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Oyster and mantis shrimp were used as raw materials to investigate the effects of their compound ratio on the degree of hydrolysis, sensory and color difference, and the volatile flavor components of the best enzymatic hydrolysis products were analyzed. The results showed that: according to the sensory evaluation score, the best compound ratio of oyster and mantis shrimp was 5:1.Under the conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis time of 2h, enzymatic hydrolysis temperature of 55℃, ratio of trypsin to flavourzyme of 3:1, addition amount of 0.7% and pH of 8.0, the umami taste score and degree of hydrolysis of enzymatic hydrolysis products were 5.71 and 28.22% respectively. In the determination of volatile flavor components, 16 volatile flavor components were detected, mainly including 2 alcohols (34.41%), 6 aldehydes (14.64%), 1 ketone (0.31%), 2 esters (0.69%) and 5 alkanes (2.53%).

Oyster and penaeus orientalis were used as raw materials, which were enzymatically hydrolyzed in 5 different ratios, and the optimal mixture ratio was selected according to the degree of hydrolysis and sensory score. Then the volatile components and amino acid composition of the mixture were analysed. The results showed that the optimal ratio of oyster and penaeus orientalis was 5:1, the sensory score was 70.7, and the degree of hydrolysis was 24.88%. Combined with the indicators of degree of hydrolysis and sensory score, the optimal ratio of oyster and penaeus orientalis was 5:1, and 28 kinds of compounds were identified in this mixture hydrolysate.

In order to obtain high quality flavor base materials for aquatic products, oyster and Acetes chinensis were hydrolyzed by compound protease (trypsin and flavourzyme). Under the same enzymolysis conditions (enzymolysis time 2 h, pH 8.0, temperature 55 ℃), the effects of oyster and Acetes chinensis compound ratio on the degree of hydrolysis, sensory score and volatile components of the hydrolysate were investigated. The results showed that under the same enzymolysis conditions, the quality of the enzymolysis solution was the best when the ratio of oyster and Acetes chinensis was 5:1. The degree of hydrolysis was 24.98%, and the sensory score was 67.7. Nineteen compounds were identified from the volatile flavor components, including four aldehydes (16.79 %), two alcohols (36.68 %), two esters (0.42 %), four ketones (2.24 %), six hydrocarbons (2%), one heterocyclic classes (0.2 %).

The reduction in habitat quality (as shown, in part, by the increase in habitat rarity) is an important challenge when protecting the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey. We used the InVEST model to quantitatively analyze the dynamic changes in the habitat of the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey from 1975 to 2022. The results show that in the study period, the degree of habitat degradation increased, with the degradation range at its widest in the south, and the degradation intensity highest in the north, especially along a center “spine” area in the north. Over the latter part of the study period, the habitat quality of most monkey groups improved, which is conducive to the survival and reproduction of the population. However, the habitat quality and monkey populations are still at significant risk. The results provide the basis for formulating the protection of the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey and provide research cases for the protection of other endangered species.

Background The intestinal microbiota and metabolites play an important role in human health and immunity. However, few studies have investigated the long-term effects of stachyose on the human intestinal microbiota and metabolism. Therefore, in this study, the feces of infants were transplanted into germ-free mice, and the effect of long-term stachyose intake on intestinal metabolism was examined by comparing the results of microbiome and metabolome analyses. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was used to study the effects of stachyose intake on the metabolites and metabolic pathways of the transplanted human intestinal microbiota. Results We observed that stachyose significantly altered the composition of the intestinal microbiota and metabolites, up-regulated production of the metabolite taurocholic acid, down-regulated amino acid metabolism, and significantly regulated the metabolism of taurine and hydroxytaurine, pantothenate and coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis, and other signaling pathways. Conclusion These findings may provide a basis for elucidating the mechanism by which stachyose promotes host health. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.

This study aimed to investigate whether combining furosemide with standard hydration therapy results in increased preventive effects on contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) following coronary angiography (CA) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Patients (n = 230) were enrolled in the study and were randomized to the furosemide group or the control group. Patients in the furosemide group received 0.2 to 0.5 mg/kg of furosemide as a continuous intravenous infusion for 24 hours postoperatively and the same standard hydration regimen received by the control group. Blood samples were obtained 24 hours before and 48 hours after the procedure and urine volume was recorded postprocedure. Patients were followed up for an average of 6 months after the procedure. The incidence of CI-AKI in the furosemide group was significantly lower than that in the control group (8.7% vs 18.3%, P = .034). Multivariate logistic regression showed that age-glomerular filtration rate-ejection fraction score and V/estimated glomerular filtration rate ratio were independent risk factors for CI-AKI. During the average 6-month follow-up, incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in the furosemide group was also significantly lower. Furosemide combined with standard hydration therapy may reduce the incidence of CI-AKI and MACEs following CA or PCI.

Objective: The incidence of gastric cancer is declining in parts of Asia including China. This study was designed to investigate the incidence and mortality trend of gastric cancer in different regions and ethnic groups in Xining of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Methods: Data of gastric cancer from January 2009 to December 2016 were collected from Disease Control Center in Xining for repeated cross-sectional study. Primary outcome measures: Gastric cancer. Participants: Xining resident population with pathological diagnosis of gastric cancer. Main outcome measure: Age, gender composition ratio, morbidity, mortality and trends. Results: There were 4822 new cases of gastric cancer from 2009 to 2016, including 3583 males and 1239 females; 2290 cases were in villages and 2532 in towns. Male incidence rate (38.37/100,000) was higher than female (13.35/100,000). The incidence in rural areas (39.29/100,000) was higher than in urban areas (20.59/100,000). During 2009-2016, there were 2109 gastric cancer deaths in Xining, 1543 in males and 566 in females. There were 1185 cases in villages and 924 in cities. Male mortality (16.64/100,000) was higher than female (6.42/100,000). The mortality rate in rural areas (20.40/100,000) was higher than in urban areas (7.62/100,000). Conclusion: Overall morbidity and mortality rates of gastric cancer are on the rise in Xining. Male morbidity and mortality rates are higher than female ones, and rural areas are higher than urban areas.

To study the genetic characters of leaf variation in Ziziphus jujuba Mill., a 201-seedling natural crossing population was constructed with Z. jujuba ‘Dongzao’ and Z. jujuba ‘Jinsi 4’. The progeny seedlings were genotyped and their male parents were identified using 8 SSR loci. After genotyping by Cervus 3.0, 84 alleles were detected in the population, with an average allele number of 10.5 and an average observed heterozygosity of 0.801. From the alleles, 111 individuals (55.5% of the total number of progeny) were identified as the progeny of ‘Jinsi 4’ with a confidence interval of 95%, and no progeny resulting from self-pollination of ‘Dongzao’ was detected. Leaves of the ‘Jinsi 4’ progeny were characterized based on leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, specific leaf weight and chlorophyll content. Leaf area gradually decreased, and the average size of progeny leaves was smaller than that of the parents’ leaves; in fact, the leaf area of almost none of the progeny exceeded that of the parents. The leaf phenotypic characters conformed to a normal distribution. Specifically, the h2 of leaf area was as high as 0.9, and the h2 of leaf length, leaf width, chlorophyll content and leaf index exceeded 0.85. This study demonstrated the law of separation and variation in the leaves of hybrid progenies and provided a reference for constructing a genetic map with quantitative trait loci and selecting superior progenies.

The lifetime of G. biloba is very long, and its growth is relatively slow. However, little is known about growth-related genes in this species. We combined mRNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) with bulked segregant analysis (BSA) to fine map significant agronomic trait genes by developing polymorphism molecular markers at the transcriptome level. In this study, transcriptome sequencing of high growth (GD) and low growth (BD) samples of G. biloba half-sib families was performed. After assembling the clean reads, 601 differential expression genes were detected and 513 of them were assigned functional annotations. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis identified SNPs associated with 119 genes in the GD and BD groups; 58 of these genes were annotated. Two Homeobox-leucine zipper protein genes were up-regulated in the GD group compared with the BD group; therefore, these are very likely related to high growth of G. biloba. This study provides molecular level data that could be used for seed selection of high growth G. biloba half-sib families for future breeding programs.

In this paper, chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/n-HA) were synthesized by ultrasound-assisted precipitation combined with inverse crosslinking-emulsion method. In order to obtain a scaffold material with excellent properties, Calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH) were combined with CS-HA obtained CSH/CS/n-HA composite scaffold via setting citric acid as solidifying liquid, which possessed better biodegradability, bioactivity, mechanical properties. The physicochemical, morphological properties of scaffolds were characterized by FTIR, XRD and TFSEM. In addition, explored were the mechanical, degradable, biocompatibility and iron release properties. The mechanical strength study indicated that the compressive strength of the porous composite scaffold was influenced by adding an appropriate amount of CS/n-HA composite microspheres. It was proved that the composite scaffold with 6% CS/n-HA content obtained the highest mechanical strength (17.46±1.29 MPa). The results illustrated that the composite scaffold possessed biodegradability and can form hydroxyapatite by dynamic balance of Ca and P elements. The hemolysis tests demonstrate that materials are non-hemolytic and have good blood compatibility. Therefore, the developed composite scaffolds are safe medical inorganic materials, which can potentially be applied in bone tissue engineering.

Additional file 1:. PRISMA 2009 Checklist.

Objective To evaluates the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban versus aspirin in prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) following total hip (THA) or knee arthroplasty (TKA) or hip fracture surgery. Methods Major databases were systematically searched for all relevant studies published in English up to October 2020. The meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software. Results In total, 7 studies were retrieved which contained 5133 patients. Among these patients, 2605 patients (50.8%) received rivaroxaban, whereas 2528 patients (49.2%) received aspirin. There were no statistical difference between aspirin and rivaroxaban for reducing VTE (RR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.50–1.11, I2 = 36%, p = 0.15), major bleeding (RR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.45–2.37, I2 = 21%, p = 0.95), and all-cause mortality (RR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.12–6.44, I2 = 0%, p = 0.90) between the two groups. Compared with aspirin, rivaroxaban significantly increased nonmajor bleeding (RR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.05–1.58, I2 = 0%, p = 0.02). Conclusion There was no significant difference between aspirin and rivaroxaban in prevention of venous thromboembolism following total joint arthroplasty or hip fracture surgery. Aspirin may be an effective, safe, convenient, and cheap alternative for prevention of VTE. Further large randomized studies are required to confirm these findings.

Background and ObjectivesTriglyceride-glucose (TyG) is an emerging vital indicator of insulin resistance and is associated with increased risk of T2DM and cardiovascular events. We aimed to explore the TyG index and contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) in patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent coronary angiology.MethodsThis study enrolled 928 patients with suspected coronary artery disease who underwent coronary angiology or percutaneous coronary intervention in Zhongda hospital. Patient data were divided into quartiles according to the TyG index: group 1: TyG ≤ 8.62; group 2: 8.629.45. CI-AKI was diagnosed according to the KIDIGO criteria. Demographic data, hematological parameters, coronary angiology data, and medications were all recorded. We calculated the TyG index using the following formula: ln [fasting TG (mg/dL)×FPG (mg/dL)/2].ResultsPatients who developed CI-AKI exhibited significantly higher TyG index levels compared to patients who did not develop CI-AKI. The incidence of CI-AKI sharply increased with increasing TyG. Univariate and multivariate analysis identified TyG as an independent risk factor for CI-AKI. The AUC of the ROC curve was as high as 0.728 when the value of TyG was 8.88. The corresponding sensitivity was as high as 94.9%. Adding the variable TyG to the model for predicting CI-AKI risk further increased the predictive value of the model from 80.4% to 82%.ConclusionsHigh TyG is closely associated with increased incidence of CI-AKI, demonstrating that TyG is an independent risk factor for CI-AKI. TyG has potentially predictive value for CI-AKI and may play a crucial role in risk stratification in clinical practice.

Water availability is a crucial factor affecting fruit quality and productivity. A period of mild drought stress can increase fruit sweetness and improve fruit quality. However, the mechanism underlying the transcriptional regulation in Chinese jujube under water deficit conditions remains relatively uncharacterized. In this study, we analyzed the protein and sugar contents, the average weight, and transcript expression (RNA sequencing) of jujube fruit at different ripening stages (i.e., white mature and half-red fruit) under mild and severe water deficit conditions. The sucrose and protein contents increased significantly under water deficit conditions. The increase in water deficit stress from mild to severe did not significantly alter the sugar accumulation, but it decreased the average fruit weight. The sugar- and amino acid-related pathways, flavonoid biosynthesis, xyloglucan metabolism, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were affected by water deficit stress. Gene co-expression analyses identified many ABA- and ethylene-related genes with expression levels modulated by water deficit conditions, especially in the half-red stage. Additionally, we identified the key genes affecting fruit sugars, pigments, cell wall polysaccharides, and phenylpropanoids, which influence fruit quality. Notably, genes related to sugar transporters rather than sugar metabolism contributed to the sucrose accumulation. Flavonoid synthesis-related gene expression contributed to the earlier coloration of the stressed fruit than of the control fruit. Severe water deficit stress up-regulated the expression of pectinesterase and endotransglucosylase/hydrolase genes, which accelerated fruit ripening and softening. Regarding the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, the exposure to mild water deficit stress promoted the synthesis of secondary metabolites useful to humans (e.g., coniferin and syringin), whereas the severe water deficit treatment increased lignin accumulation. Considered together, these findings revealed the transcriptional regulatory mechanism that improved jujube fruit quality under mild drought conditions. Furthermore, the results of this study may be useful for optimizing the irrigation during jujube cultivation.

The genetic diversity of 30 Ginkgo biloba half-sib families was analyzed using an amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique. Eight AFLP primers pairs were used for DNA amplification and a total of 1727 bands were obtained, all of which were polymorphic. Half-sib families from the middle and eastern regions of China had a lower level of genetic diversity than those from the southern, western, and northern regions. Analysis of molecular variance indicated that the 30 G. biloba half-sib families had large genetic differentiations; 73.7% of genetic variations were mainly from variations within the families, the remaining 26.3% was attributed to variations among the families. A genetic cluster analysis of the 30 G. biloba half-sib families based on Nei’s genetic distance divided them into two groups; one group was distributed mainly in the middle, southern, and southwest regions of China while the other was mainly in northern, middle, eastern, and western regions. On the basis of these results, we propose a strategy for the selection of improved varieties of G. biloba half-sib families and the zoning of the improved varieties on a national scale.

The Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill., 2n = 2x = 24), one of the most popular fruit trees in Asia, is widely cultivated and utilized in China, where it is traditionally consumed as both a fresh and dried food resource. A high-density genetic map can provide the necessary framework for quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses and map-based gene cloning and molecular breeding. In this study, we constructed a new high-density genetic linkage map via a genotyping-by-sequencing approach. For the consensus linkage map, a total of 3,792 markers spanning 2,167.5 cM were mapped onto 12 linkage groups, with an average marker interval distance of 0.358 cM. The genetic map anchored 301 Mb (85.7%) of scaffolds from the sequenced Z. jujuba “Junzao” genome. Based on this genetic map, 30 potential QTLs were detected, including 27 QTLs for leaf traits and 3 QTLs for needling length. This high-density genetic map and the identified QTLs for relevant agronomic traits lay the groundwork for functional genetic mapping, map-based cloning, and marker-assisted selection in jujube.

Nano-hydroxyapatite(nHAp) powders were prepared by chemical precipitation method using Ca(NO3)2·4H2O and (NH4)2HPO4 as raw materials and deionized water as solvent. To investigate the influence of ageing time on the preparation of nano HAp powder by changing the ageing time. And the composition and appearance of the samples were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). With the longer ageing time, the samples gradually became sphere-like crystals and the crystallization degree were better.

A novel endospore-based microbial method for "post-additional" antioxidant capacity assay was developed. The technique was based on oxidation and catalysis of the 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) by Bacillus subtilis 168 endospores in the presence of dissolved oxygen. Coat protein A (CotA), which belongs to the endospore coat, was expressed, purified, and assessed for its ability to oxidize ABTS into the ABTS(•+) radical cation. The wild-type endospore necessary for oxidizing ABTS into ABTS(•+) radical cation was confirmed by knocking out the cotA gene from B. subtilis 168 by homologous double exchange. Findings revealed that the catalytic activity of the endospores may be attributed to the presence of the CotA protein. The use of endospores instead of purified enzymes to prepare ABTS(•+) greatly reduced the assay cost and eliminated the need to purify and store of enzymes. The self-life of the radical cation was kept stable for at least 12 days without addition of a stabilizer and laccase inhibitor. This behavior enables the large-scale preparation of ABTS(•+). The antioxidant capacities of the individual antioxidants and fruit samples were easily quantified and compared using the proposed method. The developed technique can be further developed as a high-throughput screening technique for antioxidants.

In plants, sex determination is a comprehensive process of correlated events, which involves genes that are differentially and/or specifically expressed in distinct developmental phases. Exploring gene expression profiles from different sex types will contribute to fully understanding sex determination in plants. In this study, we conducted RNA-sequencing of female and male buds (FB and MB) as well as ovulate strobilus and staminate strobilus (OS and SS) of Ginkgo biloba to gain insights into the genes potentially related to sex determination in this species. Approximately 60 Gb of clean reads were obtained from eight cDNA libraries. De novo assembly of the clean reads generated 108,307 unigenes with an average length of 796 bp. Among these unigenes, 51,953 (47.97%) had at least one significant match with a gene sequence in the public databases searched. A total of 4709 and 9802 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in MB vs. FB and SS vs. OS, respectively. Genes involved in plant hormone signal and transduction as well as those encoding DNA methyltransferase were found to be differentially expressed between different sex types. Their potential roles in sex determination of G. biloba were discussed. Pistil-related genes were expressed in male buds while anther-specific genes were identified in female buds, suggesting that dioecism in G. biloba was resulted from the selective arrest of reproductive primordia. High correlation of expression level was found between the RNA-Seq and quantitative real-time PCR results. The transcriptome resources that we generated allowed us to characterize gene expression profiles and examine differential expression profiles, which provided foundations for identifying functional genes associated with sex determination in G. biloba.

This paper reports the design and analysis of a novel pyramidal horn antenna based on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology, which is used in terahertz (THz) applications. The structure of the antenna includes two parts, pyramidal horn structure and rectangle waveguide for feed, the fabrication of the structure needs only one wafer, and the antenna can be easily integrated with other parts of on-chip circuits. There are many tunable parameters of the horn, so that high performance THz antenna can be achieved by optimizing these parameters. The proposed antenna can be manufactured by MEMS processing with low fabrication cost, suitable for many terahertz systems.

The basic framework for reactive ancillary services under power market that views the reactive power as a compensatory consumption is investigated in this paper. In the given scenarios the Distributed Generators (DGs) are motivated and utilized as sources of reactive power and optimizing the overall distribution operation which takes into account the costs of reactive power delivery. The basic framework for reactive ancillary services under power market that views the reactive power as a compensatory consumption is investigated in this paper. In the given scenarios the Distributed Generators (DGs) are motivated and utilized as sources of reactive power and optimizing the overall distribution operation which takes into account the costs of reactive power delivery. The case indicated that the model proposed can reduce the loss of the lines and the cost of reactive power and improve the voltage profile in distribution network.

Interconnection parasitic capacitance is the dominant delay and noise source in modern integrated circuits. This paper presents a test structure and a characterization method based on charge based capacitance measurement technique. The method could be implemented to study the variability of physical parameters such as interlayer dielectric (ILD) thickness and interconnect drawn width reduction, which can in turn be used in process/device modeling for design-for-manufacturing applications.