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Emek yoğun bir üretim yapısına sahip olan tekstil, giyim eşyası ve deri ürünleri sektörü (TGD); özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerde sanayileşme, üretim hacmi ve istihdam üzerindeki potansiyel etkisi nedeniyle ülke ekonomileri için oldukça önemli bir sektör olarak kabul edilmektedir. Son yıllarda dünya TGD sektörü içerisinde önde gelen ülkelerden biri olan Türkiye, dünya pazarı içerisindeki konumunu gün geçtikçe sağlamlaştırmaktadır. Bu sektörün gelişimi adına sektörde bulunan işletmelerin istikrarlı bir finansal performans göstermeleri gerekmektedir. Finansal performansın en önemli belirleyicilerinden biri kârlılık göstergeleridir. Bu sebeple sektördeki gelişimin devam etmesi için sektördeki işletmelerin kârlılıkları ve kârlılık üzerinde etkili etmenlerin belirlenmesi önem kazanmaktadır. Bu etmenler içsel olabildiği gibi dışsal da olabilmektedir. Dolayısıyla çalışmanın amacı, 2013-2020 yılları arasında BİST bünyesinde işlem gören, tekstil, giyim eşyası ve deri (TGD) sektöründe faaliyet gösteren firmaların kârlılıkları üzerinde etkili olan etmenlerin tespit edilmesi olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda ilgili dönemde Borsa İstanbul’da işlem gören 20 adet tekstil işletmesinin yıllık finansal verileri ve makroekonomik göstergeler Arrellano-Bover//Blundell-Bond (1998) İki Aşamalı Sistem GMM tahmincisiyle analize tabi tutulmuştur. Yapılan analizler neticesinde kârlılık ile kârlılığın gecikmeli değeri, finansal kaldıraç oranı, firma büyüklüğü, ekonomik büyüme, imalat sanayi kapasite kullanım oranı ve enflasyon oranı arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişkiler tespit edilmiştir. Analiz bulgularına göre, ilgili dönemde kârlılığın gecikmeli değeri, firma büyüklüğü, ekonomik büyüme ve enflasyon oranı kârlılık üzerinde pozitif; finansal kaldıraç kullanımı ve faiz oranı ise negatif bir etkiye sahiptir., The textile, wearing apparel, leather (TWL) industry has a labor-intensive production structure. Especially in developing countries, the sector is considered to be a very important sector for national economies due to its potential impact on industrialization, production volume and employment. In recent years Turkey is one of the leading countries in the world TGD industry and strengthens its position in the world market. For the development of this sector, the companies in the sector need to show a stable financial performance. One of the most important determinants of financial performance is profitability indicators. For this reason, it is important to determine the profitability of the companies in the sector and the factors affecting the profitability in order to continue the development of this sector. These factors can be internal as well as external. Therefore, the aim of the study is to determine the factors that affect the operating profitability of companies operating in the TWL sector, traded in Borsa Istanbul between the years 2013-2020. For this purpose, the annual financial data and selected macroeconomic indicators of 20 TWL traded in Borsa Istanbul during the relevant period has been analyzed with the Arrellano-Bover//Blundell-Bond (1998) Two-Stage System GMM estimator. As a result of the analyzes, statistically significant relationships has been found between operating profit and lagged value of operating profit, financial leverage ratio, firm size, economic growth, manufacturing industry capacity utilization rate and inflation rate. According to the analysis findings, the lagged value of operating profit, firm size, economic growth and inflation rate are positive on operating profit and the use of financial leverage and interest rate have a negative effect on operating profit.during the relevant period.

Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’nün 2020 yılında COVID-19’u pandemi ilan etmesiyle birlikte devam eden süreç küresel ekonomide büyük şokların yaşanmasına sebep oldu. Pandemiyle birlikte küresel tedarik zincirleri ve beraberinde emtia fiyatları ciddi şekilde etkilendi. Emtia fiyatlarındaki yükseliş ülke ekonomileri üzerindeki enflasyonist baskıları artırdı. Enflasyonist baskılar ise firmaların nakit akışlarını dolayısıyla pay senetlerinin fiyatlarını da etkiledi. Bu durumda finansal yatırımcıların risk iştahının etkilemesi kaçınılmazdı. Bu çalışmada COVID-19 pandemisinin finansal piyasalara yansıması olarak kabul gören Bulaşıcı Hastalıklar Endeksi (EMVID) ile Türkiye’deki yatırımcılar için risk iştahı göstergesi olan Risk İştahı Endeksi (RISE) endeksi arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi araştırılmıştır. İlgili değişkenlerin Ocak 2000 – Eylül 2022 tarihleri arasında haftalık veriler kullanılarak Granger Nedensellik ve Breitung ve Candelon Frekans nedensellik testleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Granger Nedensellik testi sonuçlarına göre EMVID endeksinden RISE endeksine doğru bir nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir. Breitung ve Candelon Frekans Nedensellik test sonuçlarına göre ise EMVID endeksinden RISE endeksine doğru hem kalıcı hem de geçici nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir.

Aim: This study aims to investigate the neovascularization-inhibiting effect of topical nilotinib and to determine the effective dose of nilotinib. Material and Method: In this study, 42 healthy Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into six groups. The left corneas of all rats except group 1 were cauterized with silver nitrate. Group 1 was the healthy control, with no corneal vascularization, which did not receive any treatment; Group 2 (sham) did not receive treatment, only topical DMSO; Groups 3, 4, and 5 received topical nilotinib at doses of 10, 20, and 40 μM three times a day, respectively; Group 6 received 5 mg/dL topical bevacizumab three times for a day for seven days. On the 8th day, photographs of the corneas were taken, and the percentage of corneal neovascularization area was calculated. Following all rats being killed via anesthesia, the corneas were removed to determine the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) ELISA and corneal immune staining. Results: Other than Group 3, the percentage of neovascular corneal area was lower in the treatment groups compared to Group 2 (p

PurposeThe recent dynamics of trade policy, especially that is associated with the United States of America (USA) and China, has not only triggered policy adjustments in two economies, it has also implied an uncertainty spillover to other economies across the globe. Consequently, the current study attempts to examine the effect of uncertainties in the USA–China trade policies on stock market indexes. In addition, the cointegration evidence between the USA–China trade policy uncertainty index and of the leading Global South fragile quintet (Brazil, Indonesia, South Africa, India and Turkey) stock market indices is investigated.Design/methodology/approachMainly, the FMOLS and DOLS Granger causality analysis with cointegration coefficient estimators were employed for the dataset over the monthly data period of March 2003 and July 2019.FindingsAccordingly, the study found a long-term relationship between the USA–China Trade Policy Uncertainty index and the stock exchange indexes. In addition, a causal relationship was established from the change in the USA–China Trade Policy Uncertainty index to the change in the stock market indexes of almost all of the examined countries (Brazil, Indonesia, South Africa, India and Turkey). In addition, the nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag approach further offers evidence of asymmetric relationship among the examined indicators.Originality/valueMoreover, this study contributed to the existing literature because it employed the indexes of BIST100, BOVESPA, BSE Sensex 30, IDX Composite and South Africa 40 in a novel approach. Thus, the study posited a useful policy guideline for associated economic uncertainties arising from the trade dispute, such as the case of the world’s two largest trading giants or partners (i.e. the USA and China).

Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a disorder of melanin biosynthesis characterized by hypopigmentation of the skin, hair, and retinal pigment epithelium. We present the clinical and laboratory features of two siblings, born to consanguineous Turkish parents, who were diagnosed with autosomal recessive OCA type 7. We detected a homozygous mutation in the C10ORF11 gene (p.A23Rfs * 39) in both patients. Interestingly, the medical history revealed that both patients had suffered from recurrent respiratory tract infections since birth. The patients were investigated for suspected immunodeficiency and the results of the immune screening assays were normal. We believe these patients are noteworthy to report since presentation with infections has not been described in the prior descriptions of OCA type 7. As of this current writing, infectious problems have stopped in one of our cases since the age of five and a half years. Keywords: Oculocutaneous albinism type 7, recurrent infection, immune system, genetic analysis, C10ORF11 gene

We review the known biotopes of Aricia teberdina nahizerica in Turkey, including those mentioned in the literature, and discuss our attempts at monitoring the effects of human-based activities on these biotopes. Forty years have elapsed since the first description of subspecies nahizerica (Eckweiler, 1978). During this 40-year period, and increasingly so during the past 10 years, construction and agricultural activities have increased enormously at the biotopes. Our target species was finally found after seven years of searching that involved over 300 visits to over 70 different sites. Although it is still possible to find the subspecies at the previously observed biotopes, it is very clear that the increasingly negative influences caused by human intervention will further threaten its existence in the near future. The conservation status was determined as 'Endangered' in the Red List of Turkey in 2011.

The purpose of this study was to compare the neovascularization inhibiting the effect of topical bevacizumab and sorafenib and to determine the effective dose of sorafenib.Forty-two healthy Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into six groups. The right corneas of all rats except group 1 were cauterised with silver nitrate. Group 2 received DMSO, group 3 received topical bevacizumab (5 mg/dL, 3 times a day) and group 4, 5 and 6 received topical sorafenib (2.5 mg/dl, 5 mg/dL, 7.5 mg/dL, 2 times a day respectively), between days 1 and 7. Corneal photographs were taken on day 8 and the corneal neovascular area percentage was calculated. Following decapitation, the corneas were removed to determine the levels of VEGF ELİSA and corneal immune staining. The Mann-WhitneyThe neovascular corneal area percentage was statistically significantly lower in the treatment groups than group 2 (Sorafenib was as effective as bevacizumab in the regression of corneal neovascularization. The effect of sorafenib seems to be dose-dependent. The low doses and twice a day administration are important advantages of sorafenib.

WOS:000604486400035 PubMed: 32823415 Purpose: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of cortistatin (CST) in endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) model and to compare the results with corticosteroid treatment. Methods: A total of 35 healthy Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into five groups. EIU was induced by a single subcutaneous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Group I received intraperitoneal (ip) normal saline (NS), Group II received ip 150 mu g LPS plus NS, Group III received ip 150 mu g LPS plus 250 mu g/kg CST, Group IV received ip 150 mu g LPS plus 1mg/kg dexamethasone, and Group V received ip 250 mu g/kg CST only. The aqueous humor was collected 24 h after injection and the infiltrating cells were determined. Moreover, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations were also performed. Results: The clinical score and infiltrated cell count were reduced in Groups III and IV compared with Group II (P < 0.001). The pathological findings of Groups III and IV were significantly reduced compared with Group II (P < 0.001). These findings were similar between Groups III and IV (P = 1.000). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) immunoreactivity in the ciliary body of Group III and Group IV were significantly reduced compared with Group II (P < 0.001). TNF- and IL-1 beta immunoreactivity in the ciliary body of Group III and Group IV were similar compared with Group I and Group V (range of P values was 0.539-0.958). Conclusion: CST administration as a therapeutic agent might ameliorate the severity of intraocular inflammation in uveitis patients. In conclusion, effect of CST and dexamethasone in EIU model was comparable.

Purpose: To evaluate the aqueous humor and serum cortistatin levels in diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy and its relationship with various metabolic markers that have been reported to be associated with diabetes mellitus. Methods: The current study included 20 diabetes mellitus patients with diabetic retinopathy, 20 diabetes mellitus patients without diabetic retinopathy, and 20 healthy control subjects with the same sex and age characteristics. Aqueous humor and serum cortistatin, fasting blood glucose, hemoglobinA1c, 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, blood lipid profiles, and body mass index were measured in all subjects. Results: In diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy and in healthy control subjects, the mean aqueous humor cortistatin levels were 25.55 ± 2.03, 27.71 ± 2.01, and 32.76 ± 3.43 ng/mL, respectively. Likewise, the mean serum cortistatin levels were 6.16 ± 1.08, 6.57 ± 1.00, and 7.56 ± 1.51 ng/mL, respectively. Aqueous humor cortistatin levels were decreased in diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy when compared to healthy controls ( p Conclusion: Aqueous humor cortistatin levels were decreased in diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy. The results suggest that a local decrease in the amount of cortistatin may play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.

Objective Adjacent segment disease is a controversial process after spine stabilization. The two important factors discussed are natural aging and hypermobility in incidental segmental fusion anomalies; patients have two or more fused vertebrae from birth, which are the results of spinal movement restriction due to the fusion of some spinal units. This article's main purpose is to determine the degree of relationship of hypermobility and the aging process in the deterioration of the disks adjacent to fusion. Methods In this study, the degenerative process developed by hypermobility in the adjacent segment due to incidental segmental fusion was evaluated. The MRI images of 52 adjacent and nonadjacent disks of 45 patients in total were analyzed according to the Pfirrmann grading systems. The average Pfirrmann rating of the disks just above and below the fused segment and the distant first, second, and third non-neighboring levels were evaluated and calculated, respectively. Results The highest rate of incidental fusion is determined on the cervical area with 51.9%, followed by the thoracal area with 32.7%, and the lumbar area with 15.4%. Damage to the adjacent segment disks in cases with incidental fusion can still be seen at any age, with fusion, indicating that the hypermobility effect plays a more prominent role. The evidence of hypermobility without aging is that the segments adjacent to fusion undergo more degeneration than the distant disks. Conclusion Adjacent segment disease is under the influence of many factors. Our findings suggest that its incidence is increasing with the pathological processes initiated by hypermobility. It seems that, at least, it carries equal importance as compared to age. Fusion surgeries damage the adjacent segments under the influence of the passage of time beyond the physiological aging of the patient.

With the increasing challenge of attaining sustainable balance in socioeconomic-ecosystem activities, the aspects of the global goals are continously being harnesed in order to ensure a sustainable interaction. As an alliance of the United Nations, the G-20 member countries have not only committed to attaining the Sustainable Development Goals 2030, the alliance body has further fostered frameworks that are targeted at advancing global economic and environmental sustainability. Within this context, the current study examined the environmental sustainability effects arising from the economic freedom prowess in the panel of the G-20 economies over the period 2000–2016. Among the sparse studies, the study employed the indices of economic freedom: freedom to trade internationally, regulation, sound money, legal framework, and property right and alongside the real income and renewable energy consumption as explanatory indicators. With the result of the difference- and two-step system GMM (generalized method of moments), the legal system and property right, sound money, freedom to international trade, and regulatory efficiency are detrimental to the panel countries’ environmental quality. Although this is likely to be untrue for countries that have advanced their climate actions and especially the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030, it suggests a dearth in the SDGs achievement among the developing and emerging economies. Moreover, it probably shows the depth of traditional or business-as-usual practices (such as the lack of sustainable economic and environmental practices) and the socioeconomic system that are obtainable in most of the developing and emerging economies. Thus, the study put forward tangible policies that are essential for governance and toward attaining desirable country-specific SDGs.

In the recent time, there has been increasing importance of tourism development to the global economic dynamics inspite of the global uncertainties. In this regard, the current study is aimed to find out if the volatility index (VIX) affects the returns of the firms operating in the tourism sector in 11 countries. The relationship between the variables in the study was tested through causality and cointegration tests. As a result, the change in the VIX was found to have causality towards the change in the tourism indices of the countries except for the USA and Sri Lanka. In addition, it was found that there was a long-term relationship between the variables and that the increase in VIX caused a decrease in the return of tourism indices. Hence, the current study offers significant policy direction for the tourism industry operations and the government of the examined destination countries.

In this study, the statusof egg poultry in Hatay province was investigated. The main material of thestudy was the data obtained from face-to-face questionnaires by the fullcounting method from the 23 poultry enterprises producing eggs in Hatayprovince. The data obtained indicatedthat the average age of the producers was 44 years. It has been determined thatmore than 75% of producers have 1-5 years of experience. The installed capacityaverage of the businesses was 4627. Also, it was determined that approximatelyhalf of the enterprises were using the total production capacity. In addition,73.91% of the enterprises with a single coop and 86.96% of the feed was used bypurchasing. More than half of the enterprises provide labor permanently. Whilethe layers used are supplied from out of the Hatay Province, more than half ofthem use Atak-S, which are native genotypes. Two-thirds of the enterprises thatare preparing their own rations were continuing their production by receivingexternal technical support for preparing rations. The main problems of theenterprises in the region were the lack of qualified workers, the high feed andfeedstock prices, the low and unstable egg sales prices and the difficulty inobtaining the pullet. In order to solve these problems, it is necessary toraise the awareness of farmers about feed, pullet and marketing., Bu çalışma ile Hatay ilindeyumurta tavukçuluğunun durumu incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın ana materyalini Hatayİlinde üretim yapan 23 yumurta tavukçuluğu işletmesinden tam sayım yöntemiyleyüz yüze yapılan anketlerle elde edilen veriler oluşturmuştur. Elde edilen bulgulardan, üreticilerin yaşortalaması 44 yıldır. Üreticilerin %75’inden fazlasının 1-5 yıl arası deneyimesahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. İşletmelerin kurulu kapasite ortalaması 4627 adetolup bunların yaklaşık yarısı işletme kapasitesinin tamamını kullanmaktadır.Ayrıca işletmelerin % 73.91’i tek bir kümesten oluşmakta ve % 86.96’sıkullandığı yemi satın alarak üretim yapmaktadır. İşletmelerin yarısındanfazlası işgücü ihtiyacını işletme dışından karşılamaktadır. İşletmecilerin2/3’si kullandığı yarkaları il dışından temin ederken, yarısından fazlası yerligenotip olan Atak-S ırkını tercih etmektedir. Kalifiye işçi yetersizliği, yemve yem hammadde fiyatlarının yüksek olması, yumurta satış fiyatlarının düşükolması, fiyat istikrarsızlığı, yarka temin etme güçlüğü ve üreticiler arasındabirlik olmaması bölgedeki işletmelerin temel sorunlarıdır. Bu sorunları çözmekiçin yetiştiricilerin yem, yarka ve pazarlamaya yönelik sorunları ele almasıgerekmektedir.

In the United States, and in most countries, the real Gross Domestic Product grows at a faster pace than the real household income, thus the two indicators could potentially pose dissimilar information. Hence, the study considers the suitability of modeling the United States real disposable personal income (per capita) with the renewable energy consumption across the main sectors: electric and power, industrial and transportation, and residential and commercial. By employing the dynamic Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach, there is a significant and long-run increase in income (real disposable income) growth caused by a percent increase in the renewables consumed by the industrial sector during the examined period 1973:Q1-2018: Q2. The growth observed in the real growth disposable income with respect to the respective increase in renewable energy consumption in residential and commercial, electric and power is significantly more than the income growth. Similarly, the short-run dynamic is significant, like the Granger causality with feedback between income growth and industrial consumption. Granger causality also exists from the real disposable personal income to electric and powers sector consumption of renewable energy with feedback. The study proffers sustainable social and renewable energy mix policies for the United States.

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye hisse senedi piyasası (XU100), Amerika hisse senedi piyasası (SP500), Japonya hisse senedi piyasası (NIKKEI225) ve Almanya hisse senedi piyasası (DAX) arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi test edilmiştir. 03.01.2010 – 31.12.2017 yılları arasında seçilmiş dört farklı ülke endeksinin haftalık ortalamalarından oluşan araştırmada normallik testi, birim kök testi ve son olarak da farklı endekslerin nedensellik ilişkisini test etmek amacıyla Granger nedensellik testi uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, XU100 endeksinin DAX endeksi üzerinde, SP500 endeksinin NIKKIE225 endeksi üzerinde ve DAX endeksinin NIKKEI225 endeksi üzerinde tek yönlü ve anlamlı bir nedene sahip olduğu yönündeyken, geriye kalan endekseler arasında anlamlı bir nedensellik olmadığıdır.

Enterprises need to evaluate for themselves whether they are ready for Industry 4.0 to survive and develop in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Therefore, it is necessary to conceptualize or develop an Industry 4.0 readiness and maturity model with basic model dimensions. The present study aimed to review the maturity models available in the literature and to develop and implement a comprehensive maturity model that would eliminate the problems in the existing models. Most maturity models developed lack vital dimensions such as laws, incentives, and corporate culture. While developing the model, AHP and expert opinions were used to determine the dimension weights. The model was applied to 87 businesses in various industries at the Ankara Chamber of Industry Industrial Park in Turkey. The developed model calculates the maturity level of the enterprise for six dimensions. The data on 61 corporations where Industry 4.0 technologies were adopted were analyzed based on demographic variables such as the year of establishment, industry, size, capital, and turnover. These findings demonstrated that Industry 4.0 was introduced recently in Turkey and businesses are required to take further steps to keep up with the global digital transformation. Since the number of industries and corporations that are aware of the Industry 4.0 technologies is limited in Ankara, Turkey, only a few businesses adopted the Industry 4.0 technologies. This developed model will make an important contribution to the literature with its unique dimensions. It would pave the way for further research in various industries in Turkey and other nations where Industry 4.0 investments are new.

Ikinci Dunya Savasi sonrasinda onemi gittikce artan ve 19. Yuzyilin sonlarindan itibaren hem isletmeler hem de tuketiciler acisindan vazgecilmez bir kavram haline gelen kalitenin sureklilik kazanmasi icin isletmeler gerek uretim gerekse hizmet sektorunde olsun urettikleri urun veya hizmetlere ait kalite karakteristiklerini periyodik olarak kontrol etme cabasi icerisindedir. Kalitenin kontrol edilmesinde halen daha yaygin bir sekilde kullanilan klasik kontrol grafiklerinin yani sira son zamanlarda bircok alanda oldugu gibi kalite kontrol alaninda da fuzzy (fazi [1] ) mantik teorisi temelli kontrol grafiklerinin kullanimi da yayginlasmaya baslamistir. Bu calismada, kalite konusunda isletmeler icin daha hassas kalite kontrol olcumleri yapabilmeleri ve bununla birlikte isletmelerin daha dogru kararlar alabilmelerini saglayabilmek uzere klasik p-kontrol grafikleri ile fazi kontrol grafiklerinin karsilastirilmasi amaclanmistir. Bu amac dogrultusunda p kontrol grafikleri icin toplanan verilerin binom dagilima uyma varsayimi dikkate alinarak simulasyon teknigi ile veriler turetilmis ve analizler gerceklestirilmistir. Analizler sonucunda klasik p kontrol grafiklerinde kontrol sinirlari disinda cikan verilerin fazi kontrol grafiklerinde kontrol altinda oldugu gorulmustur. Bununla birlikte fazi kontrol grafiklerinin daha hassas olcumler yaparak isletmeleri gereksiz surec iyilestirme maliyetlerinden kurtarabildigi sonucuna ulasilmistir. [1] Armutlulu (2014: 22) yilindaki yayinlamis oldugu “Belirsizlik ve Fazi Aritmetigi Sosyal Bilimlerin Dili” adli kitabinda L.A. Zadeh’in “Fuzzy” kavrami icin vermis oldugu katki ve bu katkiya duymus oldugu sayginin yani sira kavramin Turkce literaturdeki “bulanik” ifadesinin “Fuzzy” kavramini tam karsilamadigini dusunmesinden dolayi “Fuzzy” kavrami icin “Fazi” ifadesini kullanmistir. Bu nedenle calisma da “Fuzzy” kavrami “Fazi” ifadesi kullanilarak ele alinacaktir.

Bu çalışmada Materials Calculator yazılımı kullanılarak, farklı molibdeniçeriğine sahip yüksek kromlu beyaz dökme demirlerin (ağırlıkça ~%19) ikilimsi fazdiyagramları (eşdeğer kesit haritaları) benzetilmiştir. Hesaplanan faz diyagramlarının doğruluğunutest etmek amacı ile, diyagramlardan belirli kompozisyonlarda okunan dönüşümsıcaklıkları, aynı kompozisyonlarda döküm sonrası yavaşça soğutularak üretilennumunelerin diferansiyel taramalı kalorimetri (İng.: Differential ScanningCalorimetry, DSC) analizi ile ölçülen faz dönüşüm sıcaklıkları ilekarşılaştırılmıştır. Yine aynı amaçla, faz diyagramlarından okunan düşüksıcaklık fazları ve döküm ile üretilen numunelerin içindeki, X-ışını kırınımyöntemi (İng.: X-Ray Diffraction, XRD) ile belirlenen, kristalin fazlarkarşılaştırılmıştır. Benzetilen diyagramlar, artan molibden içeriği ile ikincilM23C6 karbürlerin miktarında bir artış öngörmüştür. Buöngörünün geçerliliği döküm ile üretilen numuneler içerisindeki faz dağılımı vefaz kompozisyonlarını metalografik muayene, taramalı elektron mikroskobu (İng.:Scanning Electron Microscopy, SEM) – enerji saçınım spektrometresi (İng.:Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, EDS) analizleri ile belirleyerek testedilmiştir. Numunelerin sertlik değerlerine bakıldığında ise, herhangi bir ısılişlem yapılmaksızın Mo içeriğindeki %1 'lik bir artış ve buna bağlı ikincilkarbürlerin miktarındaki artış ile sertliğin 44,90'dan 51,05 HRC'ye yükseldiğigörülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlar deneysel ölçümler ve teorik tahminlerinuyumlu olduğunu ve çok bileşenli sistemlerde faz dengesinin tahminedilebilmesinin pratik önemini göstermiştir., In this study, using the Materials Calculator software program, thepseudo binary phase diagrams (i.e. isoplethal maps) of high chromium white castirons (~19% in weight) with different molybdenum contents were simulated. Inorder to test the accuracy of the calculated phase diagrams, the transformationtemperatures read from the diagrams at certain compositions were compared withthe phase transformation temperatures measured using Differential ScanningCalorimetry (DSC) analysis of the samples produced by casting in the samecomposition followed by slow cooling. With the same purpose, low temperaturephases read from the phase diagrams were compared with the crystalline phasesdetermined by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) of the casted samples. Simulated diagramspredicted an increase in the amount of secondary M23C6carbides with increasing molybdenum content. Thevalidity of this prediction was tested by determining the phase distributionand phase compositions in the casted samples by means of metallographicexaminations and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) - Energy DispersiveSpectroscopy (EDS) analyzes. When the hardness values of the samples were takeninto consideration, it was seen that the hardness increased from 44.90 to 51.05HRC with a 1% increase in Mo content and a corresponding increase in the amountof secondary carbides without any heat treatments. Results show thattheoretical predictions and experimental measurements are in accord andestimating phase equilibria in multi-component systems is of practicalimportance.

Son yılların önemli araştırma konusu olan kripto paralar içinde en önemlisi olan Bitcoin bir yıl içinde yirmi katın üzerinde değer kazandı ve yatırımcılar açısından güven duyulan bir para birimi haline geldi. Artan güven ile birlikte Bitcoin yatırımcılarının da çoğalmasıyla piyasadaki hacimde gözle görülür bir büyüme meydana geldi. Bu sayede Euro ve Amerikan Doları gibi para birimlerinin 2008 krizinden sonraki güvensiz hale gelmesi Bitcoin’in güven duyulan bir para birimi haline gelmesine sebep oldu. Sadece para birimleri değil menkul kıymet ve emtia gibi yatırım araçlarına da alternatif olan Bitcoin yüzyıllardır bireysel yatırımcıların vazgeçilmez yatırım aracı olan altının konumunu neredeyse alır vaziyete geldi. Söz konusu çalışma ani şekilde yükselişe geçen ve yatırımcılar tarafından hızlı bir şekilde yatırım aracı olarak kabul edilen Bitcoini, asırlardır önemli bir yatırım aracı olarak kabul edilen altına karşı ADF Birim Kök Testleri, Johansen Koentegrasyon Testi, Hata Düzeltme Modeli ve Düzeltilmiş En Küçük Kareler Modeli kullanılarak değerlendirilmektir.

To determine the diagnostic yield of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guided in-bore biopsy in patients with high likelihood multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) findings, regarding overall and clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) detection rates and concordance of biopsy and radical prostatectomy (RP) Gleason scores (GS).This retrospective study consisted of 277 Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) assessment category 4 and 5 targets in 246 patients (mean age, 65.7 years; median prostate specific antigen value, 7.75 ng/mL) who had undergone in-bore biopsy at our institution between 2012 and 2020. Eighty-one patients who underwent RP were eligible for the concordance analysis of biopsy and RP specimen GS.Overall PCa detection rates were 80.5 % per patient (198/246) and 78 % per target (216/277) and 83.5 % and 67.4 % in primary (biopsy naive) and secondary (at least one negative prior biopsy) settings. csPCa was found in 63 % overall, 66 % of patients (132/200) in the primary, and 50 % of patients (23/46) in the secondary biopsy settings (p0.001). The prostate cancer detection rate was 68 % and 92 % in PI-RADS 4 and 5, respectively (p0.001). In the radical prostatectomy subcohort, 27.2 % of patients were upgraded, 8.6 % of patients were downgraded from needle biopsy. Significant complications occurred in 1.2 % of patients.MRI-guided in-bore prostate biopsy has a high detection rate of csPCa in primary and secondary biopsy cohorts. Biopsy results were satisfactory in terms of the number of positive cores, cancer percentage in positive cores, and concordance of GS in needle biopsy and RP specimen.

Uncertainties are one of the factors affecting investors' investment decisions. In accordance with the wait-and-see policy, which is the best option for investors in an uncertain environment, investors can postpone their investment and consumption decisions. Uncertainties especially in economic policies affect investors' decisions more deeply. In this context, the goal of this study is to test the effect of European Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) index, which represents uncertainties in economic policies of European countries, on BIST 100 index by Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), Johansen Cointegration and cointegration coefficient estimator FMOLS and DOLS. Monthly data between February 1988 and May 2019 were used in this study. Findings of the study, it was reached that there was a long-run interaction between EPU and BIST 100 index and the increases in the EPU index had a negative effect on the BIST 100 index. In addition, one-way causality relationship was determined from the change in EPU index to the change in BIST 100 index., Belirsizlikler, yatırımcıların yatırım kararları üzerinde etkili olan faktörlerden biridir. Belirsizliklerin olduğu ortamda yatırımcılar için en iyi seçenek olan bekle-gör politikası gereğince yatırım ve tüketim kararlarını erteleyebilmektedirler. Özellikle ekonomi politikalarında yaşanan belirsizlikler, yatırımcıların kararlarını daha derinden etkilemektedir. Bu bağlamda bu çalışmada Avrupa ülkelerinin ekonomi politikalarındaki belirsizlikleri temsil eden Avrupa ekonomik politika belirsizlik (EPU) endeksinin BIST 100 endeksi üzerindeki etkisinin Vektör Hata Düzeltme Modeli (VECM), Johansen eşbütünleşme testi ve FMOLS ve DOLS tahmincileri ile test edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. 02/1988 – 05/2019 dönemi aylık verilerin kullanıldığı analiz sonucunda EPU ile BIST 100 endeksi arasında uzun dönemli bir ilişki olduğu ve EPU endeksinde meydana gelen artışların BIST 100 endeksi üzerinde negatif etkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca EPU endeksindeki değişimden BIST 100 endeksindeki değişime doğru bir nedensellik ilişkisinin olduğu ve bu nedenselliğin tek yönlü olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Gold, which is accepted as a safe haven by households, is known as an investment tool that is preferred especially in times of crisis and uncertainty. Especially in recent days, the uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the visible increase in Turkey's 5-year CDS data has led investors in Turkey to grams of gold, which is considered a safe haven. In this context, this study aims to test the long-term relationship between daily case-related deaths and Turkey's 5-year CDS data with gram gold prices in Turkish lira during the COVID-19 pandemic. The long-term relationship between the variables was tested with the autoregressive distributed lag bound test (ARDL bound test) applied to the daily data for the period March 17, 2020-April 11, 2020. For the application of ARDL bound test, the stationarity of the variables was tested with unit root tests such as augmented Dickey-Fuller test (ADF) and Phillips-Perron (PP). According to the ARDL bound test findings, there is a statistically significant and positive relationship between the number of case-related deaths and the gram gold prices in Turkish lira in the long run. However, it has been found that Turkey's 5-year CDS data does not have a significant long-term relationship with gram gold prices in Turkish lira.

To investigate the protective effect of filgotinib in endotoxin-induced uveitis model in rats.This study used 24 Wistar Albino rats. Group I (control group) included the healthy controls; in Group II (sham group), only 300 µg/kg intraperitoneal (ip) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was administered; and in Group III (treatment group), 3 mg/kg/day filgotinib was administered orally for 10 days followed by 300 µg/kg ip LPS. In all groups, clinical activity scores were evaluated after 24 h. Moreover, histopathological and immunological examinations were performed.In Groups I, II, and III, the mean clinical activity and histopathological examination scores were 0.00, 3.25 ± 0.70, and 1.89 ± 0.60 and 0.00, 2.88 ± 1.12, and 1.44 ± 0.52, respectively. The clinical activity and histopathological examination scores were significantly increased in the sham group compared to the control group (p 0.05); these findings were significantly reduced in the treatment group (p 0.05). The mean TNF-α and IL-6 ELISA levels in all groups were 50.20 ± 3.24, 59.87 ± 2.98, and 54.34 ± 4.62 and 30.88 ± 1.79, 36.77 ± 1.21, and 33.66 ± 1.86, respectively. The TNF-α and IL-6 ELISA levels were significantly decreased in the treatment group compared to the sham group (p 0.05); there was no significant difference between the treatment group and the control group (p = 0.105, p = 0.067, respectively) CONCLUSION: Filgotinib may be an alternative treatment option in preventing the development of noninfectious uveitis.