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These days, nanofibers are used in the medical sector, such as drug delivery and wound dressing structures, because of their excellent characteristics, high permeability, and important surface area. Natural and synthetic polymers may be electrospun in the form of a blend. Besides, the antibiotics such as linezolid, enrofloxacin, and vancomycin are used in wound dressing due to their antibacterial properties. In this research, the blend nanofibrous structures made of PCL and gelatin (Gel) with a 25:75 ratio were produced for wound dressing applications. Clindamycin HCL as a drug was added to Gel and PCL polymeric solutions. Surface morphology, functional groups, and hydrophilicity of nanofibers were examined using SEM, FT-IR spectroscopy, and contact angle measurement, respectively. In addition, the antibacterial properties of nanofibers were evaluated quantitatively. The drug release mechanism of samples was investigated which the best-fitted model was recognized Korsmeyer-Peppas model. SEM images of scaffolds demonstrated uniform and bead-free morphology that, with incorporating the 6% of the drug, the diameters of mats were decreased from 398 nm to 303 nm. Moreover, the samples showed proper hydrophilicity and antibacterial properties against a gram-positive (89%) and a gram-negative (98%) bacterium. Finally, the nanofibers are capable of releasing the clindamycin gradually for 6 days.

In the present study a double layer mucoadhesive buccal film containing nanocarriers encapsulated with neem extract was fabricated through electrospinning and solvent casting techniques for dental therapeutic applications. The morphological, physical and mucoadhesive properties of the resulting electrospun and solvent cast oral films were mutually compared, and their drug release behavior and antibacterial activity were further investigated. Chitosan/poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) as a mucoadhesive component and phenylalanine amino acid nanotubes (PhNTs)-containing neem extract as a drug nanocarrier were used to fabricate oral films. A poly(caprolactone) (PCL) layer was used as an impermeable backing layer to protect the mucoadhesive component from tongue movement and drug loss. The results indicated an interconnected porous and fully filled solid structures for electrospun and solvent cast films, respectively. The physicomechanical parameters of the samples such as pH, weight, thickness, folding endurance and tensile strength were also evaluated. The crosslinked electrospun buccal film indicated better swelling and mucoadhesive properties compared to the solvent cast film. In addition, the drug loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency of the solvent cast film showed lower experimental values than those of electrospun oral film. On the other hand, the electrospun oral film had a well-controlled release of neem extract up to 82% at oral pH, which is best fitted to the Weibull model, and demonstrated the highest antibacterial properties against S. mutans bacteria with high biocompatibility on L929 fibroblast cells. Generally, the synthesized electrospun mucoadhesive film has a better potential for oral therapeutic applications than the solvent cast film.

Mucoadhesive buccal patch is a promising dosage form for a successful oral drug delivery, which provides unique advantages for various applications such as treatment of periodontal disease and postdental surgery disorders. The aim of this study is to synthesize a novel multifunctional mucoadhesive buccal patch in a multilayer reservoir design for therapeutic applications. The patches were fabricated through simultaneous electrospinning of chitosan/poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA)/ibuprofen and electrospraying of phenylalanine amino acid nanotubes (PhNTs) containing metronidazole into the electrospun mats through a layer-by-layer process. An electrospun poly(caprolactone) (PCL) was used as an impermeable backing layer to protect the mucoadhesive component from tongue movement and drug loss. Buccal patches were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and also evaluated in terms of physicomechanical parameters such as pH, weight, thickness, tensile strength, folding endurance, and mucoadhesive properties. The swelling index of the patches was examined with respect to the PVA/chitosan ratio. The effect of genipin addition to the electrospinning solution was also studied on mucoadhesive and swelling properties. The cell viability of buccal patches was assessed by methylthiazolydiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide test on L929 fibroblast cell line. The patch with an optimal amount of mucoadhesive polymers (PVA/chitosan 80:20) and crosslinking agent (0.05 g) indicated an ideal hemostatic activity along with antibacterial properties against Streptococcus mutans bacteria. The synthesized multifunctional mucoadhesive patch with a novel composition and design has a great potential for oral therapeutic applications.

Lignocellulose is the main component of plants that has gained considerable attention in biomedical applications due to exceptional biological properties, such as antioxidant activity, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. In this work, nanoparticles were produced from walnut shells (WS) via physical milling followed by a chemical treatment. FTIR, DLS, SEM, XRD, and TGA results confirmed their lignocellulosic chemical composition and dimensions of 560 nm with a 28% crystalline phase. WS nanoparticles were then co-electrospun with polycaprolactone (PCL) and gelatin. Morphological investigations showed that WS nanoparticles increase the average diameter of PCL and Gel nanofibers from 250 and 300 nm to around 600 and 550 nm, respectively. Interestingly, the moduli of coaxially electrospun PCL-Gel membranes increased from 11.9 to 16.6 MPa, while their thermal stability decreased from 345 to 285 °C. PCL-Gel nanofibers loaded with 2% WS particles were considered as the optimal sample because of their excellent mechanical properties. The scaffolds made from these fibers showed excellent viability, growth, and proliferation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs).

In this study, bulk and non-bulk electrospun scaffolds from polycaprolactone (PCL) containing graphene oxide (GO) were fabricated. Graphene oxide with 0.3, 0.5, and 1 wt% was added to different concentrations of PCL solutions under sonication. The blends were electrospun under varied conditions of 10–20 kV applied voltages, a distance of 10 to 20 cm, and a 0.5 ml/hr flow rate. The web of PCL(10 %)-GO(0.5 %) was selected as an optimum one via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, which exhibited uniform morphology with a 257±18 nm average diameter. The fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results showed that the specified peaks of both PCL and GO in the blends. Mechanical investigation exhibited higher strength of the PCL-GO web (about 4.3 MPa) compare to the PCL web. The porosity of the webs was measured by densitometry, which showed an increase in porosity from 80 % to 92 % after the bulking process (ultra-sonication, followed by freeze-drying). The MTT assay was employed using human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) on the scaffolds. Results indicated that the cell viability of bulk and non-bulk PCL-GO scaffolds were about 98 % and 99.8 %, respectively. In vivo study was carried out on defected cartilage knees of fourteen New Zealand rabbits. For monitoring the cartilage repair, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as well as pathological investigations were performed after surgery. The results of MRI and H&E staining showed high qualified healing of defects, which were exposed to bulk nanofibrous scaffold. Therefore, bulk PCL-GO electrospun scaffolds can be introduced as a suitable scaffolds for cartilage regeneration.

Coconut oil (CO) is a naturally derived bio-oil which exhibits specific characteristics such as biocompatibility and antibacterial activity. In this work, the biological properties of poly(caprolactone)/gelatin (PCL/Gel) nanofibers are improved using CO encapsulation. This bio-oil was added to the PCL/Gel polymer solution with different concentrations (5–40%). Nanofibers were crosslinked using glutaraldehyde vapor. Different types of characterization techniques such as SEM, FTIR, DSC, tensile measurements, water contact angle, and water vapor permeability were used to study the chemical, physical, thermal, and morphological properties of resultant nanofibers. Results showed an average diameter of 300–370 nm for as-spun nanofibers, which increased to 360–470 nm after the crosslinking reaction. The presence of CO was confirmed using FTIR and DSC experiments. Moreover, results indicated that the presence of CO increases the hydrophilicity and water vapor permeability of nanofibers, which are desirable for their final application. Biological tests, such as antibacterial activity, cell viability, and cell morphology tests were performed to evaluate the possible application of the produced nanofibers for wound healing applications. Results indicated that the crosslinked PCL/Gel nanofibers containing 20% CO exhibited the highest cell compatibility and antibacterial activity against gram-positive (S. aureus) and gram-negative ( E. coli) bacteria.

Polypropylene (PP) meshes are the most widely used as hernioplasty prostheses. As far as hernia repair is concerned, bacterial contamination and tissue adhesion would be the clinical issues. Moreover, an optimal mesh should assist the healing process of hernia defect and avoid undesired prosthesis displacements. In this present study, the commercial hernia mesh was modified to solve the mentioned problems. Accordingly, a new bi-functional PP mesh with anti-adhesion and antibacterial properties on the front and adhesion properties (reduce undesired displacements) on the backside was prepared. The backside of PP mesh was coated with polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers modified by mussel-inspired L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) bioadhesive. The front side was composed of two different nanofibrous mats, including hybrid and two-layered mats with different antibacterial properties, drug release, and biodegradation behavior, which were based on PCL nanofibers and biomacromolecule carboxyethyl-chitosan (CECS)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers containing different ofloxacin amounts. The anti-adhesion, antibacterial, and biocompatibility studies were done through in-vitro experiments. The results revealed that DOPA coated PCL/PP/hybrid meshes containing ofloxacin below 20 wt% possessed proper cell viability, AdMSCs adhesion prevention, and excellent antibacterial efficiency. Moreover, DOPA modifications not only enhanced the surface properties of the PP mesh but also improved cell adhesion, spreading, and proliferation.

In the present study, sodium alginate (SA):polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) blends with different concentrations of cardamom extract (CE) were electrospun. The SEM images show that the optimum content of CE ...

Nanofiber scaffolds have been used widely for wound healing applications. These scaffolds are commonly produced from different biopolymers, but usually a combination of synthetic and natural biopolymers is preferred because they exhibit both physio-mechanical stability and an improved environment for cell growth. In this article, polycaprolactone–gelatin (PCL–gel) hybrid nanofibers were produced by two nozzle electrospinning. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were synthesized and incorporated into the gel and PCL nanofibers to improve their properties. SEM images of nanofibers showed two diameter distributions with diameter averages of 140 nm and 215 nm, corresponding to gel and PCL, respectively. Although XRD patterns showed a decrease in crystallinity, the crystal sizes increased from 16.1 and 11.1 to 19.4 and 12.4 nm respectively for the (110) and (200) crystalline planes when CNC was present in the nanofibers. Mechanical studies revealed an 80% and 60% increase in modulus and tensile strength, respectively, when CNC was incorporated. In vitro studies showed that the CNC-incorporated scaffold degraded 25% more rapidly. However, the MTT assay, cell morphology, and fluorescence staining experiments showed that CNC did not affect nanofiber biocompatibility, and cells could grow, differentiate and cover the scaffold surface. Scaffolds with and without CNC both promoted robust wound healing in Balb/c mice.

In this paper, the experimental design methodology was employed for modeling and optimizing the operational parameters of the photocatalytic degradation of a binary dye solution using a fixed photocatalytic compound. The compound used was modified graphite electrode (GE) with graphene oxide (GO) on which TiO2 nanoparticles were immobilized. GO nanoparticle was deposited on graphite electrode (GO-GE) using electrochemical approach. TiO2 nanoparticles were immobilized on GO-GE by solvent evaporation method. A binary solution containing mixture of methylene blue (MB) and acid red 14 (AR14) was chosen as dye model. The degradation intermediates were detected and analyzed using gas chromatography. Effect of different factors on the photocatalytic decolorization efficiency was investigated and optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The obtained results indicated that the prepared TiO2-GO-CE can decolorize MB with high efficiency (93.43%) at pH 11, dye concentration of 10 mg/L and 0.04 g of immobilized TiO2 on the GO fabricated plates after 120 min of photocatalytic process. It was demonstrated that by modifying GE with GO the stability of the electrode was remarkably enhanced. The ANOVA results (R2 = 0.97 and P value

Obtaining a sustainable drug delivery system is a challenging issue in biomedical science. This became even more important in the wound regeneration process due to its long treatment process. In this study, the calcium alginate (CaAlg) hydrogel is coated on the surface of polycaprolactone (PCL)/gelatin (Gel) nanofibers containing coconut oil (CO) using the impregnation method. The physical, chemical, and morphological properties of produced samples are investigated using different characterization techniques to verify the influence of hydrogel. Water contact angle, swelling ratio, and water vapor permeability measurements are used to evaluate the effect of hydrogel on the hydrophilicity of the proposed system. The cell viability test showed that the nanocomposite hydrogel is biocompatible and could improve wound healing. According to drug release studies, hydrogel addition to the nanofiber system plays an essential role in controlling CO release rate in the first 250 h. In vivo studies also indicated faster skin regeneration.

Electrospinning of glass nanofibers, as one of the most important techniques for producing nanofibers, was the focus of the present research. This process was done using a carrying polymer in order...

In this study, magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) was used as an adsorbent for an effective removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution. Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were synthesized using improved hummer method and magnetized electrochemically using iron electrodes by applying different currents (0.2 to 0.5 A) for different duration. The synthesized MGO was characterized using FTIR, XRD, FESEM, EDS, and BET analysis. It was confirmed that Fe3O4 nanoparticles were successfully incorporated into the structure of GO. MGO was evaluated for the adsorption of MB from simulated colored wastewater by studying the effect of electrochemical synthesis conditions (time and current), adsorbent dosage, pH of the solution, initial MB concentration and the presence of salt in wastewater. The results indicated that 0.16 g/L of MGO synthesized by applying 0.4 A for 10 min can remove 93% of MB (10 mg/L) from alkali solution through monolayer adsorption following Langmuir isotherm with the maximum adsorption capacity of 78.13 mg/g. This study introduces MGO as a recyclable and reusable adsorbent with the removal efficiency above 90% that can be potentially used in wastewater treatment.

Ofloxacin (OFL) is an antibiotic with a wide range of bacterial infections but its low water solubility and photo stability restricts its applications, so improve its solubility and stability is a ...

Polycaprolactone (PCL) was modified with second-generation poly(amidoamine) dendrimer (PAMAM-G2) in electrospinning solution through aminolysis of PCL ester bonds. Two factors affected the modifica...

The adsorption of nanoparticle (NP)-based adsorbents especially those made of polymers to remove dyes as toxic substances from pollutants is yet remained as a critical issue. The objective of this work was to prepare microfluidic (MF) fabrication of NPs based on ethyl acrylate (EA)-functionalized chitosan (CS) for methylene blue (MB) dye removal from aqueous solutions. For this purpose, a series of experiments such as FTIR, SEM alongside DLS, and UV–vis spectrophotometry were carried out to investigate the physicochemical properties of the samples. The FTIR spectra showed that the amine (–NH2) and hydroxyl (–OH) groups on CS structure were replaced with EA, appropriately. The SEM and DLS results depicted that EA-functionalized CS NPs fabricated using MF technique had uniform shapes, and the diameters as small as 70 nm compared to those samples produced via bulk mixing (BM) method (~ 300 nm). Moreover, the surface charge of MF-assisted CS NPs after functionalization exhibited the lower zeta potential value (~ + 11) than that of samples based on BM (~ + 14) due to occurring the laminar flow through the micro-channels embedded in the MF chip, leading to an increase in the MB adsorption. Subsequently, at the optimized amounts of the dye concentration (89.12 mg L−1), the adsorbent concentration (1.38 g L−1), and pH (10.58) by means of Box-Behnken design (BBD) method, the maximum percentage of MB removal by the use of MF-fabricated EA-functionalized CS NPs was 98.4%. By fitting the obtained adsorption data to the isotherm models such as Lagmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin, it has been found that the adsorption mechanism followed the Langmuir model (maximum capacity of the adsorption 384.61 mg/g), which assumed a monolayer coverage of MB molecules as adsorbates over a homogeneous adsorbent surface.

Loss of skin integrity can lead to serious problems and even death. In this study, for the first time, the effect of exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by cold-adapted yeast R. mucilaginosa sp. GUMS16 on a full-thickness wound in rats was evaluated. The GUMS16 strain’s EPS was precipitated by adding cold ethanol and then lyophilized. Afterward, the EPS with polycaprolactone (PCL) and gelatin was fabricated into nanofibers with two single-needle and double-needle procedures. The rats’ full-thickness wounds were treated with nanofibers and Hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp, E) and Masson’s Trichrome staining was done for studying the wound healing in rats. Obtained results from SEM, DLS, FTIR, and TGA showed that EPS has a carbohydrate chemical structure with an average diameter of 40 nm. Cell viability assessments showed that the 2% EPS loaded sample exhibits the highest cell activity. Moreover, in vivo implantation of nanofiber webs on the full-thickness wound on rat models displayed a faster healing rate when EPS was loaded into a nanofiber. These results suggest that the produced EPS can be used for skin tissue engineering applications.

Mechanical properties of tissue engineering nanofibrous scaffolds are of importance because they not only determine their ease of application, but also influence the environment for cell growth and proliferation. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are natural renewable nanoparticles that have been widely used for manipulating nanofibers' mechanical properties. In this article, cellulose nanoparticles were incorporated into poly(caprolactone) (PCL) solution, and composite nanofibers were produced. Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (OFW) methodology and X-ray diffraction were used to investigate the effect of CNC incorporation on PCL crystalline structure and its biological properties. Results showed that CNC incorporation up to 1% increases the crystallization activation energy and reduces the crystal volume, while these factors remain constant above this critical concentration. MTT assay and microscopic images of seeded cells on the nanofiber scaffolds indicated increased cell growth on the samples containing CNC. This behavior could be attributed to their greater hydrophilicity, which was confirmed using parallel exponential kinetics (PEK) model fitting to results obtained from dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) studies. Superior performance of CNC containing samples was also confirmed by in vivo implantation on full-thickness wounds. The wound area faded away more rapidly in these samples. H&E and Masson's trichrome staining showed better regeneration and more developed tissues in wounds treated with PCL-CNC1% nanofibers.

This study develops chitosan/gelatin nanofiber membranes with sustained release capacity to prevent infection by delivering cinnamon extract (CE) in the implanted site. The effects of the incorporation of CE content (2–6%) on the properties of the nanofibers were evaluated. Morphological studies using SEM indicated that loading the extract did not affect the average diameter of nanofiber mats, which remained around 140–170 nm. TGA and FTIR spectroscopy results confirmed successful CE loading. Furthermore, the results showed that incorporating extract into the nanofibers enhanced their degradation behavior, antibacterial activity, and biocompatibility. Cultured cells attached to and proliferate on the nanofiber membrane with high cell viability capacity until the CE content reached 4%. The extract release profile consisted of a burst release in the first 6 h, followed by a controlled release in the next 138 h. Therefore, CE loaded chitosan/gelatin nanofiber is an excellent construct for biomedical applications.

Ofloxacin is an antibiotic with a wide range of activity against bacterial infections, but due to the high potential for toxicity when exposed to light, resolving this problem and further stabilizing the drug are among the posed challenges. Inclusion complex formation between α-cyclodextrin (α-CD), ofloxacin (OFL) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) was prepared via two methods to produce nanocontainers with desirable stability. The effect of PEG as compatible solubilizing agent and mixing condition (in ultrasonic bath) were investigated in formation of an inclusion complex between α-CD/OFL. Obtained complexes were examined by FTIR, H-NMR, SEM, EDX and UV which indicated the formation of an inclusion complex between α-CD/OFL, in turn, is a mixture of the cage and channel structures. Differences between 1H-NMR, FTIR and XRD spectra of OFL, CDs and inclusion complex indicated the formation of α-CD/OFL and supramolecular containers in solid phase. These inclusion complexes loaded in PVA-based nanofibers for smart nanofibers with controlled release manner and higher stability of OFL. Obtained nanofiber showed that nanofibers containing CDs/OFL under sonic energy containing higher degree of OFL.

International audience; A novel and ideal immunosensor platform with customized tailored chemistry is suggested by combining the characteristics of nanofibers (NFs) and dendrimers. Polystyrene (PS) NFs were doped with polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendritic polymer and utilized for covalent immobilization of FITC-labeled anti-human TNF-alpha antibodies by activation of the amine groups of dendrimer on the surface of NFs using a glutaraldehyde (GA) coupling agent. SEM, ATR-FTIR, contact angle, EDX, XPS, TGA, and fluorescence microscopy were performed. The findings demonstrated that (1) PS-PAMAM NFs were produced with significantly smaller diameters (295 +/- 94 nm), more uniform morphology, and more hydrophilic (44 +/- 5.5 degrees) with dendrimer amine groups on the surface that can provide a better path for antibodies to be immobilized compared to pure PS NFs, (2) the PAMAM was distributed evenly throughout the NFs, (3) GA was uniformly applied to the surface of NFs via covalent bonding, (4) the PAMAM played a critical role in substantially increasing antibody immobilization at the surface of each NFs without causing agglomeration. According to the findings, the P5-PAMAM electrospun mat is suitable for immobilizing biomolecules and may be utilized as a support to boost immunosensor sensitivity.

The application of tungsten oxide nanofibers for gasochromic hydrogen sensing is reported. Three tungsten oxide nanofibrous webs were fabricated by electrospinning proxopolyltungestic acid incorporated in polyvinylpyrrolidone. The samples were then calcinated to remove Polyvinylpyrrolidone to obtain tungsten oxide nanofibers. The tungsten oxide nanofiber samples had a grain form with an average fiber diameter of 103 nm, 181 nm and 293 nm. The tungsten oxide nanofibrous webs showed a very good sensitivity to concentartions of hydrogen (in argon) as low as 2% at room temperature. This is very important as the electrical hydrogen gas sensors need high temperatures to sense hydrogen. Upon contacting hydrogen, the almost colorless nanofibers turn into blue in less than 2 min. Cyclic hydrogen – oxygen exposure showed that the samples could be reused after two cycles. XRD, Raman and FTIR analysis showed a monoclinic crystalline structure for tungsten oxide (WO3). After exposure to hydrogen which resulted in the formation of tungsten oxide bronze (H0.23WO3), the original monoclinic structure changed to tetragonal. After the removal of hydrogen and exposure to air, the samples gain back the monoclinic structure. XPS analysis revealed that the presence of a low amount of palladium chemical phase is sufficient for active sites of WO3 to continue sensing hydrogen gas.

In this study, a novel hydrothermal method followed by an ultrasonic-assisted electrochemical process was used to synthesize magnetic nanofibrous spheres of TiO2 to improve their separation and recovery from the treated wastewaters. To this end, titanate nanofibrous spheres (TNS) were first synthesized by the hydrothermal method, and they were magnetized (MTNS) by applying electric current through iron electrodes in an ultrasonic bath. The effect of calcination temperature and current intensities were investigated on the structure of the synthesized material. To characterize the MTNS, field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), the elemental composition measurement (EDS), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) were used. MTNS loading, pH of the solution and initial dye concentration were studied as main parameters in the removal of MB by photocatalytic and adsorption processes, which resulted in 96% and 78% of removal efficiencies in alkaline solution. The facile and complete separation of MTNS from the treated solutions made the synthesized material reusable for three consecutive photocatalytic cycles.

Body temperature control is one of the most interesting fields in the smart sportswear. Increasing the available hydrophilic sites on the fabric surface is one of the proposed methods for better thermal regulation. In this article, the cellulose fabric’s moisture absorbance capacity was increased by introducing carboxylate groups on the cellulosic fabric using microwave radiation. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the process conditions. Stoichiometric ratio, microwave power, and duration were taken as independent variables; moisture regain and softness were selected as dependent variables. Results show that modification with 1:1 stoichiometric ratio of the reactant to anhydroglucose unit using 1049 W power for 6 min is the optimum condition for obtaining cellulose fabric with highest hydrophilicity and softness. Water vapor permeability as well as static and dynamic contact angle show that the modified fabric is more hydrophilic and transfers vapor better than unmodified cellulose...

Poly (ɛ‐caprolactone)–chitosan–poly (vinyl alcohol) (PCL: Cs: PVA) nanofibrous blend scaffolds were known as useful materials for skin wound healing and would help the healing process about 50% faster at the final time point. From the previous studies by the authors, PCL: Cs: PVA (in 2: 1: 1.5 mass ratio) nanofibres showed high efficacy in healing on rat models. In this study, the scaffolds were examined in burn and excision wounds healing on dogs as bigger models. The scaffolds were applied on dorsum skin wounds (n = 5) then macroscopic and microscopic investigations were carried out to measure the wounds areas and to track healing rate, respectively. Macroscopic results showed good aspect healing effect of scaffolds compared with control wounds especially after 21 days post‐operating for both cutting and burn wounds. Pathological studies showed that the healing rates of the wounds covered with PCL: Cs: PVA nanofibrous scaffolds were much rapid compared to untreated wounds in control group. The immunogenicity of the scaffolds in canine model was also investigated. The findings showed that nanofibrous blend scaffolds was not immunogenic in humoural immune responses. All these results indicated that PCL: Cs: PVA nanofibrous web could be considered as promising materials for wounds healings.

Poor solubility and low dissolution rate of ibuprofen (IBU) in the aqueous gastro-intestinal fluids restrict its application, absorption, distribution, target organ delivery, and bioavailability. For improvement of aqueous solubility of IBU, supramolecular nanocontainers of IBU/cyclodextrin were prepared via formation of inclusion complex between ibuprofen and cyclodextrins (α-cyclodextrin and β-cyclodextrin) at various conditions (at room temperature at 25℃ and under sonic energy). The formation of inclusion complex between IBU and cyclodextrins can be confirmed by hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance, differential scanning calorimetry, fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy study. FTIR of pure IBU and cyclodextrins is similar to the obtained complex, which indicated intactness of drug in the complex. The encapsulation of IBU in cyclodextrins cavity improved its solubility, phase solubility, and in vitro dissolution and also controlled its release which ensures the long-term delivery. Electro-spun nanofibers of poly-ɛ-caprolactone containing IBU/cyclodextrins is a promising method for controlled drug delivery electro-spun which is bead-free without any aggregation on the surface.

Collagen as a biomaterial is commonly obtained from terrestrial animals. However, nowadays, the use of collagen with terrestrial animals' sources due to possible transmission of infectious diseases and religious beliefs is restricted. This study was conducted to evaluate the physicochemical characterization, morphology, and biocompatibility of extracted collagen from silver carp fish skin by-product. Type I collagen was extracted from the silver carp fish skin by-product using acetic acid and pepsin enzyme. The results showed that the extraction yield of ASC and PSC was 43% and 59% (on a dry weight basis), respectively. The presence of two different α-chains confirmed the type I collagen structure for both collagens. Moreover, FTIR spectra investigation demonstrated the triple helical in ASC and PSC collagens. The PSC showed higher imino acids content than ASC. Hence, the fractional viscosity and DSC curves revealed higher denaturation temperature (30 °C), shrinkage temperature (81 °C), and melting temperature (209 °C) for PSC than ASC (29 °C, 77 °C, and 187 °C, respectively). Finally, observations of the microscopic and the cell viability evaluation confirmed biocompatibility and suitable structure to cell growth. Accordingly, the obtained collagen from silver carp fish skin can be a proper alternative for terrestrial animals’ collagen and a safe biomaterial for biomedical use.

Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with poor solubility and low dissolution rate in the aqueous gastro-intestinal fluids, which limited its bioavailability. Supramolecular containers of ciprofloxacin/CDs were prepared by inclusion complex (IC) forming between ciprofloxacin and CDs (α-CD and β-CD) at various conditions (at room temperature and under sonic energy) were synthesized. The structure of supramolecular containers was characterized by 1H-NMR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and (FTIR) Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Differences between 1H-NMR, FTIR and XRD spectra of ciprofloxacin, CDs and inclusion complex indicated the formation of ciprofloxacin/α-CD and ciprofloxacin/β-CD supramolecular containers in solid phase. DSC thermographs showed that melting peak of ciprofloxacin did not disappear completely which indicated partial encapsulation of ciprofloxacin in CDs cavity. These inclusion complexes loaded in poly (e-caprolactone)-based nanofibers for ...

Ferro magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared through a facile and inexpensive electrochemical method. Characterization studies on the generated magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) was carried out using X-Ray diffraction pattern (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis. The synthesized material was used as a heterogeneous electro-Fenton catalyst in order to decolorize C.I. Acid Red 14 and C.I. Acid Blue 92 solutions. Graphite electrode Modified with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were used as cathode in both synthesis and electro-Fenton processes. The effect of operational factors like pH range, initial dye concentration, Fe3O4 loading, current intensity and electrolyte (NaCl) dosage on dye removal efficiency was investigated. Remarkable discoloration in wide range of pH illustrated the superior catalytic potential of MNPs. Furthermore, the recyclability of Fe3O4 NPs after magnetic separation, the prevention of their entrance into the environment as a secondary pollutant and the promoted electro generation of hydrogen peroxide at the surface of cathode due to the presence of CNTs are the additional advantages of this study.