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Background: In this study, we aimed to assess the cognitive determinants of weight control behaviors by dietary patterns among postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Methods: This cross-sectional study, based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) was conducted from July to December 2017 among 240 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis in Tabriz, Iran. A validated and reliable TPB-based instrument, namely Weight-CuRB, and the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) were used. Results: The results of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) indicated three dietary patterns (total variance explained = 24.44%); healthy (n = 71), mixed (n = 78), and western (n = 91). In addition, food items consumed by participants were classified into twenty-two food groups for dietary pattern analysis. In the healthy and western dietary patterns, attitude (β: 0.140, P < 0.001) and subjective norms (SNs) (β: 0.498, P < 0.01) were the only predictors of weight control behavior, respectively. In the women with healthy and western patterns, the TPB-based variables altogether explained 11% and 16% of variations in the behavior, respectively. Among all patients, the TPBbased variables explained 12.2% of variations in weight control behavior, within which SNs were the only significant predictor of the behavior (β = -0.199, P < 0.01). Conclusion: Our findings highlighted the remarkable role of dietary patterns in the associations between weight control and its cognitive determinants. Dietary patterns should be considered while designing weight control educational interventions among women with osteoporosis. In such interventions, promoting SNs and perceived behavioral control (PBC) should be considered as the core strategies to promote the behaviors among the patients who follow an unhealthy diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between cognitive factors, weight control behavior, bone mineral density (BMD), and the risk of bone fracture by the dietary pattern among Iranian postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study (2017), 240 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis referring to two densitometry clinics in Tabriz (Iran) were recruited to participate in the study using a convenience sampling technique. Then, nutrition survey, BMD, the risk of bone fracture, weight control behavior, and a framework-based weight control behavior questionnaire (Weight-CuRB) were applied to collect data. Results: Using factor analysis, three distinct dietary patterns were identified, including healthy, mixed, and western patterns, which accounted for 24.24% of the total variance in food intake. After adjustment for cognitive and socio-demographic variables, patients with a western dietary pattern and no control on weight showed the increased risk of major osteoporotic (odds ratio [OR]: 4.82, CI: 2.02-11.45, P = 0.000) and hip (OR: 3.13, CI: 1.36-7.19, P = 0.007) fractures (P<0.001). In addition, in the subjects with western dietary pattern and no control over their weight, results showed an increased risk of low BMD (OR: 0.451, CI: 0.199-1.042, P = 0.044). Conclusions: In general, the increased intake of fruits, nuts, the vegetable oil in a healthy dietary pattern, and adoption of appropriate weight control behaviors may reduce the risk of bone fracture in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Accordingly, health practitioners and healthcare providers should consider weight control in their risk assessment of bone fracture in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our aim was to develop a framework-based weight control behavior questionnaire (Weight-CuRB) and test its psychometric properties among a non-probability sample of 240 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Appropriate validity, simplicity, functionality and reliability were observed for the Weight-CuRB. The explanatory model fits the data well (χ2 [139] = 245.835, p <.001, CFI = 0.950, NFI = 0.901, IFI = 0.950, RMSEA = 0.057[(0.045–0.068]). To our knowledge, this was the first study to develop and validate a framework-based instrument aiming at cognitive needs assessment of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. The weight-CuRB may be useful in addressing the core cognitive determinants of weight control among the patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the possible impact of hydroalcoholic extracts of cloves (Syzygium aromaticum) on glucose status, lipid profile, and histopathological changes in the kidneys of diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two rats (male) were distributed into 4 groups (n=8), including one group as healthy control and three diabetic groups. Streptozotocin was used for inducing diabetes (50 mg/kg). Diabetic rats were grouped into a control group (DC), diabetic treated with 4 mg/kg hydroalcoholic extract of S. aromaticum (DSA), and the DG group receiving 5 mg/kg glibenclamide. After the treatment period, the blood samples of the rats were frozen in -70°C for measuring glycemic indices, insulin, lipid profile, some oxidative stress markers, and enzymes with antioxidant properties. Finally, the kidney was removed for the histological study. Results: Control, DSA, and DG groups had significantly lower levels of fasting blood sugar compared to the DC group (P<0.05) while the levels of insulin were significantly lower in the DC, DSA, and DG groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). The serum levels of urea and creatinine statistically reduced in all groups other than the DC group (P<0.05). Conversely, the levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and significantly increased in the DSA and DG as compared to the DC group although the serum levels of malondialdehyde statistically decreased in the therapeutic groups. S. aromaticum showed antioxidant properties and protected the kidneys of the experimented rats from renal damages, resulting from diabetes. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that S. aromaticum may have beneficial effects in diabetes through improving glycemic control and lipid profile and preventing diabetes-induced kidney damages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural health workers play a detrimental role in implementing rural osteoporosis prevention programs. To successfully implement such programs, addressing their gender-based cognitive needs seems to be necessary. Our aim in the present study was to investigate gender-based differences in determinants of educating rural communities on osteoporosis prevention among Iranian rural health workers (RHWs) applying the health belief model (HBM). In this cross-sectional study, conducted in 2017, 280 RHWs were recruited to participate in the study, through random sampling. An HBM-based researcher-made questionnaire was developed to collect data. Face, content, construct and convergent validity and reliability of the scales were approved. After splitting data by gender, hierarchical linear regression was used to investigate the predictors of RHWs' performance on osteoporosis prevention education programs (OPEPs). In Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), the measurement model was found to be with a good fit to the data in the assumed model (χ2 [466] = 999.466, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.921, NFI = 0.821, TLI = 0.913, RMSEA = 0.048[0.043–0.054]). Among male RHWs, perceived barriers (p < 0.01), knowledge (p < 0.05) and the mean distance of health house from the marginal villages (p < 0.05) were significant predictors of the RHWs' performance on OPEPs (cumulative adjusted R2 = 0.790). Among female RHWs, perceived barriers (p < 0.01), self-efficacy (p < 0.05) and cues to action (p < 0.05) were significant predictors of the outcome variable (cumulative adjusted R2 = 0.404). The findings of the present study are informative for the development of targeted interventions aimed at fostering RHWs' performance on OPEPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]