Search

Abstract. Background:. Previous research demonstrated that a homozygous mutation of g.136372044G>A (S12N) in caspase recruitment domain family member 9 (CARD9) is critical for producing Aspergillus fumigatus-induced (Af-induced) T helper 2 (TH2)-mediated responses in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). However, it remains unclear whether the CARD9S12N mutation, especially the heterozygous occurrence, predisposes the host to ABPA. Methods:. A total of 61 ABPA patients and 264 controls (including 156 healthy controls and 108 asthma patients) were recruited for sequencing the CARD9 locus to clarify whether patients with this heterozygous single-nucleotide polymorphisms are predisposed to the development of ABPA. A series of in vivo and in vitro experiments, such as quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, and RNA isolation and quantification, were used to illuminate the involved mechanism of the disease. Results:. The presence of the p.S12N mutation was associated with a significant risk of ABPA in ABPA patients when compared with healthy controls and asthma patients, regardless of Aspergillus sensitivity. Relative to healthy controls without relevant allergies, the mutation of p.S12N was associated with a significant risk of ABPA (OR: 2.69 and 4.17 for GA and AA genotypes, P = 0.003 and 0.029, respectively). Compared with patients with asthma, ABPA patients had a significantly higher heterozygous mutation (GA genotype), indicating that p.S12N might be a significant ABPA-susceptibility locus (aspergillus sensitized asthma: OR: 3.02, P = 0.009; aspergillus unsensitized asthma: OR: 2.94, P = 0.005). The mutant allele was preferentially expressed in ABPA patients with heterozygous CARD9S12N, which contributes to its functional alterations to facilitate Af-induced TH2-mediated ABPA development. In terms of mechanism, Card9 wild-type (Card9WT) expression levels decreased significantly due to Af-induced decay of its messenger RNA compared to the heterozygous Card9S12N. In addition, ABPA patients with heterozygous CARD9S12N had increased Af-induced interleukin-5 production. Conclusion:. Our study provides the genetic evidence showing that the heterozygous mutation of CARD9S12N, followed by allele expression imbalance of CARD9S12N, facilitates the development of ABPA.

The World Health Organization has identified high-priority target product profiles for new TB diagnostics which include rapid biomarker-based, non-sputum-based diagnostic testing, using an easily accessible sample. The Cepheid 3-gene Host Response Fingerstick Blood Prototype Test (MTB-HR) quantifies relative mRNA levels of a 3-gene signature (GBP5, DUSP3, and KLF2) from a whole-blood sample on the GeneXpert platform. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the performance of the MTB-HR to distinguish between active tuberculosis (ATB), latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI), other pulmonary diseases, and healthy volunteers at a tertiary care centre. Among 653 participants enrolled in this study, 192 were diagnosed as having ATB, and the remaining 461 were classified as non-ATB, including 137 cases of LTBI, 224 cases of other pulmonary diseases, and 100 healthy volunteers. The corresponding AUCs of the MTB-HR in distinguishing untreated ATB from non-ATB, LTBI, other pulmonary diseases, and healthy volunteers were 0.814 (95% CI, 0.760-0.868, sensitivity 76.1%, specificity 71.6%), 0.739 (95% CI, 0.667-0.812, sensitivity 59.7%, specificity 78.1%), 0.825 (95% CI, 0.770-0.880, sensitivity 82.1%, specificity 65.6%), 0.892 (95% CI, 0.839-0.945, sensitivity 76.1%, specificity 88.0%), respectively. When only samples with TAT of less than 1 h were included, the AUC of the MTB-HR in distinguishing untreated ATB from non-ATB was largest, 0.920 (95% CI, 0.822-1.000, sensitivity 81.3%, specificity 87.7%). In conclusion, the MTB-HR assay shows potential as a rapid, blood-based screening and triage test for ATB, especially for untreated ATB, with the advantage of increased diagnostic yield since blood is more readily available.

Albinism is a unique problem encountered in tissue culture experiments, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear in most bamboo species. In this study, we identified the putative regulatory genes in an albino mutant of Bambusa oldhamii using comparative physiology and transcriptome analysis. The degeneration of chloroplasts, low chlorophyll (Chl) content and reduced photosynthetic capacity were observed in albinotic B. oldhamii compared to normal lines. A total of 6191 unigenes were identified that were clearly differentially expressed between albino and normal lines by transcriptome sequencing. Most genes related to chloroplast development (such as Psa, Psb) and pigment biosynthesis (such as LHC, GUN4, ZEP) were downregulated significantly in albinotic lines, which might be responsible for the albino phenotype. Moreover, some transcription factors (TFs) such as PIF and GLK1 were identified to be involved in chloroplast development and Chl synthesis, indicating the involvement of putative regulatory pathways PIF-LHC and GLK1-LHC/Psa/Psb in albinotic B. oldhamii. Finally, the downregulation of some stress responsive TFs (like ICE1 and EREB1) suggested a reduction in stress resistance of albinotic B. oldhamii. The above findings provided new insights into the molecular mechanism of albinism in bamboo.

Abstract Background Hypertension is a worldwide public health problem. We sought to examine the interactive associations among sodium intake, alcohol consumption and hypertension among older adult residents of Inner Mongolia in northern China. Methods This cross-sectional study used data from the National Survey for Nutrition and Adult Chronic Disease in Inner Mongolia. The prevalence of hypertension was age standardized by the direct method. Sodium intake and alcohol consumption were estimated using a weighing method and 24-h recalls on 3 consecutive days. Hypertension was either self-reported or field-measured. Participants were categorized into six subgroups according to combinations of sodium intake status and drinking level. Logistic regression was used to determine the interactive effect of sodium intake and drinking on hypertension. Results Of the 820 older adults who participated in this study, 523 (63.80%, age-standardized rate = 62.33%) had been diagnosed with hypertension. The mean sodium intake was 4.88 g. Sodium intake and drinking excessively were both independently related to higher risk of hypertension. A formal test for a multiplicative interaction between sodium intake and drinking revealed a significant interaction (p = 0.042), and the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) for the interaction was 1.1 (1.0–1.3). After adjusting for confounders, compared with moderate sodium intake and no drinking group, the risk of hypertension was highest among those with both excessive sodium intake and excessive alcohol consumption, with an odds ratio of 3.6 (95% CI: 1.7–7.9). Conclusions The study highlights the interactive effect of sodium intake and alcohol consumption on hypertension. Primary health care providers should pay special attention to older adults with hypertension—especially those with an unhealthy diet including both excessive sodium and excessive alcohol intake. These findings are applicable for older adults in Inner Mongolia and worldwide.

Somatic mmbryogenesis receptor-like kinase (SERK) is a kind of protein kinase widely distributed in plants. It plays a vital role in regulating plant immunity and responses to abiotic stress. The SERK gene family has not been systematically studied in moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis). In this study, we identified six PeSERK genes and classified them into four groups in moso bamboo. PeSERKs of each group shared a highly similar distribution of conserved domains. Cis-element analysis indicated that many stress and hormone response elements are distributed on the promoters of PeSERKs. Moreover, we analyzed the chromosomal locations and synteny of PeSERKs. A collinear gene pair, PeSERK1 and PeSERK3, shared a high similarity, 93%, and the expression analysis showed similar expression patterns. Compared to PeSERK3, PeSERK1 had a higher expression in all tissues examined and all stages of shoot development. PeSERK3 was expressed mainly in leaf sheaths but with a low expression in other tissues. The expressions of PeSERKs were analyzed in seedlings under abiotic and hormone treatments using qRT-PCR. Except for PeSERK1 and PeSERK3, the expressions of most genes were downregulated or had no big difference at 0 h of drought treatment. Under drought treatment, PeSERK1 and PeSERK3 had a similar expression trend of increasing first and then decreasing. However, the expression level of PeSERK3 was higher than PeSERK1 after 3 h of drought treatment. PeSERK3 might play a more vital role in the drought stress response than PeSERK1. This study provides a theoretical basis for the further study of the SERK response to stress conditions in moso bamboo.

Abstract Background Obesity is a major risk factor for the global burden of disease in countries that are economically developed or not. This study aimed to investigate the association between diet quality and obesity indicators applying DASH and aMed. Methods This cross-sectional study on adult nutrition and chronic disease in Inner Mongolia (n = 1320). Dietary data were collected using 24-h diet recall for 3 consecutive days and weighing method. DASH and aMed were used to assess the dietary quality. WC, BMI and WC-BMI were used as obesity indicators. Logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between diet quality and obesity indicators. Results Higher diet quality, assessed by DASH, was only associated with WC. The odds ratio (OR) for abdominal obesity in the highest tertile of DASH scores compared with the lowest was 0.71 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53, 0.96; P trend = 0.03). Furthermore, aMed was inversely associated with obesity indicators. OR for abdominal obesity in the highest tertile of aMed score compared with the lowest were 0.63 (95% CI 0.47, 0.87; P trend = 0.005) and 0.57 (95% CI 0.41, 0.77; P trend = 0.02) for overweight and obesity, respectively, and 0.60 (95% CI 0.44, 0.81; P trend = 0.02) for high obesity risk. Conclusions Our findings suggest that dietary quality assessed using aMed is more closely associated with obesity than assessment using DASH in working-age adults in Inner Mongolia. The Mediterranean diet can be recommended as a healthy diet to control weight.

Objectives: This study investigated the relationship of socioeconomic status (SES), diet quality and overweight and obesity in adults aged 40–59 years in Inner Mongolia.Methods: This cross-sectional study was based on the survey of Chronic Disease and Nutrition Monitoring in Adults in Inner Mongolia in 2015. Diet quality was evaluated by the Alternate Mediterranean Diet score (aMeds). SES was measured by household annual income. Generalized estimating equations and path analysis were performed to determine the association of SES, diet quality and overweight and obesity.Results: Among participants, 63.0% had overweight and obesity. In high SES group, 66.4% had overweight and obesity. Higher SES was associated with a higher risk of overweight and obesity (OR = 1.352, 95%CI: 1.020–1.793). And higher aMeds was associated with a lower risk of overweight and obesity (OR = 0.597, 95%CI: 0.419–0.851). There was a positive correlation between SES and the intake of red and processed meat (r = 0.132, p < 0.05). Higher intake of red and processed meat was associated with lower diet quality (β = −0.34). And lower diet quality was associated with a higher risk of overweight and obesity (β = −0.10).Conclusion: In Inner Mongolia, during the period of economic transition, people aged 40–59 years in high SES had poor diet quality, which was related to a higher risk of overweight and obesity.

Developmental programmed cell death (dPCD) has multiple functions in plant growth and development, and is of great value for industrial production. Among them, wood formed by xylem dPCD is one of the most widely used natural materials. Therefore, it is crucial to explore the molecular mechanism of plant dPCD. The dPCD process is tightly regulated by genetic networks and is involved in the transduction of signaling molecules. Several key regulators have been identified in diverse organisms and individual PCD events. However, complex molecular networks controlling plant dPCD remain highly elusive, and the original triggers of this process are still unknown. This review summarizes the recent progress on the transcriptional regulation and signaling of dPCD during vegetative and reproductive development. It is hoped that this review will provide an overall view of the molecular regulation of dPCD in different developmental processes in plants and identify specific mechanisms for regulating these dPCD events. In addition, the application of plants in industrial production can be improved by manipulating dPCD in specific processes, such as xylogenesis.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the quantitative changes and diagnostic performance of volumetric capnography (VCap) parameters in patients with cough variant asthma. METHODS: This cross-sectional study enrolled 31 patients with cough variant asthma and 30 patients with chronic cough without asthma between November 2010 and March 2012. VCap measurements were recorded at baseline, during the five steps of the histamine challenge, and after bronchodilation with salbutamol. They were then compared between the baseline and histamine challenge, and between the two groups. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed for different VCap measurements. RESULTS: The slope of phase III (dc\dv3) and the ratio of phase III slope to phase II slope (SR23%) decreased from baseline upon challenge with 1.1 mg histamine in cough variant asthma patients but increased in patients with chronic cough without asthma. Additionally, the change upon challenge with 1.1 mg histamine in dc\dv3 from baseline (S6-S1dc\dv3) in cough variant asthma patients had the largest area under the curve (AUC) (0.814, 95% CI: 0.697-0.931; p

Introduction Currently, 40.7% of women in China are exposed daily to secondhand smoke (SHS); however, research on SHS exposure among women in Inner Mongolia is limited. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of SHS exposure, knowledge about the harms of smoking and SHS, and the association between sociodemographic factors and SHS exposure among never-smoking women in Inner Mongolia, Northern China. Methods This study was based on a survey of chronic disease and nutrition conducted among Chinese adults in Inner Mongolia during 2015, a cross-sectional study with multi-stage stratified cluster sampling. A total 2293 never-smoking women aged ≥18 years were included in the study. Face-to-face interviews were used to collect data of sociodemographic characteristics, SHS exposure, and related knowledge. Questionnaires were administered by trained investigators, and the reliability and validity of the questionnaires were high. We performed descriptive analysis and logistic regression. All analyses were performed by IBM SPSS Statistics version 19.0. Results Of the total, 69% of young women in Inner Mongolia in 2015 reported that they were exposed to SHS, the highest rate in comparison with older and middle-aged women. A total 49.90% of young women reported being exposed to SHS every day. Respondents had insufficient knowledge regarding smoking and SHS exposure. Compared with older never-smoking women, their young counterparts had a higher risk of SHS exposure, with an odds ratio of 2.143 (95% CI: 1.647–2.787). Education level and ethnicity were also significantly associated with SHS exposure. Conclusions This study showed that the highest rates of SHS exposure were among young never-smoking women in Inner Mongolia, and women with high education levels were less likely to be exposed to SHS. Improved public health information is needed that prioritizes SHS exposure among young women in Inner Mongolia. Health education regarding SHS exposure should be widely implemented throughout communities in this region.

By both the Charpy V-notched impact and the projectile tests, we here investigated the dynamic fracture behavior of a recently developed ultrastrong lightweight steel comprising a hierarchical martensitic matrix, dispersed ultra-fine-retained austenite grains and oriented δ-ferrite lamellas, the latter being due to high Al and Si contents employed for low-density design. This steel shows a superior combination of specific ultimate tensile strength and impact toughness to other ultrastrong steels and has successfully arrested a real steel-cored bullet shot. These are attributed to the densely textured δ-ferrite lamellas that can deflect the propagating cracks until they are trapped and enclosed besides austenite-to-martensite transformation crack closure, leading to more energy consumed before failure. These results suggest a new pathway for toughening ultrastrong lightweight steels.

Abstract Variations in parameters associated with the ambient environment can introduce noise in soft, body-worn sensors. For example, many piezoresistive pressure sensors exhibit a high degree of sensitivity to fluctuations in temperature, thereby requiring active compensation strategies. The research presented here addresses this challenge with a multilayered 3D microsystem design that integrates four piezoresistive sensors in a full-Wheatstone bridge configuration. An optimized layout of the sensors relative to the neutral mechanical plane leads to both an insensitivity to temperature and an increased sensitivity to pressure, relative to previously reported devices that rely on similar operating principles. Integrating this 3D pressure sensor into a soft, flexible electronics platform yields a system capable of real-time, wireless measurements from the surface of the skin. Placement above the radial and carotid arteries yields high-quality waveforms associated with pulsatile blood flow, with quantitative correlations to blood pressure. The results establish the materials and engineering aspects of a technology with broad potential in remote health monitoring.

Al–Si coated 22MnB5 steel is a lightweight material that helps significantly reduce vehicle weight and fuel consumption. In this article, the effect of different oscillation frequencies on the fraction of α-ferrite, the cross-sectional shape, microstructure and mechanical properties of laser welded Al–Si coated 22MnB5 steel was investigated. The results showed that after stamping, the fraction of α-ferrite in the fusion zone can be significantly reduced from 47.9% to 2.2% by oscillating laser beam welding compared to static laser beam welding with oscillation frequency and amplitude equal to zero. When the oscillating frequency was increased from 0 to 320 Hz, the cross-sectional shape of the weld changed from “X'' to “Y'', and the tensile strength and elongation of the welded joint was firstly increased and then decreased from the minimum value of (426.45HV, 1159.92 MPa, 1.14%) to the maximum value of (476.98HV, 1521.39 MPa and 2.76%). The formation of α-ferrite along the strip distribution near the upper surface of the fusion zone of static laser beam welding and oscillating laser beam welding after hot stamping, which led to stress concentration and eventual failure. Under the tensile-shear load, the cracks in the weld of static laser beam welding and oscillating laser beam welding were initiated on the massive α-ferrite location in the top surface of the fusion zone and expanded to the bottom of the weld.

Low modulus materials that can change shape in response to external stimuli are promising for a wide range of applications. The authors here introduce a shape-reprogrammable construct, based on liquid metal microfluidic networks and electromagnetic actuation, that supports a unique collection of capabilities.

Abstract Continued research on the epidermal electronic sensor aims to develop sophisticated platforms that reproduce key multimodal responses in human skin, with the ability to sense various external stimuli, such as pressure, shear, torsion, and touch. The development of such applications utilizes algorithmic interpretations to analyze the complex stimulus shape, magnitude, and various moduli of the epidermis, requiring multiple complex equations for the attached sensor. In this experiment, we integrate silicon piezoresistors with a customized deep learning data process to facilitate in the precise evaluation and assessment of various stimuli without the need for such complexities. With the ability to surpass conventional vanilla deep regression models, the customized regression and classification model is capable of predicting the magnitude of the external force, epidermal hardness and object shape with an average mean absolute percentage error and accuracy of

Abstract Advanced capabilities in noninvasive, in situ monitoring of parameters related to sweat serve as the basis for obtaining real‐time insights into human physiological state, health, and performance. Although recently reported classes of soft, skin‐interfaced microfluidic systems support powerful functions in this context, most are designed as single‐use disposables. As a result, associated waste streams have the potential to create adverse environmental impacts. Here, we introduce materials and fabrication techniques that bypass these concerns through biodegradable microfluidic systems with a full range of features, including measurement of sweat rate and total loss, and colorimetric analysis of biomarkers. The key components fully degrade through the enzymatic action of microorganisms in natural soil environments, or in industrial compost facilities, to yield end products with beneficial uses as fertilizers and species to improve soil health. Detailed characterization of the constituent materials, the fabrication procedures, the assembly processes, and the completed devices reveal a set of essential performance parameters that are comparable to, or even better than, those of non‐degradable counterparts. Human subject studies illustrate the ability of these devices to acquire accurate measurements of sweat loss, sweat rate, pH, and chloride concentration during physical activities and thermal exposures.

Abstract Nutrients play critical roles in maintaining core physiological functions and in preventing diseases. Technologies for delivering these nutrients and for monitoring their concentrations can help to ensure proper nutritional balance. Eccrine sweat is a potentially attractive class of biofluid for monitoring purposes due to the ability to capture sweat easily and noninvasively from nearly any region of the body using skin‐integrated microfluidic technologies. Here, a miniaturized system of this type is presented that allows simple, rapid colorimetric assessments of the concentrations of multiple essential nutrients in sweat, simultaneously and without any supporting electronics – vitamin C, calcium, zinc, and iron. A transdermal patch integrated directly with the microfluidics supports passive, sustained delivery of these species to the body throughout a period of wear. Comparisons of measurement results to those from traditional lab analysis methods demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of this platform. On‐body tests with human subjects reveal correlations between the time dynamics of concentrations of these nutrients in sweat and those of the corresponding concentrations in blood. Studies conducted before and after consuming certain foods and beverages highlight practical capabilities in monitoring nutritional balance, with strong potential to serve as a basis for guiding personalized dietary choices.

Pacing tools that support small animals and can serve as models for pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases are currently not available. Here, the authors report a miniaturized wireless battery-free implantable multimodal and multisite pacemaker that provides unlimited stimulation to test subjects.

The poor hydrophilicity of polyimide (PI) films limits their applications in flexible electronics, such as in wearable and implantable bio-MEMS devices. In this paper, an atmospheric pressure Ar/H2O microplasma jet (μAPPJ) with a nozzle diameter of 100 μm was utilized to site-selectively tune the surface hydrophilicity of a PI film. The electrical and optical characteristics of the μAPPJ were firstly investigated, and the results showed that multi-spikes occurred during the plasma discharge and that diverse reactive species, such as O atoms and OH radicals, were generated in the plasma plume. The physical and chemical properties of pristine and microplasma-modified PI surfaces were characterized by the water contact angle (WCA), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The wettability of the PI surface was significantly enhanced after microplasma modification, and the WCA could be adjusted by varying the applied voltage, water vapor content, plasma treatment time and storage time. The AFM images indicated that the surface roughness increased after the plasma treatment, which partially contributed to an improvement in the surface hydrophilicity. The XPS results showed a reduction in the C content and an increase in the O content, and abundant hydrophilic polar oxygen-containing functional groups were also grafted onto the PI film surface. Finally, the interaction mechanism between the PI molecular chains and the microplasma is discussed. The breaking of C-N and C-O bonds and the grafting of OH radicals were the key pathways to dominate the reaction process.

Flexible and stretchable electronics represent a rapidly growing class of microsystem technologies that are revolutionizing human lives with pioneering applications in digital healthcare, personalized medicine, human–machine interface, and Internet of Things, among others. As an important aspect of smart devices, the on‐demand output capability of flexible/stretchable electronic devices, characterized by stimulation or actuation, enables active feedback and interaction to form a closed‐loop system, in combination with versatile sensing capabilities. This review summarizes some of the most important progresses on the stimulating/actuating capabilities (e.g., electrical, thermal, mechanical, optical, and chemical stimulation) of flexible/stretchable electronics, covering different mechanisms of stimulation and actuation, as well as diverse venues of applications. The stimulating/actuating capabilities in flexible/stretchable electronics play crucial roles in driving both fundamental and applied advances in research, such as medical measurement, biological study, medical therapy, and human–machine interface. Most of the existing flexible/stretchable systems use functional components to fulfill the demand of stimulation and/or actuation, with intricate strategies for system integration. Sustained advances in mechanics design concepts and high‐performance materials are the key to ensuring the evolution of flexible/stretchable electronics with enhanced stimulation and actuation capabilities. Finally, outlooks on the remaining challenges and open opportunities are provided.

Objective and Impact Statement. Real-time monitoring of the temperatures of regional tissue microenvironments can serve as the diagnostic basis for treating various health conditions and diseases. Introduction. Traditional thermal sensors allow measurements at surfaces or at near-surface regions of the skin or of certain body cavities. Evaluations at depth require implanted devices connected to external readout electronics via physical interfaces that lead to risks for infection and movement constraints for the patient. Also, surgical extraction procedures after a period of need can introduce additional risks and costs. Methods. Here, we report a wireless, bioresorbable class of temperature sensor that exploits multilayer photonic cavities, for continuous optical measurements of regional, deep-tissue microenvironments over a timeframe of interest followed by complete clearance via natural body processes. Results. The designs decouple the influence of detection angle from temperature on the reflection spectra, to enable high accuracy in sensing, as supported by in vitro experiments and optical simulations. Studies with devices implanted into subcutaneous tissues of both awake, freely moving and asleep animal models illustrate the applicability of this technology for in vivo measurements. Conclusion. The results demonstrate the use of bioresorbable materials in advanced photonic structures with unique capabilities in tracking of thermal signatures of tissue microenvironments, with potential relevance to human healthcare.

We investigated both the microstructures and tensile properties of 7Mn steel, which was either hot-rolled, warm-rolled or cold-rolled before intercritical annealing at 700 °C for 5 h. It can be concluded that the warm-rolled and annealed microstructures are a kind of mixture of hot rolled and cold rolled ones. They are composed of ferrite and retained austenite, the latter having a wide size distribution and two types of morphologies: equiaxed and lamellar. These retained austenite grains are expected to transform to martensite in a more sustainable way—the warm-rolled and annealed steel exhibits the best combination of ultimate tensile strength and total elongation among the three studied steels and a shorter yield point elongation than the cold-rolled one.

An abstract of the article "Retrospretrospective Analysis and Follow-Up Study on the Clinical and Prognostic Factors of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis ," by Haiwen Lu and colleagues is presented.

An abstract of the article "Diagnostic Analysis of Pulmonary Cryptococcosis in 134 Serum CRAG-Negative Cases," by Kebin Cheng and colleagues is presented.

An abstract of the article "Immunity Status of IPA Patients With Structural Lung Diseases in Chinese Adults," by Shuo Liang and colleagues is presented.