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A triethanolamine-modified poloxamer temperature-sensitive hair care gel was formulated in order to reduce the adverse health effects associated with sodium thioglycolate (TGA(Na)), the active component in hair treatment agents, while maintaining excellent efficacy. It was found that TEA-3 gelled at 32 °C with a triethanolamine concentration of 3 %. This formulation exhibited a reversible phase transition, transitioning to a solid state upon contact with the scalp (>32 °C) and reverting to a liquid state when in contact with hair (<32 °C). The release behavior of TGA(Na) from the gel was assessed by both in vitro release studies and transdermal experiments. In addition, it was observed that the triethanolamine-modified poloxamer gel exhibited improved hair care efficiency compared to conventional hair care agents. These results suggest that the triethanolamine-modified poloxamer gel is a promising alternative to conventional hair care products, offering improved efficacy while minimizing potential adverse health effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of a mixture of amino acids in hair care was studied. The repair effect of this raw material on hair was evaluated by stretching test and combing test. The experimental results showed that, the amino acid combination could increase the tension in the yield zone by 29.4% and reduce the combing work of hair by 22.4% dry combing and 18.1% wet combing. According to the results of spectral characterization, fluorescent penetration test and stress relaxation test, it could be concluded that the amino acid combination could repair the broken bonds by permeating into the hair and thus achieve the effect of toughening, and make the hair lipid transfer to the hair surface, which lead to a repairing effect on the hair surface and improved the hair combability. In particular, it had significant repair effect on the damaged hair caused by perm and hair coloring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patient-centered care requires assessment, implementation, and evaluation of initiatives that meet a range of diverse patient needs, including hair care. Care initiatives included goals of improving cultural awareness of textured hair care needs and education regarding diverse patient populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PT. Paragon Technology and Innovation is an Indonesian company within the Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) industry that produces cosmetic products. PT Paragon is currently planning to develop new product and need understand further what product shall be prioritized to develop. Customer segmentation could be applied to give initial guide to determine which product to develop first. It is a process that divides customers into groups to find out the characteristics, behavior, or needs of customers for a product. Customer segmentation needs to be conducted because it can be used as supporting data to find out customer characteristics and determine effective and efficient marketing strategies for the company. Segmentation is one of the strategies to face business competition, to retain customers, and to assist management in developing marketing strategies to increase sales and company growth. The purpose of this study is to categorize the customers of PT Paragon Technology and Innovation products based on their characteristics. To determine customer segmentation can be done using the K-Means clustering algorithm. The clustering process is carried out by grouping PT Paragon's customer transaction history data in 2023 in November based on four categories, namely Face Care, Hair Care, Body Wash, and Make Up. The data is analyzed using IBM SPSS to determine the characteristics of each cluster. The population and samples used in the research were 79 and 52. The number of clusters used was 5, namely cluster 1 or struggling man customers, cluster 2 or beauty enthusiast customers, cluster 3 or forever young customers, cluster 4 or beauty careless casual customers and cluster 5 or luxtomer. The main cluster that provides shared value for PT Paragon Technology and Innovation consumers is cluster 2 or beauty enthusiast customers. The main category for shared value is the makeup category, referring to the result, we recommend PT Paragon to mainly develop a product following that category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: With the constant upgrading of healthcare concepts, silicone‐free hair products have attracted more attention among consumers. In the present study, transparent silicone‐free shampoo containing proteins was successfully fabricated by mixing mild non‐sulphate surfactants, compound cationic conditioners, natural silicone oil substitutes, protein conditioners, thickeners, and other auxiliary ingredients. The effects of the type of surfactants, hair conditioners and thickeners, the type and content of proteins, and the mass ratio of compound proteins on the hair foaming performance, hair grooming performance, and penetration performance were investigated. Methods: The basic formulation framework for transparent silicone‐free shampoo was established at first. Then, various hydrolyzed proteins were further added to the basic formulation in the form of single use or compound use to prepare transparent silicone‐free shampoo containing different proteins. The morphology of hair samples and penetration of protein in hair were evaluated with a scanning electron microscope and laser confocal fluorescence microscopy, respectively. And the hair grooming performance was also determined by a dynamic combing tester. Results: The compound proteins of Croquat WKP PE‐LQ‐WD and Gluadin® Kera‐PLM with mass ratios of 1:9 and 1:1 at 2 wt% total protein content added to the silicone‐free shampoo brought a higher contact angle and a lower frictional coefficient than commercial silicone‐free shampoo without proteins. In addition, the compound proteins also have the dual effect of adsorbing the hair surface and penetrating deep into the interior of the hair. Conclusion: The combination of cationic modified hydrolyzed protein (e.g., Croquat WKP PE‐LQ‐WD) and hydrolyzed protein with low molecular weight (e.g., Gluadin® Kera‐P LM) at an appropriate mass ratio exhibited a strong synergistic effect on hair conditioning properties. It could provide a significant reference for developing silicone‐free hair products with more benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The human scalp is characterized by a moderately diverse microbial community, comprising prokaryotic (bacteria) and eukaryotic (fungi) members. Although the details are far from being fully understood, the human scalp microbiota is implicated in several scalp disorders, in particular dandruff formation. Hence, the protection of an intact and diverse scalp microbiota can be regarded as a quality criterion for hair and scalp care formulations. In this study, we investigated the influence of two commercially available, non‐antimicrobial shampoo formulations on the structure of the scalp microbiota. Methods: Scalp microbiota samples, obtained by swab sampling from two cohorts of probands (n = 25, each), were analysed before and after daily use of two different shampoo formulations for 2 weeks, respectively. A polyphasic approach was used, comprising quantitative cultivation of bacteria and fungi on selective media as well as sequencing of PCR‐amplified 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes, respectively. Results: All analyses revealed a microbiota composition typical for the human scalp. While in particular fungal germ numbers increased significantly during the treatments, overall bacterial and fungal community composition was not affected, based on alpha‐ and beta‐diversity measures. However, we observed an increase in structural bacterial diversity with the age of the probands. Conclusions: Over an application period of 2 weeks, the investigated shampoo induced quantitative but no qualitative changes in the scalp microbial community structure of the investigated probands, suggesting no adverse but rather preserving or even stimulating effects of the underlying formulations on the scalp microbiota. Further investigation will have to clarify if this is also true for longer application periods and if the formulations might affect community functionality, for example microbial gene expression, rather than community composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although hair has been found to be a barrier to physical activity (PA) among adult black women, the research exploring this phenomenon among black adolescent girls is deficient. This presents a concern because physical inactivity can lead to obesity and a host of comorbidities. This qualitative study explores hair experiences of black adolescent girls and how they maintain their cultural hair practices in hopes of promoting PA among this at-risk population. Methods: Focus groups were conducted for 37 black adolescent girls attending a public high school in Newark, New Jersey. Results: The participants reported increasing hair knowledge via social media, sociocultural influences of family and culture, and the driving force of their peer group, a concept identified in the focus groups as Hair IQ (intelligence quotient). Hair IQ helped the participants learn how to maintain their hair practices before and after PA. These factors combined to develop a framework described as the "Mane"taining model. Conclusions: The findings suggest the "Mane"taining model may provide pathways for engaging in PA for this population and serve as an example for adult black women who face similar barriers to PA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waritsara Piyanonpong, Poonkiat Suchonwanit Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, ThailandCorrespondence: Poonkiat Suchonwanit, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand, Tel +66-2-2011141, Fax +66-2-201-1211 Ext 4, Email poonkiat@hotmail.comAbstract: Plica neuropathica (PN), also known as plica polonica, trichoma, matting, felting, or bird’s nest hair, is a common but rarely reported hair disorder. It is characterized by the abrupt onset of irreversible hair entanglement, forming a densely matted hair mass. PN has been associated with the use of ionic or herbal shampoos, vigorous hair care practice, self-neglect, systemic infection, parasitic infestation, immunosuppressive drugs, and psychiatric conditions. However, literature supporting the coexistence of PN in psychiatric disorders is scarce. PN may be one of the presenting symptoms observed by physicians. In some cases of psychiatric illness, patients consult more readily with non-mental health professionals than psychologists or psychiatrists. To highlight this issue, we herein report a case of PN in a 32-year-old woman with a 1-month history of being unable to detangle her hair. The patient initially visited the dermatology department and was subsequently diagnosed with schizophrenia following psychiatric consultation. After establishing the fundamental diagnosis apparently underlying the PN, psychiatric treatment with antipsychotic medication and dermatological treatment of the hair condition were instituted. There was an improvement in both at the four-week follow-up. This case history highlights a rare presentation of schizophrenia.Keywords: electrostatic force, hair care, matted hair, psychodermatology, self-neglect, trichology

Background: Age‐related changes in scalp parameters affect hair quality and scalp condition. However, detailed data on biophysical parameters of the scalp across age groups remain scarce. We aimed to investigate the differences in scalp parameters between individuals in their 20s and 50s and analyze their sex‐specific variations. Materials and methods: Two hundred participants (160 women and 40 men) were equally divided into 20s and 50s age groups. Biophysical parameters of the scalp, including elasticity, pH, trans‐epidermal water loss (TEWL), sebum production, desquamation, firmness, redness, and yellowness, were measured in the vertex, occipital, and temporal regions. Hair density and thickness were measured in the temporal region. The accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the skin was noninvasively measured in a subset of 60 women. Results: Skin firmness and redness increased with age in women, whereas yellowness increased with age in both sexes. Sebum production and pH levels were significantly lower in the 50s age group than in the 20s age group, particularly in women. TEWL was lower in men in their 50s than in those in their 20s, particularly in the occipital region. A significant reduction in hair density was observed in the 50s age group in both sexes. AGE accumulation in the skin increased with age and was correlated with scalp skin yellowness. Conclusion: Age‐related changes in scalp parameters have important implications for hair health and scalp condition. These findings emphasize the importance of considering age and sex when developing hair care strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, there has been a growing demand for shampoos derived from botanical sources due to their avoidance of synthetic and highly allergenic chemicals used as bioactives and excipients. These hair care products are free from sulfates, parabens, silicones, synthetic fragrances, and artificial colours. Natural shampoos are sustainable, skin-friendly, and eco-friendly to the environment. Garcinia mangostana (Mangosteen) peel is usually discarded as agricultural waste. It consists of numerous bioactives which exhibit promising activities for hair care and scalp maintenance. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate a novel hair shampoo containing standardised mangosteen peel extract. The formulation of the mangosteen shampoo utilised botanical ingredients and naturally derived components. It underwent an evaluation to assess its physicochemical properties, including visual inspection, pH, surface tension, percentage solid content, wetting time, foam ability and stability, as well as dirt dispersion. These properties were then compared to those of two commercially available hair shampoos. Its antimicrobial activity towards Malassezia furfur ATCC 14521 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 was also examined and compared with the commercial shampoo using the microbroth dilution method. Its antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity assay. It was noticed that all formulations (F1–F4) had acceptable physicochemical properties, and they fell within the standard range. F2 had the best antifungal activity (MIC 0.039 mg/mL, MFC 0.156 mg/mL), and moderate antibacterial (MIC 2.50 mg/mL, MBC 5.00 mg/mL) and antioxidant activities (IC50 21.9 ± 3.27 mg/mL; AEAC 26.3 ± 4.06 mg AA/100 g sample). A microscopic examination of hair strands after washing revealed the successful removal of artificial sebum, signifying a good detergency effect. The physical and chemical properties of the hair shampoo formula remained stable without phase separation. In conclusion, the formulated clean hair shampoo with standardised mangosteen peel extract has good cleansing properties, and it is effective in inhibiting dandruff-causing microbial and scavenging free radicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics (2097-2806) is the property of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics (1001-1803) is the property of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the Middle Ages, hair was an element of great interest to men and women. Subject to daily treatments and activities, they played an important role in everyone‘s life. In medical treatises, compendia and handbooks from the 12th to the 14th century were the subjects of theoretical considerations and practical advice. According to the prevailing humoral theory, their colour, length, shape, and loss or excessive growth were meticulously analysed and explained. Attention was drawn to the issue of hair dyeing and the possibility of changing the colour. Particular attention was paid to baldness and greying, giving practical advice and simple or more complex recipes to prevent these processes. The source base is the works of St. Hildegard of Bingen, pope John XXI, Vincent of Beauvais, Taddeo Alderotti and Bernard de Gordon. In these sawmills, the issue of hair was highlighted, which in the Middle Ages played a significant role in the lives of both women and men.

Hair is constantly exposed to various adverse external stimuli, such as mechanical or thermal factors, that may cause damage or cause it to lose its shine and smooth appearance. These undesirable effects can be minimized by using hair conditioners, which repair the hair and restore the smooth effect desired by the consumer. Some of the currently used conditioning agents present low biodegradability and high toxicity to aquatic organisms. Consumers are also becoming more aware of environmental issues and shifting their preferences toward natural-based products. Therefore, developing novel, sustainable, natural-based derivatives that can act as conditioning agents in hair care products and thus compete with the traditional systems obtained from non-renewable sources is highly appealing. This paper presents the key physicochemical aspects of the hair conditioning process, including hair structure and degradation, and reviews some of the new alternative conditioning agents obtained from natural resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Respectus Philologicus is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Most of the traditional permanent hair dyes containing aniline molecules have the risk of carcinogenicity and sensitization. Since polydopamine has a similar molecular structure to eumelanin and good biocompatibility, the use of polydopamine in hair dyeing has become a hot research topic. However, due to the hydrophobic structure of the hair surface, the adhesion of dopamine in situ deposition on the hair surface is weak. Here, by taking advantage of the effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) to hair, dopamine (DA) was grafted onto HA via Schiff base reaction to strengthen the interactions between polydopamine and hair. The chemical structure of DA grafted hyaluronic acid (DAHA) was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FT-IR), Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer, Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1HNMR). The dyeing properties assisted by DAHA were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), single fiber strength tester and colorimeter. Results show that DA has been successfully grafted onto HA, and the grafting ratio for HA with a number average molecular weight of 0.2×104—1.0×104 was 34%. Compared with the hair samples dyeing without DAHA, the hair pretreated with DAHA has better color fastness after 30 washes. Moreover, with DAHA pretreatment, the tensile strength of hair improves, and the improvement rate is about 7.4%. SEM photos demonstrate that the polydopamine nanoparticles on the surface of hair dyed with DAHA were more uniform than those without DAHA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The beauty industry, one of the face‐to‐face the essential industries in the COVID‐19 pandemic, has been hit hard. Aims: We present the current state of the beauty ecosystem in the corona pandemic and the future direction of the beauty industry after COVID‐19. Methods: This review paper is a literature review, and a descriptive review approach was used in this study. A total of 100–150 references were selected using representative journal search sites such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopers, Research Gate, and RISS, and a total of 24 papers were finally selected as of 2017–2022 using PRISMA flow diagram. Results: In Korea, the beauty industry, which is essential to face‐to‐face due to COVID‐19, was hit hard. The contraction of consumer sentiment led to a drop in sales. The online market has become more active as offline activities have declined sharply. Even during the COVID‐19 era, the Republic of Korea is an IT powerhouse. With the widespread use of K‐drama and K‐pop, the interest in Korean beauty and fashion has increased rapidly throughout the world. Therefore, K‐Makeup, hair, skincare, and nailcare are all the rage through YouTube. Predict new changes in the Korean beauty industry market, which is the center of K‐beauty and K‐cosmetics. As a leader in the beauty industry, the Republic of Korea will present the sustainability of the beauty ecosystem and the direction of its development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical professionals that treat patients with alopecia usually lack knowledge about hair cosmetics. Trichologists focus on hair cycling and growth problems and not on the hair shaft integrity. This may lead to abandon of the use of the prescribed treatment, such as topical minoxidil or to inadequate traumatic grooming habits that may jeopardize hair follicle health. Shampoos, hair dyes, and hair-straightening products may alter hair fiber structure, remove lipids, and elude protein. Hair procedures such as hair dying and straightening have side effects and health concerns, especially for pregnant women or sensitive hair and scalp patients. Hair breakage, follicle traction, frizz, contact dermatitis, and mutagenicity are possible side effects of hair cosmetics misuse. The proper use of hair care products may help to increase patients' adherence to alopecia treatments and avoid health problems related to inadequate application of hair cosmetics and procedures.

In recent decades, there has been a growing demand for shampoos derived from botanical sources due to their avoidance of synthetic and highly allergenic chemicals used as bioactives and excipients. These hair care products are free from sulfates, parabens, silicones, synthetic fragrances, and artificial colours. Natural shampoos are sustainable, skin-friendly, and eco-friendly to the environment. Garcinia mangostana (Mangosteen) peel is usually discarded as agricultural waste. It consists of numerous bioactives which exhibit promising activities for hair care and scalp maintenance. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate a novel hair shampoo containing standardised mangosteen peel extract. The formulation of the mangosteen shampoo utilised botanical ingredients and naturally derived components. It underwent an evaluation to assess its physicochemical properties, including visual inspection, pH, surface tension, percentage solid content, wetting time, foam ability and stability, as well as dirt dispersion. These properties were then compared to those of two commercially available hair shampoos. Its antimicrobial activity towards Malassezia furfur ATCC 14521 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 was also examined and compared with the commercial shampoo using the microbroth dilution method. Its antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity assay. It was noticed that all formulations (F1–F4) had acceptable physicochemical properties, and they fell within the standard range. F2 had the best antifungal activity (MIC 0.039 mg/mL, MFC 0.156 mg/mL), and moderate antibacterial (MIC 2.50 mg/mL, MBC 5.00 mg/mL) and antioxidant activities (IC50 21.9 ± 3.27 mg/mL; AEAC 26.3 ± 4.06 mg AA/100 g sample). A microscopic examination of hair strands after washing revealed the successful removal of artificial sebum, signifying a good detergency effect. The physical and chemical properties of the hair shampoo formula remained stable without phase separation. In conclusion, the formulated clean hair shampoo with standardised mangosteen peel extract has good cleansing properties, and it is effective in inhibiting dandruff-causing microbial and scavenging free radicals.

Objective: Nanotechnology has been intensively applied to the development of novel cosmetic products for hair and scalp care during the last decades. Such a trend is corroborated by the fact that about 19% of the total nanocosmetics registered in the StatNano database are intended for hair and scalp care. Nanotechnology‐enabled formulations based on nanoparticles, cyclodextrins, liposomes and nanoemulsions have emerged as novel approaches due to chemical stability and their controlled release. Regarding hair care formulations, nanocarriers can target the hair shaft, hair follicle and scalp. Therefore, they have been used to treat several hair disorders, including dandruff and other hair‐damaging conditions. Methods: This review addressed the most important nanocarriers applied to hair‐related disorders improvement. Furthermore, the application for hair photoprotection and improvement of hair colour duration by nanotechnological formulations is also approached. Besides, we provided an overview of the current scenario of available nano‐based commercial hair products and novel patented inventions. Results: From the patent search, the Patent Cooperation Treaty was pointed as the most important depositing agency while the United States of America has been the most depositing country. On the contrary, according to the StatNano database, Brazil stands out in the hair care worldwide market, and it is also the main producer of hair cosmetics based on nanotechnology. Conclusion: As nano‐based products offer several advantages over conventional cosmetics, it is expected that in future, there will be more research on nanocarriers applied to hair disorders, as well as commercial products and patent applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy-induced alopecia is one of the most distressing side effects experienced by patients with cancer. Although most chemotherapy-induced alopecia is temporary, this side effect can cause significant anxiety and may lead to refusal of curative treatment. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine patient perceptions and measure adherence to haircare recommendations throughout the course of treatment while using scalp cooling therapy in addition to learning which haircare recommendations were the most onerous. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional observational and descriptive study that used repeated-measures survey data. Participants completed electronic surveys during each treatment corresponding with the current treatment phase. FINDINGS: Final survey results revealed that most participants adhered to haircare recommendations with little difficulty and that the recommendations had an insignificant impact on daily lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Essential oils have great interest among the increasing demand for herbal cosmetics in the market. They are natural sources of biologically active ingredients due to the wide application of such compounds as well as their particular chemical composition. Several researches have evaluated the effectiveness of these bioactive ingredients for use in cosmeceuticals, mainly in both hair scalp and shaft hair damage repair. Thus, the amounts and their associations define the properties of these compositions with interest for hair cosmetic use, such as antioxidant, inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. Because they are complex compounds, their actions on the skin, hair scalp, and shaft are not yet fully understood. Aims: The purpose of this review is to highlight the relevant researches and findings on essential oils in hair care. Methods: In order to achieve this objective, the present work comprises an updated bibliographic review related to essential oils used in hair care. Results: It was possible to observe that cosmeceuticals containing essential oils applied to the scalp are preferable for topical activity. Also, it was noticed that there are few reports regarding their use in hair shaft. However, it was found that some oils are used to intensify the brightness and fix the hair color. Conclusions: This work demonstrated that the use of essential oils in both cosmetic products (industrial application) and those associated with oils carriers (as individual protocols) may lead to satisfactory results in the treatment of some scalp dysfunctions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hair care and treatment has evolved significantly through the years as new formulations are continuously being explored in an attempt to meet the demand in cosmetic and medicinal fields. While standard hair care procedures include hair washing, aimed at hair cleansing and maintenance, as well as hair dyeing and bleaching formulations for hair embellishment, modern hair treatments are mainly focused on circumventing hair loss conditions, strengthening hair follicle properties and treat hair infestations. In this regard, active compounds (ACs) included in hair cosmetic formulations include a vast array of hair cleansing and hair dye molecules, and typical hair treatments include anti-hair loss ACs (e.g. minoxidil and finasteride) and anti-lice ACs (e.g. permethrin). However, several challenges still persist, as conventional AC formulations exhibit sub-optimal performance and some may present toxicity issues, calling for an improved design of formulations regarding both efficacy and safety. More recently, nano-based strategies encompassing nanomaterials have emerged as promising tailored approaches to improve the performance of ACs incorporated into hair cosmetics and treatment formulations. The interest in using these nanomaterials is based on account of their ability to: (1) increase stability, safety and biocompatibility of ACs; (2) maximize hair affinity, contact and retention, acting as versatile biointerfaces; (3) enable the controlled release of ACs in both hair and scalp, serving as prolonged AC reservoirs; besides offering (4) hair follicle targeting features attending to the possibility of surface tunability. This review covers the breakthrough of nanomaterials for hair cosmetics and hair treatment, focusing on organic nanomaterials (polymer-based and lipid-based nanoparticles) and inorganic nanomaterials (nanosheets, nanotubes and inorganic nanoparticles), as well as their applications, highlighting their potential as innovative multifunctional nanomaterials towards maximized hair care and treatment. This manuscript is focused on reviewing the nanotechnological strategies investigated for hair care and treatment so far. While conventional formulations exhibit sub-optimal performance and some may present toxicity issues, the selection of improved and suitable nanodelivery systems is of utmost relevance to ensure a proper active ingredient release in both hair and scalp, maximize hair affinity, contact and retention, and provide hair follicle targeting features, warranting stability, efficacy and safety. This innovative manuscript highlights the advantages of nanotechnology-based approaches, particularly as tunable and versatile biointerfaces, and their applications as innovative multifunctional nanomaterials towards maximized hair care and treatment. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics (1001-1803) is the property of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Biosurfactants produced by a variety of microorganisms show attractive properties (e.g., higher surface activity and biodegradability, lower toxicity, and environmental compatibility) compared to chemically synthesized counterparts. The numerous advantages of biosurfactants have prompted their application to not only the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries, but agriculture and environmental protection disciplines as well. Among different types of biosurfactants, glycolipids are the most practically useful, due to their high product titers from renewable resources and versatile interfacial and biochemical properties. Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) are characteristic glycolipid biosurfactants that are produced by different yeast strains of the genus Pseudozyma. MELs exhibit different lyotropic liquid crystalline phases, such as sponge (L3), reverse bicontinuous cubic (V2), or lamellar (Lα) phases; and they have high levels of surface activity at very low concentrations. MELs also show excellent moisturizing effects on human skin and hair, with comparable performance to natural ceramides. Today, MELs are commercially produced by a Japanese company and their use is rapidly expanding around the world. In this review, we will briefly describe the current R&D status of glycolipid biosurfactants, with a focus on the interfacial properties of MELs and their applications in cosmetic and personal care products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hair is constantly exposed to various adverse external stimuli, such as mechanical or thermal factors, that may cause damage or cause it to lose its shine and smooth appearance. These undesirable effects can be minimized by using hair conditioners, which repair the hair and restore the smooth effect desired by the consumer. Some of the currently used conditioning agents present low biodegradability and high toxicity to aquatic organisms. Consumers are also becoming more aware of environmental issues and shifting their preferences toward natural-based products. Therefore, developing novel, sustainable, natural-based derivatives that can act as conditioning agents in hair care products and thus compete with the traditional systems obtained from non-renewable sources is highly appealing. This paper presents the key physicochemical aspects of the hair conditioning process, including hair structure and degradation, and reviews some of the new alternative conditioning agents obtained from natural resources.

Background: Although recent studies demonstrated resident satisfaction in the treatment of skin of color (SOC) related disease, comfort levels treating hair specific to populations within the SOC spectrum is unclear., Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess dermatology residents comfort level in recognizing and treating various common hair conditions with a focus on those specific to SOC., Methods: An Institutional Review Board-approved survey was distributed to United States residents of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited dermatology programs. Data pertaining to hair care knowledge and treatment comfort levels were collected. Analysis was completed using equal variance 2-sample t tests and analysis of variance F tests, P < .05., Results: Dermatology residents were relatively comfortable with common conditions such as androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata, but uncomfortable with creating healthy hair regimens, discussing natural hair care products, and treating trichorrhexis nodosa. Resident self-identification as underrepresented in medicine significantly impacted resident knowledge of hair care and treatment in patients with SOC., Limitations: This study was limited due to small sample size and potential recall bias., Conclusion: This study highlights knowledge gaps in understanding hair-related care for patients with SOC, affirming the continued importance of diversifying dermatology programs as well as hair-specific training for residents., Competing Interests: None., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of Women’s Dermatologic Society.)

Introduction: It is important for dermatologists to know the hair cultural practices that causes inflammation, residues accumulation and the main alterations that affect African American scalp. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted using the main medical databases with the objective of publications on African American hair, its peculiarities and hair cosmetics. Results: Knowing the anatomical and molecular characteristics of African hair helps to choose ideal products for its proper management. Practices that may cause breakage include straightening, chemical agents, among others. The main function of shampoo is to remove sebum and residues; however, its surfactants content may cause cosmetic alterations on curly hair. Modern techniques for its care and cleaning have been developed in order to favor cosmetic perception. Conclusions: Clinical evaluation as well as cultural knowledge of hair routines are essential tools to improve the health and care of this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical professionals that treat patients with alopecia usually lack knowledge about hair cosmetics. Trichologists focus on hair cycling and growth problems and not on the hair shaft integrity. This may lead to abandon of the use of the prescribed treatment, such as topical minoxidil or to inadequate traumatic grooming habits that may jeopardize hair follicle health. Shampoos, hair dyes, and hair-straightening products may alter hair fiber structure, remove lipids, and elude protein. Hair procedures such as hair dying and straightening have side effects and health concerns, especially for pregnant women or sensitive hair and scalp patients. Hair breakage, follicle traction, frizz, contact dermatitis, and mutagenicity are possible side effects of hair cosmetics misuse. The proper use of hair care products may help to increase patients' adherence to alopecia treatments and avoid health problems related to inadequate application of hair cosmetics and procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oft discussed and fretted over environmental influences on hair have led to a popular consensus which suggests that elevated temperature and humidity lead to frizzier, wilder hair. However, few attempts at actually quantifying these effects have been made. Although frizziness is usually perceived visually, here the influence of variations in temperature and humidity on the tactile perception and friction of curly and straight hair were investigated. It is shown that changes in humidity may disproportionately affect perceived frizziness of curly hair by touch due to concurrent changes in the tactile friction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Medicated shampoos are part of the standard care of seborrheic dermatitis (SD), yet hair‐washing practices can vary in frequency, which could impact treatment effectiveness and therapeutic benefit. The goal of this study is to understand common hair‐washing practices in pediatric patients, with focus on Black children with SD, through online survey. Patients identifying as Black or mixed race were more likely to use medicated washes weekly or less frequently than White patients (62.5% vs. 30.8%). It is important that clinicians understand Black‐ and mixed‐race hair care practices to provide better clinical guidance on the usage of medicated shampoos, especially for the treatment of SD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Conventional rheological techniques in the linear viscoelastic region provide insights about the spatial configuration of the microstructural components of personal care formulations in their 'at‐rest' state. However, they fail to describe the textural experience associated with large and fast deformations during daily consumer application. In this study we present a non‐conventional rheological technique—large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS)—for probing the transformation of a material during its application. This technique is proposed a practical tool for formulators in their efforts to design products with desired textural attributes. Methods: A non‐linear rheological technique termed LAOS was utilized to capture the textural expression perceived by consumers. Lissajous plots (stress vs. strain or strain rate) provide a fingerprint of the formula and are utilized to both analyse the thickening mechanism and monitor the influence of various parameters, such as the chemistry, molecular properties, colloidal parameters and processing conditions. Results: In this study, we showcased several approaches for modifying the texture of personal care formulations and show the influence of various parameters on the characteristics of the Lissajous curves and their relation to sensorial perception. This fingerprinting technique shows that increasing the molecular weight or hydrophobic modification boosts the elasticity and thickening efficiency of a given polymer. Differences in the chemistry of rheological ingredients also influence the characteristic Lissajous fingerprint. In high concentration surfactant systems, which tend to form worm‐like micelles, their unique Lissajous fingerprints indicate structure rebuild because of fast kinetics at large but slow deformations. Analysis of lamellar gel‐based hair conditioner formulations demonstrates the unique high yield stress of these types of materials, accompanied by the fast breakdown transition from a solid to viscous structure because of their crystalline lamellar gel structure. Conclusion: The LAOS technique presented in this article is intended to better capture the textural expression perceived by consumers. Lissajous plots—generated from the LAOS experimental data—provide a fingerprint of the tested formula and are utilized to both analyse the thickening mechanism and monitor the influence of various parameters, such as the chemistry and molecular weight of the thickener, pH of the formula medium and influence of other ingredients in the formula (surfactants, emulsifiers, etc.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current consumer demands together with the international regulations have pushed the cosmetic industry to seek new active ingredients from natural renewable sources for manufacturing more eco-sustainability and safe products, with botanical extract being an almost unlimited source of these new actives. Essential oils (EOs) emerge as very common natural ingredients in cosmetics and toiletries as a result of both their odorous character for the design and manufacturing of fragrances and perfumes, and the many beneficial properties of their individual components (EOCs), e.g., anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, and, nowadays, the cosmetic industry includes EOs or different mixtures of their individual components (EOCs), either as active ingredients or as preservatives, in various product ranges (e.g., moisturizers, lotions and cleanser in skin care cosmetics; conditioners, masks or antidandruff products in hair care products; lipsticks, or fragrances in perfumery). However, the unique chemical profile of each individual essential oil is associated with different benefits, and hence it is difficult to generalize their potential applications in cosmetics and toiletries, which often require the effort of formulators in seeking suitable mixtures of EOs or EOCs for obtaining specific benefits in the final products. This work presents an updated review of the available literature related to the most recent advances in the application of EOs and EOCs in the manufacturing of cosmetic products. Furthermore, some specific aspects related to the safety of EOs and EOCs in cosmetics will be discussed. It is expected that the information contained in this comprehensive review can be exploited by formulators in the design and optimization of cosmetic formulations containing botanical extracts.

Background The appearance of grey hair can be unwelcome at any age and have far-reaching implications. Canities can impact selfesteem, and result in the application of harmful products. In Unani medicine Coffea arabica is said to stain hair dark brown and mask all grey, but no research investigating these claims was found. Objective A preliminary exploration to test the efficacy of coffee to stain hair dark brown, and mask all grey, and to evaluate its feasibility and acceptability. Materials and methods A concentrated solution of instant coffee (100% Arabica) was applied externally to hair up to once a day over 7 months. This autobiographical pre-pilot study (n=2; ages 54 and 57) was evaluated using the Feasibility, Reach-out, Acceptability, Maintenance, Efficacy, Implementation, Tailorability (FRAME-IT) framework. Results A coffee colour tone was apparent, but coverage was only partial. Individual hairs ranged from dark brown to light brown to grey. The overall effect was darker. Coffee solution, applied to hair as a wash and spray, was feasible, acceptable, and effective in visually reducing greyness for a nuanced and natural look. Additional benefits to hair, and also to scalp and skin conditions were observed. Conclusion Coffee did not uniformly stain hair dark brown; its effect on grey was nuanced. Participants found it to be a low-risk, inexpensive, convenient alternative, and appreciated the nuanced look. A pilot study and testing in wider populations with different levels of greyness is recommended as is the identification of a low-risk mordant to address colour permanency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]