Search

In both developing and industrialised countries, due to numerous time-related problems of construction projects, BIM-based time management, 4D BIM, plays an increasingly critical role within the industry. This study investigates the planning and scheduling problems, BIM application level, and BIM-based scheduling implementation by the lead construction companies in Turkey. Despite the critical importance of the planning department in construction companies, the planning and BIM integration levels have scarcely been investigated from the contractor perspective in Turkey. This paper presents the outcomes of 16 semi-structured interviews (SSI) with managers of the leading Turkish contractors selected from 100 of ENR’s 2019 Top 250 International Contractors list; a list of issues are outlined. The current situation escalates problems like tendering with missing project documents, examining 2D project drawings while scheduling, fragmentation, project manager’s reluctance to use and follow the project schedule, issues with updating the schedule as per construction improvements and quantities, and a lack of investment for BIM implementation. The research findings, ultimately, aim to help contractors improve their processes. Although this study’s findings are obtained from interviews with lead Turkish contractors, it is not limited in terms of geographic context since the interviewed contractors work worldwide.

In this study, the mathematics textbooks of Singapore, which has a high level of success in international exams, the USA which has a moderate level of success in international exams, and Turkey were compared in terms of content and visuality based on the topics in the Turkish book. Firstly, the commonality of the topics in the curricula was examined, and it was found that the curricula in the U.S. and Turkey were more compatible. The number of the pages in the textbooks were also compared. It was concluded that the American textbook gave more room to learning numbers than the Turkish textbook, and Singapore allocated more room to algebra and statistical and probability learning than the United States and Turkey. The interior designs of the textbooks were examined separately and differences and similarities were found. In the field of learning numbers, the American and Turkish textbook used solved samples, but the Singaporean textbook used discovery more. In geometry and measurement, solved samples were used mostly in the American and Turkish textbooks while the Singaporean textbook used exploration in the field of statistics and probability the most. It was seen that the number of solved samples was lowest in the Singaporean textbook. In addition, when the densities of the related impressions were examined, it was seen that the Singaporean textbook was simpler and that the visuals were more dense in the Turkish and American textbooks., Bu çalışmada uluslararası sınavlarda başarı düzeyi yüksek olan Singapur ile başarı düzeyi orta sıralarda yer alan ABD’nin matematik ders kitapları ile Türkiye’nin 8. sınıf ders kitaplarının MEB Matematik Dersi Öğretim Programı (İlkokul ve Ortaokul 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ve 8. Sınıflar)’ında yer alan 8. sınıf kazanımları baz alınarak içerik ve görsellik açısından kıyaslanması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma doküman analizi kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Çalışmada öncelikli olarak ülkelerin matematik öğretim programlarının uyumuna bakılmış, ABD ile Türkiye’nin öğretim programlarının daha uyumlu olduğu sonucu ortaya çıkmıştır. Kitapların organizasyonuna ilişkin öğrenme alanlarının sayfa sayıları karşılaştırılmış ve sayılar öğrenme alanına en fazla ABD’nin, Geometri ve ölçme alanına Türkiye’nin diğer iki ülkeden daha fazla yer verdiği, Cebir ile İstatistik ve Olasılık öğrenme alanlarına ise Singapur’un ABD ve Türkiye’den daha fazla yer ayırdığı sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır. Her üç ülkenin de ders kitaplarının iç tasarımları ayrı ayrı incelenmiş, farklılık ve benzerlikler bulunmuştur. Sayılar öğrenme alanında Türkiye ve ABD çözümlü örneği diğer yaklaşımlardan fazla kullanırken, Singapur en çok keşfetmeyi kullanmıştır. Geometri ve ölçme alanında her üç ülke de çözümlü örneğe fazlaca yer verirken, Cebir ile İstatistik ve Olasılık öğrenme alanlarında Singapur keşfetme yaklaşımını daha fazla kullanmıştır. Türkiye matematik ders kitabında çözümlü örnek sayısı en fazla iken Singapur matematik ders kitabında çözümlü örnek sayısı en az, toplam gösterim sayılarına bakıldığında ise gösterimlerin en fazla Türkiye’de kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Ancak Türkiye matematik ders kitaplarında ilişkisiz gösterim sayısının da fazla olduğu görülmektedir. Bu durumun anlam karmaşasına ya da yersiz görsel yoğunluğa neden olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca ilişkili gösterimlerin yoğunluklarına bakıldığında Singapur kitaplarının daha sade Türkiye ve ABD kitaplarında görsellerin daha yoğun olduğu görülmüştür.

PurposeThis study aims to identify the trends that have changed in the field of construction management over the last 20 years.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, 3,335 journal articles published in the years 2000–2020 were collected from the Web of Science database in construction management. The authors applied bibliometric analysis first and then detected topics with the latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic detection method.FindingsIn this context, 20 clusters from cluster analysis were found and the topics were extracted in clusters with the LDA topic detection method. The results show “building information modeling” and “information management” are the most studied subjects, even though they have emerged in the last 15 years “building information modeling,” “information management,” “scheduling and cost optimization,” “lean construction,” “agile approach” and “megaprojects” are the trend topics in the construction management literature.Research limitations/implicationsThis study uses bibliometric analysis. The authors accept that the co-citation and co-authorship relationship in the data is ethical. They accept that honorary authorship, self-citation or honorary citation do not change the pattern of the construction management research domain.Originality/valueThere has been no study conducted in the last 20 years to examine research trends in construction management. Although bibliometric analysis, systematic literature reviews and text mining methods are used separately as a methodology for extracting research trends, no study has used enhanced bibliometric analysis and the LDA topic detection text mining method.

Purpose Integrated project delivery (IPD) and building information modeling (BIM) has begun to be used in real estate development projects over the past decade to improve collaboration, communication and efficiency. However, the use of BIM and IPD in projects does not always imply that the information is well used and managed. This study aims to explain how information management should be carried out in BIM and IPD projects, what activities should be managed by the information manager and which stakeholder should play this role and why? Design/methodology/approach This study provides a framework on the subject by conducting a comprehensive systematic review in the field of real estate development, BIM, IPD and information management. In this context, the Web of Science and Scopus databases have been systematically reviewed, n = 45 out of a total of n = 1,356 articles and additionally, the BIM documents and standards prepared by public institutions and organizations and industry reports have been examined in detail. Findings The framework for information management roles was established by reviewing the literature. According to this framework, information management activities of information managers are listed in the table that covers all phases of real estate development. The owner should undertake this role as it is the entity that oversees the built asset from planning to the management of that facility. Originality/value In terms of acquiring information management roles, there is no research on BIM and IPD projects and who will take over this role. This study desired to close this gap in the literature.

nema

This research focuses on evaluating the potential of architects/engineers as Knowledge Workers (KW) operating in the Turkish construction sector. A survey to identify the presence of KWs was prepared and applied to 113 of 324 employees, including architects and engineers from 138 different large-scale Turkish contractor companies (head offices, design offices, technical offices and construction sites). The survey consists of two main sections that (1) recognise the profile of the participants and companies and (2) six sub-sections as communication, motivation, autonomy, possessing theoretical and practical knowledge, ability to access and use information, and intellectual ability. The results of the survey indicate that architects have a higher potential to be identified as KWs than engineers in the Turkish construction sector. Furthermore, the number of KWs among the design and head office workers is higher, because there are a higher number of architects working in these departments.The potential of being a KW increases in parallel to the level of education of the employees, which is determined from a Bachelor's degree and PhD degree. When examining gender statistics in the survey, women employees have higher scores than men. The findings of this study should guide the construction sector professionals in Turkey as well as those from other countries who seek to identify the KWs in the contractor companies. This research, with the approach and methodology, may provide better management of human resources by identifying and placing these valuable employees correctly.

Seyf-i Fergânî, XIII. yüzyılın ikinci çeyreğinde Fergânada dünyaya gelmiştir. Bir süre Tebriz’de kaldıktan sonra Anadolu’ya gelmiş ve Aksaray’da ikamet etmiştir. Ömrünün sonuna kadar bu şehirde yaşayan ve bir iki şiir dışında zamanın hükümdarlarını, emirlerini ve devlet erkânını övmeyen mutasavvıf bir şairdir. Seyf-i Fergânî’nin hayatı ve eğitimi hakkında kaynaklarda ve kendi divanında fazla bilgi yoktur. Yazmış olduğu ârifâne, âşıkâne, tasavvûfi ve nasihat içerikli şiirleri başta olmak üzere, ayet ve hadislerden iktibas yapması, peygamber kıssalarına telmîhte bulunması, arûz, kafiye ve edebî sanatlara olan hâkimiyeti, başta Sa‘dî olmak üzere Senâî, ‘Attâr, Rûdekî gibi kendisinden önceki usta şairlerin şiirlerine cevap vermesi, nazire yazması ya da atıfta bulunması; özellikle de Sa‘dî’ye yazmış olduğu şiirleri onun iyi bir eğitim aldığını göstermektedir. Kaside, kıta, gazel ve rubâi nazım türlerinden müteşekkil 10.277 beyitten oluşan bir divanı vardır. Bu divan Zebîhullah Safa tarafından 1392 (2013) yılında Tahran’da yayımlanmıştır. Çalışmamız bu baskı esas alınarak yapılmış olan Seyf-i Fergânî’nin Gazellerinin İncelenmesi (Doktora Tezi) adlı çalışmadan faydalanılarak yapılmıştır. Seyf-i Fergânî hakkında kısaca bilgi verildikten sonra şairin gazellerinde aşk, âşık ve maşuk ile ilgili düşünceleri örnek beyitler verilerek incelenmiştir. Seyf’in şiirlerinde âşık ve maşuk ilişkisi genel itibariyle ilahî aşk için kullanılmıştır. Ancak ilahî aşk dışında kullanımlar da vardır. İlahî aşk içerikli şiirlerinde, gerçek sevgili olan Allah’a, ancak ilahî aşkla kavuşulabilir, Seyf-i Fergani was born in Fergâna in the second quarter of the 13th century. After staying in Tebriz for a while, he came to Anatolia and he lived in Aksaray. Seyf who lived in this city until the end of his life and does not praise the rulers, viziers and statesman of the time except for one or two poems, is a mystic poet. There is not adequate information about the life and the education of Seyf-i Fergani either in the sources or in his Divan. Being in the first place his poetries written in intellectual, amorous, mystic and advising manner his citing from verses and hadiths, his showing the prophet’s anecdotes as reference, his full knowledge on aruz prosody, rhyme and literary arts, his responses to the poetries of the former master poets like in first place Sa’di and Senai, ‘Attar, Rudeki, his replies or citing, particularly his poetries which he wrote to Sa’di shows that he received a good education. There is a divan consisting of 10,277 couplets composed of ode, verse, gazelle and rubaie poetry genres. This divan was published in Tehran in 1392 (2013) by Zebihullah Safa. İn this work, we used thesis with tittle of the analysıs of Seyf-i Fergânî’s Gazelles. After a brief introduction was given about Seyf-i Fergânî’s life, his thoughts about love, lover and beloved in his gazelles were examined with examples of couplets. In the poetries of Seyf the connection of lover and beloved was used generally for divine love. However, there also usages except the divine love. In his poetries including the divine love one could only reach Allah, the real beloved, with divine love.

Background The screening of frailty in older adults is an important issue in the preventive approach in medicine. Frailty is one of the leading causes of morbidity and premature mortality in older adults. Objective The aim of this study was to validate the PRISMA-7 questionnaire in community-dwelling elderly people living in Antalya, Turkey. Methods This study was cross-sectional and observational in nature and was conducted in Antalya (Turkey) from February 2016 to April 2017. One hundred fifty patients participated in this study. PRISMA-7 and the CSHA Clinical Frailty Scale were applied to these patients along with a questionnaire on socio-demographics. No translations were available for the PRISMA-7 or the CSHA in Turkish language. The PRISMA-7 and the CSHA Clinical Frailty Scale were translated by two translators to Turkish language; after compilation and agreeing to one Turkish translation, the text was translated back by two translators to English. The translation was then compiled to one text and compared with the original text. After agreement on the translation, both translations were piloted in 10 elderly people. The final form has been applied in this study. Data of the ten piloted patients have not been included into the dataset. Data were analyzed by IBM-SPSS version 22, using descriptive statistics, Pearson product-moment correlation, and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Results Our study showed that participants were in average vulnerability to frailty. The test-retest reliability score for the PRISMA-7 Scale and for the CSHA Clinical Frailty Scale were (r= 99.2; p

Background: Community-based interventions show a decrease in morbidity according to falls and interventions covering exercise and home safety measures were superior to solve educational activities. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of a 12-week balance, strength and aerobic training on balance and conditional tests in people aged 55 years and over. Material and Methods: The study was performed in a primary health care center in Antalya, South-Turkey. A sample of 199 patients have been invited. After randomization, the intervention group received instructions about the falls prevention and endurance, strength, balance and flexibility training. Patients were counseled once a week and supported monthly with a elastic band(according their level of strength). Two measurements with Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale (FAB), Balance Efficacy Scale (BES), Health and Activity Questionnaire (HAQ), of the Falls Prevention Program; and physical condition measurements have been performed Results: The number of participants both in the intervention and control groups were 73; however, 7 patients from the intervention group and 9 patients from the control group dropped out before the lass evaluation at the 12th week. The scores of FAB and BES, the Chair Stand Test Repetition Frequency, Chair Sit and Reach Test, Back Scratch Test, Arm Curl Test, Two Minutes Step Test, and the Fifty Feet Walk Test showed a significant difference at the end of the intervention and in the intervention group. Conclusion: Improvements in conditional factors (strength, flexibility and balance) were observed. A decrease in fall frequency was not observed. We recommend a promising intervention, which could be implemented in alow-resourced setting and which could reduce falls in long-term.

Purpose The aim of this study was to examine the effect of exercise prescribed by primary care physicians (PCPs) on the quality of life (QoL) of elderly people. Method Randomisation was performed at PCPs level from 16 primary healthcare centers. Patients were divided into intervention and control groups. Both groups of physicians received theoretical training (14 h), and the intervention group received additional practical training on exercise prescription (10 h). Patients in the intervention group were prescribed endurance, flexibility, balance, and strength exercises and were given training packs. QoL was measured using Short Form-36. Measurements were taken at the beginning of the study, after the 3rd month, and at the end of the 6th month to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. Results The age of participants (Intervention group n = 69, Control group n = 110) was 57.68 ± 5.08 years. At the end of the study, physical function, physical role function, social role function, mental health, vitality, general health perception, and emotional role function scores increased and body pain scores decreased in the intervention group. Significant differences (p

This study investigated the pattern problems posed by middle school mathematics preservice teachers using multiple representations to determine both their pattern knowledge levels and their abilities to transfer this knowledge to students. The design of the study is the survey method, one of the quantitative research methods. The study group was composed of 30 middle school mathematics preservice teachers attending their last year at a state university in Turkey. The Pattern Problem Posing Test with Multiple Representation (PPPTMR), developed by the researchers, was used as the data collection tool. It was identified that preservice teachers’ performances when posing pattern problems based on different forms of representations differed according to their knowledge levels and a student level. It was observed that preservice teachers were more successful in using tables in the pattern problems they posed at their levels. Also, they were more skillful at using figures as representations when they posed the pattern problems at a student level. It was also determined that preservice teachers’ performances when posing pattern problems using different representations at their own levels was higher than their performances when posing problems at a student level.

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the primary mathematics teacher candidates' perceptions about the equal sign within the scope of neuroscience studies. To reveal their perceptions about the equal sign, three types of addition operations were asked to the participants: , , . Their brain waves were recorded by EEG device named as Neuron-Spectrum 4. Moreover, their ideas about the types of the questions were asked to support EEG data. As a result, it was found that the teacher candidates had more cognitive activity in parietal lobe while solving the questions of type two and three. In addition to this, they also showed more cognitive activity in frontal lobe for the type three questions. EEG results reveal that they had difficulty to answer these questions than the questions of type one as they also wrote on the interview form.

Science is based on sharing of ideational, observatory, and professionalexperiences among scientists. Their professional communication is performed bypresentations and discussions at scientific meetings and publications inpeer-reviewed journals. Even after successful research the sharing of theirfindings is causing challenges. This review tries to guide new beginningcolleagues in their research activities. Even the preparation of publicationcalls out for patience and persistence, the publication of our scientific workwill help to bring our family medicine to an international niveau. Bilim, bilim insanlarınınkendi aralarında yapmış oldukları fikirsel, gözlemsel ya da mesleki deneyimpaylaşımlarına dayanmaktadır. Mesleki iletişimleri ise, bilimsel toplantılardayapmış oldukları sunumlar, tartışmalar ya da hakemli dergilerde yayınlamışoldukları yayınlar vesilesiyle olmaktadır. Yapılan araştırma başarı ilesonuçlanmasına rağmen, elde edilen bulguların bilim çevreleri ile paylaşımaşamasında sıkıntılar yaşanmaktadır. Bu derleme ile yayın faaliyetlerine yenibaşlayan meslektaşlarımıza yol gösterilmek istenmiştir. Eserlerin yayınlanacakhale getirilmeleri, sabır ve sebat gerektirmektedir. Bilimsel çalışmalarımızınsonuçlarını yayınlayabilmek, ülkemizdeki aile hekimliği disiplininin eğitim veuygulama alanında uluslararası bilimsel standartları yakalamasına yardımcıolacaktır.&nbsp

The development of computable building regulations is an important factor for shortening the communication of building code provisions and automated code compliance checking. The representation of building regulations plays an important role in a computer-readable format which recognizes and understands certain aspects of the domain knowledge in compliance checking of building regulations. It allows compliance checking of a building model according to building regulations, codes and standards, and it evaluates the building model with its building elements. The studies have continued to the present to obtain data from legal sources and to create an appropriate computable representation of building regulations. In this research, the studies on domain knowledge representation of computable building regulation compliance checking are reviewed in detail based on the literature in the last 50 years. It also discusses the languages and methods of the studies under common titles such as Human Languages, Formal Languages, Artificial Intelligence Methods, Markup Language Methods and Semantic Web Methods and also reviews the languages and methods which are used in the representation of building regulations.

Purpose The selection of the contractor, as a main participant of a construction project, is the most important and challenging decision process for a client. The purpose of this paper is to propose a multi-agent systems (MAS)-based contractor pre-qualification (CP) model for the construction sector in the frame of the tender management system. Design/methodology/approach The meta-classification and analysis study of the existing literature on CP, contractor selection and criteria weighting issues, which examines the current and important CP criteria, other than price, is introduced structurally. A quantitative survey, which is carried out to estimate initial weightings of the identified criteria, is overviewed. MAS are used to model the pre-qualification process and workflows are shown in Petri nets formalism. A user-friendly prototype program is created in order to simulate the tendering process. In addition, a real case regarding the construction work in Turkey is analyzed. Findings There is a lack of non-human-driven solutions and automation in CP and in the selection problem. The proposed model simulates the pre-qualification process and provides consistent results. Research limitations/implications The meta-classification study consists of only peer-reviewed papers between 1992 and 2013 and the quantitative survey initiates the perspectives of the actors of Turkish construction sector. Only the traditional project delivery method is selected for the proposed model, that is other delivery methods such as design/build, project management, etc., are not considered. Open, selective limited and negotiated tendering processes are examined in the study and the direct supply is not considered in the scope. Practical implications The implications will help to provide an objective CP and selection process and to prevent the delays, costs and other troubles, which are caused by the false selection of a contractor. Originality/value Automation and simulation in the pre-qualification and the selection of the contractor with a non-human-driven intelligent solution ease the decision processes of clients in terms of cost, time and quality.

The benefits of BIM such as effective decision making, improved analysis, easier access to information and simpler green building certification provide an optimised solution for sustainable design and construction. This study proposes an IFC-based framework within an integrated BIM and sustainable data model for the design stage of the building project life cycle. We present the green building assessment tool (GBAT), which implements the proposed model and aids the design team in the generation of documentation necessary for obtaining green building certification. It extracts the necessary data from BIM models for calculating the green rating and provides feedback for further evaluation. A sample project is run and a green rating score table for the BREEAM materials category is obtained for validation of the model. This tool serves as a proof of concept that green data relevant for BREEAM certification can be automatically processed and used to inform the design.

The aim of this research is to reveal what the mathematical habits of mind which are observed on the mathematics teachers serving at the public schools are. This study is a survey research which falls under descriptive researches group and was conducted with 52 mathematics teachers. While collecting data, “Knowing Our Own Habits as a Mathematician” form were used and 6 problems were solved by teachers. Frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation values and Mann Whitney-U and Kruskal Wallis-H tests were used for data analysis. The findings obtained as a result of the researches showed that the teachers who participated in the study have different opinions on their mathematical habits of mind and the majority of the teachers think the habits of mind are effective both inside and outside the class. It was found that the difference between the opinions of the teachers on their own habits and their habits in practice is not statistically significant in terms of gender. According to the professional seniority variable, it was observed that the opinions of the teachers on habits of mind do not differ excluding generalization habit; and the higher the professional seniority is, the higher generalization preferences of the teachers are. It was found that the difference of habits of mind of the teachers in practice, in terms of professional seniority is not statistically significant. [Çalışmanın amacı, devlet ortaokullarında görev yapmakta olan matematik öğretmenlerinde görülen matematiksel zihin alışkanlıklarının neler olduğunu ortaya koymaktır. Araştırma modeli betimsel araştırma yöntemlerinden tarama araştırması olup, 52 matematik öğretmeni ile yürütülmüştür. Verilerin toplanmasında, “Bir Matematikçi Olarak Kendi Alışkanlıklarımızı Bilme” formu (MOKAB) kullanılmış ve ayrıntılı çözüm gerektiren 6 problem çözdürülmüştür. Verilerin analizinde, frekans, yüzde, ortalama ve standart sapma değerleri ile Mann Whitney-U ve Kruskal Wallis-H testleri kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, çalışmaya katılan öğretmenlerin, kendi matematiksel zihin alışkanlıklarıyla ilgili farklı düşüncelere sahip olduklarını ve büyük çoğunluğun, zihin alışkanlıklarının hem sınıf içi hem de sınıf dışında etkili olduğunu düşündüklerini göstermiştir. Öğretmenlerin kendi alışkanlıklarıyla ilgili düşüncelerinin ve uygulamadaki alışkanlıklarının cinsiyete göre farklılığının istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmadığı bulunmuştur. Meslekî kıdem değişkenine göre, öğretmenlerin, zihin alışkanlıklarıyla ilgili düşüncelerinin genelleme alışkanlığı haricinde farklılık göstermediği; meslekî kıdem arttıkça, genelleme yapma tercihlerinin arttığı görülmüştür. Uygulamadaki zihin alışkanlıklarının meslekî kıdeme göre farklılığının istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmadığı bulunmuştur.]

Neuroesthetics is a field of science that examines the beauty and art of individuals in their brains. It is a branch of science called empirical aesthetics. The formal definition was made in 2002 and its scientific foundations are based on neuroscience. Investigates the transmission and processing of five senses to the brain. For the last 20 years, the subject of art and the perception and perception of art is the subject of research. In their research, the methods of radiodiagnostic and other known fields are used. The relationship between brain anatomy and functional anatomy is examined. Scientific evidence suggests that art is an objective field. Developments in the neuroesthetic science increase our knowledge of the visual perception of artworks and other qualifications. New information on senses will lead us to understand perceptual aesthetic experiences.

BACKGROUND: Vitamins and minerals have many functions in the nervous system which are important for brain health. It has been suggested that various different vitamin and mineral supplements might be useful in maintaining cognitive function and delaying the onset of dementia. In this review, we sought to examine the evidence for this in people who already had mild cognitive impairment (MCI). OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of vitamin and mineral supplementation on cognitive function and the incidence of dementia in people with mild cognitive impairment. SEARCH METHODS: We searched ALOIS, the Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group’s (CDCIG) specialised register, as well as MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, CINAHL, LILACs, Web of Science Core Collection, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the WHO Portal/ICTRP, from inception to 25 January 2018. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised or quasi‐randomised, placebo‐controlled trials which evaluated orally administered vitamin or mineral supplements in participants with a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and which assessed the incidence of dementia or cognitive outcomes, or both. We were interested in studies applicable to the general population of older people and therefore excluded studies in which participants had severe vitamin or mineral deficiencies. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We sought data on our primary outcomes of dementia incidence and overall cognitive function and on secondary outcomes of episodic memory, executive function, speed of processing, quality of life, functional performance, clinical global impression, adverse events, and mortality. We conducted data collection and analysis according to standard Cochrane systematic review methods. We assessed the risk of bias of included studies using the Cochrane 'Risk of bias' assessment tool. We grouped vitamins and minerals according to their putative mechanism of action and, where we considered it to be clinically appropriate, we pooled data using random‐effects methods. We used GRADE methods to assess the overall quality of evidence for each comparison and outcome. MAIN RESULTS: We included five trials with 879 participants which investigated B vitamin supplements. In four trials, the intervention was a combination of vitamins B6, B12, and folic acid; in one, it was folic acid only. Doses varied. We considered there to be some risks of performance and attrition bias and of selective outcome reporting among these trials. Our primary efficacy outcomes were the incidence of dementia and scores on measures of overall cognitive function. None of the trials reported the incidence of dementia and the evidence on overall cognitive function was of very low‐quality. There was probably little or no effect of B vitamins taken for six to 24 months on episodic memory, executive function, speed of processing, or quality of life. The evidence on our other secondary clinical outcomes, including harms, was very sparse or very low‐quality. There was evidence from one study that there may be a slower rate of brain atrophy over two years in participants taking B vitamins. The same study reported subgroup analyses based on the level of serum homocysteine (tHcy) at baseline and found evidence that B vitamins may improve episodic memory in those with tHcy above the median at baseline. We included one trial (n = 516) of vitamin E supplementation. Vitamin E was given as 1000 IU of alpha‐tocopherol twice daily. We considered this trial to be at risk of attrition and selective reporting bias. There was probably no effect of vitamin E on the probability of progression from MCI to Alzheimer's dementia over three years (HR 1.02; 95% CI 0.74 to 1.41; n = 516; 1 study, moderate‐quality evidence). There was also no evidence of an effect at intermediate time points. The available data did not allow us to conduct analyses, but the authors reported no significant effect of three years of supplementation with vitamin E on overall cognitive function, episodic memory, speed of processing, clinical global impression, functional performance, adverse events, or mortality (five deaths in each group). We considered this to be low‐quality evidence. We included one trial (n = 256) of combined vitamin E and vitamin C supplementation and one trial (n = 26) of supplementation with chromium picolinate. In both cases, there was a single eligible cognitive outcome, but we considered the evidence to be very low‐quality and so could not be sure of any effects. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: The evidence on vitamin and mineral supplements as treatments for MCI is very limited. Three years of treatment with high‐dose vitamin E probably does not reduce the risk of progression to dementia, but we have no data on this outcome for other supplements. Only B vitamins have been assessed in more than one RCT. There is no evidence for beneficial effects on cognition of supplementation with B vitamins for six to 24 months. Evidence from a single study of a reduced rate of brain atrophy in participants taking vitamin B and a beneficial effect of vitamin B on episodic memory in those with higher tHcy at baseline warrants attempted replication.

Rationale, aims and objectives In this study smartphones/tablet PCs and medical application utilization by family physicians and factors concerning the acceptance of medical application in family practice setting have been studied. Methods One hundred seventy-six participants voluntarily agreed to fill out a 27-item questionnaire. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics and eight items (acceptability of utilization of applications) revealed Cronbach's alpha of 0.965 and the factor analysis showed one factor explaining 80.6% of total variance. Results The mean age of respondents was 35.7 [standard deviation (SD) = 8.12; min–max = 24–52], 79 were male (45.9%) and 88 female (51.2%), 56 (32.5%) were single and 113 (65.7%) married, and the mean experience duration as a physician was 11.1 years (SD = 11.1; min–max = 1–28). One hundred sixty-seven (97.1%) had a smartphone and/or tablet PC. Smartphone and/or tablet PC were used since 3.7 (SD = 2.17; min–max = 0–12) years. Sixty-one (35.5%) felt that smartphone and/or tablet PC are very important, 92 (53.5%) important, 2 (1.2%) unimportant and 12 (7%) were undecided about this. One hundred eleven (64.5%) participants had a medical application on the smartphone and 66 (38.4%) on the tablet PC. They used 1.7 (SD = 2.04; min–max = 0–10) medical applications for 1.45 (SD = 2.53; min–max = 0–25) times on average. Eighty respondents (66.7%) used a medical application for any medical problem. Conclusions Almost all family physicians used smartphone and/or tablet PC during daily practice, and the reason of use was commonly for communication and Internet purposes. Usage during working hours was limited, but medical apps were perceived mainly positively for receiving medical information via Internet. Looking at the medical apps’ acceptability scale, participants were in agreement with the security, cost, contents’ quality, ease of use, support, ease of finding, ease of accessing and motivation to use medical applications.

The frequency of dementia is increasing steadily, and it is currently estimated that 60% of patients suffering from this disease reside in developing countries. An improvement in health care services for this elderly patients must be anticipated to assist in reducing the patient burden to their communities, families, and health systems; alternately, contributions made by hospitals through their diagnostic efforts and treatment of patients are of great importance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the health records (n = 246) of patients in a dementia clinic for data regarding age, sex, occupation, reason for presentation, laboratory findings, neuropsychological tests, diagnoses made at presentation, and follow-up visits. Patients aged ≥ 60 years with cognitive symptoms were included in the study; mean age was 74.4 (SD, 7.58) years, with a predominantly female population (n = 142; 57.7%). The main reason for patient presentation was memory problems (n = 238; 96.7%). Administration of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) revealed a mean score of 19.14 (SD, 8.24) across the patient population; Montreal Cognitive Assessment mean test scores were 20.9 (SD, 5.31); and Clock Drawing Test median score was 2 points (min-max, 0-4). The most common diagnoses were Alzheimer-type dementia (n = 167; 67.9%) and mild cognitive impairment (n = 49; 19.9%). During a 31-month period, the dementia outpatient clinic was visited an average of 2.79 (SD, 2.32) times. Findings indicated that women had higher vitamin B12 levels (P = 0.001), lower MMSE scores (P = 0.022), fewer follow-up visits (P = 0.006), and higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (P = 0.02).

In order to attain the objectives of a construction project all of the resources should be used effectively and efficiently. Therefore, the success of a construction project is directly related to organize the project team and to select the building production process participants accurately who will use these resources. Selection of the contractor, as a main participant of a construction project, is the most important and challenging decision process for a client. The objectives of this paper are (1) to introduce the findings of the literature review about the contractor selection and pre- qualification models and systems studied between 1992 – 2013 (2) to classify academic studies dealing with pre-qualification and selection criteria of contractors using a Meta classification method. In this paper, 133 peer-reviewed academic studies have been analyzed and classified in the domain of contractor selection, contractor pre-qualification and weighting criteria. A meta- classification system is adapted and used in order to present the state of the art of contractor pre-qualification and selection challenge. It is obtained that the statistical models, fuzzy set theory and AHP are the most preferred methods in order to solve contractor selection problem. Moreover, an increment in the studies of contractor selection in the last period is determined. Then, based on the findings of literature review, supporting the available contractor pre-qualification and selection models and systems with rapidly changing information technology applications such as agent-based systems is discussed

Reports occupy important places in our lives. The word “report” can be classified as "An examination of a subject, the results of research, reporting detections, thoughts, or writings in any work". In daily life, the physician's reports (doctor reports) come to mind. The dictionary definition of physician’s reports is "diagnosis of the disease, showing the patient's condition rest, etc, the doctor or doctors writing given by the board". Family physicians are authorized and mandated for the submission of reports by legislation, except specified reports. Family physicians are faced with a wide variety of reporting requirements. Requirements vary by geographic and population structure. With the influence of recent legislative changes, the Health Reports for driver candidates and drivers, Premarital Health Reports, Mental Faculties’ reports demands are more often than others. On editing Health Reports for Driver Candidates and Drivers, the details of legislation should be well known, examination should be carefully carried out; and if necessary, investigations and tests should be ordered. The report should be issued for the applicant, if there are no obstacles. In cases regarding the declared or suspected diseases, consultation should be requested. The applicants’ ages should be carefully inquired in Premarital Health Reports physical examination must be carried out. Counseling about sexually transmitted and hereditary diseases should be given. In case of suspicion of a disease that constitutes an obstacle for the marriage prescribed by law, ordering necessary tests are mandatory, otherwise, these tests can be done voluntarily. Relevant legislations for the aim and scope of the investigation should be followed carefully. Identity information must be reviewed; the physical examination must be done carefully. Doctors shouldn’t hesitate to administer necessary tests and consultations, but should also avoid doing unnecessary tests. Hayatimizda, raporlar cok onemli yer isgal etmektedir. Rapor kelimesinin “Herhangi bir iste, bir konuda yapilan inceleme, arastirma sonucunu, dusunceleri veya tespit edilenleri bildiren yazi, yazanak” gibi genis anlami vardir. Gunluk yasamda rapor denilince siklikla akla gelen hekim raporlari dir. Sozluk tanimi; “hastaligin tanisi, hastanin dinlenme durumu vb.ni gosteren, doktor veya doktorlar kurulu tarafindan verilen yazi” seklindedir. Yasal duzenlemelerle belirtilen ozel durumlar disindaki raporlarin verilmesi icin, aile hekimleri yetkilendirilmis ve gorevlendirilmislerdir. Aile hekimliginde cok cesitli rapor talepleriyle karsilasilmaktadir. Talepler, cografi ve nufus yapisi ile degisebilir. Son yapilan yasal degisikliklerin de etkisiyle, en sik surucu adaylari ve suruculer icin saglik raporlari (SASSR), evlilik oncesi saglik raporlari(EOSR), akli meleke ve hukuki muamele yapabilir rapor talepleri digerlerinden daha siktir. SASSR’i duzenlerken mevzuattaki ayrintilar iyice bilinmeli, titizlikle muayene edilmeli ve gerekli durumlarda tetkik ve testler yapilmalidir. Engel durum yoksa rapor duzenlenmelidir. Beyan edilen veya suphelenilen hastaliklarla ilgili, gerekli durumlarda diger brans uzmanlarindan konsultasyon istenilmelidir. EOSR’de, kimlik bilgilerinden yas ozellikle gozetilmelidir. Muayene mutlaka yapilmalidir. Cinsel yolla bulasan ve genetik gecisli hastaliklar hakkinda danismanlik verilmelidir. Yasada belirtilen, evlenmeye engel teskil eden hastaliklardan suphe edilmesi durumunda gerekli tetkikler zorunludur, bunun disinda bireylerin istemeleri halinde tetkik yapilabilir. Rapor duzenlerken, konu ile ilgili mevzuatin istedigi amac ve sekle uygun hareket edilmelidir. Kimlik bilgileri kontrol edilmeli, muayene mutlaka titizlikle yapilmalidir. Gereksiz tetkik ve islemlerden kacinilirken gerekli durumlarda yapilmasindan ve konsultasyon istenmesinden cekinilmemelidir. Yapilan her islem mutlaka kayit altina alinmalidir.

The prevalence of both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) is increasing with the aging of the population. Studies from the last several years have shown that people with diabetes have an increased risk for dementia and cognitive impairment. Therefore, the authors of this consensus review tried to elaborate on the role of diabetes, especially diabetes type 2 (T2DM) in both AD and VaD. Based on the clinical and experimental work of scientists from 18 countries participating in the International Congress on Vascular Disorders and on literature search using PUBMED, it can be concluded that T2DM is a risk factor for both, AD and VaD, based on a pathology of glucose utilization. This pathology is the consequence of a disturbance of insulin-related mechanisms leading to brain insulin resistance. Although the underlying pathological mechanisms for AD and VaD are different in many aspects, the contribution of T2DM and insulin resistant brain state (IRBS) to cerebrovascular disturbances in both disorders cannot be neglected. Therefore, early diagnosis of metabolic parameters including those relevant for T2DM is required. Moreover, it is possible that therapeutic options utilized today for diabetes treatment may also have an effect on the risk for dementia. T2DM/IRBS contribute to pathological processes in AD and VaD.