytes and Cathodes for Room-Temperature Sodium–Sulfur Batteries

Author: Hakeem Ademola Adeoye, Stephen Tennison, John F. Watts, and Constantina Lekakou
Subjects: Na-S batteries, liquid electrolytes, cathode hosts, activated carbon, hollow porous particles, room-temperature Na-S batteries, Production of electric energy or power. Powerplants. Central stations, TK1001-1841, Industrial electrochemistry, TP250-261
Abstract: In the pursuit of high energy density batteries beyond lithium, room-temperature (RT) sodium–sulfur (Na-S) batteries are studied, combining sulfur, as a high energy density active cathode material and a sodium anode considered to offer high energy density and very good standard potential. Different liquid electrolyte systems, including three different salts and two different solvents, are investigated in RT Na-S battery cells, on the basis of the solubility of sulfur and sulfides, specific capacity, and cyclability of the cells at different C-rates. Two alternative cathode host materials are explored: A bimodal pore size distribution activated carbon host AC MSC30 and a highly conductive carbon host of hollow particles with porous particle walls. An Na-S cell with a cathode coating with 44 wt% sulfur in the AC MSC30 host and the electrolyte 1M NaFSI in DOL/DME exhibited a specific capacity of 435 mAh/gS but poor cyclability. An Na-S cell with a cathode coating with 44 wt% sulfur in the host of hollow porous particles and the electrolyte 1M NaTFSI in TEGDME exhibited a specific capacity of 688 mAh/gS.
Published: 2024
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6. Sustainable intensification technologies and farm performance: evidence from smallholder sorghum farmers in Nigeria

Author: Amadu Yaya Kamara, Oyakhilomen Oyinbo, Hakeem A. Ajeigbe, Ezekiel O. Idowu, and Chris Ojiewo
Subjects: Adoption, Good agronomic practices, Improved varieties, Multinomial endogenous switching regression, Sorghum, Sustainable intensification, Agriculture
Abstract: ABSTRACTThe empirical literature on plot-level adoption of sustainable intensification technologies (SITs), as a package comprising improved crop varieties and good agronomic management practices is thin for dryland crops, such as sorghum. In this paper, we analyze the adoption and impacts of SITs on sorghum yield and net revenue using data from a sample of 1680 households and 3310 plots in the sorghum belt of Nigeria. Our estimates are based on a multinomial endogenous switching regression, which accounts for observable and unobservable sources of selection bias. We find a relatively low joint adoption of both improved sorghum varieties and good agronomic practices. In addition, we find that the adoption of only improved sorghum varieties and the joint adoption of both improved sorghum varieties and good agronomic practices led to a 56 and 102% increase in sorghum yield, respectively, and an 88 and 82% increase in net revenue, respectively. The yield and net revenue effects indicate that there are considerable missing opportunities that sorghum-producing households can harness through the adoption of SITs. Our findings reveal that policies tailored towards promoting the widespread adoption of SITs can lead to considerable productivity gains and economic returns for smallholder sorghum farmers towards improving their welfare.
Published: 2023
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7. Analysis of Monkeypox viral infection with human to animal transmission via a fractional and Fractal-fractional operators with power law kernel

Author: Alia M. Alzubaidi, Hakeem A. Othman, Saif Ullah, Nisar Ahmad, and Mohammad Mahtab Alam
Subjects: monkeypox mathematical model, fractal-fractional caputo operator, existence and uniqueness, numerical results, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Mathematics, QA1-939
Abstract: Monkeypox (MPX) is a global public health concern. This infectious disease affects people all over the world, not just those in West and Central Africa. Various approaches have been used to study epidemiology, the source of infection, and patterns of transmission of MPX. In this article, we analyze the dynamics of MPX using a fractional mathematical model with a power law kernel. The human-to-animal transmission is considered in the model formulation. The fractional model is further reformulated via a generalized fractal-fractional differential operator in the Caputo sense. The basic mathematical including the existence and uniqueness of both fractional and fractal-fractional problems are provided using fixed points theorems. A numerical scheme for the proposed model is obtained using an efficient iterative method. Moreover, detailed simulation results are shown for different fractional orders in the first stage. Finally, a number of graphical results of fractal-fractional MPX transmission models are presented showing the combined effect of fractal and fractional orders on model dynamics. The resulting simulations conclude that the new fractal-fractional operator added more biological insight into the dynamics of illness.
Published: 2023
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8. Some new concepts in fuzzy calculus for up and down λ-convex fuzzy-number valued mappings and related inequalities

Author: Muhammad Bilal Khan, Hakeem A. Othman, Gustavo Santos-García, Muhammad Aslam Noor, and Mohamed S. Soliman
Subjects: fuzzy-number valued mappings, fuzzy integrals, up and down λ-convex fuzzy-number valued mappings, fuzzy hermite-hadamard type inequalities, Mathematics, QA1-939
Abstract: In recent years, numerous scholars have investigated the relationship between symmetry and generalized convexity. Due to this close relationship, generalized convexity and symmetry have become new areas of study in the field of inequalities. With the help of fuzzy up and down relation, the class of up and down λ-convex fuzzy-number valued mappings is introduced in this study; and weighted Hermite-Hadamard type fuzzy inclusions are demonstrated for these functions. The product of two up and down λ-convex fuzzy-number valued mappings also has Hermite-Hadamard type fuzzy inclusions, which is another development. Additionally, by imposing some mild restrictions on up and down λ-convex (λ-concave) fuzzy number valued mappings, we have introduced two new significant classes of fuzzy number valued up and down λ-convexity (λ-concavity), referred to as lower up and down λ-convex (lower up and down λ-concave) and upper up and down λ-convex (λ-concave) fuzzy number valued mappings. Using these definitions, we have amassed many classical and novel exceptional cases that implement the key findings. Our proven results expand and generalize several previous findings in the literature body. Additionally, we offer appropriate examples to corroborate our theoretical findings.
Published: 2023
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9. Long-term microglia depletion impairs synapse elimination and auditory brainstem function

Author: Sima M. Chokr, Giedre Milinkeviciute, Gisselle A. Jimenez, Hakeem Abubakr, and Karina S. Cramer
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract Specialized sound localization circuit development requires synapse strengthening, refinement, and pruning. Many of these functions are carried out by microglia, immune cells that aid in regulating neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, apoptosis, and synaptic removal. We previously showed that postnatal treatment with BLZ945 (BLZ), an inhibitor of colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), eliminates microglia in the brainstem and disables calyceal pruning and maturation of astrocytes in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB). BLZ treatment results in elevated hearing thresholds and delayed signal propagation as measured by auditory brainstem responses (ABR). However, when microglia repopulate the brain following the cessation of BLZ, most of the deficits are repaired. It is unknown whether this recovery is achievable without the return of microglia. Here, we induced sustained microglial elimination with a two-drug approach using BLZ and PLX5622 (PLX). We found that BLZ/PLX treated mice had impaired calyceal pruning, diminished astrocytic GFAP in the lateral, low frequency, region of MNTB, and elevated glycine transporter 2 (GLYT2) levels. BLZ/PLX treated mice had elevated hearing thresholds, diminished peak amplitudes, and altered latencies and inter-peak latencies. These findings suggest that microglia are required to repopulate the brain in order to rectify deficits from their ablation.
Published: 2022
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10. Exploring the cost-effectiveness of high versus low perioperative fraction of inspired oxygen in the prevention of surgical site infections among abdominal surgery patients in three low- and middle-income countries

Author: Mwayi Kachapila, Mark Monahan, Adesoji O. Ademuyiwa, Yakubu Momohsani Adinoyi, Bruce M. Biccard, Christina George, Dhruva N. Ghosh, James Glasbey, Dion G. Morton, Osaheni Osayomwanbo, Rupert Pearse, Tracy E. Roberts, Atul Suroy, Saidu Yusuf Yakubu, Raymond Oppong, Aneel Bhangu, Maria Lorena Aguilera, Philip Alexander, Sara W. Al-Saqqa, Giuliano Borda-Luque, Ainhoa Costas-Chavarri, Thomas M. Drake, Faustin Ntirenganya, J. Edward Fitzgerald, Stuart J. Fergusson, J.C. Allen Ingabire, Lawani Ismaïl, Hosni Khairy Salem, Anyomih Theophilus Teddy Kojo, Marie Carmela Lapitan, Richard Lilford, Andre L. Mihaljevic, Dion Morton, Alphonse Zeta Mutabazi, Dmitri Nepogodiev, Adewale O. Adisa, Riinu Ots, Francesco Pata, Thomas Pinkney, Tomas Poškus, Ahmad Uzair Qureshi, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Sarah Rayne, Catherine A. Shaw, Sebastian Shu, Richard Spence, Neil Smart, Stephen Tabiri, Ewen M. Harrison, Azmina Verjee, Emmy Runigamugabo, Chetan Khatri, Midhun Mohan, Zahra Jaffry, Afnan Altamini, Andrew Kirby, Kjetil Søreide, Gustavo Recinos, Jen Cornick, Maria Marta Modolo, Dushyant Iyer, Sebastian King, Tom Arthur, Sayeda Nazmum Nahar, Ade Waterman, Michael Walsh, Arnav Agarwal, Augusto Zani, Mohammed Firdouse, Tyler Rouse, Qinyang Liu, Juan Camilo Correa, Peep Talving, Mengistu Worku, Alexis Arnaud, Vassilis Kalles, Basant Kumar, Sunil Kumar, Radhian Amandito, Roy Quek, Luca Ansaloni, Ahmed Altibi, Donatas Venskutonis, Justas Zilinskas, Tomas Poskus, John Whitaker, Vanessa Msosa, Yong Yong Tew, Alexia Farrugia, Elaine Borg, Zineb Bentounsi, Tanzeela Gala, Ibrahim Al-Slaibi, Haya Tahboub, Osaid H. Alser, Diego Romani, Sebestian Shu, Piotr Major, Aurel Mironescu, Matei Bratu, Amar Kourdouli, Aliyu Ndajiwo, Abdulaziz Altwijri, Mohammed Ubaid Alsaggaf, Ahmad Gudal, Al Faifi Jubran, Sam Seisay, Bettina Lieske, Irene Ortega, Jenifa Jeyakumar, Kithsiri J. Senanayake, Omar Abdulbagi, Yucel Cengiz, Dmitri Raptis, Yuksel Altinel, Chia Kong, Ella Teasdale, Gareth Irwin, Michael Stoddart, Rakan Kabariti, Sukrit Suresh, Katherine Gash, Ragavan Narayanan, Mayaba Maimbo, Besmir Grizhja, Shpetim Ymeri, Gezim Galiqi, Roberto Klappenbach, Diego Antezana, Alvaro Enrique Mendoza Beleño, Cecilia Costa, Belen Sanchez, Susan Aviles, Claudio Gabriel Fermani, Rubén Balmaceda, Santiago Villalobos, Juan Manuel Carmona, Daniel Hamill, Peter Deutschmann, Simone Sandler, Daniel Cox, Ram Nataraja, Claire Sharpin, Damir Ljuhar, Demi Gray, Morgan Haines, Dush Iyer, Nithya Niranjan, Scott D'Amours, Morvarid Ashtari, Helena Franco, Ashrarur Rahman Mitul, Sabbir Karim, Nowrin F. Aman, Mahnuma Mahfuz Estee, Umme Salma, Joyeta Razzaque, Tasnia Hamid Kanta, Sayeeda Aktar Tori, Shadid Alamin, Swapnil Roy, Shadid Al Amin, Rezaul Karim, Muhtarima Haque, Amreen Faruq, Farhana Iftekhar, Margaret O'Shea, Greg Padmore, Ramesh Jonnalagadda, Andrey Litvin, Aliaksandr Filatau, Dzmitry Paulouski, Maryna Shubianok, Tatsiana Shachykava, Dzianis Khokha, Vladimir Khokha, Fernande Djivoh, Francis Dossou, Djifid Morel Seto, Dansou Gaspard Gbessi, Bruno Noukpozounkou, Yacoubou Imorou Souaibou, Kpèmahouton René Keke, Fred Hodonou, Ernest Yemalin Stephane Ahounou, Thierry Alihonou, Max Dénakpo, Germain Ahlonsou, Alemayehu Ginbo Bedada, Carlos Nsengiyumva, Sandrine Kwizera, Venerand Barendegere, Philip Choi, Simon Stock, Luai Jamal, Georges Azzie, Sameer Kushwaha, Tzu-Ling Chen, Chingwan Yip, Irene Montes, Felipe Zapata, Sebastian Sierra, Maria Isabel Villegas Lanau, Maria Clara Mendoza Arango, Ivan Mendoza Restrepo, Ruben Santiago Restrepo Giraldo, Edgar Domini, Robert Karlo, Jakov Mihanovic, Mohamed Youssef, Hossam Elfeki, Waleed Thabet, Aly Sanad, Gehad Tawfik, Ahmed Zaki, Noran Abdel-Hameed, Mohamed Mostafa, Muhammad Fathi Waleed Omar, Ahmed Ghanem, Emad Abdallah, Adel Denewar, Eman Emara, Eman Rashad, Ahmad Sakr, Rehab Elashry, Sameh Emile, Toqa Khafagy, Sara Elhamouly, Arwa Elfarargy, Amna Mamdouh Mohamed, Ghada Saied Nagy, Abeer Esam, Eman Elwy, Aya Hammad, Salwa Khallaf, Eman Ibrahim, Ahmed Saidbadr, Ahmed Moustafa, Amany Eldosouky Mohammed, Mohammed Elgheriany, Eman Abdelmageed, Eman Abd Al Raouf, Esraa Samir Elbanby, Maha Elmasry, Mahitab Morsy Farahat, Eman Yahya Mansor, Eman Magdy Hegazy, Esraa Gamal, Heba Gamal, Hend Kandil, Doaa Maher Abdelrouf, Mohamed Moaty, Dina Gamal, Nada El-Sagheer, Mohamed Salah, Salma Magdy, Asmaa Salah, Ahmed Essam, Ahmed Ali, Mahmoud Badawy, Sara Ahmed, Mazed Mohamed, Abdelrahman Assal, Mohamed Sleem, Mai Ebidy, Aly Abd Elrazek, Diaaaldin Zahran, Nourhan Adam, Mohamed Nazir, Adel B. Hassanein, Ahmed Ismail, Amira Elsawy, Rana Mamdouh, Mohamed Mabrouk, Lopna Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed, Mohamed Hassab Alnaby, Eman Magdy, Manar Abd-Elmawla, Marwan Fahim, Bassant Mowafy, Moustafa Ibrahim Mahmoud, Meran Allam, Muhammad Alkelani, Noran Halim El Gendy, Mariam Saad Aboul-Naga, Reham Alaa El-Din, Alyaa Halim Elgendy, Mohamed Ismail, Mahmoud Shalaby, Aya Adel Elsharkawy, Mahmoud Elsayed Moghazy, Khaled Hesham Elbisomy, Hend Adel Gawad Shakshouk, Mohamed Fouad Hamed, Mai Mohamed Ebidy, Mostafa Abdelkader, Mohamed Karkeet, Hayam Ahmed, Israa Adel, Mohammad Elsayed Omar, Mohamed Ibrahim, Omar Ghoneim, Omar Hesham, Shimaa Gamal, Karim Hilal, Omar Arafa, Sawsan Adel Awad, Menatalla Salem, Fawzia Abdellatif Elsherif, Nourhan Elsabbagh, Moustafa R. Aboelsoud, Ahmed Hossam Eldin Fouad Rida, Amr Hossameldin, Ethar Hany, Yomna Hosny Asar, Nourhan Anwar, Mohamed Gadelkarim, Samar Abdelhady, Eman Mohamed Morshedy, Reham Saad, Nourhan Soliman, Mahmoud Salama, Eslam Ezzat, Arwa Mohamed, Arwa Ibrahim, Alaa Fergany, Sara Mohammed, Aya Reda, Yomna Allam, Hanan Adel Saad, Afnan Abdelfatah, Aya Mohamed Fathy, Ahmed El-Sehily, Esraa Abdalmageed Kasem, Ahmed Tarek Abdelbaset Hassan, Ahmed Rabeih Mohammed, Abdalla Gamal Saad, Yasmin Elfouly, Nesma Elfouly, Arij Ibrahim, Amr Hassaan, Mohammed Mustafa Mohammed, Ghada Elhoseny, Mohamed Magdy, Esraa Abd Elkhalek, Yehia Zakaria, Tarek Ezzat, Ali Abo El Dahab, Mohamed Kelany, Sara Arafa, Osama Mokhtar Mohamed Hassan, Nermin Mohamed Badwi, Ahmad Saber Sleem, Hussien Ahmed, Kholoud Abdelbadeai, Mohamed Abozed Abdullah, Muhammad Amsyar Auni Lokman, Suraya Bahar, Anan Rady Abdelazeam, Abdelrahman Adelshone, Muhammad Bin Hasnan, Athirah Zulkifli, Siti Nur Alia Kamarulzamil, Abdelaziz Elhendawy, Aliang Latif, Ahmad Bin Adnan, Shahadatul Shaharuddin, Aminah Hanum Haji Abdul Majid, Mahmoud Amreia, Dina Al-Marakby, Mahmoud Salma, Mohamad Jeffrey Bin Ismail, Elissa Rifhan Mohd Basir, Citra Dewi, Mohd Ali, Aya Yehia Ata, Maha Nasr, Asmaa Rezq, Ahmed Sheta, Sherif Tariq, Abd Elkhalek Sallam, Abdelrhman K.Z. Darwish, Sohaila Elmihy, Shady Elhadry, Ahmed Farag, Haidar Hajeh, Abdelaziz Abdelaal, Amro Aglan, Ahmed Zohair, Mahitab Essam, Omar Moussa, Esraa El-Gizawy, Mostafa Samy, Safia Ali, Esraa Elhalawany, Ahmed Ata, Mohamed El Halawany, Mohamed Nashat, Samar Soliman, Alaa Elazab, Mostada Samy, Mohamed A. Abdelaziz, Khaled Ibrahim, Ahmed mohamed Ibrahim, Ammar Gado, Usama Hantour, Esraa Alm Eldeen, Mohamed Reda loaloa, Arwa Abouzaid, Mostafa Ahmed Bahaa Eldin, Eman Hashad, Fathy Sroor, Doaa Gamil, Eman Mahmoud Abdulhakeem, Mahmoud Zakaria, Fawzy Mohamed, Marwan Abubakr, Elsayed Ali, Hesham Magdy, Menna Tallah Ramadan, Mohamed Abdelaty Mohamed, Salma Mansour, Hager Abdul Aziz Amin, Ahmed Rabie Mohamed, Mahmoud Saami, Nada Ahmed Reda Elsayed, Adham Tarek, Sabry Mohy Eldeen Mahmoud, Islam Magdy El Sayed, Amira Reda, Martina Yusuf Shawky, Mohammed Mousa Salem, Shahinaz Alaa El-Din, Noha Abdullah Soliman, Muhammed Talaat, Shahinaz Alaael-Dein, Ahmed Abd Elmoen Elhusseiny, Noha Abdullah, Mohammed Elshaar, Aya AbdelFatah Ibraheem, Hager Abdulaziz, Mohammed Kamal Ismail, Mona Hamdy Madkor, Mohamed Abdelaty, Sara Mahmoud Abdel-Kader, Osama Mohamed Salah, Mahmoud Eldafrawy, Ahmed Zaki Eldeeb, Mostafa Mahmoud Eid, Attia Attia, Khalid Salah El-Dien, Ayman Shwky, Mohamed Adel Badenjki, Abdelrahman Soliman, Samaa Mahmoud Al Attar, Farrag Sayed, Fahd Abdel Sabour, Mohammed G. Azizeldine, Muhammad Shawqi, Abdullah Hashim, Ahmed Aamer, Ahmed Mahmoud Abdelraouf, Mahmoud Abdelshakour, Amal Ibrahim, Basma Mahmoud, Mohamed Ali Mahmoud, Mostafa Qenawy, Ahmed M. Rashed, Ahmed Dahy, Marwa Sayed, Ahmed W. Shamsedine, Bakeer Mohamed, Ahmad Hasan, Mahmoud M. Saad, Khalil Abdul Bassit, Nadia Khalid Abd El-Latif, Nada Elzahed, Ahmed El Kashash, Nada Mohamed Bekhet, Sarah Hafez, Ahmed Gad, Mahmoud Elkhadragy Maher, Ahmed Abd Elsameea, Mohamed Hafez, Ahmad Sabe, Ataa Ahmed, Ahmed Shahine, Khaled Dawood, Shireen Gaafar, Reem Husseiny, Omnia Aboelmagd, Ahmed Soliman, Nourhan Mesbah, Hossam Emadeldin, Amgad Al Meligy, Amira Hassan Bekhet, Doaa Hasan, Khaled Alhady, Ahmad Khaled Sabe, Mahmoud A. Elnajjar, Majed Aboelella, Ward Hamsho, Ihab Hassan, Hala Saad, Galaleldin Abdelazim, Hend Mahmoud, Noha Wael, Ahmedali M. Kandil, Ahmed Magdy, Shimaa Said Elkholy, Badr Eldin Adel, Kareem Dabbour, Saged Elsherbiney, Omar Mattar, Abdulshafi Khaled Abdrabou, Mohammed Yahia Mohamed Aly, Abdelrahman Geuoshy, Ahmedglal Elnagar, Saraibrahim Ahmed, Ibrahem Abdelmotaleb, Amr Ahmed Saleh, Manar Saeed, Shady Mahmoud, Badreldin Adel Tawfik, Samar Adel Ismail, Esraay Zakaria, Mariam O. Gad, Mohamed Salah Elhelbawy, Monica Bassem, Noha Maraie, Nourhan Medhat Elhadary, Nourhan Semeda, Shaza Rabie Mohamed, Hesham Mohammed Bakry, A.A. Essam, Dina Tarek, Khlood Ashour, Alaa Elhadad, Abdulrahman Abdel-Aty, Ibrahim Rakha, Sara Mamdouh Matter, Rasha Abdelhamed, Omar Abdelkader, Ayat Hassaan, Yasmin Soliman, Amna Mohamed, Sara Ghanem, Sara Amr Mohamed Farouk, Eman Mohamed Ibrahim, Esraa El-Taher, Merna Mostafa, Mohamed Fawzy Mahrous Badr, Rofida Elsemelawy, Aya El-Sawy, Ahmad Bakr, Ahmad Abdel Razaq Al Rafati, Sten Saar, Arvo Reinsoo, Nebyou Seyoum, Tewodros Worku, Agazi Fitsum, Matti Tolonen, Ari Leppäniemi, Ville Sallinen, Benoît Parmentier, Matthieu Peycelon, Sabine Irtan, Sabrina Dardenne, Elsa Robert, Betty Maillot, Etienne Courboin, Alexis Pierre Arnaud, Juliette Hascoet, Olivier Abbo, Amir Ait Kaci, Thomas Prudhomme, Quentin Ballouhey, Céline Grosos, Laurent Fourcade, Tolg Cecilia, Colombani Jean-Francois, Francois-Coridon Helene, Xavier Delforge, Elodie Haraux, Bertrand Dousset, Roberto Schiavone, Sebastien Gaujoux, Jean-Baptiste Marret, Aurore Haffreingue, Julien Rod, Mariette Renaux-Petel, Jean-François Lecompte, Jean Bréaud, Pauline Gastaldi, Chouikh Taieb, Raquillet Claire, Echaieb Anis, Nasir Bustangi, Manuel Lopezv, Aurelien Scalabre, Maria Giovanna Grella, Aurora Mariani, Guillaume Podevin, Françoise Schmitt, Erik Hervieux, Aline Broch, Cecile Muller, Dickson Bandoh, Francis Abantanga, Martin Kyereh, Hamza Asumah, Eric Kofi Appiah, Paul Wondoh, Adam Gyedu, Charles Dally, Kwabena Agbedinu, Michael Amoah, Abiboye Yifieyeh, Frank Owusu, Mabel Amoako-Boateng, Makafui Dayie, Richmond Hagan, Sam Debrah, Micheal Ohene-Yeboah, Joe-Nat Clegg-Lampety, Victor Etwire, Jonathan Dakubo, Samuel Essoun, William Bonney, Hope Glover-Addy, Samuel Osei-Nketiah, Joachim Amoako, Niiarmah Adu-Aryee, William Appeadu-Mensah, Antoinette Bediako-Bowan, Florence Dedey, Mattew Ekow, Emmanuel Akatibo, Musah Yakubu, Hope Edem Kofi Kordorwu, Kwasi Asare-Bediako, Enoch Tackie, Kenneth Aaniana, Emmanuel Acquah, Richard Opoku-Agyeman, Anthony Avoka, Kwasi Kusi, Kwame Maison, Frank Enoch Gyamfi, Gandau Naa Barnabas, Saiba Abdul-Latif, Philip Taah Amoako, Anthony Davor, Victor Dassah, Enoch Dagoe, Prince Kwakyeafriyie, Elliot Akoto, Eric Ackom, Ekow Mensah, Ebenezer Takyi Atkins, Christian Lari Coompson, Nikolaos Ivros, Christoforos Ferousis, Vasileios Kalles, Christos Agalianos, Ioannis Kyriazanos, Christos Barkolias, Angelos Tselos, Georgios Tzikos, Evangelos Voulgaris, Dimitrios Lytras, Athanasia Bamicha, Kyriakos Psarianos, Anastasios Stefanopoulos, Ioannis Patoulias, Dimitrios Sfougaris, Ioannis Valioulis, Dimitrios Balalis, Dimitrios Korkolis, Dimitrios K. Manatakis, Georgios Kyrou, Georgios Karabelias, Iason-Antonios Papaskarlatos, Kolonia Konstantina, Nikolaos Zampitis, Stylianos Germanos, Aspasia Papailia, Theodosios Theodosopoulos, Georgios Gkiokas, Magdalini Mitroudi, Christina Panteli, Thomas Feidantsis, Konstantinos Farmakis, Dimitrios Kyziridis, Orestis Ioannidis, Styliani Parpoudi, Georgios Gemenetzis, Stavros Parasyris, Christos Anthoulakis, Nikolaos Nikoloudis, Michail Margaritis, Maria-Lorena Aguilera-Arevalo, Otto Coyoy-Gaitan, Javier Rosales, Luis Tale, Rafael Soley, Emmanuel Barrios, Servio Tulio Torres Rodriguez, Carlos Paz Galvez, Danilo Herrera Cruz, Guillermo Sanchez Rosenberg, Alejandro Matheu, David Monterroso Cohen, Marie Paul, Angeline Charles, Justin Chak Yiu Lam, Man Hon Andrew Yeung, Chi Ying Jacquelyn Fok, Ka Hin Gabriel Li, Anthony Chuk-Him Lai, Yuk Hong Eric Cheung, Hong Yee Wong, Ka Wai Leung, Tien Seng Bryan Lee, Wai Him Lam, Weihei Dao, Stephanie Hiu-wai Kwok, Tsz-Yan Katie Chan, Yung Kok Ng, T.W.C. Mak, Chi Chung Foo, James Yang, Ankur Bhatnagar, Vijaid Upadhyaya, Uday Muddebihal, Wasim Dar, K.C. Janardha, Neerav Aruldas, Fidelis Jacklyn Adella, Anthonius Santoso Rulie, Ferdy Iskandar, Jonny Setiawan, Cicilia Viany Evajelista, Hani Natalie, Arlindawati Suyadi, Rudy Gunawan, Herlin Karismaningtyas, Lusi Padma Sulistianingsih Mata, Ferry Fitriya Ayu Andika, Afifatun Hasanah, T. Ariani Widiastini, Nurlaila Ayu Purwaningsih, Annisa Dewi Fitriana Mukin, Dina Faizatur Rahmah, Hazmi Dwinanda Nurqistan, Hasbi Maulana Arsyad, Novia Adhitama, Wifanto Saditya Jeo, Nathania Sutandi, Audrey Clarissa, Phebe Anggita Gultom, Matthew Billy, Andreass Haloho, Nadya Johanna, Felix Lee, Radin Mohd Nurrahman Radin Dorani, Martha Glynn, Mohammad Alherz, Wennweoi Goh, Haaris A. Shiwani, Lorraine Sproule, Kevin C. Conlon, Miklosh Bala, Asaf Kedar, Luca Turati, Federica Bianco, Francesca Steccanella, Gaetano Gallo, Mario Trompetto, Giuseppe Clerico, Matteo Papandrea, Giuseppe Sammarco, Rosario Sacco, Angelo Benevento, Luisa Giavarini, Mariano Cesare Giglio, Luigi Bucci, Gianluca Pagano, Viviana Sollazzo, Roberto Peltrini, Gaetano Luglio, Arianna Birindelli, Salomone Di Saverio, Gregorio Tugnoli, Miguel Angel Paludi, Pietro Mingrone, Domenica Pata, Francesco Selvaggi, Lucio Selvaggi, Gianluca Pellino, Natale Di Martino, Gianluca Curletti, Paolo Aonzo, Raffaele Galleano, Stefano Berti, Elisa Francone, Silvia Boni, Laura Lorenzon, Annalisa lo Conte, Genoveffa Balducci, Gianmaria Confalonieri, Giovanni Pesenti, Laura Gavagna, Giorgio Vasquez, Simone Targa, Savino Occhionorelli, Dario Andreotti, Giacomo Pata, Andrea Armellini, Deborah Chiesa, Fabrizio Aquilino, Nicola Chetta, Arcangelo Picciariello, Mohamed Abdelkhalek, Andrea Belli, Silvia De Franciscis, Annamaria Bigaran, Alessandro Favero, Stefano M.M. Basso, Paola Salusso, Martina Perino, Sylvie Mochet, Diego Sasia, Francesco Riente, Marco Migliore, David Merlini, Silvia Basilicò, Carlo Corbellini, Veronica Lazzari, Yuri Macchitella, Luigi Bonavina, Daniele Angelieri, Diego Coletta, Federica Falaschi, Marco Catani, Claudia Reali, Mariastella Malavenda, Celeste Del Basso, Sergio Ribaldi, Massimo Coletti, Andrea Natili, Norma Depalma, Immacolata Iannone, Angelo Antoniozzi, Davide Rossi, Daniele Gui, Gerardo Perrotta, Matteo Ripa, Francesco Ruben Giardino, Maurizio Foco, Erika Vicario, Federico Coccolini, Gabriela Elisa Nita, Nicoletta Leone, Andrea Bondurri, Anna Maffioli, Andrea Simioni, Davide De Boni, Sandro Pasquali, Elena Goldin, Elena Vendramin, Eleonora Ciccioli, Umberto Tedeschi, Luca Bortolasi, Paola Violi, Tommaso Campagnaro, Simone Conci, Giovanni Lazzari, Calogero Iacono, Alfredo Gulielmi, Serena Manfreda, Anna Rinaldi, Maria Novella Ringressi, Beatrice Brunoni, Giuseppe Salamone, Mirko Mangiapane, Paolino De Marco, Antonella La Brocca, Roberta Tutino, Vania Silvestri, Leo Licari, Tommaso Fontana, Nicolò Falco, Gianfranco Cocorullo, Mostafa Shalaby, Pierpaolo Sileri, Claudio Arcudi, Isam Bsisu, Khaled Aljboor, Lana Abusalem, Aseel Alnusairat, Ahmad Qaissieh, Emad Al-Dakka, Ali Ababneh, Oday Halhouli, Taha Yusufali, Hussein Mohammed, Justus Lando, Robert Parker, Wairimu Ndegwa, Mantas Jokubauskas, Jolanta Gribauskaite, Justas Kuliavas, Audrius Dulskas, Narimantas E. Samalavicius, Kristijonas Jasaitis, Audrius Parseliunas, Viktorija Nevieraite, Margarita Montrimaite, Evelina Slapelyte, Edvinas Dainius, Romualdas Riauka, Zilvinas Dambrauskas, Andrejus Subocius, Linas Venclauskas, Antanas Gulbinas, Saulius Bradulskis, Simona Kasputyte, Deimante Mikuckyte, Mindaugas Kiudelis, Tomas Jankus, Steponas Petrikenas, Matas Pažuskis, Zigmantas Urniežius, Mantas Vilčinskas, Vincas Jonas Banaitis, Vytautas Gaižauskas, Edvard Grisin, Povilas Mazrimas, Rokas Rackauskas, Mantas Drungilas, Karolis Lagunavicius, Vytautas Lipnickas, Dovilè Majauskyté, Valdemaras Jotautas, Tomas Abaliksta, Laimonas Uščinas, Gintaras Simutis, Adomas Ladukas, Donatas Danys, Erikas Laugzemys, Saulius Mikalauskas, Elena Zdanyte Sruogiene, Petras Višinskas, Reda Žilinskienė, Deividas Dragatas, Andrius Burmistrovas, Zygimantas Tverskis, Arturas Vaicius, Ruta Mazelyte, Antanas Zadoroznas, Nerijus Kaselis, Greta Žiubrytė, Finaritra Casimir Fleur Prudence Rahantasoa, Luc Hervé Samison, Fanjandrainy Rasoaherinomenjanahary, Todisoa Emmanuella Christina Tolotra, Cornelius Mukuzunga, Chimwemwe Kwatiwani, Nelson Msiska, Feng Yih Chai, Siti Mohd Desa Asilah, Khuzaimah Zahid Syibrah, Pui Xin Chin, Afizah Salleh, Nur Zulaika Riswan, April Camilla Roslani, Hoong-Yin Chong, Nora Abdul Aziz, Keat-Seong Poh, Chu-Ann Chai, Sandip Kumar, Mustafa Mohammed Taher, Nik Ritza Kosai, Dayang Nita Abdul Aziz, Reynu Rajan, Rokayah Julaihi, Durvesh Lacthman Jethwani, Muhammad Taqiyuddin Yahaya, Nik Azim Nik Abdullah, Susan Wndy Mathew, Kuet Jun Chung, Milaksh Kumar Nirumal, R. Goh Ern Tze, Syed Abdul Wahhab Eusoffee Wan Ali, Yiing Yee Gan, Jesse Ron Swire Ting, Samuel S.Y. Sii, Kean Leong Koay, Yi Koon Tan, Alvin Ee Zhiun Cheah, Chui Yee Wong, Tuan Nur'Azmah Tuan Mat, Crystal Yern Nee Chow, Prisca A.L. Har, Yishan Der, Fitjerald Henry, Xinwei Low, Ya Theng Neo, Hian Ee Heng, Shu Ning Kong, Cheewei Gan, Yi Ting Mok, Yee Wen Tan, Kandasami Palayan, Mahadevan Deva Tata, Yih Jeng Cheong, Kuhaendran Gunaseelan, Wan Nurul 'Ain Wan Mohd Nasir, Pigeneswaren Yoganathan, Eu Xian Lee, Jian Er Saw, Li Jing Yeang, Pei Ying Koh, Shyang Yee Lim, Shuang Yi Teo, Nicole Grech, Daniela Magri, Kristina Cassar, Christine Mizzi, Malcolm Falzon, Nihaal Shaikh, Ruth Scicluna, Stefan Zammit, Sean Mizzi, Svetlana Doris Brincat, Thelma Tembo, Vu Thanh Hien Le, Tara Grima, Keith Sammut, Kurt Carabott, Ciskje Zarb, Andre Navarro, Thea Dimech, Georgette Marie Camilleri, Isaac Bertuello, Jeffrey Dalli, Karl Bonavia, Samantha Corro-Diaz, Marisol Manriquez-Reyes, Amina Abdelhamid, Abdelmalek Hrora, Sarah Benammi, Houda Bachri, Meryem Abbouch, Khaoula Boukhal, Redouane Mammar Bennai, Abdelkader Belkouchi, Mohamed Sobhi Jabal, Chaymae Benyaiche, Maarten Vermaas, Lucia Duinhouwer, Javier Pastora, Greta Wood, Maria Soledad Merlo, Akinlabi Ajao, Omobolaji Ayandipo, Taiwo Lawal, Abdussemiu Abdurrazzaaq, Muslimat Alada, Abdulrasheed Nasir, James Adeniran, Olufemi Habeeb, Ademola Popoola, Ademola Adeyeye, Ademola Adebanjo, Opeoluwa Adesanya, Adewale Adeniyi, Henry Mendel, Bashir Bello, Umar Muktar, Adedapo Osinowo, Thomas Olagboyega Olajide, Oyindamola Oshati, George Ihediwa, Babajide Adenekan, Victor Nwinee, Felix Alakaloko, Adesoji Ademuyiwa, Olumide Elebute, Abdulrazzaq Lawal, Chris Bode, Mojolaoluwa Olugbemi, Alaba Adesina, Olubukola Faturoti, Oluwatomi Odutola, Oluwaseyi Adebola, Clement Onuoha, Ogechukwu Taiwo, Omolara Williams, Fatai Balogun, Olalekan Ajai, Mobolaji Oludara, Iloba Njokanma, Roland Osuoji, Stephen Kache, Jonathan Ajah, Jerry Makama, Ahmed Adamu, Suleiman Baba, Mohammad Aliyu, Shamsudeen Aliyu, Yahaya Ukwenya, Halima Aliyu, Tunde Sholadoye, Muhammad Daniyan, Oluseyi Ogunsua, Lofty-John Anyanwu, Abdurrahaman Sheshe, Aminu Mohammad, Samson Olori, Philip Mshelbwala, Babatunde Odeyemi, Garba Samson, Oyediran Kehinde Timothy, Sani Ali Samuel, Anthony Ajiboye, Isaac Amole, Olajide Abiola, Akin Olaolorun, Torhild Veen, Arezo Kanani, Kristian Styles, Ragnar Herikstad, Johannes Wiik Larsen, Jon Arne Søreide, Elisabeth Jensen, Mads Gran, Eirik Kjus Aahlin, Tina Gaarder, Peter Wiel Monrad-Hansen, Pål Aksel Næss, Giedrius Lauzikas, Joachim Wiborg, Silje Holte, Knut Magne Augestad, Gurpreet Singh Banipal, Michela Monteleone, Thomas Tetens Moe, Johannes Kurt Schultz, Taher Al-Taher, Ayah Hamdan, Ayman Salman, Rana Saadeh, Aseel Musleh, Dana Jaradat, Soha Abushamleh, Sakhaa Hanoun, Amjad Abu Qumbos, Aseel Hamarshi, Ayman, Taher, Israa Qawasmi, Khalid Qurie, Marwa Altarayra, Mohammad Ghannam, Alaa Shaheen, Azher Herebat, Aram Abdelhaq, Ahmad Shalabi, Maram Abu-Toyour, Fatema Asi, Ala Shamasneh, Anwar Atiyeh, Mousa Mustafa, Rula Zaa'treh, Majd Dabboor, Enas Alaloul, Heba Baraka, Jehad Meqbil, Alaa Al-Buhaisi, Mohamedraed Elshami, Samah Afana, Sahar Jaber, Said Alyacoubi, Yousef Abuowda, Tasneem Idress, Eman Abuqwaider, Sara Al-Saqqa, Alaa Bowabsak, Alaa El Jamassi, Doaa Hasanain, Hadeel Al-Farram, Maram Salah, Aya Firwana, Marwa Hamdan, Israa Awad, Ahmad Ashour, Fayez Elian Al Barrawi, Ahmed Al-Khatib, Maha Al-Faqawi, Mohamed Fares, Amjad Elmashala, Mohammad Adawi, Ihdaa Adawi, Reem Khreishi, Rose Khreishi, Ahed Ghaben, Najwa Nadeem, Muhammad Saqlain, Jibran Abbasy, Abdul Rehman Alvi, Noman Shahzad, Kamran Faisal Bhopal, Zainab Iftikhar, Muhammad Talha Butt, Syed Asaat Ul Razi, Asdaq Ahmed, Ali Khan Niazi, Ibrahim Raza, Fatima Baluch, Ahmed Raza, Ahmad Bani-Sadar, Muhammad Adil, Awais Raza, Mahnoor Javaid, Muhammad Waqar, Maryam Ali Khan, Mohammad Mohsin Arshad, Mohammadasim Amjad, Gustavo Miguel Machain Vega, Jorge Torres Cardozo, Marcelo O´Higgins Roche, Gustavo Rodolfo Pertersen Servin, Helmut Alfredo Segovia Lohse, Larissa Ines Páez Lopez, Ramón Augusto Melo Cardozo, Fernando Espinoza, Angel David Pérez Rojas, Diana Sanchez, Camila Sanchez Samaniego, Shalon Guevara Torres, Alexander Canta Calua, Cesar Razuri, Nadia Ortiz, Xianelle Rodriguez, Nahilia Carrasco, Fridiz Saravia, Hector Shibao Miyasato, María Valcarcel-Saldaña, Ysabel Esthefany Alejos Bermúdez, Juan Carpio, Walter Ruiz Panez, Pedro Angel Toribio Orbegozo, Carolina Guzmán Dueñas, Kevin Turpo Espinoza, Ana Maria Sandoval Barrantes, Jorge Armando Chungui Bravo, Lorena Fuentes-Rivera, Carmen Fernández, Bárbara Málaga, Joselyn Ye, Ricardo Velasquez, Jannin Salcedo, Ana Lucia Contreras-Vergara, Angelica Genoveva Vergara Mejia, Maria Soledad Gonzales Montejo, Marilia Del Carmen Escalante Salas, Willy Alcca Ticona, Marvin Vargas, George Christian Manrique Sila, Robinson Mas, Arazzelly del Pilar Paucar, Armando José Román Velásquez, Alina Robledo-Rabanal, Ludwing Alexander Zeta Solis, Kenny Turpo Espinoza, José Luis Hamasaki Hamaguchi, Erick Samuel Florez Farfan, Linda Alvi Madrid Barrientos, Juan Jaime Herrera Matta, John Jemuel V. Mora, Menold Archee P. Redota, Manuel Francisco Roxas, Maria Jesusa B. Maño, Marie Dione Parreno-Sacdalan, Christel Leanne Almanon, Maciej Walędziak, Rafał Roszkowski, Michał Janik, Anna Lasek, Dorota Radkowiak, Mateusz Rubinkiewicz, Cristina Fernandes, Jose Costa-Maia, Renato Melo, Liviu Muntean, Aurel Sandu Mironescu, Lucian Corneliu Vida, Mariuca Popa, Hogea Mircea, Mihaela Vartic, Bogdan Diaconescu, Matei Razvan Bratu, Ionut Negoi, Mircea Beuran, Cezar Ciubotaru, Norbert Uzabumwana, Dieudonne Duhoranenayo, Elio Jovine, Nicola Zanini, Giovanni Landolfo, Murad Aljiffry, Faisal Idris, Mohammed Saleh A. Alghamdi, Ashraf Maghrabi, Abdulmalik Altaf, Aroub Alkaaki, Ahmad Khoja, Abrar Nawawi, Sondos Turkustani, Eyad Khalifah, Adel Albiety, Sarah Sahel, Reham Alshareef, Mohammed Najjar, Ahmed Alzahrani, Ahmed Alghamdi, Wedyan Alhazmi, Ghiath Al Saied, Mohammed Alamoudi, Muhammed Masood Riaz, Mazen Hassanain, Basmah Alhassan, Abdullah Altamimi, Reem Alyahya, Norah Al Subaie, Fatema Al Bastawis, Afnan Altamimi, Thamer Nouh, Roaa Khan, Milan Radojkovic, Ljiljana Jeremic, Milica Nestorovic, Jia Hao Law, Keith Say Kwang Tan, Ryan Choon Kiat Tan, Joel Kin Tan, Lau Wen Liang Joel, Xue Wei Chan, Faith Qi Hui Leong, Choon Seng Chong, Sharon Koh, Kai Yin Lee, Kuok Chung Lee, Kent Pluke, Britta Dedekind, Puyearashid Nashidengo, Mark Ian Hampton, Johanna Joosten, Sanju Sobnach, Liana Roodt, Anthony Sander, James Pape, Niveshni Maistry, Phumudzo Ndwambi, Kamau Kinandu, Myint Tun, Frederick Du Toit, Quinn Ellison, D.C. Grobler, Sule Burger, Lawrence Bongani Khulu, Rachel Moore, Vicky Jennings, Astrid Leusink, Nazmie Kariem, Juan Gouws, Kathryn Chu, Heather Bougard, Fazlin Noor, Angela Dell, Stephanie Van Straten, Arvin Khamajeet, Serge Kapenda Tshisola, Kalangu Kabongo, Victor Kong, Yoshan Moodley, Frank Anderson, Thandinkosi Madiba, Flip du Plooy, Leila Hartford, Gareth Chilton, Parveen Karjiker, Matlou Ernest Mabitsela, Sibongile Ruth Ndlovu, Maria Badicel, Robert Jaich, Jaime Ruiz-Tovar, Luis Garcia-Florez, Jorge L. Otero-Díez, Virginia Ramos Pérez, Nuria Aguado Suárez, Javier Minguez García, Sara Corral Moreno, Maria Vicenta Collado, Virginia Jiménez Carneros, Javier García Septiem, Mariana Gonzalez, Antonio Picardo, Enrique Esteban, Esther Ferrero, Eloy Espin-Basany, Ruth Blanco-Colino, Valeria Andriola, Lorena Solar García, Elisa Contreras, Carmen García Bernardo, Janet Pagnozzi, Sandra Sanz, Alberto Miyar de León, Asnel Dorismé, Joseluis Rodicio, Aida Suarez, Jessica Stuva, Tamara Diaz Vico, Laura Fernandez-Vega, Carla Soldevila-Verdeguer, Fatima Sena-Ruiz, Natalia Pujol-Cano, Paula Diaz-Jover, José Maria Garcia-Perez, Juan Jose Segura-Sampedro, Cristina Pineño-Flores, David Ambrona-Zafra, Andrea Craus-Miguel, Patricia Jimenez-Morillas, Angela Mazzella, A.B. Jayathilake, S.P.B. Thalgaspitiya, L.S. Wijayarathna, P.M.S.N. Wimalge, Hakeem Ayomi Sanni, Ogheneochuko Okenabirhie, Anmar Homeida, Abobaker Younis, Omer Abdelbagi Omer, Mustafa Abdulaziz, Ali Mussad, Ali Adam, Ida Björklund, Sandra Ahlqvist, Anders Thorell, Fredrik Wogensen, Arestis Sokratous, Michaela Breistrand, Hildur Thorarinsdottir, Johanna Sigurdadottir, Maziar Nikberg, Abbas Chabok, Maria Hjertberg, Peter Elbe, Deborah Saraste, Wiktor Rutkowski, Louise Forlin, Karoliina Niska, Malin Sund, Dennis Oswald, Georgios Peros, Rafael Bluelle, Katharina Reinisch, Daniel Frey, Adrian Palma, Dimitri Aristotle Raptis, Lucius Zumbühl, Markus Zuber, Roger Schmid, Gabriela Werder, Antonio Nocito, Alexandra Gerosa, Silke Mahanty, Lukas Werner Widmer, Julia Müller, Alissa Gübeli, Grzegorz Zuk, Osman Bilgin Gulcicek, Talar Vartanoglu, Emin Kose, Servet Rustu Karahan, Mehmet Can Aydin, Nuri Alper Sahbaz, Ilkay Halicioglu, Halil Alis, Ipek Sapci, Can Adıyaman, Ahmet Murat Pektaş, Turgut Bora Cengiz, Ilkan Tansoker, Vedatcan Işler, Muazzez Cevik, Deniz Mutlu, Volkan Ozben, Berk Baris Ozmen, Sefa Bayram, Sinem Yolcu, Berna Buse Kobal, Ömer Faruk Toto, Haluk Cem Çakaloğlu, Kagan Karabulut, Vahit Mutlu, Bahar Busra Ozkan, Saban Celik, Anil Semiz, Selim Bodur, Enisburak Gül, Busra Murutoglu, Reyyan Yildirim, Bahadir Emre Baki, Ekin Arslan, Mehmet Ulusahin, Ali Guner, Nathan Walker, Nikhita Shrimanker, Simon Cole, Ryan Breslin, Ravi Srinivasan, Mohamed Elshaer, Kristina Hunter, Ahmed Al-Bahrani, Ignatius Liew, Nora Grace Mairs, Alistair Rocke, Lachlan Dick, Mobeen Qureshi, Debkumar Chowdhury, Naomi Wright, Clare Skerritt, Dorothy Kufeji, Adrienne Ho, Tharindra Dissanayake, Athula Tennakoon, Wadah Ali, Shujing Jane Lim, Charlene Tan, Stephen O'Neill, Catrin Jones, Stephen Knight, Dima Nassif, Abhishek Sharma, Oliver Warren, Rebecca White, Aia Mehdi, Nathan Post, Eliana Kalakouti, Enkhbat Dashnyam, Frederick Stourton, Ioannis Mykoniatis, Chelise Currow, Francisca Wong, Ashish Gupta, Veeranna Shatkar, Joshua Luck, Suraj Kadiwar, Alexander Smedley, Rebecca Wakefield, Philip Herrod, James Blackwell, Jonathan Lund, Fraser Cohen, Ashwath Bandi, Stefano Giuliani, Giles Bond-Smith, Theodore Pezas, Neda Farhangmehr, Tomas Urbonas, Miklos Perenyei, Philip Ireland, Natalie Blencowe, Kirk Bowling, David Bunting, Lydia Longstaff, Kenneth Keogh, Hyunjin Jeon, Muhammad Rafaih Iqbal, Shivun Khosla, Anna Jeffery, James Perera, Ahmad Aboelkassem Ibrahem, Tariq Alhammali, Yahya Salama, Shaun Oram, Thomas Kidd, Fraser Cullen, Christopher Owen, Michael Wilson, Seehui Chiu, Hannah Sarafilovic, Jennifer Ploski, Elizabeth Evans, Athar Abbas, Sylvia Kamya, Norzawani Ishak, Carly Bisset, Cedar Andress, Ye Ru Chin, Priya Patel, David Evans, Aidan Haslegrave, Adam Boggon, Kirsten Laurie, Katie Connor, Thomas Mann, Anahita Mansuri, Rachel Davies, Ewen Griffiths, Aized Raza Shahbaz, Calvin Eng, Farhat Din, Ariadne L'Heveder, Esther H.G. Park, Ramanish Ravishankar, Kirsten McIntosh, Jih Dar Yau, Luke Chan, Susan McGarvie, Lingshan Tang, Hui Lim, Suhhuey Yap, Jay Park, Zhan Herr Ng, Shahrukh Mirza, Yun Lin Ang, Luke Walls, Chloe Roy, Simon Paterson-Brown, Julian Camilleri-Brennan, Kenneth Mclean, Michelle S. D'Souza, Savva Pronin, David Ewart Henshall, Eunice Zuling Ter, Dina Fouad, Ashish Minocha, William English, Catrin Morgan, Dominic Townsend, Laura Maciejec, Shareef Mahdi, Onyinye Akpenyi, Elisabeth Hall, Hanaan Caydiid, Zakaria Rob, Tom Abbott, Hew D. Torrance, Robin Johnston, Mohammed Akil Gani, Gianpiero Gravante, Shivanchan Rajmohan, Kiran Majid, Shiva Dindyal, Christopher Smith, Madanmohan Palliyil, Sanjay Patel, Luke Nicholson, Neil Harvey, Katie Baillie, Sam Shillito, Suzanne Kershaw, Rebecca Bamford, Peter Orton, Elke Reunis, Robert Tyler, Wai Cheong Soon, Guled M. Jama, Dharminder Dhillon, Khyati Patel, Shayanthan Nanthakumaran, Rachel Heard, Kar Yan Chen, Behrad Barmayehvar, Uttaran Datta, Sivesh K. Kamarajah, Sharad Karandikar, Sobhana Iftekhar Tani, Eimear Monaghan, Philippa Donnelly, Michael Walker, Jehangirshaw Parakh, Sarah Blacker, Anil Kaul, Arjun Paramasivan, Sameh Farag, Ashrafun Nessa, Salwa Awadallah, Jieqi Lim, James Chean Khun Ng, Ravi P. Kiran, Alice Murray, Eric Etchill, Mohini Dasari, Juan Puyana, Nadeem Haddad, Martin Zielinski, Asad Choudhry, Celeste Caliman, Mieshia Beamon, Therese Duane, Mamta Swaroop, Jonathan Myers, Rebecca Deal, Erik Schadde, Mark Hemmila, Lena Napolitano, Kathleen To, Alex Makupe, Joseph Musowoya, Niels Van Der Naald, Dayson Kumwenda, Alex Reece-Smith, Kars Otten, Anna Verbeek, Marloes Prins, Alibeth Andres Baquero Suarez, Ruben Balmaceda, Chelsea Deane, Emilio Dijan, Mahmoud Elfiky, Laura Koskenvuo, Aurore Thollot, Bernard Limoges, Carmen Capito, Challine Alexandre, Henri Kotobi, Julien Leroux, Kalitha Pinnagoda, Nicolas Henric, Olivier Azzis, Olivier Rosello, Poddevin Francois, Sara Etienne, Philippe Buisson, Sophian Hmila, Joe-Nat Clegg-Lamptey, Osman Imoro, Owusu Emmanuel Abem, Dimitrios Papageorgiou, Vasiliki Soulou, Sabrina Asturias, Lenin Peña, Donal B. O’Connor, Alberto Realis Luc, Alfio Alessandro Russo, Andrea Ruzzenente, Antonio Taddei, Camilla Cona, Corrado Bottini, Giovanni Pascale, Giuseppe Rotunno, Leonardo Solaini, Marco Maria Pascale, Margherita Notarnicola, Mario Corbellino, Michele Sacco, Paolo Ubiali, Roberto Cautiero, Tommaso Bocchetti, Elena Muzio, Vania Guglielmo, Eugenio Morandi, Patrizio Mao, Emilia De Luca, Farah Mahmoud Ali, Justas Žilinskas, Kestutis Strupas, Paulius Kondrotas, Robertas Baltrunas, Juozas Kutkevicius, Povilas Ignatavicius, Choy Ling Tan, Jia Yng Siaw, Sir Young Yam, Ling Wilson, Mohamed Rezal Abdul Aziz, John Bondin, Carmina Diaz Zorrilla, Anass Majbar, Danjuma Sale, Lawal Abdullahi, Olabisi Osagie, Omolara Faboya, Adedeji Fatuga, Agboola Taiwo, Emeka Nwabuoku, Marte Bliksøen, Zain Ali Khan, Jazmin Coronel, Cesar Miranda, Idelso Vasquez, Luis M. Helguero-Santin, Jennifer Rickard, Adesina Adedeji, Saleh Alqahtani, Max Rath, Michael Van Niekerk, Modise Zacharia Koto, Roel Matos-Puig, Leif Israelsson, Tobias Schuetz, Mahmut Arif Yuksek, Meric Mericliler, Mehmet Uluşahin, Bernhard Wolf, Cameron Fairfield, Guo Liang Yong, Katharine Whitehurst, Natalie Redgrave, Caroluce K. Musyoka, James Olivier, Kathryn Lee, Michael Cox, Muhamed M.H. Farhan-Alanie, Rory Callan, Chali Chibuye, Tebian Hassanein Ahmed Ali, Syrine Rekhis, Muna Rommaneh, Zi Hao Sam, Thays Brunelli Pugliesi, Gabriel Pardo, and Ruth Blanco
Subjects: abdominal surgery, cost-effectiveness analysis, global surgery, high fraction of inspired oxygen, low-and middle-income countries, surgical site infection, Anesthesiology, RD78.3-87.3
Abstract: Background: This study assessed the potential cost-effectiveness of high (80–100%) vs low (21–35%) fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) at preventing surgical site infections (SSIs) after abdominal surgery in Nigeria, India, and South Africa. Methods: Decision-analytic models were constructed using best available evidence sourced from unbundled data of an ongoing pilot trial assessing the effectiveness of high FiO2, published literature, and a cost survey in Nigeria, India, and South Africa. Effectiveness was measured as percentage of SSIs at 30 days after surgery, a healthcare perspective was adopted, and costs were reported in US dollars ($). Results: High FiO2 may be cost-effective (cheaper and effective). In Nigeria, the average cost for high FiO2 was $216 compared with $222 for low FiO2 leading to a −$6 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −$13 to −$1) difference in costs. In India, the average cost for high FiO2 was $184 compared with $195 for low FiO2 leading to a −$11 (95% CI: −$15 to −$6) difference in costs. In South Africa, the average cost for high FiO2 was $1164 compared with $1257 for low FiO2 leading to a −$93 (95% CI: −$132 to −$65) difference in costs. The high FiO2 arm had few SSIs, 7.33% compared with 8.38% for low FiO2, leading to a −1.05 (95% CI: −1.14 to −0.90) percentage point reduction in SSIs. Conclusion: High FiO2 could be cost-effective at preventing SSIs in the three countries but further data from large clinical trials are required to confirm this.
Published: 2023
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11. Nanomaterial heat transfer within thermal porous system in presence of Lorentz force

Author: Idir Mechai, Saleh Mousa Alzahrani, Hakeem A. Othman, Sami H. Altoum, Zahoor Iqbal, Al-Nashri Al-Hossain Ahmad, Hussein A.Z. AL-bonsrulah, Abd Elmotaleb A.M.A. Elamin, and F.H. Damag
Subjects: Porous zone, Nanofluid, Lorentz force, Natural convection, Numerical analysis, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract: A curved enclosure in attendance of MHD was evaluated in this article. Both outer cold and inner hot surfaces have curved shapes which boosts the convective rate. The impact of MHD in equations has been applied and there is one negative term is x direction if horizontal magnetic fields have been applied. Presence of such a field leads to generation of Lorentz force which prevents the nanofluid from moving faster. Such reduction in velocity with growth of Ha makes Nu decrease. Adding nanoparticles with greater “m” and φ can increase the convective flow. When Ra = 700, dispersing nano-powders can enhance the Nu in existence of MHD about 41.9%. When Ra = 150, Nu can improve about 12.01% if “m” is enhanced. Nu decreases around 40.1% with growth of Ha while it increases about 43.36% in existence of greater Ra.
Published: 2023
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12. Pathless directed topology in connection to the circulation of blood in the heart of human body

Author: Hakeem A. Othman, Mohammed M. Al-Shamiri, Amin Saif, Santanu Acharjee, Tarik Lamoudan, and Rashad Ismail
Subjects: pathless directed topology, directed graphs, alexandroff topology, blood circulation, heart, Mathematics, QA1-939
Abstract: We introduce a topology on the set of vertices of a directed graph and we call the topological space as pathless directed topological space. We study relation between the relative topologies and pathless directed topological spaces of E-generated subdirected graphs. Then, we study connectedness, isomorphic and homeomorphic properties in digraphs and pathless directed topological spaces. Moreover, we apply our results to blood circulation process in human heart and disprove Shokry and Aly [M. Shokry and R. E. Aly, Topological properties on graph vs medical application in human heart, Int. J. Appl. Math., 15 (2013), 1103-1109], Nada et al. [S. Nada, A. E. F. El Atik and M. Atef, New types of topological structures via graphs, Math. Method. Appl. Sci., 41 (2018), 5801-5810] and Nawar et al. [A. S. Nawar and A. E. F. A. El-Atik, A model of a human heart via graph nano topological spaces, Int. J. Biomath., 12 (2019), p.1950006]. We show that pathless directed topology is accurately describing the circulation of blood in the heart of human body.
Published: 2022
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13. Numerical investigation of thermal improvement of system in existence of nanofluid and magnetic force

Author: Adel Almarashi, Saleh Mousa Alzahrani, Hakeem A. Othman, Sami H. Altoum, Zahoor Iqbal, Al-Nashri Al-Hossain Ahmad, and Awad Musa
Subjects: MHD, Porous foam, Stream function, Nanofluid, Numerical model, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract: The current article aims to simulate the promising influence of porous zones on treatment of working fluid within curved shaped containers under the impact of MHD. The MHD was applied in x direction which produces one negative source term in the y velocity equation. The features of base fluid have been improved with dispersing Al2O3 nanoparticles. The formulation based on Ψ was used to simplify the equations and finally the equations were solved via CVFEM. Results showed that dispersing nano-powders boost the convective rate about 39.34% in the presence of MHD. Increase in shape factor can make Nu increase about 11.46%. The applying MHD causes Nu to reduce about 54.93%. Augment of Ra makes Nu augments around 68.91%.
Published: 2023
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14. Mathematical analysis of mixed convective stagnation point flow over extendable porous riga plate with aggregation and joule heating effects

Author: Hakeem A. Otman, Zafar Mahmood, Umar Khan, Sayed M. Eldin, Bandar M. Fadhl, and Basim M. Makhdoum
Subjects: Mixed convection, Nanoparticles aggregation, Riga plate, Stagnation point flow, Porous media, Joule heating, Science (General), Q1-390, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract: It is still not quite apparent how suspended nanoparticles improve heat transmission. Multiple investigations have demonstrated that the aggregation of nanoparticles is a critical step in improving the thermal conductivity of nanofluids. However, the thermal conductivity of the nanofluid would be greatly affected by the fractal dimension of the nanoparticle aggregation. The purpose of this research is to learn how nanoparticle aggregation, joule heating, and a heat source affect the behavior of an ethylene glycol-based nanofluid as it flows over a permeable, heated, stretched vertical Riga plate and through a porous medium. Numerical solutions to the present mathematical model were obtained using Mathematica's Runge-Kutta (RK-IV) with shooting technique. In the stagnation point flow next to a permeable, heated, extending Riga plate, heat transfer processes and interrupted flow phenomena are defined and illustrated by diagrams in the proposed mixed convection, joule heating, and suction variables along a boundary surface. Data visualizations showed how different variables affected temperature and velocity distributions, skin friction coefficient, and the local Nusselt number. The rates of heat transmission and skin friction increased when the values of the suction parameters were raised. The temperature profile and the Nusselt number both rose because of the heat source setting. The increase in skin friction caused by changing the nanoparticle volume fraction from φ=0.0 to φ=0.01 for the without aggregation model was about 7.2% for the case of opposing flow area (λ=−1.0) and 7.5% for the case of aiding flow region (λ=1.0). With the aggregation model, the heat transfer rate decreases by approximately 3.6% for cases with opposing flow regions (λ=−1.0) and 3.7% for cases with assisting flow regions (λ=1.0), depending on the nanoparticle volume fraction and ranging from φ=0.0 to φ=0.01, respectively. Recent findings were validated by comparing them to previously published findings for the same setting. There was substantial agreement between the two sets finding.
Published: 2023
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15. Thermal analysis of nanofluid flow within porous enclosure with curved hot wall utilizing numerical approach

Author: Xinhua Tan, Sami H. Altoum, Hakeem A. Othman, Muhammed I. Syam, M.A. Salman, and Awad Musa
Subjects: Mixture of alumina-water, Permeability, Stream function, Heat transfer, Numerical modeling, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract: To evaluate the efficiency of a system involving wavy shapes of wall, numerical technique has been utilized in this article. The region between two wavy complex surfaces was fabricated from porous material and the working fluid is nanofluid (mixture of water with various shapes of alumina nanoparticles). The new terms related to porous media have been added according to Darcy law. The pressure terms were removed with defining stream function. The last form of equations contains two variables (θ and Ψ) which were solved via CVFEM. The results from the present code have been compared with previous article and good agreement was reported. With augmenting Ha, the speed of nanofluid decreases and Nu drops about 50.48% when Ra = 700. Considering greater buoyancy force makes Nu to increase about 61.36% when Ha = 0. The shape factor has a direct relation with the amount of conductivity, thus, Nu enhances about 11.97% with an increase of this factor when Ha = 15, Ra = 150.
Published: 2023
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16. Impacts of fertilization management strategies on improved sorghums varieties in smallholder farming systems in Mali: Productivity and profitability differences

Author: Folorunso M. Akinseye, Birhanu Zemadim Birhanu, Hakeem A. Ajeigbe, Madina Diancoumba, Karamoko Sanogo, and Ramadjita Tabo
Subjects: Agronomy efficiency, Micro-dosing, Productivity, Gross margin, Fertilization strategies, And sorghum varieties, Science (General), Q1-390, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract: Sorghum is an important cereal crop cultivated by smallholder farmers of Mali, contributing significantly to their food demand and security. The study evaluated different fertilization strategies that combined organic and inorganic fertilizer applications with three sorghum varieties. The experiments were conducted over three cropping seasons (2017–2019) in three sites (Bamako, Bougouni, and Koutiala respectively) within the Sudanian region of Mali. Our results showed a significant effect of season, variety, and fertilization strategies on grain and stalk yields. Grain yield increased by 8–40% in Koutiala, 11–53% in Bougouni, and 44–110% in Bamako while the average stalk yield was above 5000 kg ha−1 with fertilized treatment compared to unfertilized treatment in the three sites. Fadda performed the best variety, mean grain yield was 23% and 42% higher than that of Soumba and Tieble, respectively. Similarly, there was a progressive increase in grain yield with an increasing level of poultry manure (PM) from 0 to 150 g/hill and cattle manure (CM) from 0 to 100 g/hill. However, the application of 100 g/hill of CM and PM plus 3 g/hill of Di-ammonium Phosphate (DAP) increased yield by 8% and 12% respectively compared to only CM or PM treatments. The results further revealed higher yield gain by 51% (Bamako), 57% (Koutiala), and 42% (Bougouni) for T10-[PM (100 g/hill) + Micro-D_DAP (3 g/hill)] equivalent to 73 kgNha−1 than others (T2-T9), but not proportionate to the highest value-cost ratio (VCR). Radar charts used to visualize sustainable intensification (SI) performance in the three domains (productivity, profitability, and environment) showed that the environmental variable has a direct influence on productivity, meanwhile profitability across the strategies ranged from low to moderate value across sites and different fertilizer strategies. Our study, therefore, recommends the use of multiple-choice fertilizer strategies includingT2-CM (50 g/hill)+PM(50 g/hill), T5-DAP-Micro-D (3 g/hill), T6-DAP41:46:00 and T9-PM(50 g/hill) alongside with improved sorghum varieties tested, for higher productivity and profitability across the region.
Published: 2023
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17. Numerical modeling for thermal behavior of nanomaterial laminar flow and convective heat transfer in appearance of magnetic field

Author: Wenhao Cao, Sami H. Altoum, Hakeem A. Othman, Alia M. Alzubaidi, and Abed Saif Alghawli
Subjects: Numerical modeling, Porous Darcy law, Stream function, Nanomaterial, Free convection, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract: The new computational approach has been incorporated for modeling the nanofluid flow through a cavity involving a wavy inner wall which experiences uniform flux. The fluid was created by loading alumina powders with various shapes within the water. The stream function formulation was applied after employing Darcy law and final equations have been generated. The container is under the impact of Lorentz force in addition to buoyancy forces. With loading additives, Nu enhances about 17.07% and 41.57% depending on the amount of Ha. The greater value of Ha makes the effect of adding nanoparticles become more sensible. With increasing the value of shape factor, Nu increases about 11.76%. As Ha grows, the rate of cooling decreases about 41.31%. With augment of Ra, Nu enhances about 50.41% in absence of Ha.
Published: 2023
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18. Clinical features, epidemiology, autoantibody status, HLA haplotypes and genetic mechanisms of type 1 diabetes mellitus among children in Qatar

Author: Basma Haris, Ikhlak Ahmed, Najeeb Syed, Hakeem Almabrazi, Saras Saraswathi, Sara Al-Khawaga, Amira Saeed, Shihab Mundekkadan, Idris Mohammed, Sanaa Sharari, Iman Hawari, Noor Hamed, Houda Afyouni, Tasneem Abdel-Karim, Shayma Mohammed, Amel Khalifa, Maryam Al-Maadheed, Mahmoud Zyoud, Ahmed Shamekh, Ahmed Elawwa, Mohammed Y. Karim, Fawziya Al-Khalaf, Zohreh Tatari-Calderone, Goran Petrovski, and Khalid Hussain
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract To describe the clinical features, epidemiology, autoantibody status, HLA haplotypes and genetic mechanisms of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Patients (0–18 years) with diabetes were recruited. Clinical data was collected, autoantibodies and c-peptide were measured. Whole Genome Sequencing was performed. Genomic data analysis was compared with the known genes linked with T1DM and HLA alleles were studied. 1096 patients had one or more antibody positivity. The incidence of T1DM in 2020 was 38.05 per 100,000 children and prevalence was 249.73. GADA was the most common autoantibody followed by IAA. Variants in GSTCD, SKAP2, SLC9B1, BANK1 were most prevalent. An association of HLA haplotypes DQA1*03:01:01G (OR = 2.46, p value = 0.011) and DQB1*03:02:01G (OR = 2.43, p value = 0.022) was identified. The incidence of T1DM in Qatar is the fourth highest in the world, IA2 autoantibody was the most specific with some patients only having ZnT8 or IA2 autoantibodies thus underlining the necessity of profiling all 4 autoantibodies. The genes associated with T1DM in the Arab population were different from those that are common in the Caucasian population. HLA-DQ was enriched in the Qatari patients suggesting that it can be considered a major risk factor at an early age.
Published: 2021
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19. Epidemiology, diagnostics and factors associated with mortality during a cholera epidemic in Nigeria, October 2020–October 2021: a retrospective analysis of national surveillance data

Author: Chikwe Ihekweazu, Carina King, Puja Myles, Fatima Saleh, Tobias Alfvén, Emmanuel Pembi, Emmanuel Agogo, Chinwe Lucia Ochu, Samuel Ngishe, Hakeem Abiola Yusuff, Ifeoma Nwadiuto, Abbas Aliyu Mohammed, Nwando Mba, Elsie Ilori, John Oladejo, Ibrahim Mamadu, Oluwatosin Wuraola Akande, Lauryn Dunkwu, Nnaemeka Ndodo, David Olatunji, Kelly Elimian, Sebastian Yennan, Anwar Musah, Iliya Danladi Cheshi, Ahmed Ladan Mohammed, Eme Ekeng, Stephanie Ayres, Benjamin Gandi, Ahmed Nasir Omar, Emily Crawford, Olubunmi Omowumi Olopha, Robinson Nnaji, Basheer Muhammad, Rejoice Luka-Lawal, Adachioma Chinonso Ihueze, Chidimma Ojukwu, Afolabi Muftau Akinpelu, Ene Adaga, Yusuf Abubakar, Agnes Bosede Alowooye, Peace Chinma Nwogwugwu, Khadeejah Kamaldeen, Henry Nweke Abah, Egbuna Hyacinth Chukwuebuka, Sarah Peter, Okpachi Christopher Abbah, Popoola Michael Oladotun, Santino Oifoh, Micheal Olugbile, Olajumoke Babatunde, and Ifedayo Adetifa
Subjects: Medicine
Abstract: Objectives Nigeria reported an upsurge in cholera cases in October 2020, which then transitioned into a large, disseminated epidemic for most of 2021. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology, diagnostic performance of rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kits and the factors associated with mortality during the epidemic.Design A retrospective analysis of national surveillance data.Setting 33 of 37 states (including the Federal Capital Territory) in Nigeria.Participants Persons who met cholera case definition (a person of any age with acute watery diarrhoea, with or without vomiting) between October 2020 and October 2021 within the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control surveillance data.Outcome measures Attack rate (AR; per 100 000 persons), case fatality rate (CFR; %) and accuracy of RDT performance compared with culture using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Additionally, individual factors associated with cholera deaths and hospitalisation were presented as adjusted OR with 95% CIs.Results Overall, 93 598 cholera cases and 3298 deaths (CFR: 3.5%) were reported across 33 of 37 states in Nigeria within the study period. The proportions of cholera cases were higher in men aged 5–14 years and women aged 25–44 years. The overall AR was 46.5 per 100 000 persons. The North-West region recorded the highest AR with 102 per 100 000. Older age, male gender, residency in the North-Central region and severe dehydration significantly increased the odds of cholera deaths. The cholera RDT had excellent diagnostic accuracy (AUROC=0.91; 95% CI 0.87 to 0.96).Conclusions Cholera remains a serious public health threat in Nigeria with a high mortality rate. Thus, we recommend making RDT kits more widely accessible for improved surveillance and prompt case management across the country.
Published: 2022
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20. Nazm

Author: Hakeem, John Mohammad
Published: 2024

21. Impact of new-onset versus pre-existing atrial fibrillation on outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement/implantation

Author: Nso Nso, Kelechi Emmanuel, Mahmoud Nassar, Rubal Bhangal, Sostanie Enoru, Adedapo Iluyomade, Jonathan D. Marmur, Onyedika J. Ilonze, Senthil Thambidorai, and Hakeem Ayinde
Subjects: TAVI, TAVR, NOAF, Atrial fibrillation, Aortic stenosis, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: Patients with aortic stenosis who undergo transcatheter aortic valve replacement/transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVR/TAVI) experience a high incidence of pre-existing atrial fibrillation (pre-AF) and new-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) post-operatively. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to update current evidence concerning the incidence of 30-day mortality, stroke, acute kidney injury (AKI), length of stay (LOS), and early/late bleeding in patients with NOAF or pre-AF who undergo TAVR/TAVI. PubMed, Google Scholar, JSTOR, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched for studies published between January 2012 and December 2020 reporting the association between NOAF/pre-AF and clinical complications after TAVR/TAVI. A total of 15 studies including 158,220 adult patients with TAVI/TAVR and NOAF or pre-AF were identified. Compared to patients in sinus rhythm, patients who developed NOAF had a higher risk of 30-day mortality, AKI, early bleeding events, extended LOS, and stroke after TAVR/TAVI (odds ratio [OR]: 3.18 [95% confidence interval [CI] 1.58, 6.40]) (OR: 3.83 [95% CI 1.18, 12.42]) (OR: 1.70 [95% CI 1.05, 2.74]) (OR: 13.96 [95% CI, 6.41, 30.40]) (OR: 2.51 [95% CI 1.59, 3.97], respectively). Compared to patients in sinus rhythm, patients with pre-AF had a higher risk of AKI and early bleeding episodes after TAVR/TAVI (OR: 2.43 [95% CI 1.10, 5.35]) (OR: 17.41 [95% CI 6.49, 46.68], respectively). Atrial fibrillation is associated with a higher risk of all primary and secondary outcomes. Specifically, NOAF but not pre-AF is associated with a higher risk of 30-day mortality, stroke, and extended LOS after TAVR/TAVI.
Published: 2022
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22. Proportional Itô–Doob Stochastic Fractional Order Systems

Author: Abdellatif Ben Makhlouf, Lassaad Mchiri, Hakeem A. Othman, Hafedh M. S. Rguigui, and Salah Boulaaras
Subjects: stochastic system, proportional fractional integral, Mathematics, QA1-939
Abstract: In this article, we discuss the existence and uniqueness of proportional Itô–Doob stochastic fractional order systems (PIDSFOS) by using the Picard iteration method. The paper provides new results using the proportional fractional integral and stochastic calculus techniques. We have shown the convergence of the solution of the averaged PIDSFOS to that of the standard PIDSFOS in the context of the mean square and also in probability. One example is given to illustrate our results.
Published: 2023
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23. Fractional Itô–Doob Stochastic Differential Equations Driven by Countably Many Brownian Motions

Author: Abdellatif Ben Makhlouf, Lassaad Mchiri, Hakeem A. Othman, and Hafedh M. S. Rguigui
Subjects: stochastic system, fractional integral, existence, uniqueness, Thermodynamics, QC310.15-319, Mathematics, QA1-939, Analysis, QA299.6-433
Abstract: This article is devoted to showing the existence and uniqueness (EU) of a solution with non-Lipschitz coefficients (NLC) of fractional Itô-Doob stochastic differential equations driven by countably many Brownian motions (FIDSDECBMs) of order ϰ∈(0,1) by using the Picard iteration technique (PIT) and the semimartingale local time (SLT).
Published: 2023
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24. Discussion on Fuzzy Integral Inequalities via Aumann Integrable Convex Fuzzy-Number Valued Mappings over Fuzzy Inclusion Relation

Author: Muhammad Bilal Khan, Hakeem A. Othman, Aleksandr Rakhmangulov, Mohamed S. Soliman, and Alia M. Alzubaidi
Subjects: fuzzy aumann integral, up and down (?1, ?2)-convex fuzzy-number valued mappings, Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities, Mathematics, QA1-939
Abstract: Convex bodies are naturally symmetrical. There is also a correlation between the two variables of symmetry and convexity. Their use, in either case, has been feasible in recent years because of their interchangeable and similar properties. The proposed analysis provides information on a new class for a convex function which is known as up and down X1,X2-convex fuzzy-Number valued mappings (UD-X1,X2-convex FNVM). Using this class, we disclosed a number of new versions of integral inequalities. Additionally, we give a number of new related integral inequalities connected to the well-known Hermite-Hadamard-type inequalities. In conclusion, some examples are given to back up and show the value of these new results.
Published: 2023
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25. Establishing Optimal Planting Windows for Contrasting Sorghum Cultivars across Diverse Agro-Ecologies of North-Eastern Nigeria: A Modelling Approach

Author: Folorunso M. Akinseye, Hakeem A. Ajeigbe, Alpha Y. Kamara, Akinrotimi O. Omotayo, Abdullahi I. Tofa, and Anthony M. Whitbread
Subjects: adaptation, agro-ecological zones (AEZs), APSIM, adapted sorghums, optimal planting window, Agriculture
Abstract: In the context of climate change, the sowing date and cultivar choice can influence the productivity of sorghum, especially where production is constrained by low soil fertility and early terminal drought across the challenging agro-ecologies of north-eastern Nigeria. Planting within an optimal sowing window to fit the cultivar’s maturity length is critical for maximizing/increasing the crop yield following the appropriate climate-smart management practices. In this study, the APSIM crop model was calibrated and validated to simulate the growth and yield of sorghum cultivars with differing maturing periods sown within varying planting time windows under improved agricultural practices. The model was run to simulate long-term crop performance from 1985 to 2010 to determine the optimal planting windows (PWs) and most suitable cultivars across different agro-ecological zones (AEZs). The performance of the model, validated with the observed farm-level grain yield, was satisfactory across all planting dates and cropping systems. The model predicted a lower mean bias error (MBE), either positive or negative, under the sole cropping system in the July sowing month compared to in the June and August sowing months. The seasonal climate simulations across sites and AEZs suggested increased yields when using adapted sorghum cultivars based on the average grain yield threshold of ≥1500 kgha−1 against the national average of 1160 kgha−1. In the Sudan Savanna (SS), the predicted optimum PWs ranged from 25 May to 30 June for CSR01 and Samsorg-44, while the PWs could be extended to 10 July for ICSV400 and Improved Deko. In the Northern Guinea Savanna (NGS) and Southern Guinea Savanna (SGS), the optimal PWs ranged from 25 May to 10 July for all cultivars except for SK5912, for which predicted optimal PWs ranged from 25 May to 30 June. In the NGS zone, all cultivars were found to be suitable for cultivation with exception of SK5912. Meanwhile, in the SGS zone, the simulated yield below the threshold (1500 kgha−1) could be explained by the sandy soil and the very low soil fertility observed there. It was concluded that farm decisions to plant within the predicted optimal PWs alongside the use of adapted sorghum cultivars would serve as key adaptation strategies for increasing the sorghum productivity in the three AEZs.
Published: 2023
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26. Researching Multi-Disciplinary Diversities and Optimizing Their Inherent Strengths and Opportunities: The Role Played by UNILAG Research Management Office

Author: Emeka Patrick Okonji, Gbadamosi Morufu, and Amuda Mohammed Hakeem Olawale
Abstract: The University of Lagos is one of Nigeria's premiere Universities, established in 1962 with core values emphasizing commitment to quality academic learning and character, integrity, continuous improvement of staff professionalism and competence, as well as a strong commitment to cutting-edge research. In 2012, the University established the Research and Innovation Office, which was subsequently restructured into two offices: the Research Management Office, and the Innovation and Technology Transfer Office, for more efficient functioning. Over the years, the Office has provided enormous support to over 1,700 academic faculty and researchers for cutting-edge research built on a multi-disciplinary approach. This paper provides a detailed discussion of the strategies employed by the Research Management Office to promote multi-disciplinary research from inception to date, the results of efforts to promote collaboration across the currently existing wealth of diversity in academic and research disciplines among researchers in over 12 faculties of the University, the successes recorded, and the challenges faced. The paper further makes recommendations for the advancement of these strategies, and suggestions for pragmatic solutions to challenges experienced while drawing practical and applicable lessons from international best practices for supporting multi-disciplinary research.
Published: 2024

27. Changing the Narratives of Physics-Learning in Secondary Schools: The Role of Culture, Technology, and Locational Context

Author: Adekunle Ibrahim Oladejo, Peter Akinsola Okebukola, Victor Olu Akinola, Jamiu Oluwadamilare Amusa, Hakeem Akintoye, Tunde Owolabi, Juma Shabani, and Taibat Tejumola Olateju
Subjects: physics, science education, teaching and learning, technology, culturally relevant pedagogy, Education
Abstract: This study is concerned with the persistent underperformance of secondary school students in Nigeria in physics. The study was conducted in two phases. Phase one was a survey of difficult concepts in physics, while phase two explored the potency of culturo-techno-contextual approach (CTCA) in breaking the barriers to meaningful learning of refractive indices, which ranked the most difficult concept in phase one of the study. A total of 1621 SS3 students from Nigeria and Ghana participated in the survey phase. The second phase employed a mixed-methods approach (quasi-experimental and interviews) with a total of 205 SS1 students. The control group was taught with the lecture method and had 96 students (54 males; 42 females), while the experimental group, taught with CTCA, had 109 students (65 females; 44 males). Both groups had a pretest and posttest using the achievement test in refractive indices; treatment lasted four weeks. Data gathered in the survey were analyzed using mean rank analysis, and refractive indices was perceived as the most difficult to learn. Phase two data were analyzed using one-way ANCOVA since intact classes were used. The result obtained showed that the experimental group performed better (mean for experimental = 15.49; control 11.97; F (1, 202) = 64.48; p < 0.01)) than the control group. Implications of the study are highlighted and the need for further studies is recommended.
Published: 2023
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28. Some Certain Fuzzy Aumann Integral Inequalities for Generalized Convexity via Fuzzy Number Valued Mappings

Author: Muhammad Bilal Khan, Hakeem A. Othman, Michael Gr. Voskoglou, Lazim Abdullah, and Alia M. Alzubaidi
Subjects: fuzzy number valued mapping, fuzzy Aumann integral, up and down convex fuzzy number valued mapping, Hermite–Hadamard inequality, Hermite–Hadamard–Fejér inequality, Mathematics, QA1-939
Abstract: The topic of convex and nonconvex mapping has many applications in engineering and applied mathematics. The Aumann and fuzzy Aumann integrals are the most significant interval and fuzzy operators that allow the classical theory of integrals to be generalized. This paper considers the well-known fuzzy Hermite–Hadamard (HH) type and associated inequalities. With the help of fuzzy Aumann integrals and the newly introduced fuzzy number valued up and down convexity (UD-convexity), we increase this mileage even further. Additionally, with the help of definitions of lower UD-concave (lower UD-concave) and upper UD-convex (concave) fuzzy number valued mappings (FNVMs), we have gathered a sizable collection of both well-known and new extraordinary cases that act as applications of the main conclusions. We also offer a few examples of fuzzy number valued UD-convexity to further demonstrate the validity of the fuzzy inclusion relations presented in this study.
Published: 2023
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29. An international virtual hackathon to build tools for the analysis of structural variants within species ranging from coronaviruses to vertebrates [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 3 approved with reservations]

Author: Ann M. Mc Cartney, Medhat Mahmoud, Michael Jochum, Daniel Paiva Agustinho, Barry Zorman, Ahmad Al Khleifat, Fawaz Dabbaghie, Rupesh K Kesharwani, Moritz Smolka, Moez Dawood, Dreycey Albin, Elbay Aliyev, Hakeem Almabrazi, Ahmed Arslan, Advait Balaji, Sairam Behera, Kimberley Billingsley, Daniel L Cameron, Joyjit Daw, Eric T. Dawson, Wouter De Coster, Haowei Du, Christopher Dunn, Rocio Esteban, Angad Jolly, Divya Kalra, Chunxiao Liao, Yunxi Liu, Tsung-Yu Lu, James M Havrilla, Michael M Khayat, Maximillian Marin, Jean Monlong, Stephen Price, Alejandro Rafael Gener, Jingwen Ren, Sagayamary Sagayaradj, Nicolae Sapoval, Claude Sinner, Daniela C. Soto, Arda Soylev, Arun Subramaniyan, Najeeb Syed, Neha Tadimeti, Pamella Tater, Pankaj Vats, Justin Vaughn, Kimberly Walker, Gaojianyong Wang, Qiandong Zeng, Shangzhe Zhang, Tingting Zhao, Bryce Kille, Evan Biederstedt, Mark Chaisson, Adam English, Zev Kronenberg, Todd J. Treangen, Timothy Hefferon, Chen-Shan Chin, Ben Busby, and Fritz J Sedlazeck
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: In October 2020, 62 scientists from nine nations worked together remotely in the Second Baylor College of Medicine & DNAnexus hackathon, focusing on different related topics on Structural Variation, Pan-genomes, and SARS-CoV-2 related research. The overarching focus was to assess the current status of the field and identify the remaining challenges. Furthermore, how to combine the strengths of the different interests to drive research and method development forward. Over the four days, eight groups each designed and developed new open-source methods to improve the identification and analysis of variations among species, including humans and SARS-CoV-2. These included improvements in SV calling, genotyping, annotations and filtering. Together with advancements in benchmarking existing methods. Furthermore, groups focused on the diversity of SARS-CoV-2. Daily discussion summary and methods are available publicly at https://github.com/collaborativebioinformatics provides valuable insights for both participants and the research community.
Published: 2021
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30. Investigating the Potential Economic Impact of Brexit Decisions on Business Performance in the United Kingdom: A Case Study of the UK Construction Industry

Author: Olatunji David Adekoya, Ahsan Malik, Hakeem Ajonbadi, and Ibrahim Jimoh
Subjects: brexit, business performance, construction industry, labour activities, trade activities, external economic factors, Business, HF5001-6182
Abstract: The looming argument on the decision of the United Kingdom (UK) to leave the European Union (EU) popularly referred to as Brexit is UK's greatest concern today. While business experts and economic analysts have been trying to decipher the potential effects of this decision, many businesses are beginning to prepare themselves for the worst-case scenario. This study is primarily aimed at investigating the potential economic impact of Brexit on business performance in the United Kingdom with specific reference to the construction industry which serves as one of the UK’s major contributor to output. The methodology, therefore, is based on an epistemological assumption grounded in positivistic philosophy with the use of a deductive and applied research approach. Additionally, both quantitative and qualitative research methods were employed using secondary sources of data. The data was further estimated using a t-Test statistical model to test the significance level between the population means of the variables measured along a time period that covers 2014 to 2018. The variables measured include industry labour employment, interest rate, inflation and exchange rate, output, imports, and exports. The research findings suggest that there are potential adverse effects of Brexit on labour activities within the industry if a favourable deal is failed to be struck. Additionally, external economic factors were deemed to have a very high negative influence on business performance. It was also reported that trading activities which were the core performance measures in the industry were not significantly reactive to Brexit since the leave vote although there are potential threats after the implementation period.
Published: 2019

31. Monoallelic expression in melanoma

Author: Lee Silcock, Hakeem Almabrazi, Younes Mokrab, Puthen Jithesh, Muna Al-Hashmi, Nicola James, Rebecca Mathew, Valentina Mattei, Davide Bedognetti, Francesca Lessi, Ramzi Temanni, Barbara Seliger, Rashid Al-Ali, Francesco M. Marincola, Ena Wang, and Sara Tomei
Subjects: Monoallelic expression, Melanoma, RNA-seq, Medicine
Abstract: Abstract Background Monoallelic expression (MAE) is a frequent genomic phenomenon in normal tissues, however its role in cancer is yet to be fully understood. MAE is defined as the expression of a gene that is restricted to one allele in the presence of a diploid heterozygous genome. Constitutive MAE occurs for imprinted genes, odorant receptors and random X inactivation. Several studies in normal tissues have showed MAE in approximately 5–20% of the cases. However, little information exists on the MAE rate in cancer. In this study we assessed the presence and rate of MAE in melanoma. The genetic basis of melanoma has been studied in depth over the past decades, leading to the identification of mutations/genetic alterations responsible for melanoma development. Methods To examine the role of MAE in melanoma we used 15 melanoma cell lines and compared their RNA-seq data with genotyping data obtained by the parental TIL (tumor infiltrating lymphocytes). Genotyping was performed using the Illumina HumanOmni1 beadchip. The RNA-seq library preparation and sequencing was performed using the Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA Human Kit and subsequently sequenced using a HiSeq 2500 according to manufacturer’s guidelines. By comparing genotyping data with RNA-seq data, we identified SNPs in which DNA genotypes were heterozygous and corresponding RNA genotypes were homozygous. All homozygous DNA genotypes were removed prior to the analysis. To confirm the validity to detect MAE, we examined heterozygous DNA genotypes from X chromosome of female samples as well as for imprinted and olfactory receptor genes and confirmed MAE. Results MAE was detected in all 15 cell lines although to a different rate. When looking at the B-allele frequencies we found a preferential pattern of complete monoallelic expression rather then differential monoallelic expression across the 15 melanoma cell lines. As some samples showed high differences in the homozygous and heterozygous call rate, we looked at the single chromosomes and showed that MAE may be explained by underlying large copy number imbalances in some instances. Interestingly these regions included genes known to play a role in melanoma initiation and progression. Nevertheless, some chromosome regions showed MAE without CN imbalances suggesting that additional mechanisms (including epigenetic silencing) may explain MAE in melanoma. Conclusion The biological implications of MAE are yet to be realized. Nevertheless, our findings suggest that MAE is a common phenomenon in melanoma cell lines. Further analyses are currently being undertaken to evaluate whether MAE is gene/pathway specific and to understand whether MAE can be employed by cancers to achieve a more aggressive phenotype.
Published: 2019
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32. An Examination on the Effect of Regional Disintegration on Industry Performance: The Post-Brexit Decision

Author: Olatunji David Adekoya, Hakeem Adeniyi Ajonbadi, and Ibrahim Jimoh
Subjects: regional disintegration, brexit, financial services and insurance industry, united kingdom, referendum, macroeconomic factors, trade performance, demand and supply of labour, Business, HF5001-6182
Abstract: Ongoing research on the uncertainties surrounding Brexit as a form of regional disintegration is a teeming challenge for many of the industries in the United Kingdom, and as such, various researches are being undergone by experts in different fields to analyse the potential effects both positive and negative on the various industries. This research, therefore, aimed to focus mainly on the effect of regional disintegration on industry performance with emphasis on Brexit. The research considers the financial services and insurance industry in the United Kingdom as a case study. To consider the potential effect of regional disintegration, the research examined a 5-year quarterly data trend analysis spanning from 2014 till 2018 which represents two years before and two years after the pronouncement of the referendum in June 2016. The study further adopted a deductive approach while using both quantitative and qualitative research strategies. The data collection method involved the use of secondary data gotten from government reports and statistical bulletins. The variables were grouped into three categories including the macroeconomic factors (inflation, exchange rate and interest rate), trade performance (imports, exports and industry consumer price index), and demand and supply of labour (employment levels). The data analysis was conducted using a t-test statistic to ascertain if there is any significant difference in the population means of the variables. The findings revealed that the macroeconomic factors have more significant adverse effects on the industry's performance, while there are both positive and negative effects of regional integration on trade performance. Lastly, a no-deal outcome is likely to pose a significant threat to the industry’s demand and supply of labour. In general, the findings of the research allude to the fact that regional disintegration has both positive and negative effects on industry performance. Some recommendations were provided based on a no-deal or deal outcome.
Published: 2019

33. Propofol sedation in colonoscopy: from satisfied patients to improved quality indicators

Author: Abu Baker F, Mari A, Amarney K, Hakeem AR, Ovadia B, and Kopelman Y
Subjects: Caecal intubation rate, Colonoscopy, Polyp detection rate, Propofol mediated sedation, Quality indicators., Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology, RC799-869
Abstract: Fadi Abu Baker,1 Amir Mari,1 Kamal Aamarney,2 Abu Ras Hakeem,3 Barouch Ovadia,1 Yael Kopelman,11Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, affiliated to the Ruth and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel; 2Pharmacy Services Department, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, affiliated to the Ruth and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel; 3Anesthesiology Department, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, affiliated to the Ruth and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel Background: Propofol-mediated sedation is safe and clearly associated with increased patient satisfaction. However, whether it results in a favorable effect on colonoscopy outcomes and performance compared to standard sedation with benzodiazepines/opiates remains unclear.Objectives: To determine the effect of propofol-mediated sedation on colonoscopy-quality measures compared to traditional sedation.Methods: A large cohort of 44,794 patients who had undergone sedated colonoscopies were included. Colonoscopy-quality indicators were examined in benzodiazepine/opiate-sedated patients and compared with a propofol-mediated sedation group. Adjustment for potential confounders, such as age, sex, quality of bowel preparation, procedural setting, and indication was performed.Results: Patients who received propofol-mediated sedation were more likely, and in a dose-dependent manner, to have an enhanced polyp-detection rate (22.8% vs 20.9%, P
Published: 2019

34. Evaluation of platelet-rich fibrin matrix combined with PGE-1 injection on erectile function in patients with refractory response to PDE5-I: a randomized placebo-controlled study

Author: Zaazaa, Adham, Eid, Mohamed Abbas, GamalEl Din, Sameh Fayek, Zeidan, Ashraf, Hakeem, Ahmed AbdEl, Farag, Mohamed Abdel Fattah, Fawzy, Ahmed, and Kaddah, Amr
Published: 2025
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35. Non Functioning Vagal Paraganglioma in the Infrahyoid Neck: A Case Report

Author: Hussain Hakeem, Arsheed, Iftikhar, Novfa, and Modi, Tejal
Published: 2024
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36. Tract-specific magnetization transfer ratio provides insights into the severity of degenerative cervical myelopathy

Author: Haynes, Grace, Muhammad, Fauziyya, Weber, 2nd, Kenneth A., Khan, Ali F., Hameed, Sanaa, Shakir, Hakeem, Van Hal, Michael, Dickson, Douglas, Rohan, Michael, Dhaher, Yasin, Parrish, Todd, Ding, Lei, and Smith, Zachary A.
Published: 2024
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37. A Connected Pixels Based Approach for Surface Water Layer Extraction from EOS-04 Medium Resolution ScanSAR (MRS) Data

Author: Kadapala, Bharath Kumar Reddy, Hakeem, K. Abdul, Cheruvupally, Sai Krishna, Raju, P. V., Sreenivas, K., and Chauhan, Prakash
Published: 2024
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38. Innovative Approach to Characterize Cheese Whey Anaerobic Digestion Using Combined Mechanistic and Machine Learning Models

Author: Akram, Md Tausif, Aftab, Rameez Ahmad, Ansari, Khursheed B., Arman, Iram, Hakeem, Mohammad Abdul, Zaidi, Sadaf, and Danish, Mohammad
Published: 2024
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39. Numerical modelling for stability of homogeneous clay and sand slopes improved by polyurethane foam piles in slope face

Author: Hassona, Faek and Hakeem, Beshoy Maher
Published: 2024
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40. Investigation of the Thermomechanical and Tribological Behaviors of a Non-equimolar Hf0.5Nb0.5Ta0.5Ti1.5Zr Refractory High Entropy Alloy

Author: Naqvi, Rida Batool, Khan, Muhammad Imran, Hakeem, Abbas Saeed, Adesina, Akeem Yusuf, Samad, Mohammed Abdul, and Baig, Mirza Murtuza Ali
Published: 2024
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41. Novel vision transformer and data augmentation technique for efficient detection of monkeypox disease

Author: Alarfaj, Aisha Ahmed, Ahmad, Salman, Hakeem, Abeer M., Alabdulqader, Ebtisam Abdullah, PERO, Chiara, Alsubai, Shtwai, Innab, Nisreen, and Ashraf, Imran
Published: 2024
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42. Computational insights into flavonoid molecular structures and their QSPR modeling via degree based molecular descriptors

Author: Hakeem, Abdul, Ullah, Asad, Zaman, Shahid, Hamed, Y. S., and Belay, Melaku Berhe
Published: 2024
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43. Assessment of the clinical and laboratory risk factors for thrombosis in neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (two Egyptian tertiary centers experience)

Author: Abdelsamei, Ebtihal Mokhtar, Hakeem, Gehan Lotfy Abdel, El Amin, Nadia Mohamed, Yousef, Maha Ahmed, Ghalioub, Hager Samy, and Mohamed, Zamzam Hassan
Published: 2024
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44. The relation between susceptibility and quantum entropy in the ladder-plus-Y double quantum dot system under spontaneously generated coherence

Author: Abdullah, Muwaffaq, Al-Ameri, Hakeem H., Kadhim, Kadhim A., and Al-Khursan, Amin Habbeb
Published: 2024
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45. Identifying Suitable Watersheds across Nigeria Using Biophysical Parameters and Machine Learning Algorithms for Agri–Planning

Author: Pranay Panjala, Murali Krishna Gumma, Hakeem Ayinde Ajeigbe, Murtala Muhammad Badamasi, Kumara Charyulu Deevi, and Ramadjita Tabo
Subjects: water, watershed proritization, agriculture, dryland, Google Earth Engine, Geography (General), G1-922
Abstract: Identifying suitable watersheds is a prerequisite to operationalizing planning interventions for agricultural development. With the help of geospatial tools, this paper identified suitable watersheds across Nigeria using biophysical parameters to aid agricultural planning. Our study included various critical thematic layers such as precipitation, temperature, slope, land-use/land-cover (LULC), soil texture, soil depth, and length of growing period, prepared and modeled on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. Using expert knowledge, scores were assigned to these thematic layers, and a priority map was prepared based on the combined weighted average score. We also validated priority watersheds. For this, the study area was classified into three priority zones ranging from ‘high’ to ‘low’. Of the 277 watersheds identified, 57 fell in the high priority category, implying that they are highly favorable for interventions. This would be useful for regional-scale water resource planning for agricultural landscape development.
Published: 2022
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46. Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in children: an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study

Author: Nebyou Seyoum, Ville Sallinen, Ari Leppäniemi, Andrea Belli, Clare Skerritt, Naomi Wright, Savva Pronin, Azmina Verjee, Oliver Warren, Michele Sacco, Arnav Agarwal, Simon Paterson-Brown, David Evans, Philip Choi, Ashish Gupta, Jonathan Myers, Victor Kong, Michael Wilson, Ewen M Harrison, Mircea Beuran, Ionut Negoi, Zahra Jaffry, Leonardo Solaini, Thomas M Drake, Sara W Al-Saqqa, Sule Burger, Kathryn Chu, Dhruv Ghosh, Hosni Khairy Salem, Marie Carmela Lapitan, Ismail Lawani, Maria Lorena Aguilera, Mayaba Maimbo, Alex Makupe, Vanessa Msosa, Alphonse Zeta Mutabazi, Riinu Ots, Ahmad Uzair Qureshi, Sarah Rayne, Marie Dione Parreno-Sacdalan, Richard Spence, Richard Lilford, Tom Abbott, Gehad Tawfik, Sebastian King, Alexia Farrugia, Jay Park, Abhishek Sharma, Augusto Zani, Christopher Smith, Jonathan Lund, Stefano Giuliani, John Whitaker, Elaine Borg, Alexis Arnaud, Esther Ferrero, Andrea Ruzzenente, Jennifer Rickard, Yousef Abuowda, Enas Alaloul, Natalie Blencowe, Sanjay Patel, Mark Ian Hampton, Ewen Griffiths, André L Mihaljevic, Elizabeth Evans, Catherine A Shaw, Jennifer Ploski, Mengistu Worku, Ashish Minocha, Shiva Dindyal, Midhun Mohan, Dina Fouad, Christopher Owen, Priya Patel, Sunil Kumar, James Yang, Kevin C Conlon, Sandro Pasquali, Mohamed Mostafa, Yoshan Moodley, Kathryn Lee, Gareth Irwin, Kjetil Søreide, Catrin Morgan, Ruth Blanco-Colino, Francesco Pata, Gianluca Pellino, Luke Nicholson, Taiwo Lawal, Omolara Williams, Andrey Litvin, Elodie Haraux, James Olivier, Michael Stoddart, Rebecca White, Luigi Bonavina, Chetan Khatri, Stephen O'Neill, Roger Schmid, Stephen Knight, Ahmed Soliman, Carly Bisset, Robert Parker, Rakan Kabariti, Joshua Luck, Guo Liang Yong, Tanzeela Gala, David Bunting, Lydia Longstaff, Ye Ru Chin, J Edward Fitzgerald, Giuliano Borda-Luque, Ainhoa Costas-Chavarri, Stuart J Fergusson, Anyomih Theophilus Teddy Kojo, Adewale O Adisa, Tomas Poškus, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Sebastian Shu, Afnan Altamini, Andrew Kirby, Gustavo Recinos, Jen Cornick, Maria Marta Modolo, Sayeda Nazmum Nahar, Ade Waterman, Ismail Lawini, Mohammed Firdouse, Tyler Rouse, Qinyang Liu, Juan Camilo Correa, Peep Talving, Dushyant Iyer, Tom Arthur, MariaLorena Aguilera, Basant Kumar, Radhian Amandito, Roy Quek, Luca Ansaloni, Ahmed Altibi, Donatas Venskutonis, Justas Zilinskas, YongYong Tew, Ramos-DelaMedina Antonio, Zineb Bent, Ibrahim Al-Slaibi, Haya Tahboub, Osaid H Alser, Diego Romani, Sebestian Shu, Piotr Major, Aurel Mironescu, Matei Bratu, Amar Kourdouli, Saint Kitts, Mohammed Ubaid Alsaggaf, Ahmad Gudal, Al Faifi Jubran, Sierra Leone, Sam Seisay, Bettina Lieske, Irene Ortega, Jenifa Jeyakumar, Kithsiri Senanayake, Omar Abdulbagi, Yucel Cengiz, Dmitri Raptis, Yuksel Altinel, Chia Kong, Ella Teasdale, Sukrit Suresh, Katherine Gash, Mark Scott, Ragavan Narayanan, Besmir Grizhja, Shpetim Ymeri, Gezim Galiqi, Roberto Klappenbach, Diego Antezana, Alvaro Enrique MendozaBeleño, Cecilia Costa, Belen Sanchez, Susan Aviles, Claudio Gabriel Fermani, Rubén Balmaceda, Santiago Villalobos, Juan Manuel Carmona, Daniel Hamill, Peter Deutschmann, Simone Sandler, Daniel Cox, Ram Nataraja, Claire Sharpin, Damir Ljuhar, Demi Gray, Morgan Haines, Dush Iyer, Nithya Niranjan, Scott D'Amours, Morvarid Ashtari, Helena Franco, Ashrarur Rahman Mitul, Sabbir Karim, Nowrin F Aman, Mahnuma Mahfuz Estee, Umme Salma, Joyeta Razzaque, Tasnia Hamidkanta, Sayeedaaktar Tori, Md Shadid Alamin, Swapnil Roy, Md Shadid Al Amin, Muhtarima Haque, Amreen Faruq, Farhana Iftekhar Margaret, Greg Padmore O'Shea, Ramesh Jonnalagadda, Aliaksandr Filatau, Dzmitry Paulouski, Maryna Shubianok, Tatsiana Shachykava, Dzianis Khokha, Vladimir Khokha, Fernande Djivoh, Francis Dossou, Dansou Gaspard Gbessi, Bruno Noukpozounkou, Yacoubou Imorou Souaibou, Kpèmahouton René Keke, Fred Hodonou, Ernestyemalinstephane Ahounou, Thierry Alihonou, Max Dénakpo, Germain Ahlonsou, Alemayehu Ginbo Bedada, Carlos Nsengiyumva, Sandrine Kwizera, Venerand Barendegere, Simon Stock, Luai Jamal, Georges Azzie, Sameer Kushwaha, Tzu-Ling Chen, Chingwan Yip, Irene Montes, Felipe Zapata, Sebastian Sierra, Mohamed Youssef, Hossam Elfeki, Waleed Thabet, Aly Sanad, Ahmed Zaki, Noran Abdel-Hameed, Esraa Abd Elkhalek, Yehia Zakaria, Tarek Ezzat, Ali Abo ElDahab, Mohamed Kelany, Sara Arafa, OsamaMokhtar Mohamed Hassan, Nermin Mohamed Badwi, Ahmad Saber Sleem, Hussien Ahmed, Kholoud Abdelbadeai, Mohamed Abozed Abdullah, Muhammadamsyarauni Lokman, Suraya Bahar, Anan Radyabdelazeam, Abdelrahman Adelshone, Muhammad Bin Hasnan, Athirah Zulkifli, Siti NurAlia Kamarulzamil, Abdelaziz Elhendawy, Aliang Latif, Ahmad Bin Adnan, Shahadatul Shaharuddin, Aminah HanumHaji AbdulMajid, Mahmoud Amreia, Dina Al-Marakby, Mahmoud Salma, Mohamadjeffreybin Ismail, Elissa Rifhan MohdBasir, Citra Dewi MohdAli, Aya Yehia Ata, Maha Nasr, Asmaa Rezq, Ahmed Sheta, Sherif Tariq, Abdelkhalek Sallam, Abdelrhman KZ Darwish, Sohaila Elmihy, Shady El Hadry, Ahmed Farag, Haidar Hajah, Abdelaziz Seliem, Amro Aglan, Ahmed Zohair, Mahitab Essam, Omar Moussa, Esraa El-Gizawy, Mostafa Samy, Safia Ali, Esraa Elhalawany, Ahmed Ata, Mohamed Elhalawany, Mohamed Nashat, Samar Soliman, Alaa Elazab, Mostada Samy, Mohamed A Abdelaziz, Khaled Ibrahim, Ahmed mohamed Ibrahim, Ammar Gado, Usama Hantour, Esraa Alm Eldeen, Mohamed Reda loaloa, Arwa Abouzaid, Mostafa Ahmedbahaaeldin, Eman Hashad, Fathy Sroor, Doaa Gamil, Eman Mahmoudabdulhakeem, Mahmoud Zakaria, Fawzy Mohamed, Marwan Abubakr, Elsayed Ali, Hesham Magdy, Mennatallah Ramadan, Mohamed Abdelatymohamed, Salma Mansour, Hager Abdulazizamin, Ahmed Rabiemohamed, Mahmoud Saami, Nada Ahmedredaelsayed, Adham Tarek, Sabry Mohyeldeenmahmoud, Islam MagdyEl Sayed, Amira Reda, Martina Yusufshawky, Mohammed Mousasalem, Shahinaz Alaa El-Din, Noha Abdullah Soliman, Muhammed Talaat, Shahinaz Alaael-Dein AhmedAbdelmoenelhusseiny, Noha Abdullah, Mohammed Elshaar, Aya Abdelfatahibraheem, Hager Abdulaziz, Mohammed Kamal Ismail, Mona Hamdymadkor, Mohamed Abdelaty, Sara Mahmoudabdel Kader, Osama Mohamedsalah, Mahmoud Eldafrawy, Ahmed Zakieldeeb, Mostafa Mahmoudeid, Attia Attia, Khalid Salah El-Dien, Ayman Shwky, Mohamed Adel Badenjki, Abdelrahman Soliman, Samaa Mahmoud Al Attar, Farrag Sayed, Fahd Abdelsabour, Mohammed G Azizeldine, Muhammad Shawqi, Abdullah Hashim, Ahmed Aamer, Ahmed Mahmoud Abdel Raouf, Mahmoud Abdelshakour, Amal Ibrahim, Basma Mahmoud, Mohamed Ali Mahmoud, Mostafa Qenawy, Ahmed M Rashed, Ahmed Dahy, Marwa Sayed, Ahmed W Shamsedine, Bakeer Mohamed, Ahmad Hasan, Mahmoud M Saad, Khalil Abdulbassit, Nadia Khalidabdelatif, Nada Elzahed, Ahmed Elkashash, Sarah Hafez, Ahmed Gad, Mahmoud Elkhadragy Maher, Ahmed Abdelsameea, Mohamed Hafez, Ahmad Sabe, Vassilis Kalles, Nada Mohamed Bekheta, Ataa Ahmed, Ahmed Shahine, Khaled Dawood, Shireen Gaafar, Reem Husseiny, Omnia Aboelmagd, Nourhan Mesbah, Hossam Emadeldin, Amgad Almeligy, Amira Hassan Bekhet, Doaa Hasan, Khaled Alhady, Ahmad Khaled Sabe, Mahmoud A Elnajjar, Majed Aboelella, Ward Hamsho, Ihab Hassan, Hala Saad, Galaleldin Abdelazim, Hend Mahmoud, Noha Wael, Ahmedali M Kandil, Ahmed Magdy, Shimaa Saidelkholy, Badreldineadel Adel, Kareem Dabbour, Saged Elsherbiney, Omar Mattar, Abdulshafi Khaled Abdrabou, Mohammed Yahia mohamedAly, Abdelrahman Geuoshy, Ahmedglal Elnagar, Saraibrahim Ahmed, Ibrahem Abdelmotaleb, Amr Ahmed Saleh, Hesham Mohammedbakry, Manar Saeed, Shady Mahmoud, Badreldinadel Tawfik, Samar Adel Ismail, Esraay Zakaria, Mariam O Gad‏, Mohamedsalah Elhelbawy, Monica Bassem, Nadia Khaledabdel-Latif, Noha Maraie, Nourhan Medhat Elhadary, Nourhan Semeda, Shaza Rabiemohamed, Hesham Mohammed Bakry, AA Essam, Dina Tarek, Khlood Ashour, Alaa Elhadad, Abdulrahman Abdel-Aty, Ibrahim Rakha, Sara Mamdouh Matter, Rasha Abdelhamed, Omar Abdelkader, Ayat Hassaan, Yasmin Soliman, Amna Mohamed, Sara Ghanem, Sara Amr MohamedFarouk, Eman Mohamed Ibrahim, Esraa El-Taher, Merna Mostafa, Mohamedfawzy Mahrousbadr, Rofida Elsemelawy AyaEl-Sawy, Ahmad Bakr, Ahmad Abdel Razaq 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Park, Ramanish Ravishankar, Kirsten Mcintosh, Jih Dar Yau, Luke Chan, Susan Mcgarvie, Lingshan Tang, Hui Lim, Suhhuey Yap, Zhanherr Ng, Shahrukh Mirza, Yun Lin Ang, Luke Walls, Chloe Roy, Julian Camilleri-Brennan, Kenneth Mclean, Michelle D'souza, David Ewart Henshall, Eunicezuling Ter, William English, Dominic Townsend, Laura Maciejec, Shareef Mahdi, Onyinye Akpenyi, Elisabeth Hall, Hanaan Caydiid, Zakaria Rob, Hew D Torrance, Robin Johnston, Mohammedakil Gani, Gianpiero Gravante, Shivanchan Rajmohan, Kiran Majid, Madanmohan Palliyil, Neil Harvey, Katie Baillie, Sam Shillito, Suzanne Kershaw, Rebecca Bamford, Peter Orton, Elke Reunis, Robert Tyler, Waicheong Soon, Guled M. Jama, Dharminder Dhillon, Khyati Patel, Shayanthan Nanthakumaran, Rachel Heard, Kar Yan Chen, Behrad Barmayehvar, Uttaran Datta, Sobhana Iftekhartani, Eimear Monaghan, Philippa Donnelly, Michael Walker, Jehangirshaw Parakh, Sarah Blacker, Anil Kaul, Arjun Paramasivan, Sameh Farag, Ashrafun Nessa, Salwa Awadallah, Jieqi Lim, James Cheankhunng, Ravi P. Kiran, Alice Murray, Eric Etchill, Mohini Dasari, Juan Puyana, Nadeem Haddad, Martin Zielinski, Asad Choudhry, Celeste Caliman, Mieshia Beamon, Therese Duane, Mamta Swaroop, Rebecca Deal, Erik Schadde, Mark Hemmila, Lena Napolitano, Kathleen To, Joseph Musowoya, Niels Van Der Naald, Dayson Kumwenda, Alex Reece-Smith, Kars Otten, Anna Verbeek, Marloes Prins, Alibeth Andres Baquero Suarez, Chelsea Deane, Emilio Dijan, Mahmoud Elfiky, Laura Koskenvuo, Aurore Thollot, Bernard Limoges, Carmen Capito, Challine Alexandre, Henri Kotobi, Julien Leroux, Kalitha Pinnagoda, Nicolas Henric, Olivier Azzis, Olivier Rosello, Poddevin Francois, Sara Etienne, Philippe Buisson, Sophian Hmila, Joe-Nat Clegg-Lamptey, Osman Imoro, Owusu Emmanuel Abem, Dimitrios Papageorgiou, Vasiliki Soulou, Sabrina Asturias, Lenin Peña, Donal B O’Connor, Alberto Realis Luc, Alfio Alessandro Russo, Antonio Taddei, Camilla Cona, Corrado Bottini, Giovanni Pascale, Giuseppe Rotunno, Marco Maria Pascale, Margherita Notarnicola, Mario Corbellino, Paolo Ubiali, Roberto Cautiero, Tommaso Bocchetti, Elena Muzio, Vania Guglielmo, Eugenio Morandi, Patrizio Mao, Emilia De Luca, Farah Mahmoud Ali, Paulius Kondrotas, Robertas Baltrunas, Juozas Kutkevicius, Povilas Ignatavicius, Choy Ling Tan, Jia Yng Siaw, Sir Young Yam, Ling Wilson, Mohamed Rezal Abdul Aziz, John Bondin, Carmina Diaz Zorrilla, Anass Majbar, Agboola Taiwo, Emeka Nwabuoku, Marte BliksØen, Zain Ali Khan, Jazmin Coronel, Cesar Miranda, Idelso Vasquez, Luis M. Helguero-Santin, Adesina Adedeji, Saleh Alqahtani, Max Rath, Michael Van Niekerk, Modise Zacharia Koto, Roel Matos-Puig, Leif Israelsson, Tobias Schuetz, Mahmut Arif Yuksek, Meric Mericliler, Bernhard Wolf, Cameron Fairfield, Katharine Whitehurst, Natalie Redgrave, Caroluce K Musyoka, Michael Cox, Muhamed M H Farhan-Alanie, Rory Callan, Chali Chibuye, Tebian Hassanein Ahmed Ali, Syrine Rekhis, Muna Rommaneh, Zi Hao Sam, Thays Brunelli Pugliesi, Gabriel Pardo, and Ruth Blanco
Subjects: Medicine (General), R5-920, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: Introduction Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). However, there is a lack of data available about SSI in children worldwide, especially from low-income and middle-income countries. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of SSI in children and associations between SSI and morbidity across human development settings.Methods A multicentre, international, prospective, validated cohort study of children aged under 16 years undergoing clean-contaminated, contaminated or dirty gastrointestinal surgery. Any hospital in the world providing paediatric surgery was eligible to contribute data between January and July 2016. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI by 30 days. Relationships between explanatory variables and SSI were examined using multilevel logistic regression. Countries were stratified into high development, middle development and low development groups using the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI).Results Of 1159 children across 181 hospitals in 51 countries, 523 (45·1%) children were from high HDI, 397 (34·2%) from middle HDI and 239 (20·6%) from low HDI countries. The 30-day SSI rate was 6.3% (33/523) in high HDI, 12·8% (51/397) in middle HDI and 24·7% (59/239) in low HDI countries. SSI was associated with higher incidence of 30-day mortality, intervention, organ-space infection and other HAIs, with the highest rates seen in low HDI countries. Median length of stay in patients who had an SSI was longer (7.0 days), compared with 3.0 days in patients who did not have an SSI. Use of laparoscopy was associated with significantly lower SSI rates, even after accounting for HDI.Conclusion The odds of SSI in children is nearly four times greater in low HDI compared with high HDI countries. Policies to reduce SSI should be prioritised as part of the wider global agenda.
Published: 2020
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47. Patient characteristics associated with COVID-19 positivity and fatality in Nigeria: retrospective cohort study

Author: Ibrahim Abubakar, Muhammad Usman, Chikwe Ihekweazu, Puja Myles, Kelly Osezele Elimian, Chinwe Lucia Ochu, Blessing Ebhodaghe, Emily E Crawford, Ehimario Igumbor, Winifred Ukponu, Adobola Olayinka, Olusola Aruna, Chioma Dan-Nwafor, Olatayo Ayodeji Olawepo, Oladipo Ogunbode, Rhoda Atteh, William Nwachukwu, Sudhir Venkatesan, Chijioke Obagha, Samuel Ngishe, Kabir Suleiman, Hakeem Abiola Yusuff, Ifeoma Nwadiuto, Abbas Aliyu Mohammed, Rabi Usman, Nwando Mba, Olaolu Aderinola, Elsie Ilori, and John Oladejo
Subjects: Medicine
Abstract: Objective Despite the increasing disease burden, there is a dearth of context-specific evidence on the risk factors for COVID-19 positivity and subsequent death in Nigeria. Thus, the study objective was to identify context-specific factors associated with testing positive for COVID-19 and fatality in Nigeria.Design Retrospective cohort study.Setting COVID-19 surveillance and laboratory centres in 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory reporting data to the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control.Participants Individuals who were investigated for SARS-CoV-2 using real-time PCR testing during the study period 27 February–8 June 2020.Methods COVID-19 positivity and subsequent mortality. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors independently associated with both outcome variables, and findings are presented as adjusted ORs (aORs) and 95% CIs.Results A total of 36 496 patients were tested for COVID-19, with 10 517 confirmed cases. Of 3215 confirmed cases with available clinical outcomes, 295 died. Factors independently associated with COVID-19 positivity were older age (p value for trend
Published: 2020
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48. Genetic algorithm-determined deep feedforward neural network architecture for predicting electricity consumption in real buildings

Author: X.J. Luo, Lukumon O. Oyedele, Anuoluwapo O. Ajayi, Olugbenga O. Akinade, Juan Manuel Davila Delgado, Hakeem A. Owolabi, and Ashraf Ahmed
Subjects: Prediction, Deep learning, Feedforward neural network, Genetic algorithm, Electricity consumption, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971, Computer software, QA76.75-76.765
Abstract: A genetic algorithm-determined deep feedforward neural network architecture (GA-DFNN) is proposed for both day-ahead hourly and week-ahead daily electricity consumption of a real-world campus building in the United Kingdom. Due to the comprehensive relationship between affecting factors and real-world building electricity consumption, the adoption of multiple hidden layers in the deep neural network (DFNN) algorithm would improve its prediction accuracy. The architecture of a DFNN model mainly refers to its quantity of hidden layers, quantity of neurons in the hidden layers, activation function in each layer and learning process to obtain the connecting weights. The optimal architecture of DFNN model was generally determined through a trial-and-error process, which is an exponential combinatorial problem and a tedious task. To address this problem, genetic algorithm (GA) is adopted to automatically design an optimal architecture with improved generalization ability. One year and six months of measurement data from a campus building is used for training and testing the proposed GA-DFNN model, respectively. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed GA-DFNN prediction model, its prediction performance, including mean absolute percentage error, coefficient of determination, root mean square error and mean absolute error, was compared to the reference feedforward neural network models with single hidden layer, DFNN models with other architecture, random search determined DFNN model, long-short-term-memory model and temporal convolutional network model. The comparison results show that the proposed GA-DFNN predictive model has superior performance than all the reference prediction models, demonstrating the optimization effectiveness of GA and the prediction effectiveness of DFNN model with multiple hidden layers and optimal architecture.
Published: 2020
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49. Prevalence and correlates of psychiatric morbidity, comorbid anxiety and depression among medical students in public and private tertiary institution in a Nigerian state: a cross-sectional analytical study

Author: Joshua Falade, Hakeem Adedayo Oyebanji, Adefunke Olarinre abatola, Olusola Olawumi Falade, and Temitope Olumuyiwa Ojo
Subjects: comorbid anxiety and depression, psychiatric morbidity, medical students, private and public institutions, nigeria, Medicine
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: The study assessed the prevalence and factors associated with psychiatric morbidity (an array of psychological disorders), and comorbid anxiety and depression among medical students in Ekiti State, Nigeria. METHODS: a cross-sectional study of medical students in two universities (one public and one private) in Ekiti state was conducted. A semi-structured questionnaire with adapted questions from the General Health Questionnaire and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to obtain information on socio-demographic characteristics, psychiatric morbidity and comorbid anxiety and depression. Data was collected from April 2019 to August 2019. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. RESULTS: a total of 944 medical students participated in the survey. The overall prevalence of psychiatric morbidity and comorbid anxiety and depression among the respondents was 25.0% (CI = 22.1-27.8) and 14.3% (CI = 12.3-16.5) respectively. The factors independently associated with psychiatric morbidity included being a student of a private institution [Adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =6.533, [95% confidence interval [C.I] =3.298-12.940], average academic performance [AOR =1.711, [95% C.I =1.173-2.496], below average academic performance [AOR =2.425, [95% C.I =1.313-4.478], and having a father or a mother with highest level of formal education below first degree [AOR =3.147, [95% C.I =1.579-6.272] and [AOR =2.053, [95% C.I =1.074-3.927] respectively. The factors independently associated with comorbid anxiety and depression were being a student receiving less than one dollar equivalent per day as allowance [AOR = 1.953, [95% C.I = 1.135-3.360] and being a student from the Igbo ethnic group [AOR = 0.533, [95% C.I = 0.333-0.853]. CONCLUSION: the prevalence of psychiatry morbidity and comorbid anxiety and depression was high among medical students in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Periodic medical [mental health] screening for medical students may be appropriate to screen, detect and manage psychiatric comorbidities. This will help to ensure optimal mental health for this group of university students.
Published: 2020
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50. Big data innovation and diffusion in projects teams: Towards a conflict prevention culture

Author: Ahmed Oyedele, Hakeem A. Owolabi, Lukumon O. Oyedele, and Oladimeji A. Olawale
Subjects: Conflict, Diffusion of big data innovation, Project teams, Project-based organisations, Critical success factors, Conflict prevention, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Building construction, TH1-9745
Abstract: Despite the enormous literature on how team conflicts can be managed and resolved, this study diverges, by examining factors that facilitate conflict prevention culture in project teams, especially when introducing Big Data Technology. Relying on findings from relevant literatures and focus group discussions, 28 attributes for embedding conflict prevention culture were identified and put together in questionnaire survey. Series of statistical tests including reliability analysis and exploratory factor-analysis. The results identified five critical success factors for entrenching the culture of conflict prevention in project teams introducing big data driving innovations. The five-factor solution include “building effective relationship”, “effective project communications”, “project team efficacy”, “pro-active conflict management approach” and “effectual project documentation”. Result of this study presents a Conceptual framework for effective management of human resource in relation to conflict prevention among project teams, as an effective strategy for facilitating seamless adoption and diffusion of big data innovation in organisations.
Published: 2020
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