Search

Functional morphology of sensillae on the antennae and mouthparts of two co-generic aphidophagous ladybird species, viz. Coccinella septempunctata and Coccinella transversalis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) were studied using scanning electron microscopy to determine their structure, functions and sex-specifc variations. Their mouthparts comprise of mandible, maxilla, maxillary palps, labrum, labium and labial palps. Sensillae were present on diferent mouthparts, viz. maxillary palp, labial palps, and the clypeus. Maxillary palps were the main prey-holding apparatus with three distinct regions, viz. proximal, middle, and distal segments. Labial palps provide initial gripping of the prey with three similar regions as that of maxillary palps. Six diferent types of sensillae were identifed on the mouthparts of C. septempunctata, viz. chaetica, trichoidea, coeloconica, placoidea, basiconica, and styloconica, while those on C. transversalis had seven diferent sensillae with the inclusion of sensilla campaniformia. The female antennae were greater in length than the male ones in both species. The scape and pedicel segments of the male antennae were greater in length, while fagellomeres were shorter in length than those of the female antennae of the two species. Six types of sensillae, viz. chaetica, trichoidea, basiconica, coeloconica, ampullacea, and campaniformia were identifed on C. septempunctata antennae, while those of C. transversalis had eight with the addition of sensillae sporangia, and styloconica. These sensillae on mouthparts and antennae of both the ladybird species have crucial functional roles in foraging, prey-location, and prey capture.

There are more than 1200 species of whiteflies found across the globe. Due to the high level of resistance of whitefly against synthetic insecticides, alternate pest management measures have their significance. Plant essential oils (EOs) affect insect pests in many ways, such as via stimulatory, deterrent, toxic, and hormonal effects. This study was designed to determine the repellency of essential oils, toxicity, and oviposition deterrent activities of Allium ascalonicum, Cinnamomum camphora, and Mentha haplocalyx against adult whiteflies. In repellency determination experiments, a single tomato plant was treated with 10 ml of ethanol-extracted essential oil with 1000 ppm concentration. Results showed that C. camphora essential oil was the most repellent for whitefly compared to M. haplocalyx and A. ascalonicum. The oviposition deterrent experiments revealed that C. camphora has the highest oviposition deterrent effect, followed by M. haplocalyx and A. ascalonicum. A single plant treatment method was used to assess the contact toxicity of three essential oils against whitefly after 12, 24, 48, and 72 h of exposure. The results revealed that C. camphora is more toxic to whitefly than M. haplocalyx and A. ascalonicum. After determining the antagonistic effects of these essential oils, the oils were analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to identify the chemical components. It can be concluded that C. camphora is the most effective oil essential oil in terms of toxicity, repellence, and oviposition deterrence, followed by M. haplocalyx and A. ascalonicum under greenhouse conditions. Our results introduce some new eco-friendly plant essential oils to control whiteflies.

In this study, diversity, species richness and composition of Neuroptera has been studied in the forest edges and fragments in the Taurus Mountain Range, southern Turkey. Sampling for species collection was carried out from April 2017 to September 2018 at different distances from the forest center, i.e., (0–500 m), forest mid-interior (501–1000 m), and forest edge (1001–3000 m). A total of 975 adults were collected frequently belonging to the families Ascalaphidae, Coniopterygidae, and Hemerobiidae from the forest edges while Chrysopidae and Myrmeleontidae were most common along the mid-interior regions of the forest. Majority of adutls caught from the mid-interior region comprised of female adults while the males of most species were abundant along the forest edges. Although the forest center shows the largest value for the Dominance species-diversity index and the smallest value for the Shannon index, forest edge was found highest for the Simpson index. The abundance of Neuroptera decreased with wind speed but increased with the temperature in the edge regions. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicated that some environmental and habitat variables, e.g. wind speed, temperature, and distance to the forest center, mid-interior and edge, accounted for species distribution patterns in Neuroptera. In the forest center, a linear correlation between wind speed, temperature and specimen abundance was recorded, while these factors were found negatively correlated with specimens abundance in the mid-interior regions of the forest. Keywords: Lacewings, Species diversity, Edge effect, Taurus mountain range, Southern turkey

A complementary re-description of Kyphopteryx dorsalis Kimmins, 1947 is presented on the basis of a fresh male and additional females from southeastern Tibet, southwestern China. The hitherto unknown inner structures of the female terminalia are described, as well as further details of the male genitalia. In this study, we also present the first records of Capnia s.l. yunnana Li & Yang, 2011 from Tibet and a formal description of an unassociated Capnia s.l. female collected together with the above species. An updated checklist of the named species of Capniidae and Taeniopterygidae from China is also given.

Aquatic Hemiptera are barely used as "indicators" because they are considered ubiquitous organisms of great dispersal capacity and a wide range of occupied habitats. Here, we address this topic analyzing the environmental factors determining the distribution of the species found in a northeastern Moroccan basin with a strong altitudinal gradient, as well as their capability of establishing assemblages and the niche breadth for each species. Between 2014 and 2017, we sampled 55 contrasted sites representing the heterogeneity of aquatic ecosystems in the study area, where we collected a total of 27 species. The relationships between the species and environmental variables were evaluated using the STATICO methods, showing a distribution mainly influenced by the changes in flow velocity and conductivity. The Bray–Curtis dissimilarity index identified four assemblages: (a) a running species group in upper freshwater streams; (b) a middle stream group preferring less flow velocity and moderate mineralization; (c) a third group, near to the mouth, occupying moderate running or lentic brackish waters; and (d) a fourth group linked with hypersaline standing environments. The use of Indicator Species Analysis (IndVal) found few but representative species for each assemblage. The OMI applied showed that the majority of species had a high niche breadth and, consequently, a low specialization. Our results highlighted the overall poor habitat requirement and very ubiquitous character of most species found. Only some of them, mainly the endemism Aphelocheirus pemae, can be considered key for biodiversity conservation purposes because of their low niche breadth and high indicator value.

In this study, 38 nm-sized and flake-like-shaped CuO NPs (10, 50, 100, 150 μg/10 µl/larva) were force-fed to fourth instar (100 ± 20 mg) Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae under th...

The hunting behavior of antlion larvae is unique in the insect world and soil characteristics may strongly affect their microhabitat selection. Therefore, the substrate type of sand pit construction is expected to have an important role in their traps. Different types of soil substrates can be inhabited by Myrmeleon formicarius Linnaeus, 1767 larvae. This study was conducted during 2018-2019 June-August in the Amanos Mountains of Turkey to examine assess the relationship between the microhabitat preference of larvae of M. formicarius. In this study, five substrate types were determined as particularly according to their habitat preference. In this study, the preference of fine-grained soils is found more adaptive because of the pits are constructed in these substrates are more functional for longer periods and they are much more successful in trapping their preys than the coarse-grained soil pits. Furthermore, it was found that there is a direct relationship between the pit size and substrate particle structure. Therefore, the detection and selection of microhabitats under more convenient ecological conditions, which increase capture success and elucidate the hunting strategy, may be carried out during strong soil substrate selection for Myrmeleon Linnaeus species. It was concluded that there is no strong relationship between the soil substrate type, pH, and trap diameter.

Arachnida evolved different reproductive strategies in the terrestrial habitats. Knowledge of the morphology of reproductive systems varies depending on the group, and for Opiliones only a few studies exists addressing this topic. Here, we describe the morphology of the male reproductive tract and the spermatozoon of the harvestman Mischonyx cuspidatus (Roewer, 1913). In this species, males have a single testis, a pair of deferent ducts, a seminal vesicle, a propelling organ and a penis. The lumen of the folded seminal vesicle and testis follicles are filled with spermatozoa, suggesting a storage of sperm related to a possible reproductive strategy involving multiple matings. The spermatozoa are aflagellate and ca. 6.5 lm in length. This study sheds light on the knowledge of the harvestman's reproductive biology and life strategy, which can be used in future studies involving Opiliones behavior and systematics. © 2021 American Museum of Natural History. All rights reserved.

Predatory insects have reproductive organs rich in complex changes that may be responsible for the success of their population growth. The species Chrysoperla externa is a predator used in biological control programs in Latin America. However, there is no morphological data about the morphology of the reproductive tract in this insect. This study describes the morphology of the reproductive organs of virgin and mated C. externa male and female. The male has a pair of testes yellow in color and five pairs of accessory glands closely associated with the seminal vesicles. The testis follicles are twisted filled with cysts in different developmental stages. The pair of ovaries in the females shows asymmetry with 9-11 ovarioles per ovary with oocytes in different developmental stages and a spherical spermatheca. Virgin and mated males have no differences in the size of the testes, seminal vesicle, and accessory glands. C. externa females show morphological changes in the reproductive tract according to sexual maturation, which is triggered by mating. The ovary activation occurs after female mating. The ovaries are of merotistic polytrophic type. The spermathecal reservoir is lined by a flattened epithelium with a thin cuticular intima and associated with well-developed muscles. It is concluded that the reproductive tract of C. externa is similar in virgin and mated males and females. Egg production is activated only after mating and the development of reproductive tract structures is faster in mated females.

Species composition of social wasps of the genus Ropalidia from Vietnam is reported, with 24 species having been recorded. Of those, three species are newly recorded for the Vietnamese fauna, namely Ropalidia binghami van der Vecht, 1941, R. parartifex Tan & van Achterberg, 2014 and R. variegata (Smith, 1852). The presence of R. sumatrae (Weber, 1801) in Vietnam is confirmed. An updated key to all recorded species of the genus Ropalidia from Vietnam is also provided.

We tested six aphid species, viz. Aphis gossypii, Aphis craccivora, Brevicoryne brassicae, Lipaphis erysimi, Myzus persicae and Uroleucon compositae as essential foods needed for the reproduction and demography of an aphidophagous ladybird, Hippodamia variegata. Females were highly fecund (1210.8 ± 55.31 eggs) with prolonged oviposition period (56.30 ± 2.36 days) and laying most viable eggs (92.91 ± 0.81%) when fed on A. gossypii (reared on Lagenaria vulgaris) with the highest net reproductive rate (449.45 ± 20.53 females / female). Aphis craccivora (raised on Dolichos lablab) supported optimal value for intrinsic rate of increase (0.183 ± 0.003) with the shortest generation time (32.40 ± 0.557 days). Other diets didn’t show improved performance but quantified as essential foods. Brassica hosted B. brassicae and L. erysimi were less suitable but not the rejected prey. Age-specific fecundity of female H. variegata was triangular in function with peak oviposition during her early reproductive age when fed on either A. gossypii, A. craccivora, U. compositae or M. persicae, while peak skewed towards later reproductive age when fed on B. brassicae or L. erysimi. Fecundity was positively correlated with egg-viability and oviposition period. We used jackknife technique to estimate and compare the demographic parameters within the groups. High values of intrinsic and finite rates of increase on A. gossypii and A. craccivora affirm their suitability for augmentative rearing of H. variegata. We conclude that both A. gossypii and A. craccivora on above respective host-plants are highly suitable aphid-diets for mass-multiplication of H. variegata. © 2020, African Association of Insect Scientists.

The objectives of this study were to understand lacewing diversity patterns and the role of environmental factors in determining lacewing diversity in four habitat types: agricultural area (crops and orchards), pine forest (Pinus nigra Arnold and, Pinus brutia Ten), natural forest (cedar and willow-oak), and mixed forest (beech and oak). Several diversity patterns were evaluated, including evenness and dominance, in the East Mediterranean area of Turkey by analyzing the abundance and species composition of lacewing assemblages using the Simpson and Shannon Diversity Indices. It was questioned whether these communities are structured according to environmental conditions such as altitude, temperature, rainfall, wind and humidity. This question was explored using generalized linear models (GLMs) and principal component analysis (PCA) to detect the effect of ecological parameters on the species composition of the lacewing assemblages. The data suggest that the species abundance, composition, and diversity of lacewings are affected by different forest and agricultural habitat types. Based on the results of the present study, it is recommended that the area of farmland under cultivation is decreased and the area of sustainably managed forest and agricultural land is increased in order to better protect lacewing diversity in the East Mediterranean area of Turkey. © 2020 The Entomological Society of Korea and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

The burrower bugScaptocoris castaneaPerty, 1830 (Hemiptera: Cydnidae) is an agricultural pest feeding on roots of several crops. The histology and ultrastructure of the salivary glands ofS. castaneawere described. The salivary system has a pair of principal salivary glands and a pair of accessory salivary glands. The principal salivary gland is bilobed with anterior and posterior lobes joined by a hilus where an excretory duct occurs. The accessory salivary gland is tubular with a narrow lumen that opens into the hilus near the excretory duct, suggesting that its secretion is stored in the lumen of the principal gland. The cytoplasm of the secretory cells is rich in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles with different electron densities and mitochondria. At the base of the accessory gland epithelium, there were scattered cells that do not reach the gland lumen, with the cytoplasm rich in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, indicating a role in protein production. Data show that principal and accessory salivary glands ofS. castaneaproduce proteinaceous saliva. This is the first morphological description of theS. castaneasalivary system that is similar to other Hemiptera Pentatomomorpha, but with occurrence of basal cells in the accessory salivary gland.

WOS: 000447478100069 PubMed ID: 30173109 Insecticides used in the agriculture and forestry have side effects on non-target organisms used as natural enemies. This study evaluated the histopathology and cytotoxicity of permethrin on the midgut of the non-target predatory bug, Podisus nigrispinus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) used in the biological control of pest insects. The toxicity and survival of this insect were determined using six concentrations of permethrin via ingestion. Histological and ultraestutural changes of the midgut of P. nigrispinus were analyzed after exposure to permethrin. The insecticide caused toxicity in P. nigrispinus with LC50 = 0.46 mu g L-1 and survival of 47% after 72 h of exposure. The histological changes in the midgut were irregularly bordered epithelium, cytoplasmic vacuolization and apocrine secretions in the lumen after 6 h following exposure to the insecticide. Cytotoxic effects such as granules and vacuoles secreted into the lumen, presence of autophagosomes, and dilatation of infolds of the basal plasma membrane were observed in the three regions of the midgut. Cells of the midgut in apoptosis occurred after 12 h of exposure. Permethrin causes toxic effects, inhibits survival, and produces changes in the histology and cytology of the midgut in P. nigrispinus, suggesting that the cell stress induced by this insecticide can disrupt physiological processes such as digestion, compromising the potential of the predator as a biological control agent of pests. The low selectivity of permethrin to a non-target organism such as the predatory bug, P. nigrispinus indicates that the associated use of this insecticide in biological control should be better evaluated. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)CAPES; Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)Minas Gerais State Research Foundation (FAPEMIG) The Brazilian agencies "Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)", "Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)", and "Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)" for the financial contribution. To Nucleo de Microscopia e Microanalise of the Universidade Federal de Vicosa for technical support.

The effect of anthropogenic activities on natural intermittent stream and diversity of adult caddisfly were studied at the University of Phayao, Thailand. The caddisfly adults were collected monthly from 2 intermittent streams (the Huai Thub Chang and Huai Luang streams) from February to May 2015 (cool-dry to hot-dry season) using a black-light trap. Huai Thub Chang stream received wastewater from the oxidation pond, while Huai Luang stream was affected by an agricultural field of the university. Both streams are located in a deciduous forest. The 14 species of 7 families were collected and identified. Cheumatopsyche lucida (Hydropsychidae) and Leptocerus dirghachuka (Leptoceridae) were found in both streams. C. lucida was the most abundant species. Micrasema turbo, Amphipsyche meridiana, C. globosa, Diplectrona lavinia, Macrostemum dohrni, Marilia sumatrana, and Wormaldia relicta were found only in Huai Thub Chang stream, whereas C. dhanikari, Lepidostoma doligung and Chimarra toga were found only in Huai Luang stream. A high number of C. lucida in both streams from February to April reflected a drought effect on the emergence of the caddisflies. Huai Thub Chang stream had a higher diversity of Trichoptera species than Huai Luang stream because of the variety of substrate types which were suited for the larval stage, especially hydropsychids.

In this study, 38 nm-sized and flake-like-shaped CuO NPs (10, 50, 100, 150 μg/10 µl/larva) were force-fed to fourth instar (100 ± 20 mg)

WOS: 000451066000001 The reproductive and demographic attributes of the aphidophagous ladybird, Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), when fed on the aphid species, Aphis craccivora (Koch), reared on four host plants, viz. Dolichos lablab L., Vigna unguiculata L. Walp, Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp., and Ranunculus sceleratus L., were investigated in the laboratory to find host suitability for the production of the ladybird. Results indicated that there was a significant effect of host plant on both reproductive and demographic parameters of the predator. The host plant suitability was in the rank order D. lablab=V. unguiculata>C. cajan>R. sceleratus. This ladybird started reproducing very early and laid a high number of eggs for a longer period of time when the adults were fed on aphids raised on D. lablab and V. unguiculata. Both the fecundity and percent egg hatching increased significantly in the case of the abovementioned two host plants. Similar host plant effects were found on demographic parameters of H. variegata, with significantly high values of net reproductive rate (r(m)), short generation (T-c), and doubling times (D.T.) on D. lablab and V. unguiculata. Age-specific fecundity of H. variegata at all host plant treatments was triangular in function with an initial increase in ovipositional rate with age, followed by attainment of peak and gradual decline till egg laying ceases. These peaks were higher on the host plant treatments, D. lablab and V. unguiculata. Sub-optimal values of both reproductive and demographic parameters were found on the host plant, R. sceleratus. Thus, it could be concluded that both D. lablab and V. unguiculata were the suitable host plants to raise aphid, A. craccivora, for the augmentative rearing of the ladybird, H. variegata. Science and Engineering Research Board, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India [EMR/2016/006296] Present study has been funded by Science and Engineering Research Board, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, in the form of Major Research Project (EMR/2016/006296). AP is Project Investigator in the said project.

This study was conducted using two types of light traps to collect the insects at Mae Tam Reservoir from January to April 2018. The sampling area was divided into 4 points. Two points were located at the reservoir’s bank, and the others were located at the reservoir’s outlet. The study aimed to compare the efficiency of the fluorescent tube's blue and purple light, which had a different wavelength on insect’s attraction. To compare the diversity of Trichoptera in the different stream habitats, Sørensen similarity index, Shannon-Wiener index, and Evenness index were used. The result showed that purple light could attract insects better than blue light. Hymenoptera was attracted by purple light. Coleoptera and Hemiptera were attracted by blue light. The study on the diversity of Trichoptera showed that there were 2,534 individuals of 9 families 48 species were collected. Ecnomus puro was the most abundant species (1,120 individuals). The highest Shannon-Wiener diversity index was sampling points 4 (2.10). The highest Evenness index was sampling points 4 (0.62). Sørensen similarity index showed that sampling points 3 and 4 had the highest value (67.92 %) because they were adapted from a natural creek to concrete where boulder, gravel, cobble, sand, and woody material were deposited at the stream bottom. These provided various microhabitats for insect larva to live and develop. The riparian had affected the distribution and colonization of mature insects.

This study shows an adequate strategy for the characterization of the habitat characterisation with mathematical program to obtain an analytical ecological data and approaching. In this study we carried out; Ellipse Conic through Five Points, Hyperbola, Parabola, Distance or Length, Slope, Angle with Given Size, Translate Object by Vector, Rotate Object around Point by Angle, Dilate Object from Point by Factor, Probability Calculator, Relation between Two Objects Tool in the brown lacewings. We elucidated the ecological behaviours of brown lacewings in an analytical plane by using Geo-Gebra.

The burrower bug Scaptocoris castanea Perty, 1830 (Hemiptera: Cydnidae) is an agricultural pest feeding on roots of several crops. The histology and ultrastructure of the salivary glands of S. castanea were described. The salivary system has a pair of principal salivary glands and a pair of accessory salivary glands. The principal salivary gland is bilobed with anterior and posterior lobes joined by a hilus where an excretory duct occurs. The accessory salivary gland is tubular with a narrow lumen that opens into the hilus near the excretory duct, suggesting that its secretion is stored in the lumen of the principal gland. The cytoplasm of the secretory cells is rich in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles with different electron densities and mitochondria. At the base of the accessory gland epithelium, there were scattered cells that do not reach the gland lumen, with the cytoplasm rich in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, indicating a role in protein production. Data show that principal and accessory salivary glands of S. castanea produce proteinaceous saliva. This is the first morphological description of the S. castanea salivary system that is similar to other Hemiptera Pentatomomorpha, but with occurrence of basal cells in the accessory salivary gland.

WOS: 000484610700005 PubMed ID: 31254186 Euschistus heros (F.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is a soybean pest in Brazil, controlled with synthetic chemical insecticides, which may be harmful to the environment and humans, as well as to select pest resistant strains. The research for new pest control strategies such as the use of plant essential oils has been increased due to the selectivity and biodegradation of these molecules. The objective was to evaluate the cytological changes in the salivary glands, fat body and midgut of E. heros exposed to different concentrations of essential oil of Piper aduncum L. (Piperales: Piperaceae), which the main compounds were identified as myristicin 30.03%, aromadendrene 9.20%, dillapiole 8.43%, alpha-serinene 7.31%, tridecane 6.26%, gamma-elemene 4.58% and o-cymene 4.20%. The essential oil of P. aduncum was toxic for E. heros with LD50 = 36.23 mg per insect and LD90 = 50.42 mg per insect. Cytological changes such as tissue disruption, increase in mitochondria population, and glycogen and lipid depletion occur in the fat body cells, whereas salivary glands and midgut are not affected by this essential oil. Results suggest that P. aduncum essential oil causes fat body cellular stress, which may compromise some physiological processes for the insect survival.

WOS: 000451360800009 PubMed ID: 30296698 The selectivity of insecticides on natural enemies in pest control are an important strategy for Integrated Pest Management. However, insecticides can have side effects on non-target organisms such as natural enemies. This study evaluated the histological and cytological changes mediated by the sublethal concentration of the imidacloprid insecticide on the midgut of non-target predator Podisus nigrispinus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), used in the biological control of pests. Imidacloprid was toxic for P. nigrispinus with LC50 = 3.75 mg L-1 and survival of 51.8%. This sublethal concentration of imidacloprid causes histological alterations in the midgut epithelium and cytotoxic features were irregular border epithelium, cytoplasmic vacuolation, and apocrine secretions in the first 6 h after exposure with the insecticide. Apoptosis in the digestive cells occurs after 12 h of exposure in the midgut. These results suggest that imidacloprid may affect the digestive physiology of P. nigrispinus and compromise the effective predation of this insect a biological control agent. The associated use of this insecticide with the predator in pest control should be carefully evaluated. Brazilian agency "Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); Brazilian agency "Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)"CAPES; Brazilian agency "Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)"Minas Gerais State Research Foundation (FAPEMIG) The Brazilian agencies "Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)", "Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)", and "Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)" for the financial contribution. To Nueleo de Microscopia e Microanalise of the Universidade Federal de Vicosa for technical support.

WOS: 000460041800011 PubMed ID: 31716537 Two species of the genus Orancistrocerus van der Vecht, 1963 from Vietnam are recorded. Of them, a new species, O. altus sp. nov. from Lang Son province in the northern part of Vietnam is described and illustrated. In addition, one subspecies, O. aterrimus nigriceps van der Vecht, 1963 is newly recorded from China. Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology [KHCBSS.01/18-20, NCVCC 09.11/19-19] The present study was supported by the grants from the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (KHCBSS.01/18-20 and NCVCC 09.11/19-19 for senior researcher).

WOS: 000453707800009 PubMed ID: 30647350 The genus Orientalicesa has six species, and all of them have been recorded in the Oriental region (including Indonesia, Malaysia, Phillippines, Laos, China). In this paper, the genus Orientalicesa is newly recorded from Vietnam, represented by one species O. confasciatus Tan and Carpenter. This species was mistakenly redescribed as Stenodyneriellus rangpocus Kumar, Carpenter & Kishore, 2017. A new synonym of O. confasciatus is proposed, and that species is a new record for India. Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology [KHCBSS.01/18-20] The present study was supported by a grant from the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (KHCBSS.01/18-20) to the first author.

In this study, in 2011 and 2013, the 53 localities in the province of Osmaniye, at different heights (43m and 676m) adult (Hemerobiidae) the seasonal activity were investigated. As a result of research Hemerobidae belonging to the subfamily Hemerobius, Megalomus, Micromuse, Sympherobius, Wesmaelius, 1733 samples belonging to the genus consists of 13 species were recorded Hemerobiide. Total number of samples based on the situation and proportional, respectively, the first five types are: Micromuse angulatus, Wesmaelius (Wesmaelius) concinnus, Hemerobius gilvus, Sympherobius elegans, and is in the form Sympherobius pygmaeus. As the basis of species recorded seasonal activities evaluated and compared with published results from the Palearctic Region., Bu çalışmada, 2011 ve 2013 yılları arasında Osmaniye İli’nin 53 lokalitesinden farklı yükseltilerde (43m ve 676m) ergin Hemerobiidae türlerinin mevsimsel aktivitesi incelenmiştir. Çalışma neticesinde Hemerobius, Megalomus, Micromuse, Sympherobius ve Wesmaelius altfamilyalarına mensup 13 tür ve 1733 örnek toplanmıştır. Durum ve orana bağlı toplam örnek sayısı Micromuse angulatus, Wesmaelius (Wesmaelius) concinnus, Hemerobius gilvus, Sympherobius elegans ve Sympherobius pygmaeus şeklinde beş tiptedir. Kaydedilen tüm türlerin mevsimsel aktiviteleri değerlendirilmiş, Palearktik Bölgede yapılmış diğer çalışmalarla karşılaştırılmıştır.

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. There are two terms about asthma in athletes, often used interchangeably: exercise-induced asthma (EIA) and exercise-induce bronchoconstriction (EIB). An increasing prevalence of EIA or EIB in athletes and particularly in elite endurance athletes is widely recorded. If adequately managed, EBA/EBB, do not negatively affect elite athletic performance and success. Pathologic mechanisms of EIA/EIB classically involve both osmolar and vascular changes in the airways, in addition to parasympathetic stimulation by cooling of the airways. Airway inflammation plays a fundamental role in EIA/EIB. Most patients with asthma, with the exception of athletes tend to avoid physical activity due to EBA/EBB. However, exercise has beneficial effects on airways in asthmatic patients. In fact, preliminary data of recent studies reveal that intermediate-level exercise would be one of the treatment options for asthmatic patients. Etiologic, diagnostic and treatment aspects of the pathology are reviewed with special emphasis on exercise.

WOS: 000467668500074 PubMed ID: 30903844 In integrated pest management systems, biological and chemical controls must be compatible. The insecticide spinosad affects some non-target insects and might compromise their fitness. The objective of this study was to evaluate the histopathological and cytotoxic effects of spinosad on the salivary complex of the predatory bug Podisus nigrispinus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Spinosad toxicity and insect survival were determined using six concentrations of insecticide. Ultrastructural changes and cell death of salivary glands were analyzed after P. nigrispinus exposure to spinosad LC50 (3.15 mu g L-1). The insecticide caused toxicity to P. nigrispinus; survival was 32% after 48 h of exposure to LC50. The main histological changes in the salivary complex were disorganization of the epithelium, cytoplasmic vacuolization, and apocrine secretion into the gland lumen. Cytotoxic effects, such as release of granules and vacuoles into the lumen, presence of autophagosomes, enlargement of basal plasma membrane infoldings, and apoptosis, were observed. Spinosad causes toxicity, decreases survival, and changes the histology and cytology of the P. nigrispinus salivary complex. The results suggest that the cellular stress induced by the insecticide affects extra-oral digestion, compromising the potential of P. nigrispinus as a biological pest control agent. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES)CAPES; Minas Gerais Research Foundation (FAPEMIG)Minas Gerais State Research Foundation (FAPEMIG) We thank the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), and the Minas Gerais Research Foundation (FAPEMIG) for the financial contribution. We also thank the Center for Microscopy and Microanalysis of the Federal University of Vicosa for the technical support.

WOS: 000442868600010 PubMed ID: 30313462 A new species of the genus Okinawepipona Yamane from Vietnam is described and figured: Okinawepipona yty Nguyen, sp. nov. (northern Vietnam). Biology of O. yty Nguyen, sp. nov. and O. nigra Nguyen & Xu, 2014 is recorded. A key to the four species known in the genus is provided. Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology [KHCBSS.01/18-20] The present study was supported by the grant from the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (KHCBSS.01/18-20).

Notes on the paper wasp of the genus Polistes, Polistes delhiensis Das and Gupta, 1989 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae) from Vietnam are presented. The species has two color forms of the clypeus: brightly colored specimens were collected in the southern part of the range and darker colored specimens were collected in the northern part. Based on morphological and DNA data analysis, it is confirmed that both color forms belong to Polistes delhiensis. The male of this species is described for the first time and its fully-developed nest is also described.

WOS: 000428530200005 PubMed ID: 29690269 Twenty seven species of the subgenus Polistella Ashmead, 1904 are recorded from Vietnam. Polistes chuyangsin Nguyen & Nguyen sp. nov. and its nest are described and figured. A pictorial key to Vietnamese species of the subgenus is provided. Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED)National Foundation for Science & Technology Development (NAFOSTED) [106-NN.05-2014.40] We are grateful to James M. Carpenter (American Museum of Natural History) for the English proofreading of the manuscript. We thank section editor, Kevin Williams, and two anonymous reviewers for their critical comments. The present study was supported by the grant from the Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED: no. 106-NN.05-2014.40).

Yarı-kimyasallar(Semiokimyasallar) böceklerin yaşamında beslenme, çiftleşme ve yumurta bırakmagibi davranışlarda belirleyici rol oynarlar. Ayrıca bunlar belirli böcekzararlıları için ajan durumundadırlar. Feromon ve kairomon kullanılarak yapılanbiyolojik kontrolde böcek populasyonu gözlem altına alınabilmektedir. İçerisineAllomon ve Kairomon’ların de dahil olduğu yarı kimyasallar böcek davranışınınmodifiye edilmesinde oldukça önemli bir rol oynar. Yapılan son araştırmalargelecekte kimyasal ekoloji ile doğal düşman arasında interaksiyonu anlamımızıkolaylaştırıcı yönde etki yapacağını göstermektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Neuropteratakımı böceklerin kimyasal ekolojisi hakkında kısa bir bilgi sunmaktır. Bu derlememakalede, kairomon, allomon ve sinomon’ların tanımları ile bunların Neuropteratakımı böceklerin davranışlarına olan etkileri literatür ışığında özetlenmiştir. &nbsp

Bu çalışmada, BöcekEkolojisi isimli eser dil, içerik ve üslup yönünden incelenmiştir. Kitabıngenel bir özeti ortaya konularak, okurların ilgisini çekebileceğini düşündüğümüzhabitat heterojenliği, ekolojik stokiometri, görünürlük teorisi, fizyolojikekoloji, habitat fragmantasyonu gibi başlık ve altbaşlıklar ön planaçıkarılmaya çalışılmıştır.

Buçalışma; Türkiye’nin Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesindeki Chrysopid’lerin fauna, habitattercihleri ve tür çeşitliliğini değerlendirmek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Familya(Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) bu bölgede çok az bilinmektedir ve familya ile ilgiliçalışma da çok az gerçekleştirilmiştir. Chrysopidae türlerini yakalamak içinTürkiye’nin Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesinde 2012-2013 yılları arasında, dört şehirde(Adana, Hatay, Mersin, Osmaniye) atrap ve ışık tuzakları kullanılmıştır. Enyaygın tür, Nineta flava (Scopoli, 1763) olarak tespit edilmiştir. Dörtsahadan 18 türle temsil edilen toplam 1841 Neuroptera örneği toplanmıştır.Chrysopadorsalis Burmeister, 1839, Chrysopa viridana Schneider, 1845 ve ChrysopaAstarte Hölzel, 1967 3 bölge ile sınırlıyken, diğer tüm türlere, çalışılanher bölgede saptanmıştır. Tüm türler sırasıyla Haziran ve Temmuz aylarında enyüksek bolluk değerine ulaşmıştır. Chrysopidae türlerinin doğada gözlenişi ve dağılımı mevsimsel değişikliklerle çok azilgilidir., Thisstudy was conducted to establish Chrysopidae fauna and assess habitatpreferences and diversity of species in the East Mediterranean Region ofTurkey. The specific family (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in this region is poorlyknown and this survey. Traps (sweeping net, light traps) were used to catch ofChrysopidae species from all study sites at the four provinces (Adana, Hatay,Mersin, Osmaniye) in the East Mediterranean Region of Turkey between the years2012 and 2013. The most abundant species were Nineta flava (Scopoli, 1763). From all sites a total of 1841Neuroptera were trapped, representing 18 species. All the species were found inall sites while species Chrysopa dorsalisBurmeister, 1839, Chrysopa viridanaSchneider, 1845, Chrysopa astarteHölzel, 1967 were confined to 3 sites. All the species reached peak abundancerespectively in the June and July. The appearance and distribution of theChrysopidae species were strongly linked with seasonal changes.

The higher-level phylogeny of Neuroptera is explored here based on the newly determined mitochondrial genomic data, with a special focus on the interfamilial relationships of this group. Despite considerable progress in our understanding of neuropteran relationships, several mutually exclusive hypotheses have come out according to morphology-based analyses and molecular sequence data. The evaluation of these hypotheses is hampered by the limited taxonomic coverage of previous studies. In this paper, we sequenced four mitochondrial genomes to improve the taxonomic sampling for families: Myrmeleontidae, Ascalaphidae and outgroup Corydalidae. Phylogenetic analyses were run using various inference methods to (1) confirm that Coniopterygidae is sister to all other Neuroptera, (2) place Hemerobiidae as sister to Chrysopidae, (3) support the monophyly of Myrmeleontiformia and define its interfamilial relationships, and (4) recover Myrmeleontidae as paraphyletic due to the nested Ascalaphidae.