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Solar photovoltaic (PV) is considered a very promising technology, and PV-lithium-ion battery energy storage is widely used to obtain smoother power output. In this paper, we propose a battery equalization circuit and control strategy to improve the performance of lithium-ion batteries. In the equalization circuit, the passive equalization and active equalization circuits are combined, and the active equalization circuit used is simple and has high performance, whereas in the equalization strategy, because the system works 24 h a day, the equalization speed is sacrificed to obtain a smaller temperature rise by adjusting the duty cycle of the passive equalization metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors and by calculating the state of charge instead of the voltage to obtain better performance. The proposed circuit and strategy can not only achieve the goal of battery equalization, while turning on four batteries at the same time and the temperature rise of passive equalization is only 1°C for ~1.5 h. Compared with the traditional equalization control strategy with 8 mV voltage error, the proposed strategy is only 3 mV, which has better performance.

This paper presents a novel model for examining trust work in the Chinese government microblogs, integrating Fuoli and Paradis’s model of trust-repair discourse with scholarly views on Chinese trust. We argue that the ultimate communicative goal of government microblogs is to construct the Chinese authorities’ CBT (cognition-based trust) and ABT (affect-based trust). The antecedents of CBT include the trustee’s ability and integrity, and those of ABT include values congruence and guanxi (personal connections). We also suggest three types of communicative actions critical for trust-building, that is, NN (neutralising the negative), EP (emphasising the positive) and ME (mobilising the emotivity). These actions are realised through engagement and evaluation resources, emotional stories and intimate address forms. We then apply the model to the analysis of trust work in an influential government microblog with the username of @chinapeace. The analysis has the twofold purpose of demonstrating the viability of the model of trust-building discourse and examining the trust work of Chinese government microbloggers facing the pandemic crisis.

The 5G IoT is very complicated and there are many factors that affect the network performance. Presently, the optimization of network is still the focus of research. Although the existing literature has done a large number of researches in this aspect, there have always been problems, such as complex algorithms. Based on the previous research, we propose a big data mining analysis method, which improves the comprehensive performance of the network by analyzing the relationship of massive data variables so as to optimize the combination of the network. In this paper, according to each of terminal variables at any moment such as power consumption, bandwidth, noise power, subcarrier bandwidth, interference power and coding efficiency, etc. we develop the mathematical modeling of principal component multiple regression. Then we simulate this scheme by edge computing technology and combine it with intelligent algorithms. The research results show that this method can effectively predict the data concerned, and the residual is the smallest. Therefore, the research provides an important basic for application of the approach to the mobile edge network optimization of IoTs.

To help people solve unsolved problems in everyday life and solve the complexity of life, this paper proposes an artificial intelligence algorithm and establishes a mathematical model for simulation experiments. The results show that the artificial intelligence algorithm can search the optimal solution in a short time, with a success rate of 95.87%. Under the same conditions, relative to other algorithms, it can not only improve the success rate of the optimal solution, but also the search solution has very significant advantages.

In vegetation remote sensing, the apparent radiation of the vegetation canopy is often combined with three components derived from different parts of vegetation that have different production mechanisms and optical properties: volume scattering Lvol, polarized light Lpol, and chlorophyll fluorescence ChlF. The chlorophyll fluorescence plays a very important role in vegetation remote sensing, and the polarization information in vegetation remote sensing has become an effective way to characterize the physical characteristics of vegetation. This study analyzes the difference between these three types of radiation flux and utilizes polarization radiation to separate them from the apparent radiation of the vegetation canopy. Specifically, solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence is extracted from vegetation canopy radiation data using standard Fraunhofer-line discrimination. The results show that polarization measurements can quantitatively separate Lvol, Lpol, and ChlF and extract the solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence. This study improves our understanding of the light-scattering properties of vegetation canopies and provides insights for developing building models and research algorithms.

Jie Yang,1,2 Lihong Jiang,1,2 Haiyan Yao,1,2 Li Huang,1,2 Youming Long1,2 1Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of GuangZhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and The Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of GuangZhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Youming Long, Tel/Fax +86-20-34153147, Email youminglong@126.comPurpose: Currently, no uniform diagnostic criteria or treatment consensus is available for patients with autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy (GFAP-A). The aim of this registry is to develop diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations for GFAP-A based on clinical features, neuroimaging, neuroelectrophysiological examinations, laboratory tests, specific antibody tests, immunotherapy, and prognosis.Patients and methods: This multicenter, nationwide ambispective registry includes twenty-seven hospitals in China. From January 2020 to December 2022, consecutive hospitalized patients with symptoms of meningoencephalitis, as well as GFAP-IgG positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or serum will be invited to join this study. It is conservatively estimated that over 300 patients will join the study. Data on demographics, medical history, treatment details and imaging features will be collected after discharge. Outcome events of interest will include modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), readmission with relapsed meningoencephalomyelitis, all-cause mortality, and mortality resulting from complications of GFAP-A. The follow-up will be conducted at six months and twelve months after discharge. Univariate and multivariate regression models will be used to calculate identify independent predictors of outcomes. Stratification analysis will be used to test whether results are similar between key subgroups.Discussion: This study will describe the risk factors, disease course, response to immunotherapy, and long-term prognosis of a large cohort of GFAP-A patients. By using these data, a relatively rational recommendation process for the diagnosis and treatment of GFAP-A will be developed.Trial Registration Number: ChiCTR2000041291.Keywords: glial fibrillary acidic protein, astrocytopathy, antibody, diagnosis, prognosis

Background: Coronary artery stenosis (CAS) ≥50% often coexists in patients with ischemic stroke, which leads to a significant increase in the occurrence of major vascular events after stroke. This study aimed to develop a nomogram for diagnosing the presence of ≥50% asymptomatic CAS in patients with ischemic stroke. Methods: A primary cohort was established that included 275 non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke patients who were admitted from January 2011 to April 2013 to a teaching hospital in southern China. The preoperative data were used to construct two models by the best subset regression and the forward stepwise regression methods, and a nomogram between these models was established. The assessment of the nomogram was carried out by discrimination and calibration in an internal cohort. Result: Out of the two models, model 1 contained eight clinical-related variables and exhibited the lowest Akaike Information Criterion value (322.26) and highest concordance index 0.716 (95% CI, 0.654-0.778). The nomogram showed good calibration and significant clinical benefit according to calibration curves and the decision curve analysis. Conclusion: The nomogram, composed of age, sex, NIHSS score on admission, hypertension history, fast glucose level, HDL cholesterol level, LDL cholesterol level, and presence of ≥50% cervicocephalic artery stenosis, can be used for prediction of ≥50% asymptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD). Further studies are needed to validate the effectiveness of this nomogram in other populations.

Polylactide (PLA) is one of the most promising polymers that has been widely used for the repair of damaged tissues due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. PLA composites with multiple properties, such as mechanical properties and osteogenesis, have been widely investigated. Herein, PLA/graphene oxide (GO)/parathyroid hormone (rhPTH(1-34)) nanofiber membranes were prepared using a solution electrospinning method. The tensile strength of the PLA/GO/rhPTH(1-34) membranes was 2.64 MPa, nearly 110% higher than that of a pure PLA sample (1.26 MPa). The biocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation test demonstrated that the addition of GO did not markedly affect the biocompatibility of PLA, and the alkaline phosphatase activity of PLA/GO/rhPTH(1-34) membranes was about 2.3-times that of PLA. These results imply that the PLA/GO/rhPTH(1-34) composite membrane may be a candidate material for bone tissue engineering.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted great interest in biomedical fields. However, the potential toxicity and poor dispersion of CNTs have greatly limited its application. In this work, a mussel-inspired method combined with the “thiol-Michael” click reaction was used to modify the surface of CNT and improve its properties. Firstly, a CNT was treated with dopamine, and then alginate grafted with L-cysteine was anchored onto the surface of CNT via click reaction, which realized the long-time dispersion of CNT in water. Furthermore, the in vitro test also demonstrated that the alginate may improve the biocompatibility of CNT, and thus may broaden the application of CNT in the biomedical field.

Background In this study, we describe clinical findings in a patient with autoimmune inflammatory meningoencephalitis who was negative for antibodies against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP-IgG). Methods Serum and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected from the patient as part of a study of 520 patients with neurological syndromes. Antibodies against GFAP and other proteins associated with neurological disorders were measured by rat brain- and cell-based indirect immunofluorescence assays. Results A 42-year-old female was diagnosed with autoimmune inflammatory meningoencephalitis. She experienced a subacute and relapsing course with decreased vision, fever, headache, ataxia, hemiplegia, and disturbance of consciousness. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed extensive lesions in the white matter along the ventricle, brainstem, right internal capsule, and meninges. The patient responded well to steroid treatment. Examination of CSF revealed a normal white blood cell count and protein level. Serum and CSF were negative for GFAP-specific antibodies and all other autoantibodies tested. Immunohistochemical staining of a brain biopsy collected during relapse revealed chronic inflammation and severe edema. Extensive and strong staining of CD163+ macrophages were evident throughout the lesions; however, CD3+ cells were rare and CD138+ and CD20+ cells were absent. Conclusion We describe a case of subacute corticosteroid-responsive nonvasculitic autoimmune inflammatory meningoencephalitis in the absence of GFAP-IgG. The pathological features were distinct from those of patients with GFAP-IgG-positive meningoencephalitis, suggesting that nonvasculitic autoimmune inflammatory meningoencephalitis is a heterogeneous neurological syndrome.

Background To evaluate indirect immunofluorescence patterns of auto-antibodies and the targeting antigens to Immunoglobulin Gs (IgGs) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by a tissue-based assay(TBA). Methods CSF samples were collected from 793 patients. Auto-antibody levels were measured via an immunofluorescence assay. Results 110 (13.9%) CSF samples with a specific response were confirmed. Of these, 37 showed a neuronal pattern, 57 an astrocyte pattern, 7 a neuronal and astrocyte pattern, and 9 samples showed an oligodendrocyte pattern. In the neuronal antibody group, 16 patients had NMDAR-IgGs, 3 had LGi1-IgGs, 2 had AMPA2-IgGs, 2 had GAD65-IgGs, 1 patient had GABA-IgGs, and 1 patient had overlapping NMDAR-IgGs and AQP4-IgGs. Of the unidentified neuronal antibodies, two were cellular surface antibodies, three were cellular surface and cytoplasm antibodies, three were cytoplasm antibodies, and four were nuclear and cytoplasm antibodies. Among the 57 patients with the astrocyte pattern, 28 patients were positive for AQP4-IgGs, 21 were positive for GFAP-IgGs, 5 patients had overlapping AQP4 and GFAP-IgGs, and 3 patients had an unidentified antigen. Seven patients showed neuronal and astrocyte patterns simultaneously; four of them had unknown neuronal antibodies. In the patients with an oligodendrocyte pattern, one was positive for MOG-IgGs and four for MBP-IgGs. Conclusions The TBA is helpful for diagnosing autoimmune neurological syndrome, especially in patients with unknown antibodies and antigens. Presence of unidentified antibodies against neuronal or glial cells could be an interesting finding, but should be investigated in future studies which incorporate parallel serum samples at an appropriate IgG dilution.

Bone-tissue engineering is an alternative treatment for bone defects with great potential in which scaffold is a critical factor to determine the effect of bone regeneration. Electrospun nanofibers are widely used as scaffolds in the biomedical field for their similarity with the structure of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Their unique characteristics are: larger surface areas, porosity and processability; these make them ideal candidates for bone-tissue engineering. This review briefly introduces bone-tissue engineering and summarizes the materials and methods for electrospining. More importantly, how to functionalize electrospun nanofibers to make them more conducive for bone regeneration is highlighted. Finally, the existing deficiencies of functionalized electrospun nanofibers for promoting osteogenesis are proposed. Such a summary can lay the foundation for the clinical practice of functionalized electrospun nanofibers.

Based on a new pyrazole sulfonate synthetic method, a novel class of molecules with a basic structure of pyrazole N-aryl sulfonate have been designed and synthesized. The interest in conducting intensive research stems from quite evident anti-inflammatory effects exhibited by the compounds in preliminary animal experiments. A series of compounds were synthesized by different substitutions of the R1, R2, and R3 groups. Within the series, 4-iodophenyl 5-methyl-3-(p-tolyl)-1H-pyrazole-1-sulfonate and phenyl 5-methyl-3-(4-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl)-1H-pyrazole-1-sulfonate exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory activity (% inhibition of auricular edemas = 27.0 and 35.9, respectively); the in vivo analgesic activity of phenyl 5-methyl-3-(p-tolyl)-1H-pyrazole-1-sulfonate and 2-chlorophenyl 5-methyl-3-(p-tolyl)-1H-pyrazole-1-sulfonate was confirmed to be effective (inhibition ratio of writhing = 50.7% and 48.5% separately), and compounds phenyl 5-methyl-3-(p-tolyl)-1H-pyrazole-1-sulfonate , 4-iodophenyl 5-methyl-3-(p-tolyl)-1H-pyrazole-1-sulfonate and 2-chlorophenyl 5-methyl-3-(p-tolyl)-1H-pyrazole-1-sulfonate were identified as selective COX-2 inhibitors (SI = 455, 10,497 and >189 severally). In Acute Oral Toxicity assays conducted in vivo, the lethal dose 50 (LD50) of 4-iodophenyl 5-methyl-3-(p-tolyl)-1H-pyrazole-1-sulfonate and 2-chlorophenyl 5-methyl-3-(p-tolyl)-1H-pyrazole-1-sulfonate to mice was >2000 mg/kg BW.

Various drought indices have been developed to monitor drought conditions. Each index has typical characteristics that make it applicable to a specific environment. In this study, six popular drought indices, namely, precipitation condition index (PCI), temperature condition index (TCI), vegetation condition index (VCI), vegetation health index (VHI), scaled drought condition index (SDCI), and temperature−vegetation dryness index (TVDI), have been used to monitor droughts in the Greater Changbai Mountains(GCM) in recent years. The spatial pattern and temporal trend of droughts in this area in the period 2001−2018 were explored by calculating these indices from multi-source remote sensing data. Significant spatial−temporal variations were identified. The results of a slope analysis along with the F-statistic test showed that up to 20% of the study area showed a significant increasing or decreasing trend in drought. It was found that some drought indices cannot be explained by meteorological observations because of the time lag between meteorological drought and vegetation response. The drought condition and its changing pattern differ from various land cover types and indices, but the relative drought situation of different landforms is consistent among all indices. This work provides a basic reference for reasonably choosing drought indices for monitoring drought in the GCM to gain a better understanding of the ecosystem conditions and environment.

The theoretical analysis for fabricating nanotubes from self-curling of nanofilms due to intrinsic surface stress imbalance was given in this paper. A nanofilm was curled into a nanotube along tangential direction, while the other in-plane direction (cylindrical direction) was only elongated but wasn’t curled or bent. Film bending behavior is usually described by using Stoney formula, but the Poisson’s effect of cylindrical direction should be considered for describing mechanical behavior of curling up phenomenon. Stoney formula assumes that the surface stress is isotropic and the bending is also isotropic, but the shape of nanotube is anisotropic. On the other hand, surface effects and symmetry lowering effect strongly affect the mechanical properties of nonafilms. Here, we gave a more accurate curling theory by including surface stress, surface elasticity, symmetry lowering and Poisson’s effect of cylindrical direction.

In this study, we monitored hourly changes in sea surface salinity (SSS) in turbid coastal waters from geostationary satellite ocean color images for the first time, using the Bohai Sea as a case study. We developed a simple multi-linear statistical regression model to retrieve SSS data from Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) based on an in situ satellite matched-up dataset (R2 = 0.795; N = 41; Range: 26.4 to 31.9 psμ). The model was then validated using independent continuous SSS measurements from buoys, with the average percentage difference of 0.65%. The model was applied to GOCI images from the dry season during an astronomical tide to characterize hourly changes in SSS in the Bohai Sea. We found that the model provided reasonable estimates of the hourly changes in SSS and that trends in the modeled and measured data were similar in magnitude and direction (0.43 vs 0.33 psμ, R2 = 0.51). There were clear diurnal variations in the SSS of the Bohai Sea, with a regional average of 0.455 ± 0.079 psμ (0.02–3.77 psμ). The magnitude of the diurnal variations in SSS varied spatially, with large diurnal variability in the nearshore, particularly in the estuary, and small variability in the offshore area. The model for the riverine area was based on the inverse correlation between SSS and CDOM absorption. In the offshore area, the water mass of the North Yellow Sea, characterized by high SSS and low CDOM concentrations, dominated. Analysis of the driving mechanisms showed that the tidal current was the main control on hourly changes in SSS in the Bohai Sea.

For the objective of evaluating the contamination degree of heavy metals and analysing its variation trend in soil at a waste electrical and electronic equipment processing area in Shanghai, China, evaluation methods, which include single factor index method, geo-accumulation index method, comprehensive pollution index method, and potential ecological risk index method, were adopted in this study. The results revealed that the soil at a waste electrical and electronic equipment processing area was polluted by arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, zinc, and chromium. It also demonstrated that the concentrations of heavy metals were increased over time. Exceptionally, the average value of the metalloid (arsenic) was 73.31 mg kg