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With the recent increase in global focus on green energy, the application of thermal infrared remote sensing data for the detection of geothermal anomalies has attracted wide attention as it can overcome the difficulty of using only ground surveying. This study aimed to highlight areas of geothermal anomalies with land surface temperature (LST) time series data in winter derived from thermal infrared remote sensing. To extract LST anomaly areas in the Ruili Basin for geothermal prospecting, nine types of data on the study area in winter during 2014 ~ 2021 from Landsat 8 were analyzed. Landsat 8 LST inversion data based on the mono-window algorithm (MWA) can be used to identify hot springs, volcanoes, and other heat-related phenomena. Superimposing LST anomalies for each cycle through drilling data, excluding the heat island effect, geothermal anomaly regions could be plotted. The results show that the accuracy of MWA LST varied within 2 K, which is acceptable for geothermal energy and higher than those of the radiative transfer equation (RTE) algorithm and MODIS LST products. Three high-LST regions in the southeast of the study area were identified as geothermal anomaly areas (A, B, and C), and region B was further verified through a comprehensive field investigation of geothermal wells, supplemented by the temperature gradient (TG) method. The findings reveal that the distribution of geothermal anomaly areas and high-LST areas are highly consistent with the northeast trending fault structure; faults act as thermal channels and help in accurately detecting local LST anomalies. Overall, the infrared remote sensing method proved to be a valid technique for detecting LST anomalies. Considering the synergy between thermal infrared surface detection and subsurface exploration methods, the identification of known geothermal fields (B) and other possible areas (A and C) has significance in the upscaling of local geologic information to regional prospecting, thus providing a direction for future geothermal research.

Gastrodia elata is an achlorophyllous and fully mycoheterotrophic orchid which obtains carbon and other nutrients from Armillaria species in its life cycle. Many researchers suggested that plant hormones, as signing molecules, play a central role in the plant-fungi interaction. In the process of Armillaria gallica 012 m cultivation, both exogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) distinctly stimulated the growth of mycelia in solid media. The differential expression genes (DEGs) of A. gallica 012 m with IAA versus blank control (BK) and IBA versus BK were investigated. The results showed that more than 80% of DEGs of the IAA group were coincident with the DEGs of the IBA group, and more than half of upregulated DEGs and most of the downregulated DEGs of the IAA group coincided with those DEGs of the IBA group. Above research implied that A. gallica 012 m could perceive IAA and IBA, and possess similar responses and signaling pathways to IAA and IBA. The overlapping differential genes of the IAA group and IBA group were analyzed by GO term, and the results showed that several DEGs identified were related to biological processes including positive regulation of the biological process and biological process. The downregulated NmrA-like and FKBP_C genes might be benefit to the growth of mycelia. Those results can explain that exiguous IAA and IBA improved the growth of A. gallica to some extent. We speculate that IAA and IBA are signaling molecules, and regulate the expression of growth-related genes of A. gallica 012 m by the same signaling pathway.

Purpose. Based on meta-analysis to explore the effect of physical exercise on relieving the anxiety of the elderly. Methods. The retrieval time was published in the domestic and foreign literatures on the effect of physical exercise on the anxiety of the elderly published from 2005 to 2021. The random effects model was used to evaluate the mean standard deviation of the scores of the intervention group on reducing the anxiety level of the elderly before and after the test. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the articles were screened, quality evaluated, and data extracted, and the literature was meta-analyzed by RevMan5.3. Results. In meta-analysis and systematic review, 17 papers finally met the inclusion criteria. After sensitivity analysis, the random effects model ( MD = 8.00 , 95% CI (6.90, 9.10), Z = 14.23 ( P < 0.00001 )) and the fixed effects model ( MD = 7.71 , 95% CI (6.98, 8.43), Z = 20.72 ( P < 0.00001 )) show that physical exercise has a positive and significant effect on the anxiety of the elderly. Conclusion. Physical exercise plays an important role in reducing the anxiety of the elderly. Therefore, regular physical exercise can be regarded as part of the elderly pension plan, but more high-quality research is needed to further explore the impact of physical exercise on elderly anxiety.

Sitophilus oryzae and Sitophilus zeamais are the two main insect pests that infest stored grain worldwide. Accurate and rapid identification of the two pests is challenging because of their similar appearances. The S. zeamais adults are darker and shinier than S. oryzae in visible light. Convolutional neural network (CNN) can be applied for the effective differentiation due to its high effectiveness in object recognition.We propose a multilayer convolutional structure (MCS) feature extractor to extract insect characteristics within each layer of the CNN architecture. A region proposal network is adopted to determine the location of a potential pest in the wheat background. The precision of classification and the robustness of bounding box regression are increased by including deeper layer variables into the classification and bounding box regression subnets, as well as combining loss functions softmax and smooth L1. The proposed multilayer convolutional structure network (MCSNet) achieves the mean average precision of 87.89 ± 2.36% from the laboratory test, with an average detection speed of 0.182 ± 0.005 s per test. The model was further assessed with the field trials, and the obtained accuracy was 90.35 ± 3.12%. For all test conditions, the average precision for S. oryzae was higher than that for S. zeamais.The proposed MCSNet model has demonstrated that it is a fast and accurate method for detecting sibling species from visible light images in both laboratory and field trials. This will ultimately be applied for pest management together with an upgraded industrial camera system, which has been installed in over 100 000 grain depots of China.

Virtual simulation technology of radiotherapy has completely changed the way we teach and learn. In the context of medical school education, the technology bridges the gap between abstract knowledge and ordinary life. Technology advances the possibilities available to mankind and are essential to medical professors in the teaching. However, educators are faced with the challenge of guiding students through this transition and ensuring they don’t lose valuable time using their devices. The rise of technology in learning has also carried some disadvantages with it, some of which might be overlooked. This study aimed to determine the attitude and motivation of medical professors to adopt virtual simulation technology of radiotherapy in clinical teaching context. Descriptive statistics, t-test analysis, one-way ANOVA, Pearson-r correlation, and chi-squared test were used in this study. It is recommended to upskill the technological and pedagogical knowledge and skills of faculty member, crucial especially in the context of a post-pandemic education.

ZnO and Al-doped ZnO (AZO) films were deposited on p-Si(100) wafers using magnetron sputtering, the effect of thermal shock on Si based films and its interface were evaluated by various characterization methods such as in-situ nanoscratch, atomic force microscope (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS). The results show the adhesion strength of Si/ZnO interface is relatively stable under thermal shock, the surface grains of Si coated ZnO form dense clusters then refine them. XRD and FTIR show Si based films exhibit (002) orientation with good structural stability related to Zn–O bond, the interfacial reactions of Si based films could experience strong interaction through Si, Zn and O atoms located at Si/ZnO interface during thermal shock. Moreover, some comparatively prominent peaks are observed by UV-DRS, which caused by Si interacted with ZnO, the AZO films deposited on quartz glass substrates illustrate the optical properties are obviously influenced and degraded after thermal shock.

Gastrodia elata needs to establish a symbiotic relationship with Armillaria strains in order to obtain nutrients and energy. However, the signaling crosstalk between G. elata and Armillaria strains is still unclear. During our experiment, we found that the vegetative mycelium of Armillaria gallica 012m grew significantly better in the media containing gibberellic acid (GA3) than the blank control group (BK). In order to explore the response mechanism, we performed an RNA-sequencing experiment to profile the transcriptome changes of A. gallica 012m cultured in the medium with exogenous GA3. The transcriptome-guided differential expression genes (DEGs) analysis of GA3 and BK showed that a total of 1309 genes were differentially expressed, including 361 upregulated genes and 948 downregulated genes. Some of those DEGs correlated with biological process, including positive regulation of chromosome segregation, mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition, attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore, mitotic cytokinesis, and nuclear division. These analyses explained that GA3 actively promoted the growth of A. gallica to some extent. Further analysis of protein domain features showed that deduced polypeptide contained 49 candidate genes of GA receptor, and 28 of them expressed in our samples. We speculate that GA receptors exist in A. gallica 012m. Comparative studies of proteins showed that the postulated GA receptor domains of A. gallica 012m have a higher homologous correlation with fungi than others based on cluster analysis.

BACKGROUND Gastric signet ring cell carcinoma (GSRC) is a special pathological type of gastric cancer (GC), which has the biological characteristics of high invasiveness, metastasis and poor prognosis, and has always been a major problem in clinical diagnosis and treatment. The current research on GSRC is stagnant at the tissue level of exome and mRNA sequencing, and lacks precision. We tried to use single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq)to reveal the biological characteristics of GSRC at the cellular level to guide clinical diagnosis and treatment, which has important theoretical and practical significance. METHODS We analyzed 32456 single cells from para-cancerous tissues of 5 patients and 117326 single cells from the cancer tissues of 13 patients by scRNA-seq. Results of the analysis were validated by immunohistochemistry, cell line cultures and bioinformatics. RESULTS The single-cell plot of GSRC was successfully constructed for the first time. There is also significant heterogeneity among Signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) sub-clusters. Microseminoprotein Beta (MSMB) as a marker can guide the identification of SRCC and moderate/poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (M/PDA) cells. The up-regulated genes in SRCC were mainly enriched in abnormally active cancer-related signaling pathways and immune response signaling pathways. SRCC can be also significantly enriched in mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and estrogen signaling pathway, and they can interact and promote each other, and continue to amplify the effect. SRCC has lower cell adhesion and higher immune evasion ability, they also have an immunosuppressive microenvironment, these may be closely related to the relatively poor prognosis of GSRC. CONCLUSIONS Compared to M/PDA, GSRC has unique cytological characteristics and immune microenvironment, which will provide assistance for precision diagnosis and treatment.

Yttrium (Y) is a critical metallic element that is used widely in modern scientific, technological, and industrial applications. Phosphorites in the Zhijin area of Guizhou Province, China, are famous for Y enrichment, but the enrichment characteristics and sources remain unclear. Previous studies suggested that the sources of rare earth elements (REEs, La–Lu) and Y (REYs, La–Lu+Y) were related to hydrothermal deposition. However, this study presents evidence refuting that hypothesis, with major and trace elemental data collected with quadrupole–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (Q–ICP–MS) analysis. These data show that Y in Zhijin REYs-containing phosphorites has a normal distribution and is particularly enriched relative to other REYs. The Y enrichment degree is different at different ∑REY intervals. Specifically, the Y enrichment degree is higher at lower ∑REY values and lower at higher ∑REY values. The REYs-containing phosphorites show features of primary phosphorites. Both REEs and Y have good correlations with P2O5 in the phosphorites with low REYs contents (total REYs

The transcription factor runt-related protein 2 (RUNX2) has an important impact on the transformation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblasts. Further studies have shown that RUNX2 plays a key role in the invasion and metastasis of cancers. RUNX2 is a “key” molecule in the regulatory network comprised of multiple signaling pathways upstream and its target downstream molecules. Due to the complex regulatory mechanisms of RUNX2, the specific mechanism underlying the occurrence, development and prognosis of malignant tumors has not been fully understood. Currently, RUNX2 as a promising therapeutic target for cancers has become a research hotspot. Herein, we reviewed the current literature on the modulatory functions and mechanisms of RUNX2 in the development of malignant tumors, aiming to explore its potential clinical application in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of tumors.

Microstructure, tensile property, microhardness and fracture behavior of the hydrogenated Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni alloy gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) joints were investigated. The results show that the microstructure of the hydrogenated 0.21 wt.% H weld zone were composed of alternating lamellar alpha/needle-like transformed beta and the hydride. Transformed beta was secondary decomposed into the short rod-shaped secondary alpha and lamellar residual beta. The “Pinning” effect of the hydride and more difficult dislocations cross slip directly led to the increased ultimate tensile and yield strength. Average hardness of weld zone, heat affected zone and base metal for the hydrogenated specimens were 196, 177 and 169 HV respectively. Hardness of the former was greater than that of the latter two, hydrogen-induced hardness of the welded joint was significantly increased. Fracture mode of the hydrogenated welded joints changed from the single ductile fracture to mainly brittle fracture with a few dimples fracture. Main cracks that propagated alternately to the original beta grain boundary resulted in local fracture of the microstructure, the interconnected local fractures finally led to the overall fracture of the hydrogenated welded joint.

Background The majority of previous studies of the clinical outcome of video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) versus open lobectomy for pathological N2 non‐small cell lung cancer (pN2 NSCLC) have been single‐center experiences with small patient numbers. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate these procedures but in a large cohort of Chinese patients with pathological N2 NSCLC in real‐world conditions. Methods Patients who underwent lobectomy for pN2 NSCLC by either VATS or thoracotomy were retrospectively reviewed from 10 tertiary hospitals between January 2014 and September 2017. Perioperative outcomes and overall survival of the patients were analyzed. Cox regression analysis was performed to identify potential prognostic factors. Propensity‐score analysis was performed to reduce cofounding biases and compare the clinical outcomes between both groups. Results Among 2144 pN2 NSCLC, 1244 patients were managed by VATS and 900 by open procedure. A total of 305 (24.5%) and 344 patients died during VATS and the thoracotomy group during a median follow‐up of 16.7 and 15.6 months, respectively. VATS lobectomy patients had better overall survival when compared with those undergoing the open procedure (P, The present study aimed to investigate the clinical outcome of video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) versus open lobectomy for pathological N2 non‐small cell lung cancer (pN2 NSCLC) using a large cohort of Chinese patients in real world conditions. VATS lobectomy might be a feasible alternative for pN2 NSCLC.

The effect of hydrogen addition on compression deformation behaviour of Ti–0.3Mo–0.8Ni alloy argon-arc welded joint has been investigated. Evolution mechanism of hydrogen-induced flow stress was discussed in detail. The results show that with increasing hydrogen content, the stretching and bending extent of fully lamellar microstructures including α lamellas and acicular hydride continued to increase, the morphology of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) grains tended to change from approximately equiaxed to large lamellar shape, and the quantity of DRX grains and recrystallization degree of grains increased obviously. A large number of dislocations concentrated in the vicinity of the hydride. Steady stress was decreased continuously with increasing hydrogen content, while peak stress of the hydrogenated 0.12 wt.% H weld zone was decreased to the minimum value and then increased slowly. A slight decrease in flow stress of the hydrogenated 0.05 wt.% H weld zone was caused by limited increase in the volume fraction of softer β phase. Hydrogen-induced DRX of α phase and improved dislocation movement by strong interaction between the hydride and dislocation directly resulted in a sharp drop in flow stress of the hydrogenated 0.12 and 0.21 wt.% H weld zone. Solute hydrogen also finitely contributed to a sharp drop in flow stress of the hydrogenated 0.12 and 0.21 wt.% H weld zone by promoted local softening, which induced continuous DRX and more movable dislocations to participate in slipping or climbing. The reinforcement effect and plastic deformation of the hydride and solution strengthening of β phase induced by solute hydrogen finally led to the increase in flow stress of the hydrogenated 0.21 wt.% H weld zone in its true strain range from 0 to 0.36.

Purpose Glioma is one of the most common malignant tumors affecting human health. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) TMPO-AS1 participates in the pathogenesis of various cancers. However, the role of lncRNA TMPO-AS1 in glioma remains largely unknown. This study aims to uncover the role of TMPO-AS1 and explore its potential mechanism in glioma. Methods Expression levels of TMPO-AS1 and miR-383-5p in glioma cell lines were measured by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). CCK-8, colony formation, wound-healing, and Transwell assays were conducted to determine cell proliferation, migration and invasion abilities, respectively. Western blotting was applied to detect the expression of corresponding proteins. Immunofluorescence assay was performed to measure the expression of Ki67. The binding condition between TMPO-AS1 and miR-383-5p was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Results We found that TMPO-AS1 was up-regulated while miR-383-5p was down-regulated in glioma cell lines, and knockdown of TMPO-AS1 significantly suppressed glioma cell proliferation, migration and invasion abilities. miR-383-5p was demonstrated to be a direct target of TMPO-AS1. Besides, inhibition of miR-383-5p abolished the effects of TMPO-AS1 knockdown on glioma cells. Conclusion In summary, our study revealed that inhibition of lncRNA TMPO-AS1 could suppress glioma progression through targeting miR-383-5p. TMPO-AS1 might be used as a therapeutic target for glioma treatment.

N2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without N1 involvement, also known as skip metastases (pN0N2), has been suggested as a subgroup of heterogeneous N2 disease with better survival. This real-world observational study aimed to elucidate the prognostic impacts of skip N2 metastases using a large number of pathologic N2 NSCLC from 10 participating centers in China.Medical records of pN2 NSCLC patients after surgical resection at 10 thoracic surgery centers between January 2014 and September 2017 were retrospectively reviewed based on the LinkDoc database. Clinical data on patient demographics, tumor characteristics, treatments and clinical outcomes were collected. Overall survival of patients with and without skip metastases was evaluated and compared by Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test. Cox proportional hazard model was established to identify potential prognostic predictors. Subgroup analysis was carried out to further explore the prognostic significance of skip metastases.Among 2653 surgically resected N2 patients, 881 (33.2%) had skip metastases. Patients with skip N2 had a significant better overall survival (P = 0.0019). Multivariate COX regression analysis showed borderline significance of skip metastases (HR = 0.81, 95%CI: 0.645-1.017, P = 0.0698) after adjustment for other covariates. Other independent prognostic predictors included smoking history, tumor location, stage and N2 station involved (P 0.05). Subgroup analysis demonstrated significant survival benefits of skip N2 in most subpopulations.This study suggested a prognostic benefit of skip N2 metastases in real world practice. Further subdivision of N2 disease is warranted for better patient management and prognostic prediction (NCT03429192).

Scope Phaseolus vulgaris L. is rich in alpha‐amylase inhibitor and has been used for reducing glycemia and calories absorption through preventing or delaying the digestion of complex carbohydrate. A randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled study was conducted on obese volunteers to evaluate the degree of significate weight loss by regular intake Phaseolus vulgaris cultivated from Southwestern region of China. Method The volunteers were divided into two groups, homogeneous for age, gender, and body weight. Phaseolus vulgaris extract or placebo was given 2,400 mg per day before each daily meal for 35 consecutive days. Each subject's body weight, fat mass, body mass index, blood biochemical parameters, skinfold fat thickness, and waist/hip circumferences were monitored and analyzed. Result and conclusion As a result, the average amount of weight lost by the Phaseolus vulgaris extract group was 2.24 kg (average of 0.448 kg per week), compared with a 0.29 kg weight loss (average of 0.058 kg per week) in placebo group after 35 days. The differences between groups were significant (p, A Phaseolus vulgaris extract produced from Southwestern region of China reduces body weight gain in obese subjects. There is no serious side effects report following consumption of Phaseolus vulgaris extract. Phaseolus vulgaris extract has the potential to induce weight loss caused by carbohydrates through its alpha‐amylase inhibiting activity.

A sensitive electrochemical sensor determination of dopamine (DA) has been developed using the polymerized L-tryptophan (p-L-Trp) and graphene (GN) composite as the electrode. The sensor electrode is fabricated by electrochemical polymerization of L-Trp on the GN-modified glassy carbon electrode. The composite sensor electrode shows an excellent electrochemical catalytic activity towards DA oxidation. The oxidation current is recorded by differential pulse voltammetry. The peak oxidation current is in logarithmically proportion to the DA concentration in a range from 0.2 to 100 μM with a detection limit of 0.06 μM. The detection selectivity is also carried out in the presence of ascorbic acid with a high concentration. The sensor is successfully applied for detecting DA in dopamine hydrochloride injection in real samples. The success of the sensor in DA detection is ascribed to a synergetic effect and π–π stacking interaction of GN and p-L-Trp.

HighlightsA novel measuring device was developed for the propagation constant of acoustic waves in grain.Increase in moisture of wheat from 1.1% to 7.8% (wet basis) decreased the wave velocity and increased the attenuation coefficient.Increase in moisture of wheat from 7.8% to 21.2% increased the wave velocity and decreased the attenuation coefficient.Using the Johnson-Champoux-Allard (JCA) model and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, the influence of moisture on the pore structure in wheat was characterized.Abstract. Acoustic methods have been widely used for the measurement of grain moisture content and temperature as well as for detecting the presence of insects in grain. Therefore, this study was conducted to understand the influence of wheat moisture content on acoustic wave propagation characteristics. A novel device was developed for measuring the acoustic wave propagation constant. The propagation constants of 12 samples of wheat were measured, with each sample having a different moisture content in the range from 1.1% to 21.2% (wet basis). The results showed that the acoustic wave velocity decreased slightly with an increase in moisture from 1.1% to 7.8%, while the attenuation coefficient increased slightly. When the moisture increased from 7.8% to 21.2%, the velocity increased gradually, while the attenuation coefficient decreased. A quadratic equation described the results well. In addition, a Johnson-Champoux-Allard (JCA) model was adopted to study the influence of moisture on the pore structure of wheat samples. With the increase in moisture from 1.1% to 21.2%, the average radius of interconnection between two adjacent pores decreased from 0.275 to 0.262 mm at moisture below 7.8% and then increased to 0.304 mm, and the average radius of the pores decreased from 0.773 to 0.481 mm at moisture below 7.8% and then increased to 1.2 mm. Keywords: Acoustic standing wave tube, JCA model, Moisture content, Propagation constant, PSO algorithm, Wheat.