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A rapid filtration test method that predicts malt filtration efficiency has been developed in this research. This rapid filtration test method has an advantage over existing beer filtration tests, as it can be easily operated and there is no need to brew. Six kinds of malts with distinct filtration performance were selected, and the filtration performance was determined by measuring the turbidity of their clarified wort through simple simulation of mashing. The results indicate the filtering performance ranking as given: Copeland > Pearl malt 1 > Pearl malt 2 > Synergy > Planet > Wheat malt. When a sample is purchased for six times of parallelization, RSD is less than 10%, and the experimental results are significantly correlated with viscosity and β-glucan content. Therefore, this method can effectively predict the filtration performance of malt. The response surface design 3 × 3 factor experiment was used to optimize the fast detection method, which increased the sample differentiation (F-value) and made it easier to judge the experimental results. Response surface experiment results show the optimal reaction conditions for enhancing differentiation, i.e., an enzyme ratio of 0.5 (α-amylase, β-glucanase, neutral protease = 1:2:1), a holding period of 38 min, and a reaction temperature of 44 °C. The F-value is 147.00.

Background: Emerging evidence suggests a role for orthostatic hypotension (OH) in contributing to the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The exosomes in the blood can reflect the pathological changes in the brain. Objective: To investigate whether neural-derived plasma exosomes pathogenic proteins of AD levels are associated with OH in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Methods: There were 274 subjects without dementia included in the study: 81 control participants (controls), 101 normotensive patients with DM without OH, and 92 patients with DM and neurogenic OH (DMOH). Neural-derived exosomal proteins were measured by ELISA kits for amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau. Results: The neural-derived exosome levels of Aβ42, total tau (T-tau), and tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (P-T181-tau) in the DM with OH group were higher than those in the DM and control groups. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that the presence of OH in patients with DM was associated with elevated exosomal Aβ42 (β= 0.172, p = 0.018), T-tau (β= 0.159, p = 0.030), and P-T181-tau (β= 0.220, p = 0.003) levels after adjustment for age, sex, APOE ɛ4, duration of type 2 diabetes, HbA1c, and cardiovascular risk factors. Furthermore, the levels of Aβ42, T-tau, and P-T181-tau in neural-derived exosomes were correlated with HIF-1α levels and the drop in mean cerebral blood flow velocity from the supine to upright position. Conclusion: The presence of OH in DM patients was independently associated with elevated the Aβ42, T-tau, and P-T181-tau levels in neural-derived plasma exosomes. Cerebral hypoperfusion from DM with OH are likely candidate mechanisms.

Objectives The aim of the study was to report quetiapine-relieved Pisa syndrome in a patient with Parkinson disease and to discuss the pathogenesis and treatment of Pisa syndrome. Methods We report a 74-year-old female patient with a history of Parkinson disease for 7 years. Pisa syndrome, lateral deviation of the spine and leaning to one side, appeared more than a year ago; adjusting levodopa was ineffective. After treatment with quetiapine for visual hallucinations, the patient's right side tilt was completely relieved after taking the drug for 1 month. Conclusions Drug-related Pisa syndrome may be associated with the imbalance in dopamine-choline. Pisa syndrome may have similar mechanisms and treatment options to dystonia.This is the first report of quetiapine relieving Pisa syndrome in a patient with Parkinson disease.

The complement system plays a crucial role in cognitive impairment in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The present study aimed to investigate the connections between complement component 8 gamma (C8G) levels in astrocyte-derived exosomes (ADEs) and cognitive impairment in OSA patients without dementia. This cross-sectional cohort study recruited 274 participants without dementia, including 124 OSA patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 100 OSA patients without MCI, and 50 healthy control subjects. Enrolled participants underwent polysomnography (PSG) evaluation, neuropsychological scale assessment, magnetic resonance imaging scanning, and collection of peripheral blood samples for quantification of complement proteins in ADEs. The findings showed higher C8G concentrations in ADEs from OSA patients with MCI than in the controls and OSA without MCI group. Logistic regression analysis suggested that C8G levels in ADEs were independently associated with MCI in OSA patients. Multivariable linear regression analysis demonstrated that C8G levels in ADEs were significantly correlated with global cognitive scores and all cognitive subdomain scores after adjusting for demographic factors (age, sex, education), vascular risk factors (Body mass index, history of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia), depressive symptoms measures, and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) values. The levels of C8G were linearly positively related to the white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes in Pearson's correlation analysis. Our research confirmed that C8G levels are significantly associated with cognitive impairment in OSA patients, which paves the way for novel therapeutic targets for neurocognitive dysfunction progression in OSA patients in the future.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is mainly managed by pharmacological therapy (e.g., Benserazide and dopamine agonists). However, prolonged use of these drugs would gradually diminish their dopaminergic effect. Gut dysbiosis was observed in some patients with PD, suggesting close association between the gut microbiome and PD. Probiotics modulate the host’s gut microbiota beneficially. A 3-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted to investigate the beneficial effect of probiotic co-administration in patients with PD. Eighty-two PD patients were recruited and randomly divided into probiotic [n = 48; Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Probio-M8 (Probio-M8), Benserazide, dopamine agonists] and placebo (n = 34; placebo, Benserazide, dopamine agonists) groups. Finally, 45 and 29 patients from Probio-M8 and placebo groups provided complete fecal and serum samples for further omics analysis, respectively. The results showed that Probio-M8 co-administration conferred added benefits by improving sleep quality, alleviating anxiety, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Metagenomic analysis showed that, after the intervention, there were significantly more species-level genome bins (SGBs) of Bifidobacterium animalis, Ruminococcaceae, and Lachnospira, while less Lactobacillus fermentum and Klebsiella oxytoca in Probio-M8 group (P Lactobacillus fermentum correlated positively with the scores of UPDRS-III, HAMA, HAMD-17, and negatively with MMSE. Klebsiella oxytoca correlated negatively with feces hardness. Moreover, co-administering Probio-M8 increased SGBs involved in tryptophan degradation, gamma-aminobutyric acid, short-chain fatty acids, and secondary bile acid biosynthesis, as well as serum acetic acid and dopamine levels (P

The purpose of our study was to investigate the correlation between neural-derived plasma exosomal amyloid-β (Aβ)42, total tau (T-tau) and tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (P-T181-tau) protein levels and cognitive impairment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).There were 122 subjects without dementia included in the study: 27 patients with OSA and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 52 OSA patients without MCI, and 43 subjects diagnosed with simple snoring but not MCI as the control group. Neuronal-derived exosomal proteins were measured by ELISA kits for Aβ42, T-tau and P-T181-tau. The cognitive function was evaluated by a Chinese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) questionnaire, and a normal cognitive score was ≥26.The exosomal Aβ42, T-tau and P-T181-tau levels in the OSA with MCI group were higher than those in the OSA group. The Aβ42, T-tau, and P-T181-tau levels in the plasma neuronal-derived exosomes were associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment in OSA patients after additional adjustment for age, gender, education, vascular risk factors, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) or oxygen reduction index (ODI). Furthermore, there were also significant associations between Aβ42, T-tau, and P-T181-tau in neural-derived plasma exosomes and Epworth Sleepiness Scale, AHI, and ODI in OSA patients. After 1 year of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) intervention, the neuronal-derived exosome levels of Aβ42, T-tau, and P-T181-tau were significantly lower than those at baseline (P = 0.001, P = 0.012, and P = 0.034).These findings indicate that peripheral blood levels of neuronal-derived exosomal Aβ and tau proteins were increased in OSA patients with cognitive impairment. CPAP interventions could possibly improve cognitive function and be associated with decreased levels of exosomal Aβ and tau proteins.

There is accumulating evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with the contribution of diabetes to Alzheimer disease (AD) progression. Neuronal mitochondrial proteins are found in plasma neuronal-derived exosomes (NDEs) at levels that reflect those in brain neurons. Here, we tested the performance of mitochondrial proteins in plasma NDEs to predict cognitive decline and brain injury in participants with diabetes. The study participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) included 41 cognitively normal control subjects, 97 individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (68 individuals with stable MCI; 29 individuals with progressive MCI), and 36 patients with AD dementia. Plasma neuroexosomal proteins were measured by ELISA kits. Spearman correlation was used to test associations between plasma neuroexosomal mitochondrial proteins and other core biomarkers of AD. Diagnostic accuracy for progressive MCI and AD was obtained for mitochondrial proteins using receiver operating characteristic curve analyses. The associations of mitochondrial proteins with the conversion from MCI to AD were assessed by Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. Plasma levels of neuroexosomal NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S3 (NDUFS3) and succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit B (SDHB) were significantly lower in patients with T2DM with AD dementia and progressive MCI than in cognitively normal subjects (P < 0.001 for both groups). We also found that plasma neuroexosomal NDUFS3 and SDHB levels were lower in progressive MCI subjects than in stable MCI subjects. Both plasma neuroexosomal NDUFS3 and SDHB offer diagnostic utility for AD. Low plasma neuroexosomal SDHB levels significantly predicted conversion from MCI to AD. In addition, low mitochondrial protein levels were associated with the rate of hippocampal and gray matter atrophy and reduced AD signature cortical thickness in progressive MCI over the follow-up period. These data suggest that both plasma neuroexosomal NDUFS3 and SDHB are already increased at the early clinical stage of AD, and indicate the promise of plasma neuroexosomal mitochondrial proteins as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for the earliest symptomatic stage of AD in participants with diabetes.

Background There is accumulating evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with the contribution of diabetes to Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. Neuronal mitochondrial proteins found in plasma neuronal-derived exosomes(NDEs) at levels that reflect those in brain neurons. Here, we tested the performance of mitochondrial proteins in plasma NDEs to predict cognitive decline and brain injury in diabetic participants. Methods The type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) participants in the study included 41 cognitively normal controls, 97 individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (68 individuals with stable MCI; 29 individuals with progressive MCI) and 36 patients with AD dementia. Plasma neuroexosomal proteins were measured by ELISA kits. Spearman’s correlation was used to test associations between mitochondrial proteins and other core biomarkers of AD in plasma neuronal-derived exosomes. Diagnostic accuracy (the area under the curve (AUC)) for progressive MCI and AD was obtained for mitochondrial proteins using receiver operating curve (ROC) analyses. The associations of mitochondrial proteins with the conversion from MCI to AD were assessed by Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. Results Plasma neuroexosomal NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S3 (NDUFS3) and succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit B (SDHB) levels were significantly lower in T2DM patients with AD dementia (232.7 ± 63.4, 1360.7 ± 328.5, pg/ml) and progressive MCI (274.4 ± 78.6, 1536.7 ± 342.8, pg/ml) than in cognitively normal subjects (333.9 ± 96.7, 2050.4 ± 628.9, pg/ml) (P < 0.001 for both groups). We also found that plasma neuroexosomal NDUFS3 and SDHB levels were lower in progressive MCI (274.4 ± 78.6 pg/ml, 1536.7 ± 342.8 pg/ml) than in stable MCI (319.9 ± 109.8 pg/ml, P < 0.05; 1824.7 ± 606.4 pg/ml, P < 0.05) subjects. Both plasma neuroexosomal NDUFS3 and SDHB offer diagnostic utility for AD. Low plasma neuroexosomal SDHB levels significantly predicted conversion from MCI to AD. In addition, low mitochondrial proteins levels were associated with the rate of hippocampal and gray matter atrophy, reduced AD signature cortical thickness in progressive MCI over the follow-up period. Conclusions These data suggest that both plasma neuroexosomal NDUFS3 and SDHB are already increased at the early clinical stage of AD, and indicate the promise of plasma neuroexosomal mitochondrial proteins as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for the earliest symptomatic stage of AD in diabetic participants .

In this study, one mutant strain P29ΔsinR with increased biofilm production was constructed from a biofilm-producing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain P29. Then, the effect of strain P29 and its biofilm-overproducing mutant strain P29ΔsinR on Pb availability and accumulation in lettuce and the associated mechanisms were characterized in the Pb-contaminated soil. The live strains P29 and P29ΔsinR increased the dry masses of roots and edible tissues by 31–74% compared to the controls. The live strains P29 and P29ΔsinR reduced the Pb uptake in the roots by 36–52% and edible tissues by 24–43%, Pb bioconcentration factor by 36–52%, and rhizosphere soil available Pb content by 12–25%, respectively, compared to the controls. The live strains P29 and P29ΔsinR increased the pH, proportion of biofilm-producing bacteria by 46–154%, contents of polysaccharides by 99–139% and proteins by 32–57%, and gene relative abundances of epsC by 7.1–10.2-fold, tasA by 10.3–10.8-fold, and sipW by 6.5–26.1-fold, which were associated with biofilm formation and Pb adsorption in the rhizosphere soils, respectively, compared to the controls. Furthermore, the mutant strain P29ΔsinR showed higher ability to reduce Pb availability and uptake in lettuce and increase the pH, proportion of biofilm-producing bacteria, polysaccharide and protein contents, and relative abundances of these genes. These results showed that the biofilm-overproducing strain P29ΔsinR induced lower Pb availability and accumulation in the vegetable and more biofilm-producing bacteria, polysaccharide and protein production, and Pb-immobilizing related gene abundances in the Pb-contaminated soil.

The 21st century is the era of new media. We-media, social media, short videos have emerged one after another. Not only have they changed the form of media, but also they have brought tremendous changes in terms of media functions, communication methods and communication relationship etc. Focused on the development of short video platforms in China in the last decade, this essay analyzes the impact of short videos on society, economy, and humanities. Also, it aims to propose a solution to the problem "how to make good use of the scarce resource of attention and truly realize the attention economy".

In cloud manufacturing, an allocation platform integrates resources and assign tasks manufacturers. Improper allocation algorithm causes wasting of resources and budget. In this paper, a new bilateral adaptation algorithm based on Q-learning and improved Gale-Shapley algorithm is proposed for the manufacturer-dealer bilateral adaptation problem in the intelligent cloud manufacturing environment. The main idea of the algorithm is to first construct a manufacturer-to-dealer distance-based ordering model as well as a dealer-to-manufacturer Quality of Service based (QoS-based) ordering model, and then, a basic bilateral allocation result is obtained by the improved Gale-Shapley algorithm, which will allocate dealers and manufacturers into pairs depend on the overall cost and degree of satisfaction. At last, with the obtained pairing scheme, a more rational pairing approach can be obtained through the self-learning process in the Q-learning algorithm. Numerical experiment has been done and the proposed algorithm are compared with some traditional approaches. The experimental results show that the improved Gale-Shapley algorithm proposed in this paper obtains better results than other ways.

BackgroundEmerging evidence suggests a role for orthostatic hypotension (OH) in contributing to the progression of Alzheimer disease (AD). The aim of the study was to investigate whether neural-derived plasma exosomal amyloid-β and tau protein levels are associated with OH in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients.MethodsThere were 274 subjects without dementia included in the study: 81 control participants (controls), 101 normotensive patients with DM without OH, and 92 patients with DM and neurogenic OH (DMOH). Neuronal-derived exosomal proteins were measured by ELISA kits for amyloid-β and tau.ResultsThe neuronal-derived exosome levels of Aβ42, T-tau, and P-T181-tau in the DM with OH group were higher than those in the DM and control groups. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that the presence of OH in patients with DM was associated with elevated exosomal Aβ42 (β = 0.172, P = 0.018), T-tau(β = 0.159, P = 0.030), and P-T181-tau (β = 0.220, P = 0.003) levels after adjustment for age, sex, APOE ε4, duration of type 2 diabetes, HbA1c and cardiovascular risk factors. Furthermore, the levels of Aβ42, T-tau, and P-T181-tau in neuronal-derived exosomes were correlated with HIF-1α levels and the drop in mean cerebral blood flow velocity from the supine to upright position.ConclusionsThe presence of OH in DM patients was independently associated with elevated the Aβ42, T-tau, and PT181-tau levels in neural-derived plasma exosomes. Cerebral hypoperfusion from DM with OH are likely candidate mechanisms.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry (Identifier: ChiCTR1900021544 ). Registered 27 February 2019.

Based on the five elements of communication, this article analyzes the key elements of intercultural communication of films with Coco as a good example. It notes that in the modern globalization, all countries should continuously promote cultural communication, learn from each other, and promote the progress of the world as a whole. One way of achieving this is to make full use of new media and continuously explore new forms of intercultural communication, strengthen researches on intercultural communication, and resolve cultural differences. What’s more, each country should build on its own cultural identity and confidently disseminate its national culture. Only in these ways, can the human community of common destiny be consolidated, can the world be peaceful and prosperous.

This article analyzes the main elements of intercultural communication of films based on the five elements of communication, taking the movie Coco as an example. It states that in the modern global world, all countries should continuously promote cultural communication and mutual learning, consolidate the humanism of the community of common destiny, and promote the progress of the society. Meanwhile, we need to make full use of new media to continuously explore new methods and new forms of intercultural communication; we need to strengthen cultural confidence and take diffusing our national culture as our duty; we need to strengthen researches on intercultural communication, resolve cultural differences, and better achieve our localized national culture.

Traditional steam turbine maintenance work has many shortcomings, such as poor effectiveness, high cost, and long cycle. In order to solve this problem and improve the professional skills and maintenance efficiency of steam turbine maintenance personnel, we first collect steam turbine equipment drawings and 3D dimension data of parts, and use 3D modeling software to establish augmented reality scene model. Then combined with the virtual reality technology and image fusion technology to realize the maintenance procedure training and maintenance auxiliary guidance of the steam turbine unit. The practical application results show that this technology can realize the virtual and real operation of the model by users in augmented reality scenes, bring interactive and immersive experience to operators, and improve the work efficiency of maintenance personnel.

Platelet activation and aggregation play an important role in the pathological and physiological processes of recurrent ischemic vascular events in stroke patients. The purpose of this study is to determine the association between platelet function measured in the acute period and recurrent ischemic vascular events in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) or minor stroke. A total of 417 patients who were within the 24-hour period of clopidogrel-aspirin therapy after onset of a minor stroke or high-risk transient ischemic attack according to the Clopidogrel in High-risk patients with Acute Nondisabling Cerebrovascular Events (CHANCE) trial were included in this study. The platelet aggregation ratio was detected using a method of continuous platelet counting; patients underwent CYP2C19 genotyping, and the baseline data were recorded. The patients underwent a 6-month follow-up period during which the recurrent ischemic vascular events were observed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to obtain the risk factors for recurrent ischemic vascular events. The number of patients with recurrent ischemic events who had an arachidonic acid-induced maximum platelet aggregation ratio (MAR-AA) (aspirin 100 mg) (31.85 ± 12.86 vs. 26.71 ± 12.44, p = 0.007) and adenosine diphosphate-induced maximum platelet aggregation ratio (MAR-ADP) after the administration of 75 mg clopidogrel for 12 ± 2 days (65.82 ± 10.72 vs. 53.10 ± 12.98, p

Background: Phospholipids and their metabolisms are closely allied to nosogenesis and aggravation of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and cognitive impairment. The aim of this study is to characterize the plasma levels of phospholipids in type 2 diabetes patients and type 2 diabetes patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and to identify potential biomarkers of type 2 diabetes patients with MCI. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 374 type 2 diabetes patients were prospectively enrolled. There were 103 patients with MCI and 271 patients without MCI. Plasma levels of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and phospholipids with solubility similar to that of LPA (PSS-LPA) were assayed. Results: Plasma LPA and PSS-LPA levels were significantly higher in patients with MCI than those without MCI (P = 0.007, P ＜ 0.001). A logistic regression analysis indicates that elevated plasma PSSLPA was associated with increased risk of MCI in type 2 diabetic patients, with an OR of 1.87 (1.04- 3.47) after additional adjustment for hyperlipidemia, hypertension, High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, hemoglobin A1c, Intima-media thickness, ankle brachial index, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity. In type 2 diabetic patients with MCI, there were negative correlations between plasma LPA, PSS-LPA and the MoCA scores (r =﹣0.322, P < 0.01; r =﹣0.349, P < 0.001). Furthermore, plasma PSS-LPA exhibited a fair diagnostic value for MCI, with an area under the curve of 0.86. Conclusion: The level of plasma PSS-LPA may be an important biomarker for diagnosis of MCI.

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence and clinical characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) associated to the stable state of the gut microbiota. Methods A total of 9 children with ASD and 6 healthy children used as control were selected and feces samples were collected from all of them. The 16S gene ribosomal RNA sequencing was used to analyze the difference in gut microbiota between healthy control children and ASD patients. Results The results of 16S sequencing based on operational taxonomic units (OTUs) analysis showed that the ASD group and the healthy control (HC) group had a large difference in the abundance of microbiota at the level of family, genus and species. The abundance of Bacteroidales and Selenomonadales was significantly lower in the ASD group than in the HC group (p=0.0110 and p=0.0076, respectively). The abundance of Ruminococcaceae in the ASD group was higher than that in the HC group (p=0.0265), while the amount of Prevotellaceae was significantly lower in the ASD group than in the HC group (p=0.0265). The Tax4Fun analysis based on Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) data indicated differentially expressed functional pathway between the ASD group and healthy control group associated to the nervous system, environmental information processing and cellular processing. Conclusions The abundance of gut microbiota in the ASD group is different from that in the healthy control children. These differences affect the biological function of the host. These results suggest that a disorder in the gut microbiota may be associated, at least in part, with ASD in children.