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Medicinal leeches are one of the neglected organisms in animal reproduction studies. In this study, the effects of feeding two different types of blood, mammalian (cattle blood) and poultry (chicken blood), on the reproductive efficiency, growth performance and survival of the southern medicinal leech, Hirudo verbana, were investigated. The type of blood fed did not have a significant effect on the growth performance and survival of leeches, but the leeches fed chicken blood had a 2.5-fold greater performance compared to those fed cattle blood in terms of the gravidity process and reproductive efficiency. The final weight and survival for the cattle group was 10.79 ± 4.80 g and 87% and for the chicken group was 10.12 ± 5.26 g and 85%. Gravidity was initiated in the 7th month in both groups; however, while all gravidities in the leeches fed with chicken blood occurred in 1-month period, the gravidity of the leeches fed cattle blood occurred in a 3-month period. The cocoon efficiencies were 6.67 ± 1.50 cocoons/broodstock and 2.67 ± 3.37 cocoons/broodstock in the chicken and cattle groups, respectively. There were larger cocoons in the chicken compared to the cattle group. The offspring efficiencies were 12.59 ± 4.17 offspring/cocoon and 9.81 ± 3.67 offspring/cocoon in the chicken and cattle groups, respectively. The results of this study indicate poultry blood can be used in the management of broodstock with greater reproductive efficiency in medicinal leech aquaculture.

Bu calismada; Asagi Firat Havzasi adiyla anilan bolgedeki Karkamis ve Birecik Baraj gollerinde Sanliurfa ve Gaziantep Iline kayitli olarak kafes balikciligi yapan isletmeler incelenmistir. Bu baglamda anilan bolgede ruhsatli olarak faaliyet gosteren Gaziantep iline bagli 11 adet, Sanliurfa iline bagli 17 adet olmak uzere toplam 28 adet isletme tespit edilmis ve isletmelerin yapisal-biyoteknik analizleri yapilmistir. Calismada kafeslerin verimli kullanilmadigi, stok yogunlugunun dusuk oldugu, yem degerlendirme oranlarinin yuksek oldugu, kapasite kullanim oranlarinin ve su alani kullanim oranlarinin dusuk oldugu tespit edilmistir. Elde edilen verilere gore isletmelerin verimliligi artirmalari icin; orgutlenme, egitimli uzman kadro istihdam etme, duzenli kayit tutma, yetkili mercilerin siki kontrolu ve yonlendirmeleri gerekmektedir

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of diets, including 0.5, 2 and 4.4% dried hot or sweet red pepper and a control diet without added red pepper, on pigmentation, sensory properties and weight gain of rainbow trout, with average initial weight of 60 g, for a rearing period of 80 days. Both red pepper types had similar effects on the carotenoid accumulation, weight gain and sensorial properties of the fish (P>0.05). Total carotenoid accumulation in the fish muscle increased significantly with increasing inclusion of red peppers. However, only the diet consisting of 4.4% hot or sweet red pepper provided adequate carotenoid accumulation in the fillet of the fish, that is, the desired colouration in the fish. Fish fed diets containing red peppers exhibited higher appearance and colour scores compared to control group (P

Honey locust seed (HLS) (Gleditsia triacanthos) was evaluated as a partial replacement for fish meal (FM) in Cyprinus carpio fingerlings diets formulated to contain 38% crude protein, 13% lipid and 19.9 MJ/kg gross energy. An 60-day feeding trial was conducted in a recirculation system aquarium. HLS was included in the diets at different levels (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 g raw and 100, 200, 300 and 400 g heat-treated for diets Control, Rw1, Rw2, Rw3, Rw4 Ht1, Ht2, Ht3 and Ht4, respectively) and FM was replaced by 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of HLS (raw and heat-treated). The fish were handfed daily at of 3% of their body weight during the experiment. Diet had a significant effect on the growth performance. Heat treatment increased the inclusion level of HLS. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) among fish fed diets Control, Rw1, Rw2, HT1, HT2 and HT3 in terms of growth performance. Fish fed diets containing higher levels (>30%) of raw HLS seed had significantly lower whole body fat content. Raw and ...

This study was conducted to determine the potential nutritional value of heated culban (Vicia peregrina) seed at the different levels (0, 10, 20 and 30%) in diet as a plant protein source for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The fish fed experimental diets grew from an initial body weight of 38 g to a final body weight of 120 g for a rearing period of 80 days. Growth parameters, feed utilization and meat proximate composition were found similar in all experimental groups. It is concluded that culban seed can be successfully used as an inexpensive plant protein source at least up to a level of 30% in tilapia diets without adverse effects on fish performance. © Medwell Journals, 2010.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of diets including 0, 5, 10, 15, 25, and 40% alfalfa meals (containing 0, 20, 40, 60, 100, and 160 mg total carotenoids/kg diet, respectively) and 60 mg apo-ester, a synthetic carotenoid/kg diet on skin pigmentation, growth, feed utilization and survival of a red variety of goldfish, Carassius auratus, with average initial weight of 10.3 g, for a rearing period of 60 days. The pigmentation degree in skin of goldfish increased significantly with increasing inclusion of alfalfa up to 25% level in the diet (P < 0.05). However, the alfalfa inclusion over that level did not lead to more total carotenoid accumulation in the skin of fish. The diets including apo-ester and 15% alfalfa, both of which contained 60 mg carotenoid/kg diet, had similar effects on total carotenoid deposition in the skin of fish. Alfalfa addition of 25% or higher in the diet had an adverse effect on growth of fish compared to the control group (P < 0.05). A similar phenomenon was observed in feed conversion ratio but at the 40% alfalfa inclusion level (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in the survival of the fish. The present results demonstrate that alfalfa can be successfully used as an alternative natural carotenoid source to the synthetic apo-ester in goldfish diets. Our data indicates that 15% is a suitable dietary level of alfalfa to ensure good pigmentation, acceptable growth and feed utilization in goldfish. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. SÜF 2002 BAP18 The authors would like to thank the Resource Fund of the University of Cukurova, (Turkey) for their financial support (with SÜF 2002 BAP18) of the experiment and Metin Kumlu and Mehmet Yücel for kindly revising the English of this paper.

Effects of carotenoid sources on pigmentation, sensory properties and fatty acid composition of rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) were investigated. The fish (120.51 ± 0.75 g) were fed with diets containing 1.8% marigold flower, 5% red pepper, 70 mg kg-1 commercial astaxanthin and compared with a control group for 60 days. Commercial astaxanthin provided the highest carotenoid accumulation in the fish, and this was followed by red pepper and marigold flower (p < 0.05). Dietary carotenoid sources did not significantly affect fatty acid composition of the fish fillets. Trout muscle coloured with commercial astaxanthin was more preferred than the others by the sensory panellists. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

In this study, the relationships between length-weight, and meat yield of freshwater crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) in the Mamasın Reservoir were investigated. It was found a relationships between total length and total weight of 550 male and female individulas. There was no significiant differences between male and female in terms of total length (P>0.05), howewer, there was significiant differences between male and female in terms of total weight (P0.05), there were a significant difference in the chelae and total meat yield between males and females (P, Mamasın Baraj Gölü (Aksaray-Türkiye) Tatlısu İstakozları (Astacus leptodactylus)’nda boy-ağırlık ilişkisi ve et verimi araştırılmıştır. Araştırmada incelenen toplam 550 adet erkek ve dişi kerevitin, total boy ve total ağırlıkları arasında pozitif bir ilişki saptanmıştır. Erkek ve dişi bireylerin total boyları arasında fark görülmezken (P>0.05), total ağırlıkları arasında fark belirlenmiştir (P0.05). Fakat erkek kerevitlerin kıskaçlarından elde edilen et verimi ile toplam et verimleri dişilerden önemli derecede fazla saptanmıştır (P

Gülibrişim (Albizia julibrissin) tohumu ununun koi sazanı (Cyprinus carpio) yavrularının pratik diyetlerinde protein kaynağı olarak kullanılabilirliğini belirlemek için laboratuar koşullarında, 60 günlük besi denemesi yürütülmüştür. Gülibrişim tonumu unu diyetlere %0, 10, 20, 30, 40 oranında katılmıştır (D0, D1, D2, D3, D4). Bu diyet grupları büyüme parametreleri bakımından balık unu ve soya fasulyesi unu ağırlıklı diyetle beslenen kontrol grubuyla karşılaştırılmıştır. Denemede büyüme parametreleri bakımından D1, D2 diyet grupları ile D0 grupları arasında fark benzer bulunurken (P>0.05), D0 grubu diğer gruplara göre önemli derecede yüksek bulunmuştur (P˂0.05). Gülibrişim (Albizia julibrissin) tohumu unu koi sazanı (Cyprinus carpio) diyetlerine %20’ye kadar herhangi bir istenmeyen etkisi olmaksızın katılabilir., A 60 day laboratory growth trial was carried out to determine the potential nutritional value of silktree (Albizia julibrissin) seed as a dietary protein source of koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings. Silk tree (Albizia julibrissin) seed was included in the diets at different levels %0, 10, 20, 30, 40 (D0, D1, D2, D3, and D4 respectively) and the growth parameters of fish feed these diets were compared to fish feed a fish meal and soybean meal based D0 diet. On the basis of the observed growth parameters D0, D1, D2 diets were similarly (P>0.05). But D0 were significantly (P˂0.05) higher those fed on the other groups (D3, D4). Silk Tree (Albizia julibrissin) seed can be used up to %20 of diet as protein source in diets of koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) without any adverse effects.

An 80-day feeding trial was conducted as two experiments to evaluate the effects of replacement of fish meal (FM) and soyabean meal (SBM) protein with hazelnut meal (HM) protein in the diets of mirror carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) fingerlings. Growth parameters and body composition were measured in fingerlings cultured under laboratory conditions in a recirculation system aquarium at 26 ± 0.3 °C. In Experiment I four isonitrogenous, isoenergetic diets were formulated by replacing 0, 25, 35 and 45% of protein from FM by HM. Fingerlings receiving the diets in which 0, 25 and 35% of the FM protein were replaced, had similar body weights, specific growth ratios (SGR), protein efficiency ratios (PER) and feed conversion ratios (FCR). In Experiment II four isonitrogenous, isoenergetic diets were formulated by replacing 0, 20, 40 and 60% of protein in SBM with HM. Fingerlings receiving the diets where 0, 20 and 40% of the SBM protein were replaced, had similar body weights, SGR, PER and FCR. However, fingerlings consuming the highest dietary inclusion level of HM (60% replacement) had significantly lower responses for all the above parameters than fingerlings receiving the other diets. The fat content of fingerlings fed diet FM3 where 45 % of FM protein was replaced by HM protein, was significantly lower than those on the other diets. It was concluded that HM could replace up to 35% of the protein in FM and 40% of protein supplied by SBM in fingerling carp diets without adverse effects on growth, FCR, PER, FI, BWG and body composition. Keywords : Fish, hazelnut meal, fish meal, soyabean meal, Cyprinus carpio ,aquaculture South African Journal of Animal Science Vol. 37 (1) 2007: pp. 35-44

Ozet: Calismada rasyonlara farkli oranlarda keciboynuzu tohumu ilave edilerek koi sazani ( Cyprinus carpio ) baliklarinin 60 gunluk deneme boyunca buyume parametreleri, yem donusum orani, canli agirlik artisi, kondisyon faktoru uzerine etkileri arastirilmistir. Keciboynuzu ( Ceratonia siliqua ) tohumu diyetlere %0, 10, 20, 30, 40 oranlarinda katilmistir (K 0 , K 1 , K 2 , K 3 , K 4 ). Denemede buyume parametreleri bakimindan K 1 ve K 2 diyet gruplari ile K 0 grubu arasinda fark saptanmazken (P>0.05), yuksek oranda (%20 den fazla) keciboynuzu tohumu katilan K 3 ve K 4 diyet gruplari K 0 grubuna gore dusuk bulunmustur (P˂ 0.05). Sonuc olarak keciboynuzu tohumu koi sazan yemlerinde alternatif yem katki maddesi potansiyeline sahiptir ve herhangi bir olumsuz etkisi olmaksizin rasyonlara %20’ye kadar katilabilir. Anahtar kelimeler: Keciboynuzu , Koi sazani, Cyprinus carpio, Buyume, Balik unu Nutritive Value of Carob Kernel Flour ( Ceratonia siliqua ) Seed as Ingredient in Diet for Koi Carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) Fingerlings. Abstract: In the study different proportions of carob seeds by adding in diets. Koi carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) fish 60-day trial for growth parameters, feed conversion of ratio, live weight gain, condition factor upon were investigated. Carob kernel flour ( Ceratonia siliqua) seeds to diets containing 0%, 10, 20, 30, 40 participated (K 0 , K1, K 2 , K 3 , K 4 ) respectively. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) among fish fed diets K 0 , K 1 and K 2 in terms of growth parameters. Fish fed diets containing higher levels (>20%) K 3 and K 4 had significantly lower than K 0 diets. Results show that carob kernel flour seed has potential as an alternative feed ingredient in diets for fingerling koi carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) with no adverse effect. Carob kernel flour seed can be used up to 20%. Key Words: Carob kernel flour, koi carp, Cyprinus carpio , the growth, fishmeal