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ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety of co-vaccination with domestic 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) and split influenza virus vaccine (sFlu) in key populations aged 3 years and older and to provide a reference for formulating co-vaccination strategies. MethodsThe study participants were 5 502 healthy and unhealthy (with chronic diseases) volunteers (including 2 072 children aged 3 – < 8 years, 1 598 residents aged 8 – < 60 years, and 1 832 elderly aged 60 years and older) vaccinated simultaneously with one dose of PPSV23 (intramuscular injection into the deltoid muscle of the left upper arm) and one dose of sFlu (into the right upper arm) in 8 cities of Anhui province from October 2021 to February 2023. Active surveillance for adverse reactions within 28 days of co-vaccination with PPSV23 and sFlu was conducted among participants through active reporting via the Ark Immunization mobile application and telephone or home interviews by health care workers. Reported current/historic chronic diseases and observed adverse events after co-vaccination were categorized according to the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) and the Guiding Principles for the Classification of Adverse Events in Clinical Trials of Preventive Vaccines issued by the National Medical Products Administration. ResultsThe prevalence of underlying chronic diseases was 1.45%, 100.00%, and 37.61% in participants aged 3 – < 8, 8 – < 60, and ≥ 60 years, respectively. All adverse events occurred within 7 days of co-vaccination, with an incidence rate of 2.67%. The incidence rates of grade 1, 2, and 3 adverse events were 1.62%, 0.93%, and 0.13%, respectively. The incidence rates of local and systemic adverse events were 2.25% and 1.00%, respectively. Local reactions were mainly pain at the vaccination site, while systemic reactions were mainly fever. The incidence of local adverse events was higher for PPSV23 than for sFlu when administered at the same time. The incidence rates of adverse reactions in participants aged 3 – < 8, 8 – < 60, and 60 years and older were 2.03%, 3.25%, and 2.89%, respectively, without significant difference (χ2 = 5.741, P > 0.05). The grades of adverse reactions in the participants of the three age groups were mainly grade 1 and 2. The overall incidence rate of adverse reactions in healthy participants was 2.32% and that in unhealthy participants was 3.15%, without significant difference between the two groups (χ2 = 3.530, P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidence and severity of adverse events between the healthy and unhealthy participants aged 3 – < 8 years and 60 years and older (P > 0.05). ConclusionSimultaneous vaccination with domestic PPSV23 and sFlu has shown good safety in key populations of different ages, health status and simultaneous vaccination with the two vaccines is recommended.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a degenerative disease that severely impairs vision, often accompanied by oxidative stress damage, cellular apoptosis, and inflammatory responses in the retina. Green tea, which is rich in polyphenols, typically exhibits strong antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, an AMD rat model was induced through a combination of intense light exposure and intraperitoneal injection of sodium iodate. An integrated systems biology approach, combining metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis, was employed to investigate the pharmacological basis of green tea extract (GTE) intervention, elucidate key mechanisms of action, and screen for potential biomarkers. The results indicated that GTE significantly improved oxidative stress damage and inflammatory responses in the retina of AMD rats. Additionally, GTE inhibited retinal cell apoptosis by regulating the expression of caspase-3 protein. Integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses revealed that GTE activates Glycerophospholipid metabolism, Ether lipid metabolism, Retinol metabolism, Arachidonic acid metabolism, and Vascular smooth muscle contraction signaling pathways in the retina of AMD rats. This activation was achieved through the modulation of gene expressions such as Pla2g3, Mboat1, and Awat2, influencing the levels of retinol, prostaglandin F2α, and multiple phospholipid metabolites in the retina. qRT-PCR experiments confirmed that GTE can regulate the expression levels of several key genes involved in inflammatory responses, phospholipid metabolism, and retinol metabolism, thereby enhancing its therapeutic activity against AMD. In summary, these findings confirm the substantial therapeutic potential of green tea in the treatment of AMD, providing a foundation for clinical applications and drug development.

Abstract Binocular stereo vision relies on imaging disparity between two hemispherical retinas, which is essential to acquire image information in three dimensional environment. Therefore, retinomorphic electronics with structural and functional similarities to biological eyes are always highly desired to develop stereo vision perception system. In this work, a hemispherical optoelectronic memristor array based on Ag‐TiO2 nanoclusters/sodium alginate film is developed to realize binocular stereo vision. All‐optical modulation induced by plasmonic thermal effect and optical excitation in Ag‐TiO2 nanoclusters is exploited to realize in‐pixel image sensing and storage. Wide field of view (FOV) and spatial angle detection are experimentally demonstrated owing to the device arrangement and incident‐angle‐dependent characteristics in hemispherical geometry. Furthermore, depth perception and motion detection based on binocular disparity have been realized by constructing two retinomorphic memristive arrays. The results demonstrated in this work provide a promising strategy to develop all‐optically controlled memristor and promote the future development of binocular vision system with in‐sensor architecture.

Abstract Visual adaptation that can autonomously adjust the response to light stimuli is a basic function of artificial visual systems for intelligent bionic robots. To improve efficiency and reduce complexity, artificial visual systems with integrated visual adaptation functions based on a single device should be developed to replace traditional approaches that require complex circuitry and algorithms. Here, we have developed a single two-terminal opto-sensor based on multilayer γ-InSe flakes, which successfully emulated the visual adaptation behaviors with a new working mechanism combining the photo-pyroelectric and photo-thermoelectric effect. The device can operate in self-powered mode and exhibit good human-eye-like adaptation behaviors, which include broadband light-sensing image adaptation (from ultraviolet to near-infrared), near-complete photosensitivity recovery (99.6%), and synergetic visual adaptation, encouraging the advancement of intelligent opto-sensors and machine vision systems.

The Sky View Factor (SVF) stands as a critical metric for quantitatively assessing urban spatial morphology and its estimation method based on Street View Imagery (SVI) has gained significant attention in recent years. However, most existing Street View-based methods prove inefficient and constrained in SVI dataset collection. These approaches often fall short in capturing detailed visual areas of the sky, and do not meet the requirements for handling large areas. Therefore, an online method for the rapid estimation of a large area SVF using SVI is presented in this study. The approach has been integrated into a WebGIS tool called BMapSVF, which refines the extent of the visible sky and allows for instant estimation of the SVF at observation points. In this paper, an empirical case study is carried out in the street canyons of the Qinhuai District of Nanjing to illustrate the effectiveness of the method. To validate the accuracy of the refined SVF extraction method, we employ both the SVI method based on BMapSVF and the simulation method founded on 3D urban building models. The results demonstrate an acceptable level of refinement accuracy in the test area.

The Omicron EG.5 lineage of SARS-CoV-2 is currently on a trajectory to become the dominant strain. This phase 2 study aims to evaluate the immunogenicity of SCTV01E-2, a tetravalent protein vaccine, with a specific emphasis on its immunogenicity against Omicron EG.5, comparing it with its progenitor vaccine, SCTV01E (NCT05933512). As of 12 September 2023, 429 participants aged ≥18 years were randomized into the groups SCTV01E (N = 215) and SCTV01E-2 (N = 214). Both vaccines showed increases in neutralizing antibody (nAb) against Omicron EG.5, with a 5.7-fold increase and a 9.0-fold increase in the SCTV01E and SCTV01E-2 groups 14 days post-vaccination, respectively. The predetermined statistical endpoints were achieved, showing that the geometric mean titer (GMT) of nAb and the seroresponse rate (SRR) against Omicron EG.5 were significantly higher in the SCTV01E-2 group than in the SCTV01E group. Additionally, SCTV01E and SCTV01E-2 induced a 5.5-fold and a 5.9-fold increase in nAb against XBB.1, respectively. Reactogenicity was generally mild and transient. No vaccine-related serious adverse events (SAEs), adverse events of special interest (AESIs), or deaths were reported. In summary, SCTV01E-2 elicited robust neutralizing responses against Omicron EG.5 and XBB.1 without raising safety concerns, highlighting its potential as a versatile COVID-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Among renewable energy sources, wind energy is regarded as one of the fastest-growing segments, which plays a key role in enhancing environmental quality. Wind turbines are generally located in remote and harsh environments. Bearings are a crucial component in wind turbines, and their failure is one of the most frequent reasons for system breakdown. Wind turbine bearing faults are usually very localized during their early stages which is precisely when they need to be detected. Hence, the early diagnosis of bearing faults holds paramount practical significance. In order to solve the problem of weak pulses being masked by noise in early failure signals of rolling element bearings, a novel fault diagnosis method is proposed based on the combination of complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) and an improved TFR demodulation method. Initially, the decomposition of vibration signals using CEEMDAN is carried out to obtain several intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Subsequently, a novel KC indicator that combines kurtosis and the correlation function is designed to select the effective components for signal reconstruction. Finally, an innovative approach based on the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) for multi-scale demodulation analysis in the domain of time–frequency representation (TFR) is also introduced to extract the envelope spectrum. Further fault diagnosis can be achieved by the identification of the fault characteristic frequency (FCF). This study focuses on the theoretical exploration of bearing faults diagnosis algorithms, employing modeling and simulation techniques. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method are validated through the analysis of simulated signals and experimental signals provided by the Center for Intelligent Maintenance Systems (IMS) of the University of Cincinnati and the Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) Bearing Data Center. The method demonstrates the capability to identify various types of bearing faults, including outer race and inner race faults, with a high degree of computational efficiency. Comparative analysis indicates a significant enhancement in fault diagnostic performance when compared to existing methods. This research contributes to the advancement of effective bearing fault diagnosis methodologies for wind turbines, thereby ensuring their reliable operation.

The integration of sensory information from different modalities, such as touch and vision, is essential for organisms to perform behavioral functions such as decision-making, learning, and memory. Artificial implementation of human multi-sensory perception using electronic supports is of great significance for achieving efficient human–machine interaction. Thanks to their structural and functional similarity with biological synapses, memristors are emerging as promising nanodevices for developing artificial neuromorphic perception. Memristive devices can sense multidimensional signals including light, pressure, and sound. Their in-sensor computing architecture represents an ideal platform for efficient multimodal perception. We review recent progress in multimodal memristive technology and its application to neuromorphic perception of complex stimuli carrying visual, olfactory, auditory, and tactile information. At the device level, the operation model and undergoing mechanism have also been introduced. Finally, we discuss the challenges and prospects associated with this rapidly progressing field of research.

Abstract Auditory motion perception is one crucial capability to decode and discriminate the spatiotemporal information for neuromorphic auditory systems. Doppler frequency‐shift feature and interaural time difference (ITD) are two fundamental cues of auditory information processing. In this work, the functions of azimuth detection and velocity detection, as the typical auditory motion perception, are demonstrated in a WOx‐based memristive synapse. The WOx memristor presents both the volatile mode (M1) and semi‐nonvolatile mode (M2), which are capable of implementing the high‐pass filtering and processing the spike trains with a relative timing and frequency shift. In particular, the Doppler frequency‐shift information processing for velocity detection is emulated in the WOx memristor based auditory system for the first time, which relies on a scheme of triplet spike‐timing‐dependent‐plasticity in the memristor. These results provide new opportunities for the mimicry of auditory motion perception and enable the auditory sensory system to be applied in future neuromorphic sensing.

Abstract Deep ultraviolet monitoring is realized via a high crystal quality SnO2 microwire (MW)‐based photodetector (PD). This is then combined with 2D nitrogen‐doped graphene (NGr), conducting polymer polypyrrole (PPy), and an in situ polymerization‐fabricated composite film PPy‐NGr to construct an organic–inorganic p–n heterojunction PD. The long response time brought on by the oxygen adsorption of SnO2 MW is greatly decreased via coating with the aforementioned materials. A defect response is created by the surface dangling bonds of SnO2 MW, which can be effectively suppressed by the PPy. Absorption in the deep ultraviolet region (

Spatially concentrated absorption is able to form local hotspots and helps to generate hot electrons with higher energy than free electrons, which can be used to improve the performance of hot electron devices. Herein, a broadband, wide‐angle, and highly concentrated metamaterial absorber operating in near‐infrared and midinfrared bands is proposed. The absorptivity of the proposed absorber exceeds 90% in the wavelength range of 2.0–5.4 μm, and the average absorptivity at 2.0–5.4 μm reaches 93.5%. Moreover, the absorber can highly concentrate the energy of the incident light on a point on the bottom surface of the device; the area with concentrated energy only accounts for 1.4% of the total area of the bottom, thus forming a hotspot. Meanwhile, the absorber can still maintain an average absorptivity of more than 85% when the incident light angle of various polarization directions reaches 60°. These characteristics enable the device to provide a solution to improve the performance of hot electrons, energy collection, and imaging devices.

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to determine population-based estimates of the epidemiology and prognosis of central nervous system solitary fibrous tumors (cSFTs).MethodsWe extracted the data of patients diagnosed with cSFTs between 2004 and 2018 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. We analyzed the distribution of patients according to their demographic and clinical characteristics. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to predict which patients would be diagnosed with malignant cSFT. Possible prognostic indicators were analyzed by multivariable Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsA total of 650 cases were included. The majority of patients were diagnosed at 50-59 years old, and the median age at diagnosis was 55 years. A total of 13.4% of the tumors were located in the spinal canal, and 24% of the tumors were benign. Most of the tumors were larger than 3 cm, but distant metastasis was rare. Tumor resection was the first choice of treatment for these patients, and total resection was achieved in 51.1%. Radiation therapy after surgery was also administered to 42.3% of the patients. The median survival was 57 months. Intracranial tumors and tumors with distant metastasis tended to be malignant. The results of the log-rank test showed that the patients who underwent total resection had better overall survival (OS), but the effect of radiation therapy after surgery was not significant.ConclusioncSFT is a rare and aggressive type of tumor. Tumor resection is the first choice for treatment, and radiation therapy after surgery does not improve OS. Patients older than 60 years of age who are diagnosed with intracranial tumors, malignant tumors and distant metastasis have worse OS outcomes than their counterparts.

The infiltrative growth and malignant biological behavior of glioma make it one of the most challenging malignant tumors in the brain, and how to maximize the extent of resection (EOR) while minimizing the impact on normal brain tissue is the pursuit of neurosurgeons. The current intraoperative visualization assistance techniques applied in clinical practice suffer from low specificity, slow detection speed and low accuracy, while Raman spectroscopy (RS) is a novel spectroscopy technique gradually developed and applied to clinical practice in recent years, which has the advantages of being non-destructive, rapid and accurate at the same time, allowing excellent intraoperative identification of gliomas. In the present work, the latest research on Raman spectroscopy in glioma is summarized to explore the prospect of Raman spectroscopy in glioma surgery.

Abstract Temozolomide (TMZ) is the mainstream chemotherapeutic drug for treating glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), but the intrinsic or acquired chemoresistance to TMZ has become the leading clinical concern, which is related to the repair of DNA alkylation sites by O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). Pyrvinium pamoate (PP), the FDA-approved anthelminthic drug, has been reported to inhibit the Wnt/β-catenin pathway within numerous cancer types, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway can modulate the expression of MGMT gene. However, whether PP affects the expression of MGMT and enhances TMZ sensitivity in GBM cells remains unclear. In the present study, we found that PP and TMZ had synergistic effect on inhibiting the viability of GBM cells, and PP induced inhibition of MGMT and enhanced the TMZ chemosensitivity of GBM cells through down-regulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Moreover, the overexpression of MGMT or β-catenin weakened the synergy between PP and TMZ. The mechanism of PP in inhibiting the Wnt pathway was indicated that PP resulted in the degradation of β-catenin via the AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling axis. Moreover, Ser552 phosphorylation in β-catenin, which promotes its nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activity, is blocked by PP that also inhibits the Wnt pathway to some extent. The intracranial GBM mouse model also demonstrated that the synergy between PP and TMZ could be achieved through down-regulating β-catenin and MGMT, which prolonged the survival time of tumor-bearing mice. Taken together, our data suggest that PP may serve as the prospect medicine to improve the chemotherapeutic effect on GBM, especially for chemoresistant to TMZ induced by MGMT overexpression.

The infrared radiation of the target and scene needs to be transmitted through the surface atmosphere, and it can be detected by infrared thermal imaging equipment. The mid-wave infrared band (MWIR, 3–5 μm) and the long-wave infrared band (LWIR, 8–14 μm) are two atmospheric windows for heat transmission and are the principal operating band of infrared equipment. This paper proposed a broadband metamaterial absorber based on hybrid multi-mode resonance in the MWIR and LWIR. Metamaterial absorber with rectangular grating structure achieves a total of six absorption peaks with high absorption in the MWIR and LWIR. The proposed absorber is scalability in the MWIR and LWIR by tuning the structural parameters. And we designed six absorption peaks to achieve a broadband absorber based on the combined action of propagating surface plasmons (PSP), localized surface plasmons (LSP), and Fabry–Pérot (FP) resonance modes. The average absorption rate of the MWIR is 52 %, and the average absorption rate of the LWIR is 86 %. The geometry of the absorber structure is relatively large, which facilitates fabrication and integration. Although, in terms of its resonance mechanism, the absorption is directly related to the incident angle. However, the metamaterial absorber maintains good wide-angle characteristics when the incident angle is ± 45°. Therefore, the proposed dual-band absorbers in the MWIR and LWIR will have great application potential in infrared detection devices.

Electronic devices with biomaterials have paved a way toward “green electronics” to create a sustainable future. Memristors are drawing growing attention with integrated sensing, memory, and computing for future artificial intelligence applications. Biomaterial is an emerging class of memristive materials (the device is called as biomemristor) for transient and/or biodegradable purpose. Importantly, several unique features such as faithful synaptic behaviors, bimodal switching, and biovoltage operations are observed in biomemristors. Moreover, the biomemristors are suitable for human‐related applications due to the inherent biocompatibility of biomaterials and flexibility of the device with ultrathin thickness. These features make the biomemristors promising for biorealistic neuromorphic applications. Herein, the state of the art of biomemristors are comprehensively summarized and systematically discussed with particular attention on their unique biorealistic features. Challenges and prospects toward the further development of biomemristors are also provided and discussed.

The intriguing properties of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) enable the exploration of new electronic device architectures, particularly the emerging memristive devices for in-memory computing applications. Implementation of arithmetic logic operations taking advantage of the non-linear characteristics of memristor can significantly improve the energy efficiency and simplify the complexity of peripheral circuits. Herein, we demonstrate an arithmetic logic unit function using a lateral volatile memristor based on layered 2D tungsten disulfide (WS2) materials and some combinational logic circuits. Removable oxygen ions were introduced into WS2 materials through oxygen plasma treatment process. The resistive switching of the memristive device caused by the thermophoresis-assisted oxygen ions migration has also been revealed. Based on the characteristics of excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC), paired-pulse facilitation (PPF), and spike rate dependent plasticity (SRDP), a real-time numerical system convertor was successfully accomplished, which is a significant computing function of arithmetic logic unit. This work paves a new way for developing 2D memristive devices for future arithmetic logic applications.