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Androgenic alopecia (AGA) affects both men and women worldwide. New blood vessel formation can restore blood supply and stimulate the hair regrowth cycle. Recently, our group reported that 2-deoxy-D-ribose (2dDR) is 80%–90% as effective as VEGF in the stimulation of neovascularization in in vitro models and in a chick bioassay. In this study, we aimed to assess the effect of 2dDR on hair growth. We prepared an alginate gel containing 2dDR, polypropylene glycol, and phenoxyethanol. AGA was developed in C57BL6 mice by intraperitoneally injecting testosterone (TE). A dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-treated group was used as a negative control, a minoxidil group was used as a positive control, and we included groups treated with 2dDR gel and a combination of 2dDR and minoxidil. Each treatment was applied for 20 days. Both groups treated with 2dDR gel and minoxidil stimulated the morphogenesis of hair follicles. H&E-stained skin sections of C57BL/6 mice demonstrated an increase in length, diameter, hair follicle density, anagen/telogen ratio, diameter of hair follicles, area of the hair bulb covered in melanin, and an increase in the number of blood vessels. Masson's trichrome staining showed an increase in the area of the hair bulb covered in melanin. The effects of the FDA-approved drug (minoxidil) on hair growth were similar to those of 2dDR (80%–90%). No significant benefit were observed by applying a combination of minoxidil with 2dDR. We conclude that 2dDR gel has potential for the treatment of androgenic alopecia and possibly other alopecia conditions where stimulation of hair regrowth is desirable, such as after chemotherapy. The mechanism of activity of 2dDR remains to be established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xinlyu Huang,1 Pengxiang Zhao,2 Gongjie Zhang,1 Xiangxi Su,1 Hanlin Li,1 Huizi Gong,1 Xuemei Ma,2 Fang Liu1 1Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Cosmetology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Fang Liu, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Cosmetology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Email roseliufang@qq.comPurpose: Alopecia significantly affects the appearance and psychology of patients, and pharmacological therapies and hair transplantation are the main treatments for alopecia, but both have limitations. This review aimed to summarize the non-pharmacological therapies that promote hair growth and regeneration.Patients and Methods: This is a non-systematic review. Multiple databases was searched with relevant data published between 1997 and 2024. Searching and screening followed the PRISMA guidelines.Results: Novel therapeutic modalities, such as gas molecules, platelet-rich plasma, laser, and microneedling, can change the microenvironment of hair follicles, activate hair follicle stem cells, and promote hair growth and regeneration.Conclusion: This paper reviews research on the application of non-pharmacological therapies in alopecia treatment and hair regeneration, with a view to providing an important basis for future research on alopecia treatment and the postoperative treatment of patients after hair transplantation.Keywords: alopecia, hair regrowth, non-pharmacologic, gas therapy, regenerative cellular therapy, laser therapy, microneedle therapy

Background: Different types of alopecia have negative impacts on patients. Recently, some kinds of laser or light therapies have been reported to effectively alleviate hair loss. Carbon dioxide fractional laser (CO2FL) treatment is one of the most effective laser treatments, but its beneficial effects and exact mechanism in hair regrowth have not been reported in detail. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect and molecular mechanism further. Methods: C57 and Lgr5-Cre: Rosa-mTmG mouse models of hair regrowth were established by CO2FL treatment, and the parameters that induced the best effect were determined. Tissues were harvested on the day prior to the treatment day and on days 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 after CO2FL. H&E and immunofluorescence staining, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), Western blotting (WB) and related inhibitor were used to determine the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of CO2FL treatment on the hair cycle and hair regrowth. In clinical trial, five participants were treated three sessions at 1-month intervals to obverse the effects. Results: Hair regrew and covered the treatment area on the tenth day after CO2FL treatment with the best parameters, while the control group showed signs of hair growth on the 14th day. H&E and immunofluorescence staining showed that the transition of hair follicles (HFs) from telogen to anagen was accelerated, and the rapid activation and proliferation of Lgr5+ hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) were observed in the treatment group. The RNA-seq, qPCR and WB results indicated that the Wnt pathway was significantly activated after CO2FL treatment. Improvement achieved with CO2FL treatment in clinical trial. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that CO2FL treatment can promote hair regrowth by activating Lgr5+ HFSCs and upregulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Clinical trial results demonstrated that CO2FL treatment will be a promising therapeutic regimen for alopecia. No Level Assigned: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The skin covers the surface of the body and acts as the first defense barrier against environmental damage. Exposure of the skin to environmental physical and chemical factors such as mechanical injuries, UV rays, air pollution, chemicals, etc. Leads to numerous damages to skin cells such as fibroblasts, keratinocytes, melanocytes, etc. The harmful effects of environmental factors on skin cells could lead to various skin diseases, chronic wounds, wrinkles, and skin aging. Hair is an essential part of the body, serving multiple functions such as regulating body temperature and protecting against external factors like dust (through eyelashes and eyebrows). It also reflects an individual's personality. Therefore, the need for new treatment methods for skin diseases and lesions and at the same time preserving the youth, freshness, and beauty of the skin has been highly noticed by experts. Exosomes are nanovesicles derived from cells that contain various biological compounds such as lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. They are secreted by a variety of mammalian cells and even different plants. Exosomes are of great interest as a new therapeutic approach due to their stability, ability to be transported throughout the body, paracrine and endocrine effects, as well as the ability to carry various compounds and drugs to target cells. Aim: In this review, we have discussed the characteristics of exosomes, their cellular sources, and their therapeutic effects on wrinkles, skin aging, and rejuvenation and hair regrowth.

Stem cells are recognized as an important target and tool in regenerative engineering. In this study, we explored the feasibility of engineering amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cell-secreted molecules (afMSC-SMs) as a versatile bioactive material for skin regenerative medicine applications in a time- and cost-efficient and straightforward manner. afMSC-SMs, obtained in powder form through ethanol precipitation, effectively contributed to preserving the self-renewal capacity and differentiation potential of primary human keratinocytes (pKCs) in a xeno -free environment, offering a potential alternative to traditional culture methods for their long-term in vitro expansion, and allowed them to reconstitute a fully stratified epithelium sheet on human dermal fibroblasts. Furthermore, we demonstrated the flexibility of afMSC-SMs in wound healing and hair regrowth through injectable hydrogel and nanogel-mediated transdermal delivery systems, respectively, expanding the pool of regenerative applications. This cell-free approach may offer several potential advantages, including streamlined manufacturing processes, scalability, controlled formulation, longer shelf lives, and mitigation of risks associated with living cell transplantation. Accordingly, afMSC-SMs could serve as a promising therapeutic toolbox for advancing cell-free regenerative medicine, simplifying their broad applicability in various clinical settings. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laser sources have established their potential effect in inducing hair regrowth. No large cohort study has evaluated the effect of ablative fractional 2940-nm erbium yttrium aluminum garnet (Er: YAG) laser in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA). To investigate the efficacy and safety of the ablative fractional 2940-nm Er: YAG laser in combination with medication therapy for the treatment of AGA. We performed a retrospective study between first July 2021 to 30th December 2021. All included patients received oral finasteride and topical minoxidil, or combined with six sessions of Er: YAG laser at 2-week intervals. Patients were divided into medication or combined therapy groups. The efficacy of the two therapies was evaluated by the investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) scores and the patient's Likert satisfaction scale at week 12 and week 24. Changes in total, terminal and villous hair count, total and terminal hair diameter, and AGA grade were also recorded. Adverse events were evaluated at each follow-up. A total of 192 male patients with AGA were included, including 67 receiving combination treatment, and 125 receiving medication treatment. At week 24, the combination treatment afforded superior outcomes in the IGA score, patient's global assessment, total and terminal hair counts, and diameters (all P<0.05). No severe adverse events were reported in both groups. The combined therapy of ablative fractional Er: YAG laser and medication was superior in treating male AGA than single medication therapy without serious adverse effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alopecia, also known as hair loss, is a highly prevalent condition affecting millions of men and women in the United States and worldwide, making it one of the most common complaints by patients presenting to a dermatologist. The symptomology on the presentation of alopecia can be highly variable, ranging from diffuse thinning of hair, discrete and localized patches completely absent of hair, or noticing significant shedding when brushing and showering. Although alopecia does not have a direct negative health impact on patients, it is nonetheless a debilitating disease as it can profoundly impact an individual's self-image and psychosocial well-being. There are multiple treatment options available to patients with alopecia, and they are typically tailored to the patient's needs and preferences. The most common of these is the Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs for alopecia, minoxidil, and finasteride. However, both of these are known to be partially efficacious for all patients, so clinicians often use different modalities in conjunction with them, in particular laser-based therapies. This review article will provide a comprehensive assessment of lasers and other light therapies that may be used to manage the two most common types of alopecia: androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Minoxidil (MIN) is used topically to treat alopecia. However, its low absorption limits its use, warranting a new strategy to enhance its delivery into skin layers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the dermal delivery of MIN by utilizing dissolved microneedles (MNs) loaded with MIN nanosuspension (MIN-NS) for hair regrowth. MIN-NS was prepared by the solvent-antisolvent precipitation technique. The particle size of MIN-NS was 226.7 ± 9.3 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.29 ± 0.17 and a zeta potential of −29.97 ± 1.23 mV. An optimized formulation of MIN-NS was selected, freeze-dried, and loaded into MNs fabricated with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na CMC) polymeric solutions (MIN-NS-loaded MNs). MNs were evaluated for morphology, dissolution rate, skin insertion, drug content, mechanical properties, ex vivo permeation, in vivo, and stability studies. MNs, prepared with 14% Na CMC, were able to withstand a compression force of 32 N for 30 s, penetrate Parafilm M® sheet at a depth of 374–504 µm, and dissolve completely in the skin within 30 min with MIN %recovery of 95.1 ± 6.5%. The release of MIN from MIN-NS-loaded MNs was controlled for 24 h. MIN-NS-loaded MNs were able to maintain their mechanical properties and chemical stability for 4 weeks, when kept at different storage conditions. The in vivo study of the freeze-dried MIN-NS and MIN-NS-loaded MNs proved hair regrowth on rat skin after 11 and 7 days, respectively. These results showed that MIN-NS-loaded MNs could potentially improve the dermal delivery of MIN through the skin to treat alopecia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Although alopecia is prevalent among captive rhesus macaques, its cause is not well understood. Poor coat quality may raise concerns because it can be a byproduct of conditions such as stress, autoimmune disease, hormonal imbalance, infection, or poor nutrition. Despite lack of consensus as to the cause(s) of alopecia, multiple studies in captive primates have found two commonalities: alopecia fluctuates seasonally, and pregnant females tend to have more alopecia than males or nonpregnant females. Most studies have focused on loss of hair, rather than if and when hair is regrown, but alopecia can result from disruption to any phase of the hair follicle's cycle of shedding and regrowth. To better understand how season and pregnancy affect the hair follicle cycle and alopecia, we documented the severity of alopecia and the presence of hair regrowth in outdoor group-housed rhesus for one year. We found a seasonal pattern of alopecia and regrowth in all animals, and that females in their third trimester showed less regrowth, which prevented a decrease in alopecia. Regrowth for females resumed on average 1–2 months postpartum. Hair shedding and regrowth follows a seasonal pattern in rhesus, and conditions in late-term pregnancy suppress hair regrowth into early postpartum. Several studies have examined the etiology of alopecia, or hair loss, in rhesus macaques. While outcomes differ across studies, some commonalities have emerged. Females, particularly pregnant females, show more alopecia than males, and alopecia follows a seasonal pattern. Much research has explored causes of hair loss; however, alopecia can result from lack of hair growth in addition to hair loss. To better understand how sex, reproductive state, and season affect alopecia, we followed 241 rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) in outdoor breeding groups over one year, recording both alopecia severity and presence of hair regrowth. We found that both alopecia and hair regrowth followed a seasonal pattern; alopecia was highest in spring and lowest in late summer, while regrowth started in spring and peaked in late summer. Reproductive state also correlated with both alopecia and hair growth. Females in their third trimester had the highest average level of alopecia and the lowest amount of hair regrowth. Regrowth resumed postpartum, regardless of whether females were rearing an infant. Results indicate that the seasonal pattern of alopecia is due in part to the seasonal limitations on hair regrowth, and that breeding, which also occurs seasonally in rhesus macaques, may further suppress hair regrowth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alopecia areata (AA) is a complex genetic disease that results in hair loss due to an autoimmune‐mediated attack on the hair follicle. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have great potential to induce hair regeneration due to their strong secretion ability and multidirectional differentiation. Recent studies have revealed that the therapeutic potential of MSCs comes from their secretion ability, which can produce large amounts of bioactive substances and regulate the key physiological functions of subjects. The secretion products of MSCs, such as vesicles, exosomes, and conditioned media, have significant advantages in preparing of biological products derived from stem cells. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (uMSCs) are the best choice for exosome production. uMSCs are obtained from the human umbilical cord. The umbilical cord is easy to obtain, and the efficiency of uMSCs isolation and culture higher than that of obtaining MSCs from bone marrow or adipose tissue. In this study, we investigated the effects of exosomes released from uMSCs in AA mice. In summary, due to easy isolation and cultivation, simple preparation, and convenient storage, it is possible to obtain uMSCs, or uMSCs exosomes for research and clinical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Androgenic alopecia (AGA) affects both men and women worldwide. New blood vessel formation can restore blood supply and stimulate the hair regrowth cycle. Recently, our group reported that 2-deoxy-D-ribose (2dDR) is 80%–90% as effective as VEGF in the stimulation of neovascularization in in vitro models and in a chick bioassay. In this study, we aimed to assess the effect of 2dDR on hair growth. We prepared an alginate gel containing 2dDR, polypropylene glycol, and phenoxyethanol. AGA was developed in C57BL6 mice by intraperitoneally injecting testosterone (TE). A dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-treated group was used as a negative control, a minoxidil group was used as a positive control, and we included groups treated with 2dDR gel and a combination of 2dDR and minoxidil. Each treatment was applied for 20 days. Both groups treated with 2dDR gel and minoxidil stimulated the morphogenesis of hair follicles. H&E-stained skin sections of C57BL/6 mice demonstrated an increase in length, diameter, hair follicle density, anagen/telogen ratio, diameter of hair follicles, area of the hair bulb covered in melanin, and an increase in the number of blood vessels. Masson’s trichrome staining showed an increase in the area of the hair bulb covered in melanin. The effects of the FDA-approved drug (minoxidil) on hair growth were similar to those of 2dDR (80%–90%). No significant benefit were observed by applying a combination of minoxidil with 2dDR. We conclude that 2dDR gel has potential for the treatment of androgenic alopecia and possibly other alopecia conditions where stimulation of hair regrowth is desirable, such as after chemotherapy. The mechanism of activity of 2dDR remains to be established.

Abstract Introduction Treatments for AGA have yet to produce satisfactory outcomes and may cause intolerable side effects. Recent studies have reported that adipose tissue-derived stem cell conditioned media (ADSC-CM) could induce hair growth and regeneration. Objective To investigate the efficacy of ADSC-CM combined with minoxidil for hair regeneration therapy in male AGA. Methods This study lasted for 6 weeks. Subjects were divided into two groups: concentrated and non-concentrated ADSC-CM. Scalp was divided vertically in half before intradermal injection was administered from the frontal region of the scalp toward the vertex with a 30G needle, spaced about 1 cm apart. Treatment side received 2 ml of ADSC-CM; the other side was given 2 ml of NaCl 0.9% as placebo. Patients applied 5% minoxidil twice daily post-injection. Improvements were assessed using photographs and trichoscan every 2 weeks. Results Hair count, hair density, and mean thickness increased significantly on both sides after 6 weeks, while vellus rate decreased proportionally with the increase of terminal rate. No statistically significant differences between treatment groups were found. Minimum side effects were reported, and subjects were satisfied with the results. Conclusion Combination of ADSC-CM and minoxidil could be a potential agent for hair regrowth. Follow-up research with extensive populations, longer duration, and different study design may be required to confirm the exact mechanisms of ADSC-CM on hair growth. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT05296863. Registered 25 March 2022—Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05296863 .

Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AA) is one of the common cosmetic concerns. It affects more than 50% of adults. AA alopecia is a benign condition and it affects the psychology of patients. Microneedling (MN) – minimally invasive procedure. Minoxidil is an antihypertensive and causes vasodilation. Aims and Objectives: The present study was aimed to compare the efficacy of MN with minoxidil solution versus MN with hair multivitamin solution of male androgenetic alopecia. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Dermatology, Akash Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Devanahalli, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. After following inclusion and exclusion criteria, 50 subjects were involved. Subjects were divided into two groups, 25 in each group. Group I, MN with dermaroller having needle length of 1.5 mm was done and minoxidil solution was applied over the scalp and the again MN was done. Group II, MN was done and hair multivitamin solution was used. MN was done for every 3 weeks and a total of nine sessions were done. From the last session, all the study subjects were followed for 6 months. Baseline investigations were done. Side effects such as pain, bruising, and folliculitis were recorded and monitored. Response of the patients to the treatment (hair growth) was assessed by physician global assessment scores. Visual analog scale score was done to assess the subjective improvement of the patients. Results: In this study, 50 male androgenetic alopecia patients were involved. In this, 21 (42%) were in the age group of 20–40 years and 29 (58%) were in the 41–60 years of age group. In Group I, excellent response was seen in 19 (76%), very good response in 4 (16%), good response in 2 (8%) patients, and none of the patients showed average response. In Group II, excellent response was seen in 10 (40%), very good response in 4 (16%), good response in 6 (24%) patients, and average response in 5 (20%). Following side effects were observed in the study subjects, pain in 6 (24%), bruising 4 (16%), and folliculitis 2 (8%). Conclusion: MN is safe and cost-effective procedure, which causes stimulation of hair follicles and improves hair growth.

Objective Our objective was to assess the effectiveness and safety of microneedle by comparing microneedle plus 5% topical minoxidil treatment and microneedle alone to 5% topical minoxidil.

The correction notice in the journal "Frontiers in Pharmacology" addresses an error in Figure 2 of the article "Stimulation of hair regrowth in an animal model of androgenic alopecia using 2-deoxy-D-ribose." The error involved erroneous error bars in the data graph representing skin color scores. The authors have issued a correction with the updated Figure 2 and caption, emphasizing that this error does not impact the scientific conclusions of the study. The original article has been revised to reflect the correction. [Extracted from the article]

Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disorder leading to nonscarring hair loss of the scalp and/or body. Atypical hair regrowth in AA is considered a rare phenomenon. Many paradoxical forms of hair regrowth have been described in AA. Targetoid hair regrowth pattern in AA was first described in 1988. Here, we report three cases wherein this pattern of hair regrowth was seen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Treatments for AGA have yet to produce satisfactory outcomes and may cause intolerable side effects. Recent studies have reported that adipose tissue-derived stem cell conditioned media (ADSC-CM) could induce hair growth and regeneration. Objective: To investigate the efficacy of ADSC-CM combined with minoxidil for hair regeneration therapy in male AGA. Methods: This study lasted for 6 weeks. Subjects were divided into two groups: concentrated and non-concentrated ADSC-CM. Scalp was divided vertically in half before intradermal injection was administered from the frontal region of the scalp toward the vertex with a 30G needle, spaced about 1 cm apart. Treatment side received 2 ml of ADSC-CM; the other side was given 2 ml of NaCl 0.9% as placebo. Patients applied 5% minoxidil twice daily post-injection. Improvements were assessed using photographs and trichoscan every 2 weeks. Results: Hair count, hair density, and mean thickness increased significantly on both sides after 6 weeks, while vellus rate decreased proportionally with the increase of terminal rate. No statistically significant differences between treatment groups were found. Minimum side effects were reported, and subjects were satisfied with the results. Conclusion: Combination of ADSC-CM and minoxidil could be a potential agent for hair regrowth. Follow-up research with extensive populations, longer duration, and different study design may be required to confirm the exact mechanisms of ADSC-CM on hair growth. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT05296863. Registered 25 March 2022—Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05296863. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the common cutaneous symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that may have major psychosocial effects in a female is diffuse alopecia. Although Janus kinase inhibitors have shown encouraging results in the treatment of SLE and of alopecia areata in recent studies, tofacitinib in treating refractory alopecia caused by SLE has been rarely documented. The Janus kinases (JAKs) are intracellular tyrosine kinases that play a significant role in the pathophysiology of SLE by participating in a wide range of inflammatory cascades. Here, we reported a 33-year-old SLE patient with long standing (3 years) refractory alopecia who took tofacitinib and observed a substantial increase in hair growth. This was sustained at 2-years follow-up even after tapering off glucocorticoids completely. In addition, we reviewed the literature to look for further evidence to support the use of JAK inhibitors for alopecia in SLE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AA) is one of the common cosmetic concerns. It affects more than 50% of adults. AA alopecia is a benign condition and it affects the psychology of patients. Microneedling (MN) - minimally invasive procedure. Minoxidil is an antihypertensive and causes vasodilation. Aims and Objectives: The present study was aimed to compare the efficacy of MN with minoxidil solution versus MN with hair multivitamin solution of male androgenetic alopecia. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Dermatology, Akash Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Devanahalli, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. After following inclusion and exclusion criteria, 50 subjects were involved. Subjects were divided into two groups, 25 in each group. Group I, MN with dermaroller having needle length of 1.5 mm was done and minoxidil solution was applied over the scalp and the again MN was done. Group II, MN was done and hair multivitamin solution was used. MN was done for every 3 weeks and a total of nine sessions were done. From the last session, all the study subjects were followed for 6 months. Baseline investigations were done. Side effects such as pain, bruising, and folliculitis were recorded and monitored. Response of the patients to the treatment (hair growth) was assessed by physician global assessment scores. Visual analog scale score was done to assess the subjective improvement of the patients. Results: In this study, 50 male androgenetic alopecia patients were involved. In this, 21 (42%) were in the age group of 20-40 years and 29 (58%) were in the 41-60 years of age group. In Group I, excellent response was seen in 19 (76%), very good response in 4 (16%), good response in 2 (8%) patients, and none of the patients showed average response. In Group II, excellent response was seen in 10 (40%), very good response in 4 (16%), good response in 6 (24%) patients, and average response in 5 (20%). Following side effects were observed in the study subjects, pain in 6 (24%), bruising 4 (16%), and folliculitis 2 (8%). Conclusion: MN is safe and cost-effective procedure, which causes stimulation of hair follicles and improves hair growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: While numerous studies have demonstrated enhanced hair growth following platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatments in patients with male and female pattern hair loss, no study has demonstrated its impact on quality of life (QoL) using a validated tool. Objective: This prospective study aimed to assess the psychological impact of PRP treatment for hair loss. Methods: PRP scalp injections were repeated monthly for the first 3 months, then quarterly for 1 year, and annually thereafter. HAIRDEX 48, a validated scale assessing QoL for patients with alopecia, was administered before PRP and at each visit. Scores were interpolated on a 0–100 scale: 0 representing highest QoL, 100 lowest, and compared using paired t-tests. Results: Ninety-two patients receiving PRP were analyzed. Mean age was 48.2 ± 17.4 years and 55% were male. Patients had an average of 4 ± 2 treatments; most (60%) had ≥4. Thirty patients (33%) completed both pre- and post-PRP questionnaires. Prior to PRP, 61% tried minoxidil, 16% finasteride, and 1% hair transplant. Total HAIRDEX scores improved from a mean of 23.2 ± 15.4 to 19.7 ± 11.3 after 3–5 months after PRP (p < 0.001). There were also decreases in symptoms (10.0 ± 12.0 vs. 9.6 ± 10.8, p < 0.001), functioning (16.1 ± 18.1 vs. 13.3 ± 12.6, p < 0.001), and emotions domains (37.7 ± 24.1 vs. 32.2 ± 18.9, p < 0001). For stigmatization and self-confidence domains, improvements from pre-PRP were significant at 3–5 months (21.2 ± 16.8 vs. 17.4 ± 12.1; p < 0.001 and 24.8 ± 17.7 vs. 20.9 ± 15.5; p < 0.001, respectively) and >6 months (18.9 ± 13.9; p < 0.001 and19.5 ± 18.6; p = 0.008, respectively). Conclusions: PRP improves QoL and is an effective part of multimodal therapy for hair loss. Level of Evidence IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hair loss, or alopecia, is associated with several psychosocial and medical comorbidities, and it remains an economic burden to individuals and the society. Alopecia is attributable to varied mechanisms and features a multifactorial predisposition, and the available conventional medical interventions have several limitations. Thus, several therapeutic strategies for alopecia in regenerative medicine are currently being explored, with increasing evidence suggesting that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) implantation, MSC-derived secretome treatment, and blood-derived platelet-rich plasma therapies are potential treatment options. In this review, we searched the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, and Scopus using various combinations of terms, such as “stem cell,” “alopecia,” “hair loss,” “Androgenetic alopecia,” “male-pattern hair loss,” “female-pattern hair loss,” “regenerative hair growth,” “cell therapy,” “mesenchymal stem cells,” “MSC-derived extracellular vesicles,” “MSC-derived exosomes,” and “platelet-rich plasma” and summarized the most promising regenerative treatments for alopecia. Moreover, further opportunities of improving efficacy and innovative strategies for promoting clinical application were discussed.

Hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells (HFMSCs) are slow cycling label retaining cells with self-regeneration ability, high proliferative potential, and multi-directional differentiation. HFMSCs can induce and promote the regeneration of the epidermis, hair follicles and sebaceous glands. HFMSCs have important advantages in regenerative medicine because of their abundance, wide availability, expansion in vitro, no genetic manipulation, no tumor formation and no ethical restriction. The synergy and antagonism between Wnt and other signaling pathways such as Shh, Notch and BMP signaling pathways play a crucial role in the regulation of stem cell homeostasis, epidermal development and hair follicle regeneration. The dysregulation of these pathways may result in hair loss diseases or skin tumors. This paper summarizes the classification and some specific biomarkers of HFMSCs, and discusses the induction of HFMSCs and the biomolecular pathways that affect hair regeneration, so as to shed light on the treatment strategies of hair diseases.

Today, about 50% of men and 15–30% of women are estimated to face hair-related problems, which create a significant psychological burden. Conventional treatments, including drug therapy and transplantation, remain the main strategies for the clinical management of these problems. However, these treatments are hindered by challenges such as drug-induced adverse effects and poor drug penetration due to the skin's barrier. Therefore, various efforts have been undertaken to enhance drug permeation based on the mechanisms of hair regrowth. Notably, understanding the delivery and diffusion of topically administered drugs is essential in hair loss research. This review focuses on the advancement of transdermal strategies for hair regrowth, particularly those involving external stimulation and regeneration (topical administration) as well as microneedles (transdermal delivery). Furthermore, it also describes the natural products that have become alternative agents to prevent hair loss. In addition, given that skin visualization is necessary for hair regrowth as it provides information on drug localization within the skin's structure, this review also discusses skin visualization strategies. Finally, it details the relevant patents and clinical trials in these areas. Together, this review highlights the innovative strategies for skin visualization and hair regrowth, aiming to provide novel ideas to researchers studying hair regrowth in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several studies have examined the etiology of alopecia, or hair loss, in rhesus macaques. While outcomes differ across studies, some commonalities have emerged. Females, particularly pregnant females, show more alopecia than males, and alopecia follows a seasonal pattern. Much research has explored causes of hair loss; however, alopecia can result from lack of hair growth in addition to hair loss. To better understand how sex, reproductive state, and season affect alopecia, we followed 241 rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) in outdoor breeding groups over one year, recording both alopecia severity and presence of hair regrowth. We found that both alopecia and hair regrowth followed a seasonal pattern; alopecia was highest in spring and lowest in late summer, while regrowth started in spring and peaked in late summer. Reproductive state also correlated with both alopecia and hair growth. Females in their third trimester had the highest average level of alopecia and the lowest amount of hair regrowth. Regrowth resumed postpartum, regardless of whether females were rearing an infant. Results indicate that the seasonal pattern of alopecia is due in part to the seasonal limitations on hair regrowth, and that breeding, which also occurs seasonally in rhesus macaques, may further suppress hair regrowth.

Atraric acid (AA) is a phenolic compound isolated from Stereocaulon japonicum that has demonstrated anti-androgen properties and was used to design an alternative formulation for the treatment of alopecia. This new topical formulation was designed using a solvent mixture system composed of ethanol as a volatile vehicle, oleic acid as a permeation enhancer, and water for skin hydration. The ideal topical AA formulation (AA–TF#15) exhibited an 8.77-fold higher human skin flux and a 570% increase in dermal drug deposition, compared to 1% (w/w) AA in ethanol. In addition, compared to other formulations, AA–TF#15 (1% [w/w] AA) activated keratinocytes and human dermal papilla cell proliferation at a concentration of 50 µM AA, which is equivalent to 50 µM minoxidil. Moreover, AA–TF#15 treatment produced a significant increase in hair regrowth by 58.0% and 41.9% compared to the 1% (w/w) minoxidil and oral finasteride (1 mg/kg)-treated mice. In addition, AA–TF#15 showed a higher expression level of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1, β-catenin, cyclin D1, and pyruvate kinase M2 proteins in the skin of AA–TF#15-treated mice compared to that of those treated with minoxidil and oral finasteride. These findings suggest AA–TF#15 is an effective formulation for the treatment of scalp androgenic alopecia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alopecia is the most common and difficult-to-treat hair disorder. It usually brings a significant psychological burden to the patients. With the growing popularity of alopecia, the study of alopecia has gained more attention. Currently, only minoxidil and finasteride have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of alopecia, but the efficacy has always been unsatisfactory. As a new form of transdermal drug delivery, microneedles have been widely used in the treatment of alopecia and have proven to be effective. Microneedles delivery can improve the efficiency of local drug delivery and patients' compliance, which can achieve better therapeutic effects on hair-related diseases. Therefore, microneedles have gained much attention in the field of alopecia and hair regrowth promotion in recent years. This review summarizes the last decade of research on the microneedles delivery design for the treatment of alopecia or promotion of hair regrowth and provides a comprehensive evaluation of this field. Microneedles delivery strategy in stratified skin for promoting hair regrowth. Drugs can be combined with nanocarriers, exogenous stimulation, and the microneedles delivery system for targeted, controlled release delivery of drugs directly to the area of the hair follicle and the treatment of the disease. [Display omitted] • The types of alopecia and treatments are introduced. • Different types of microneedles in the field of alopecia are presented. • The clinical trials and current status of microneedles for alopecia are summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an urgent need for new treatments to solve hair loss problem. As mesenchymal stem cells were proved to have effects on promoting tissue repair and regeneration, in which the exosome plays a vital role, we aim to investigate the influence of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells exosome (UCMSC-Exos) on hair growth and its mechanism. The hUCMSC-Exos were extracted by ultracentrifugation. Primary fibroblasts were cultured with or without hUCMSC-Exos and cell proliferation was evaluated by CCK-8 assay. C57BL/6 mice model of depilation-induced hair regrowth was treated with either hUCMSC-Exos (200 μg/mL) or PBS on one side of the dorsal back. Real time quantitative PCR, flow cytometry analysis, immunohistochemistry and Immunofluorescent staining were used to analyze the regulative effect of hUCMSC-Exos on hair follicle stem/progenitor cells and Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The proliferation of fibroblasts incubated with hUCMSC-Exos at the concentration of 200 μg/mL was greater than other groups. Treatment with hUCMSC-Exos resulted in rapid reentry into anagen. Hair follicle stem/progenitor cell markers (K15, Lgr5, Lgr6, CD34 and Lrig1) and Wnt/β-catenin pathway related factors (Wnt5, Lef1, Lrp5 and β-catenin) were increased in hUCMSC-Exos-injected region. hUCMSC-Exos promote fibroblasts proliferation and accelerate mouse hair regrowth by upregulating hair follicle stem/progenitor cell and Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which suggests potential therapeutic approaches for hair loss disorders. • Exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSC-exos) can be extracted by ultracentrifugation. • hUCMSC-exos promote fibroblasts proliferation. • hUCMSC-exos accelerate mouse hair regrowth by upregulating hair follicle stem/progenitor cells and Wnt/β-catenin pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alopecia universalis (AU) is a rare form of hair loss characterized by the complete absence of hair on the scalp and body. It is an advanced form of alopecia areata. There is currently no definitive treatment for this condition, and management options are limited. This case report describes the successful treatment of a 37-year-old female patient with AU using oral tofacitinib 5 mg BID, an oral Janus kinase inhibitor. The patient experienced clinically significant hair regrowth on the scalp and eyebrows after 6 months of treatment with tofacitinib, along with the concurrent use of oral mini-pulse betamethasone, topical minoxidil 5%, and clobetasol lotion. This case highlights the potential efficacy of tofacitinib as a promising therapeutic option for AU, without notable safety concerns. Moreover, it is also well tolerated in this patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hair loss is a disease that requires accurate diagnosis and type-specific medical treatment. Many hair loss treatments have some side effects, such as hormone-related effects, so there is a need for safe and effective hair loss treatment. In this study, we investigated the effects of Lactobacillus paracasei HY7015 (HY7015) and Lycopus lucidus Turcz. (LT) extract on hair regrowth and protection. In vitro experiments were conducted to assess the effects of HY7015 and/or LT extract on human follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPC) of cytoprotective functions such as proliferations, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and growth factor expressions. In animal experiments, we investigated hair regrowth rate, hair follicle formation and secretion of growth factors in telogenic C57BL/6 mice. We confirmed the cytoprotective effects of HY7015 and LT through regulations of proliferation, SOD and IL-1β in HFDPC. In mouse experiments, oral administration of HY7015 and LT promoted hair regrowth as well as hair follicle maturation in the dermal skin of C57BL/6 mice, and upregulated VEGF and IGF-1 growth factor levels in mouse serum. In summary, our data demonstrate that ingestions of HY7015 and LT can promote hair regrowth by enhancing cytoprotective effects and expressions of growth factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Androgenetic Alopecia (AA) is characterised by progressive-patterned hair loss from the scalp affecting males and females alike. Miniaturisation of the hair follicle with associated hereditary tendency is one of the major primary causal factors for the pathogenesis of AA. Various treatment modalities have been proposed for the management of AA including minoxidil, finastride, etc.; however, they are associated with known side-effects. Aim: To evaluate the effect of intradermal Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) administration, along with oral biotin supplement for the management of AA in males. Materials and Methods: The present randomised clinical study was conducted at Department of Dermatology, B.J. Medical College and Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India from January 2012 to May 2013. A total of 40 healthy adult males of Indian origin, with a history of hair loss, completed the 12 month trial. They were equally randomised into two groups. Subjects enrolled in group A (n=20) received intradermal administration of autologous PRP, every 15 days for three months along with oral biotin tablets, once daily for three months, while those in group B (n=20) received oral biotin tablets, once daily for three months. Hair regrowth was evaluated using a standardised 7-point rating scale at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months intervals, by the same investigator. Chi-square test was used to statistically assess the data. The p-value for significance was established at <0.05. Results: Individuals in group A had mean age of 32.3±6.1 years and showed statistically significant (p-value <0.05) increase in hair regrowth at 6 months, 9 and 12 months; compared to Group B with mean age of 30.7±5.2 years. Conclusion: Intradermal administration of PRP along with oral biotin tablet supplementation resulted in a statistically significant increase in hair regrowth, without any remarkable side-effects. PRP is a safe and effective treatment modality in adult males, with AA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease that results in partial or total balding of the scalp and/or body. Treatments available are minimally effective, have severe side effects, and are often painful. Given these burdens, patients may not feel undergoing treatment is worthwhile. The purpose of this study is to characterize the willingness of patients with alopecia areata to undergo treatment. We found that few patients are willing to undergo treatment at the risk of severe health side effects. The most acceptable form of treatment administration was topical and the least acceptable was injection at the site of hair loss. A majority of patients would only undergo treatment for hair growth that is cosmetically acceptable and the most important site of hair regrowth was the scalp. The willingness to undergo treatment differed significantly by gender, age, time since disease onset, and disease severity. This study offers insight into the preferences of patients with alopecia areata and characteristics that would make treatment widely acceptable. Institutions conducting research on treatment for alopecia areata can use the results of this study to better understand the needs of their target population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hair follicles play a crucial role in hair growth, wound healing, thermoregulation, and sebum production. Hair loss affects millions of people worldwide, yet therapeutic options for managing hair loss and pattern baldness are limited. Isoquercitrin (IQ), a natural small molecule from drinkable Chinese tea, is famous for anti-aging properties., Purpose: This study aimed to explore the potential of IQ in treating and preventing hair loss, along with its underlying mechanisms., Methods: The adult male and female, as well as middle-aged female sprague dawley (SD) rats were used to conduct hair growth experiments in vivo. Signaling pathways and target protein identification were analyzed through western blotting, drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS), cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analyses. Further, the targets were confirmed through in vivo inhibition experiments., Results: IQ is reported here to stimulate anagen phase initiation and hair regrowth by directly interacting with adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R). This process involves the AMPK/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/ unc-51-like autophagy-activating kinase 1 (ULK1) signalling pathway to trigger autophagy and the IGF-1R/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3 K)/protein Kinase B (AKT), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/ vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)/ angiotensin (ANG) pathways to promote angiogenesis in female rats. Furthermore, the hair regrowth efficacy of IQ in adult male rats and middle-aged female rats was verified and shown. Similarly, our findings indicate that IQ promotes hair regrowth in middle-aged rats through autophagy and angiogenesis, akin to its effects in adult rats., Conclusion: AMPK and IGF-1R proteins are identified as the target proteins of IQ and the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1, IGF-1R/PI3K/AKT and VEGF/VEGFR/ANG signalling pathways take important roles in hair growth effect of IQ. Thus, these signaling pathways are crucial for developing future treatments and clinical strategies for hair regeneration., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier GmbH.)

Background: The skin covers the surface of the body and acts as the first defense barrier against environmental damage. Exposure of the skin to environmental physical and chemical factors such as mechanical injuries, UV rays, air pollution, chemicals, etc. Leads to numerous damages to skin cells such as fibroblasts, keratinocytes, melanocytes, etc. The harmful effects of environmental factors on skin cells could lead to various skin diseases, chronic wounds, wrinkles, and skin aging. Hair is an essential part of the body, serving multiple functions such as regulating body temperature and protecting against external factors like dust (through eyelashes and eyebrows). It also reflects an individual's personality. Therefore, the need for new treatment methods for skin diseases and lesions and at the same time preserving the youth, freshness, and beauty of the skin has been highly noticed by experts. Exosomes are nanovesicles derived from cells that contain various biological compounds such as lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. They are secreted by a variety of mammalian cells and even different plants. Exosomes are of great interest as a new therapeutic approach due to their stability, ability to be transported throughout the body, paracrine and endocrine effects, as well as the ability to carry various compounds and drugs to target cells., Aim: In this review, we have discussed the characteristics of exosomes, their cellular sources, and their therapeutic effects on wrinkles, skin aging, and rejuvenation and hair regrowth., Competing Interests: None., (© 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier BV on behalf of The Japanese Society for Regenerative Medicine.)

Introduction: The autoimmune hair loss condition alopecia areata (AA) exacts a substantial psychological and socioeconomic toll on patients. Biotechnology companies, dermatology clinics, and research institutions are dedicated to understanding AA pathogenesis and developing new therapeutic approaches. Despite recent efforts, many knowledge gaps persist, and multiple treatment development avenues remain unexplored., Areas Covered: This review summarizes key AA disease mechanisms, current therapeutic methods, and emerging treatments, including Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitors. The authors determine that innovative drug discovery strategies for AA are still needed due to continued unmet medical needs and the limited efficacy of current and emerging therapeutics. For prospective AA treatment developers, the authors identify the pre-clinical disease models available, their advantages, and limitations. Further, they outline treatment development opportunities that remain largely unmapped., Expert Opinion: While recent advancements in AA therapeutics are promising, challenges remain, including the lack of consistent treatment efficacy, long-term use and safety issues, drug costs, and patient compliance. Future drug development research should focus on patient stratification utilizing robust biomarkers of AA disease activity and improved quantification of treatment response. Investigating superior modes of drug application and developing combination therapies may further improve outcomes. Spirited innovation will be needed to advance more effective treatments for AA.

Keratins, the most abundant proteins in human hair, are excellent hair nutrients for growth. However, the complex components of keratin extract hinder their mechanism investigation, and the pure recombinant keratin with poor solubility limited its hair growth promotion efficiency. Here, the water-soluble recombinant keratins (RKs) of K31 and K81 are rationally designed through QTY Code methodology, which are then used to fabricate the microneedles to study the effect of keratin on hair growth. Interestingly, it is discovered that more than 40% of the hair follicles (HFs) in the RK81 QTY group entered the anagen on day 12 and the diameter of new hair is 15.10 ± 2.45 µm, which significantly promoted growth and development of HFs and improved new hair quality compared to RK31 QTY . Water-soluble RKs significantly enhanced HFs activity and de novo regeneration of robust hairs compared to extract and minoxidil by upregulating the PI3K/AKT/Nf-κB signaling axis. These findings highlight the potential of designing solubilized recombinant keratins with distinct properties to improve therapeutical effects and open new avenues to designing keratin-based proteins., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Introduction: Androgenetic Alopecia (AA) is characterised by progressive-patterned hair loss from the scalp affecting males and females alike. Miniaturisation of the hair follicle with associated hereditary tendency is one of the major primary causal factors for the pathogenesis of AA. Various treatment modalities have been proposed for the management of AA including minoxidil, finastride, etc.; however, they are associated with known side-effects. Aim: To evaluate the effect of intradermal Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) administration, along with oral biotin supplement for the management of AA in males. Materials and Methods: The present randomised clinical study was conducted at Department of Dermatology, B.J. Medical College and Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India from January 2012 to May 2013. A total of 40 healthy adult males of Indian origin, with a history of hair loss, completed the 12 month trial. They were equally randomised into two groups. Subjects enrolled in group A (n=20) received intradermal administration of autologous PRP, every 15 days for three months along with oral biotin tablets, once daily for three months, while those in group B (n=20) received oral biotin tablets, once daily for three months. Hair regrowth was evaluated using a standardised 7-point rating scale at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months intervals, by the same investigator. Chi-square test was used to statistically assess the data. The p-value for significance was established at

Interest in transdermal delivery methods for stimulating hair regrowth has been increasing recently. The microneedle approach can break the barrier of the stratum corneum through puncture ability and improve drug delivery efficiency. Herein, we report a dissolvable microneedle device for the co-delivery of rapamycin and epigallocatechin gallate nanoparticles that can significantly promote hair regeneration. Compared with the mice without any treatment, our strategy can facilitate hair growth within 7 days. Higher hair shaft growth rate and hair follicle density with inconspicuous inflammation were exhibited in C57BL/6 mice, elucidating its potential for clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Temperature-responsive detachable microneedles with robust adhesion and mechanical strength were developed. • The microneedle system facilitated transdermal drug release, reduced drug dose, and provided robust manipulation. • The microneedle system exhibited remarkable hair regrowth promotion effect and accelerated vascularization. Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is one of the most customary inducement of hair loss, and topical minoxidil (MXD) has been widely used to treat AGA, but the drug delivery rate is seriously limited by the poor solubility of MXD and traditional inefficient transdermal delivery methods. Microneedles (MNs) can directly puncture the skin for administration with improved drug delivery rate and weaker side effects. However, the common solid MN is easy to fall off, especially in hairy areas, which reduces the duration of drug action. To ensure robust attachment and prolong the drug efficacy, we designed minoxidil nanoparticle-loaded hyaluronic acid (HA) microneedles and integrated with a switchable temperature-responsive adhesion ring, which polished the solubility of MXD and made the MNs retained in the body for a longer time and improved clinical operability. In AGA model, the MXD NP-loaded MN system could promote the hair follicles transformation from telogen phase to anagen phase. Compared with the application of the traditional minoxidil solution, our MN system can achieve therapeutic effect with a lower dose and frequency, which reduced side effects and advanced user compliance. Therefore, this transdermal delivery system can possibly offer a promising strategy for treating alopecia and other dermatoses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, about 50% of men and 15–30% of women are estimated to face hair-related problems, which create a significant psychological burden. Conventional treatments, including drug therapy and transplantation, remain the main strategies for the clinical management of these problems. However, these treatments are hindered by challenges such as drug-induced adverse effects and poor drug penetration due to the skin’s barrier. Therefore, various efforts have been undertaken to enhance drug permeation based on the mechanisms of hair regrowth. Notably, understanding the delivery and diffusion of topically administered drugs is essential in hair loss research. This review focuses on the advancement of transdermal strategies for hair regrowth, particularly those involving external stimulation and regeneration (topical administration) as well as microneedles (transdermal delivery). Furthermore, it also describes the natural products that have become alternative agents to prevent hair loss. In addition, given that skin visualization is necessary for hair regrowth as it provides information on drug localization within the skin’s structure, this review also discusses skin visualization strategies. Finally, it details the relevant patents and clinical trials in these areas. Together, this review highlights the innovative strategies for skin visualization and hair regrowth, aiming to provide novel ideas to researchers studying hair regrowth in the future.

Minoxidil is the most widely used treatment for hair growth, but has been associated with several side effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of heat-killed Enterococcus faecalis EF-2001 on hair loss prevention and regrowth using human dermal papilla cells and male C57BL/6 mice. To examine the effects of EF-2001, we used minoxidil as the positive control. In the in vitro experiments, EF-2001 treatment (75–500 μg/mL) led to the proliferation of human dermal papilla cells in a concentration-dependent manner. In the in vivo experiment, the topical application of 200 µL EF-2001 on the dorsal surface of C57BL/6 male mice led to hair growth. Changes in hair regrowth were examined by visual comparison and hematoxylin and eosin staining of skin sections. We also determined the expression levels of marker genes (Wnt) and growth factors (fibroblast growth factor, insulin growth factor 1, and vascular endothelial growth factor) in the skin tissues of the back of each mouse using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction. EF-2001 accelerated the progression of hair regrowth in mice and promoted hair-follicle conversion from telogen to anagen, likely by increasing the expression levels of growth factors and marker genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Androgenetic alopecia, the most common form of hair loss in men, is associated with significant distress and lowered self-esteem. Various medical, surgical, and miscellaneous therapeutic modalities are available for management. Autologous platelet-rich plasma has yielded encouraging results in androgenetic alopecia. Objective: To evaluate the application of easily available techniques to prepare autologous platelet-rich plasma and study its effect in promoting hair regrowth. Material and methods: After ethical clearance, 30 men were enrolled in this prospective, interventional, non-randomized study. After baseline evaluation, autologous platelet-rich plasma was injected on pre-anaesthetised scalp. 20 ml of whole blood yielded 2 ml of platelet-rich plasma by double centrifugation. A 4-5 times increased platelet concentration from baseline was obtained. Six sessions done at 3-week intervals. The last follow-up was taken 3 months after the last platelet-rich plasma session. An evaluator assessed the improvement by pre- and post-treatment photographs, trichoscopic parameters, and basic and specific classification of androgenetic alopecia. The patient subjective score was also recorded. Results: The mean age of participants was 27.47 years. The most responsive area was frontal (p = 0.001). The hair-shaft thickness improved by a mean of 45.11%. The mean number of hairs per follicular unit increased by 31.79%. A mean gain of 6.53 follicular units was obtained. 53.3% of patients sustained benefits from platelet-rich plasma. Evaluator assessment score overall was +5 on the Jaeschke scale of -7 to +7. The overall patient subjective score was 2 on a scale from 0 to 4. Conclusions: Autologous platelet-rich plasma causes an increase in hair shaft thickness and numbers of hairs per follicular unit in men with androgenetic alopecia with no major side effects. It can be prepared easily in the dermatological office setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Lichen planopilaris (LPP) is a cell-mediated scarring alopecia that causes inflammation of the scalp and the eventual destruction of hair follicles in affected areas. Current literature on treatment of LPP remains limited with no definitive treatment approach being recognized, although a combination of topical/intralesional steroids and orally administered hydroxychloroquine remains the most utilized option. Low-level light therapy (LLLT) is an expanding technology shown to be effective in a variety of dermatologic conditions. We report here four patients with LPP who show a dramatic response to LLLT, including a reduction of inflammation, disappearance of symptoms, and evident hair regrowth with no side effects. We review the possible role of LLLT in LPP and other lichenoid conditions.

Context Although Salvia plebeia (SP) R. Brown (Labiatae) is known to possess various biological activities, the effects of SP on hair growth have not been elucidated. Objective To investigate the hair growth potential of SP extract by using human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) and C57BL/6 mice. Materials and methods The entire SP plant sample was ground into powder and extracted with 99.9% methyl alcohol. Various concentrations of SP extract were added to hDPCs to evaluate the proliferation, migration, and factors related to hair growth and cycling. Effect of topical SP administration on hair regrowth was tested in vivo in male C57BL/6 mice for 21 days. Results SP extract significantly increased the proliferation of cultured hDPCs at doses of 15.6 and 31.3 μg/mL compared to control group by 123% and 132%, respectively. Expression of hepatocyte growth factor increased while the level of TGF-β1 and SMAD2/3 decreased when treated with SP extract. At the molecular level, the extract activated Wnt/β-catenin signalling by raising β-catenin and phospho-GSK3β expression. SP extract also exerted anti-apoptotic and proliferative effects in hDPCs by increasing the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and activating cell proliferation-related proteins, ERK and Akt. Finally, the extract caused an induction of the anagen phase leading to significantly enhanced hair growth in treated male mice. Discussion and conclusion Our results indicate that SP extract has the capacity to activate hDPCs into a proliferative state to promote hair growth. Further research is necessary to determine the bioactive components and their mechanisms of action responsible for SP-related hair growth effect.

Atraric acid (AA) is a phenolic compound isolated from Stereocaulon japonicum that has demonstrated anti-androgen properties and was used to design an alternative formulation for the treatment of alopecia. This new topical formulation was designed using a solvent mixture system composed of ethanol as a volatile vehicle, oleic acid as a permeation enhancer, and water for skin hydration. The ideal topical AA formulation (AA–TF#15) exhibited an 8.77-fold higher human skin flux and a 570% increase in dermal drug deposition, compared to 1% (w/w) AA in ethanol. In addition, compared to other formulations, AA–TF#15 (1% [w/w] AA) activated keratinocytes and human dermal papilla cell proliferation at a concentration of 50 µM AA, which is equivalent to 50 µM minoxidil. Moreover, AA–TF#15 treatment produced a significant increase in hair regrowth by 58.0% and 41.9% compared to the 1% (w/w) minoxidil and oral finasteride (1 mg/kg)-treated mice. In addition, AA–TF#15 showed a higher expression level of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1, β-catenin, cyclin D1, and pyruvate kinase M2 proteins in the skin of AA–TF#15-treated mice compared to that of those treated with minoxidil and oral finasteride. These findings suggest AA–TF#15 is an effective formulation for the treatment of scalp androgenic alopecia.

Hair regrowth with no adverse effects following nonablative 2940‐nm Er:YAG laser treatment in alopecia universalis patient resulted in high patient satisfaction and compliance. As the main challenge in alopecia universalis is maintenance of regrown hair, patient compliance associated with this treatment might represent an advantage over traditional treatment modalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different studies highlight photo-receptors' presence on the hair follicle that seems to be capable of eliciting hair growth. This study aims to demonstrate blue light's effectiveness on hair growth in patients affected by androgenetic alopecia. Twenty patients enrolled at Magna Graecia University Unit of Dermatology, affected by androgenetic alopecia, were treated with a blue LED light device at 417 ± 10 nm, fluence of 120 J/cm2, and power intensity of 60 mW/cm2 ± 20%. The treatments were performed twice a week for ten consecutive weeks. Patients were evaluated before and 1 month after the end of therapy clinically using standardized global photographs and dermoscopically estimating hair density and hair shaft width. An increase in hair density and hair shaft width was recorded in 90% of patients after 10 weeks. Photographic improvement was noted in 80% of the patients. No serious adverse events have been reported. The only side effect consisted in a darkening of the hair, perhaps due to melanic stimulation due to blue light in 2 patients. Blue light therapy is a promising therapy for patients affected by androgenetic alopecia and other diseases characterized by hair loss. Further studies will be necessary to confirm the findings of this preliminary study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]