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This paper deals with higher education students’ career and family plans based on a quantitative pilot research conducted among students studying social sciences at a research university in Eastern Hungary. According to one type of career models, namely the self-directed, protean career concept, organisations should adapt to employees’ own career interpretation, values, and attitudes, furthermore, according to the Kaleidoscope Career Model, individuals nowadays adapt their careers to their life stages. Due to this, this paper deals with students’ family plans besides their career plans. The novelty of the research is that it examines the plans of Hungarian students studying in a specific field (social sciences) and analyzes their career and family plans in parallel. The research inestigates what family and career mean to students, what influences these, whether family or career is more important to students, how students time these, and to what extent they consider these to be compatible. Research methods include descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and exploratory factor analysis. The results show that career goals often preceded family goals and, in accordance with traditional gender roles, career was slightly more important for male students than for female students. According to the factor analysis, students found it the most important to meet their own expectations. Furthermore, many students, especially females, interpreted career as a form of self-fulfilment. These results are in line with modern career models (the self-directed, protean career concept and the Kaleidoscope Career Model). An important implication of the research for prospective employers is the need to adapt their HR strategies to young people’s family and career plans. The research also highlights that students’ career goals are already emphasised during the studies, so employers should strengthen cooperation with universities to support students in acquiring professional experience during their studies to help them achieve their career goals.

Elemzésem célja feltárni az alacsonyan iskolázott fiatalok társadalmi hátterét, tőkefajtákkal való ellátottságát, munkaerő-piaci helyzetét, és összevetni a magasabban iskolázottak helyzetével. A kutatás a „Rural Youthjobs” Facilitating the Integration of Rural Youth ont he Labour Market of Bihor – Hajdú-Bihar Euro-Region HURO/1001/081/2.3.2 projekt keretében a derecskei kistérségben folyt 2012-ben. A kérdőíves vizsgálatban 10%-os rétegzett mintát vettünk. A vizsgálatban 14-37 éves fiatalok vettek részt, és öt településen folyt a lekérdezés, Derecskén 228, Sárándon 80, Tépén 38, Hosszúpályin 91, Konyáron 64 fős mintát vettünk, összesen N=501főt kérdeztünk meg. Ebből a jelen elemzésben leválogattam a foglalkoztatottakat (142 fő), a regisztrált munkanélkülieket (81 fő) és a nem regisztrált munkanélkülieket (24 fő), és a többi inaktívot kihagytam, mivel munkámban elsősorban a jelenleg aktív népesség vizsgálata volt a cél, az elemszám így N=247 fő lett.

A nemzetközi mobilitás napjainkra nemcsak a sikeres kutatói életút részévé vált, de egyre erősebb szakmai elvárásként fogalmazódik meg. Az elmúlt évtizedekben ugrásszerű növekedésnek indult migrációt a nemzetközi szakirodalom már mélyebben vizsgálja, de a magyar kutatók külföldi karrierjéről keveset tudunk. Ráadásul, ahogyan a kutatói karrierek, úgy a nemzetközi mobilitás is erősen meghatározott a nemek alapján, és számos módon összekapcsolódhat az egyenlőtlenségek különböző típusaival. Tanulmányunk célja feltárni a külföldre távozott magyar kutatók főbb jellemzőit, különös tekintettel a nemek közötti azonosságokra és különbségekre. A kutatás online kérdőív segítségével vizsgálta a PhD-fokozattal rendelkezők mobilitását: karrierjét, munkaszerződését, munka és magánéletének egyensúlyát, jövőterveit, valamint a fokozat hasznosíthatóságát. Eredményeink azt mutatják, hogy a férfiak külföldi munkaerőpiaci helyzete előnyösebb a nőkéhez képest, a munka-magánélet egyensúlya kihívás a nők számára, de mégis könnyebb külföldön, ugyanakkor a gyermekvállalásra negatív hatással van. A fokozatba fektetett tőkék megtérülését a férfiak egyértelműbben érzékelik, a nők elégedettsége mérsékeltebb.

Dolgozatunkban a felsőoktatási továbbtanulás motivációit vizsgáljuk a felsőoktatási hallgatók körében, illetve azt, hogy ezek milyen társadalmi és demográfiai háttérváltozókkal függenek össze. Kutatási módszerünk kvantitatív, egy, a partiumi térségben lekérdezett 2014-es hallgatói minta adatait használtuk fel (N = 1792). Kutatásunk elméleti hátterét az emberi tőke modell és a bourdieu-i tőkekonvertálási elmélet adja. Az empirikus részben a kérdőívben szereplő tíz továbbtanulási motiváció mentén klaszterelemzést végeztünk, és vizsgáltuk a klaszterek és a háttérváltozók kapcsolatát is. Eredményeink szerint a legfontosabb továbbtanulási motiváció a tudásgyarapítás volt, azaz az emberi tőke elméletben központi szerepet betöltő későbbi magasabb jövedelem szempontja háttérbe szorult. A hallgatók a tőkekonvertálási modellel összhangban inkább kulturális és kapcsolati tőkét akartak szerezni, amikor a továbbtanulásról döntöttek, ami később anyagi, vagy más formában megtérülhet nekik. Azonban a továbbtanulási motivációkat befolyásolta a diákok társadalmi háttere, de hipotézisünkkel szemben az anyagi szempontok nem voltak egyértelműen fontosabbak a rosszabb hátterű diákoknak, mint a jobb hátterűeknek.

Napjainkban a felsőoktatási hallgatók önkéntességének motivációi változóban vannak, és a csak segítő célú altruista motivációk mellett megjelennek a karrierépítő motivációk is (például munkatapasztalat és új ismeretek szerzése, szakmai fejlődés, kapcsolatépítés, életrajzi megjelenítés). Dolgozatunkban a karrierépítő motivációk erősségére ható tényezőket vizsgáljuk lineáris regressziós módszerrel, illetve logisztikus regresszióval elemezzük, hogy mi hat arra, hogy az önkéntesség kapcsolódott-e a tanulmányok jellegéhez egy öt közép- és kelet-európai országot átfogó kérdőíves kutatás (N = 2199) adatai alapján. Hipotéziseinket a szakirodalomra építve fogalmazzuk meg. Eredményeink szerint a karrierépítő célokat erősíti, ha valaki nő, ha külső, nem egyetemi barátokkal szorosabb kapcsolatban van, ha Magyarországon kívüli országban tanul, illetve ha valaki nem műszaki, informatikai, természettudományos pályára készül. A tanulmányok jellegéhez való kapcsolódás pedig gyakoribb, ha valakinek a családja rosszabb anyagi helyzetű, ha az oktatókkal szorosabb a kapcsolata, akik Romániában tanulnak, illetve pedagógia szakosok.

In this study, using a database of higher education student surveys, we analyse the motivations behind paid work through cluster analysis and reveal which variables influence them. We hypothesise that working while studying is also an investment in human capital. We research to what extent students are motivated to work alongside their studies by the possibility of acquiring work experience and future financial return. Furthermore, we examine whether Bourdieuan capital conversion is characteristic of students. We found that acquiring work experience was a more important motive behind paid work than acquiring cultural and social capital and the possibility of capital conversion. We also found that students from disadvantaged backgrounds are primarily motivated to seek employment by the prospect of short-term income. It is a significant finding that even if the students’ jobs are not related to their studies, they still have the goal of gaining professional experience and increasing their capital, which implies that they consider many of these jobs to be an investment in human capital (even if it does not yield a return in the future; see the theoretical section). According to our policy recommendation, higher education institutions should offer students more study-related employment opportunities in the examined Central European region, while employers should also attribute a greater value to the professional experience acquired alongside higher education studies.

In the literature on higher education, civic involvement is discussed in connection with civic education or as a protective factor against attrition. In a series of surveys, we have followed higher education students' volunteering at several higher education institutions of Central and Eastern Europe since 2005. Based on Wilson (2000), we distinguish between formal volunteering and volunteer work which does not require organizational membership. Among young people, volunteer work is rather a program-centered, personally motivated, and individual activity (Inglehart 2003). In this study, however, we also examine students' voluntary group membership, which could provide a potential framework for volunteer work. Through a stepwise linear regression model, we analyze the effect of volunteering and voluntary group membership on students' higher education persistence. The analysis is carried out on data from the PERSIST 2019 survey (N = 2199). We find that persistent academic progress is more common among women, individually well-off students from objectively less affluent families, those who pray regularly, those who have a close relationship with their parents, professors, and peers, and those have done volunteer work during their higher education studies.

The purpose of this paper is to establish what sociodemographic and institutional factors cause students to drop out, become uncertain about their intentions to obtain a degree, or confidently advance towards the fulfilment of their ambitions. Our analysis is based on the combined databases of large-sample questionnaire surveys carried out among former students who dropped out from higher education institutions in an eastern region of Hungary as well as those carried out among current students. In addition to bivariate methods, we conduct multinomial logistic regression analysis to explore how students’ gender, social background, the funding of their training, willingness to do paid work alongside their studies, and relationships with academic staff and fellow students affect the chance of dropout, the risk of dropout, and persistence. In contrast to previous studies, which have mostly identified those at risk of dropping out of higher education and have primarily focused on the deficiencies of institutional integration, our novel results show that the actual dropout rate is at least as influenced by students’ unfavourable social background as it is by institutional factors.

The impact of a family’s socio-economic status on parenting activities has been a thoroughly researched topic. Parental involvement, which refers to parenting that supports school achievement, may be home-based and school-based, as typified by Epstein and Sanders. Earlier findings suggest that a more favorable socioeconomic status results in more active and effective parental involvement. Only a few studies show low-status parents can be more effective, whereby some factor compensates for the negative impact of low status. Our hypothesis is that parents’ self-identified religiosity can reduce the disadvantages arising from the family’s unfavorable socio-economic status. We use data from a survey conducted in 2020 among the parents of fourth-grade Hungarian primary school children, which is geographically and socially representative with a sample size of 1156. Our results show that religiosity has a significant positive influence on parenting activities and their perceived effectiveness, even after controlling for other variables. In addition, our indicator of home-based parental attention in itself is also strongly supportive of parents’ perceived effectiveness in parenting. Our findings suggest that parental religiosity and home-based parental attention are important factors that can make parenting effective despite social and cultural disadvantages.

Based on several studies, after exiting higher education there are serious gender differences in the labor market, and disadvantages of people with worse social background also exist. Research question of this study is whether such inequalities in students’ persistence also exist, or not. Based on a survey (n = 2199) conducted in a region of Central and Eastern Europe, we use cluster analysis to characterize resilient students (with unfavorable social backgrounds and good performances), and carry out stepwise linear regression to reveal the effects on students’ persistence. We found that persistence is not the highest among resilient students, as presumed. They still cannot break through the glass ceiling set by students from better social backgrounds in relation to persistence. In accordance with the previous research results, however, females’ higher persistence can still be shown, despite their less favorable social background.

Copyright of Metszetek is the property of University of Debrecen and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Iskolakultúra is the property of University of Szeged, Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The interpretation of the phenomenon of student dropout, which represents a waste of a relatively large proportion of human and material capital in the social, individual and institutional domain, is impossible without examining dropout students. In this study, we analysed the DEPART 2018 database, which contains data from 605 Hungarian dropout students. We tried to identify higher education dropout scenarios and pointed out that higher educational dropout is a complex phenomenon. Based on the students' reports on their interpretation and evaluation of their dropouts, four student clusters were created. We compared the groups with their socio-cultural background and their decision to drop out from higher education, and their assessment of that decision. The most important result of the study is that it identifies a new group in addition to the international dropout types, and provides a detailed picture that calls our attention to the diversity of dropout groups, thereby moving beyond the over-generalised image of the dropout student.

Kutatási kérdésünk, hogy az önkéntesség és a civil szervezeti beágyazottság jelent-e védelmet a lemorzsolódás ellen vagy inkább elvon a hatékony tanulástól és hátráltatja a tanulás melletti elkötelezettséget a felsőoktatási hallgatók körében. A civil aktivitás lemorzsolódást akadályozó vagy elősegítő voltát kvantitatív, többváltozós módszerrel vizsgáljuk, és kutatási kérdésünk, hogy van-e tiszta hatása a civil aktivitásnak egyéb társadalmi és demográfiai változók hatásának kiszűrése után is a lemorzsolódási esélyekre. Eredményeink szerint a civil aktivitás sem nem véd, sem nem segíti a lemorzsolódást a vizsgált hallgatók körében. Bár a civil aktivitást számos tényező befolyásolja, a lemorzsolódás ellen pedig elsősorban a szülőkkel való jó kapcsolat véd, azonban az, hogy a civil aktivitás nem von el a tanulástól és a bennmaradás esélyét nem akadályozza, azt is jelenti, hogy elő kell segíteni a hallgatók nagyobb civil aktivitását annak számos más pozitív hatása miatt.

Copyright of Iskolakultúra is the property of University of Szeged, Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Metszetek is the property of University of Debrecen and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In our paper, we intend to examine the micro-level factors affecting the volunteering of higher education students. Althoughseveral theories and research studies approach this phenomenon, a relatively small amount of studies examines the volunteeringof higher education students. Based on the literature, the young generation today participates in new types of volunteering, inwhich their motivation is not dominantly altruistic. These results call our attention to the necessity for new measurements andindicators of volunteering. The new approach in our research is that we differentiated between the voluntary work of studentsand the voluntary extracurricular activities of students. Among micro-level factors affecting volunteering, we examine the effectsof demographic variables and the students’ social background. However, based on the literature, we suppose that the effect ofreligiosity and values (which are related to the motivations of volunteering of students as well) are more pronounced. Regressionmodels are used to examine these effects both on voluntary work and on extracurricular activities of students. Our databases areregional (first, we examine the voluntary activities of students at the University of Debrecen, then the extracurricular activities ofstudents in the so-called Partium region), but our goal is to show general tendencies of volunteering of higher education students,taking into account the possible regional differences as well.

Although women have reached the state of equality in education, horizontal and vertical segregation still put them in a disadvantageous situation. According to horizontal segregation, women study at distinct areas which the labor market does not appreciate considerably, and according to vertical segregation, their presence on the highest levels of education (phd training, university staff and researcher position) is lower, which is also the source of lower incomes. This study uses the data of the “Regional University” research in order to examine the various aspects of gender horizontal and vertical segregation in higher education. In addition, we will examine the social background of males and females at “feminine” and “masculine” faculties, and at university and college faculties.

In this paper, we examine the attitudes towards gender roles among higher education students in a borderland Central-Eastern European region. We used the database of ‘The Impact of Tertiary Education on Regional Development’ project (N=602, 2010). We intend to determine what kind of attitudes towards gender roles the students identify themselves with, what affects these attitudes (gender, faculty type, social background of students, locality type, religiosity), and finally what kind of educational policy implications could be relevant concerning our findings. We have used cluster analysis and a logistic regression model, and formulated several hypotheses that were controlled by these methods. Our results show that there are a large number of students who belong to the more traditional attitude cluster in this region, but women more frequently identify themselves with modern gender roles than men do. The faculty-type effect has only been partly detected. We have found that with ‘male-dominated’ majors, both women and men identify themselves with more traditional attitudes and that with ‘female-dominated’ majors all students have more modern attitudes. The effect of social background is contradictory. Those whose parents had larger numbers of books had increased modern attitudes, but the factor ‘regular financial problems in the family’ also increased it. Our next result is that students who live in villages are not more traditional than others, because they live in cities during their studies. Our final result is that churchly religious students think more traditionally regarding gender roles than others do, but those who are religious in their own way do not.

Copyright of Szociológiai Szemle is the property of Hungarian Sociological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)