28 results on '"Hainz, D."'
Search Results
2. Transdiagnostic deviant facial recognition for implicit negative emotion in autism and schizophrenia
- Author
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Ciaramidaro, A., Bolte, Sven, Schlitt, S., Hainz, D., Poustka, F., Weber, B., Freitag, C., Walter, H., Ciaramidaro, A., Bolte, Sven, Schlitt, S., Hainz, D., Poustka, F., Weber, B., Freitag, C., and Walter, H.
- Abstract
© 2017 Elsevier B.V. and ECNP. Impaired facial affect recognition (FAR) is observed in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and has been linked to amygdala and fusiform gyrus dysfunction. ASD patient's impairments seem to be more pronounced during implicit rather than explicit FAR, whereas for schizophrenia data are inconsistent. However, there are no studies comparing both patient groups in an identical design. The aim of this three-group study was to identify (i) whether FAR alterations are equally present in both groups, (ii) whether they are present rather during implicit or explicit FAR, (iii) and whether they are conveyed by similar or disorder-specific neural mechanisms. Using fMRI, we investigated neural activation during explicit and implicit negative and neutral FAR in 33 young-adult individuals with ASD, 20 subjects with paranoid-schizophrenia and 25 IQ- and gender-matched controls individuals. Differences in activation patterns between each clinical group and controls, respectively were found exclusively for implicit FAR in amygdala and fusiform gyrus. In addition, the ASD group additionally showed reduced activations in medial prefrontal cortex (PFC), bilateral dorso-lateral PFC, ventro-lateral PFC, posterior-superior temporal sulcus and left temporo-parietal junction. Although subjects with ASD showed more widespread altered activation patterns, a direct comparison between both patient groups did not show disorder-specific deficits in neither patient group. In summary, our findings are consistent with a common neural deficit during implicit negative facial affect recognition in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders.
- Published
- 2017
3. Schizophrenia and autism AS contrasting minds: Neural evidence for the hypo-hyper-intentionality hypothesis
- Author
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Ciaramidaro, A., Bölte, Sven, Schlitt, S., Hainz, D., Poustka, F., Weber, B., Bara, B., Freitag, C., Walter, H., Ciaramidaro, A., Bölte, Sven, Schlitt, S., Hainz, D., Poustka, F., Weber, B., Bara, B., Freitag, C., and Walter, H.
- Abstract
Both schizophrenia (SCZ) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are characterized by mentalizing problems and associated neural dysfunction of the social brain. However, the deficits in mental state attribution are somehow opposed: Whereas patients with SCZ tend to over-attribute intentions to agents and physical events ("hyper-intentionality"), patients with autism treat people as devoid of intentions ("hypo-intentionality"). Here we aimed to investigate whether this hypo-hyper-intentionality hypothesis can be supported by neural evidence during a mentalizing task. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we investigated the neural responses and functional connectivity during reading others intention. Scanning was performed in 23 individuals with ASD, 18 with paranoid SCZ and 23 gender and IQ matched control subjects. Both clinical groups showed reduced brain activation compared to controls for the contrast intentional vs physical information processing in left posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) and ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vMPFC) for SCZ, and right pSTS in ASD. As predicted, these effects were caused in a group specific way: Relative increased activation for physical information processing in SCZ that was also correlated with positive PANNS score and relative decreased activation for intentional information processing in ASD. Additionally, we could demonstrate opposed connectivity patterns between the right pSTS and vMPFC in the clinical groups, ie, increased for SCZ, decreased for ASD. These findings represent opposed neural signatures in key regions of the social brain as predicted by the hyper-hypointentionality hypothesis.
- Published
- 2015
4. Training-induced plasticity of the social brain in autism spectrum disorder
- Author
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Bölte, Sven, Ciaramidaro, A., Schlitt, S., Hainz, D., Kliemann, D., Poustka, F., Beyer, A., Freitag, C., Walter, H., Bölte, Sven, Ciaramidaro, A., Schlitt, S., Hainz, D., Kliemann, D., Poustka, F., Beyer, A., Freitag, C., and Walter, H.
- Abstract
Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is linked to social brain activity and facial affect recognition (FAR). Aims: To examine social brain plasticity in ASD. Method: Using FAR tests and functional magnetic resonance imaging tasks for FAR, we compared 32 individuals with ASD and 25 controls. Subsequently, the participants with ASD were assigned to FAR computer-aided cognitive training or a control group. Results: The ASD group performed more poorly than controls on explicit behavioural FAR tests. In the scanner, during implicit FAR, the amygdala, fusiform gyrus and other regions of the social brain were less activated bilaterally. The training group improved on behavioural FAR tests, and cerebral response to implicit affect processing tasks increased bilaterally post-training in the social brain. Conclusions: Individuals with ASD show FAR impairments associated with hypoactivation of the social brain. Computer-based training improves explicit FAR and neuronal responses during implicit FAR, indicating neuroplasticity in the social brain in ASD.
- Published
- 2015
5. Structural alterations of the social brain: A comparison between schizophrenia and autism
- Author
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Radeloff, D., Ciaramidaro, A., Siniatchkin, M., Hainz, D., Schlitt, S., Weber, B., Poustka, F., Bolte, Sven, Walter, H., Freitag, C., Radeloff, D., Ciaramidaro, A., Siniatchkin, M., Hainz, D., Schlitt, S., Weber, B., Poustka, F., Bolte, Sven, Walter, H., and Freitag, C.
- Abstract
© 2014 Radeloff et al. Autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia share a substantial number of etiologic and phenotypic characteristics. Still, no direct comparison of both disorders has been performed to identify differences and commonalities in bra in structure. In this voxel based morphometry study, 34 patients with autism spectrum disorder, 21 patients with schizophrenia and 26 typically developed control subjects were included to identify global and regional brain volume alterations. No global gray matter or white matter differences were found between groups. In regional data, patients with autism spectrum disorder compared to typically developed control subjects showed smaller gray matter volume in the amygdala, insula, and anterior medial prefrontal cortex. Compared to patients with schizophrenia, patients with autism spectrum disorder displayed smaller gray matter volume in the left insula. Disorder specific positive correlations were found between mentalizing ability and left amygdala volume in autism spectrum disorder, and hallucinatory behavior and insula volume in schizophrenia. Results suggest the involvement of social brain areas in both disorders. Further studies are needed to replicate these findings and to quantify the amount of distinct and overlapping neural correlates in autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia.
- Published
- 2014
6. Facial emotion recognition in paranoid schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder
- Author
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Sachse, M., Schlitt, S., Hainz, D., Ciaramidaro, A., Walter, H., Poustka, F., Bölte, Sven, Freitag, C., Sachse, M., Schlitt, S., Hainz, D., Ciaramidaro, A., Walter, H., Poustka, F., Bölte, Sven, and Freitag, C.
- Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) share deficits in emotion processing. In order to identify convergent and divergent mechanisms, we investigated facial emotion recognition in SZ, high-functioning ASD (HFASD), and typically developed controls (TD). Different degrees of task difficulty and emotion complexity (face, eyes; basic emotions, complex emotions) were used. Two Benton tests were implemented in order to elicit potentially confounding visuo-perceptual functioning and facial processing. Nineteen participants with paranoid SZ, 22 with HFASD and 20 TD were included, aged between 14 and 33. years. Individuals with SZ were comparable to TD in all obtained emotion recognition measures, but showed reduced basic visuo-perceptual abilities. The HFASD group was impaired in the recognition of basic and complex emotions compared to both, SZ and TD. When facial identity recognition was adjusted for, group differences remained for the recognition of complex emotions only. Our results suggest that there is a SZ subgroup with predominantly paranoid symptoms that does not show problems in face processing and emotion recognition, but visuo-perceptual impairments. They also confirm the notion of a general facial and emotion recognition deficit in HFASD. No shared emotion recognition deficit was found for paranoid SZ and HFASD, emphasizing the differential cognitive underpinnings of both disorders.
- Published
- 2014
7. Neural Effects Following Affect Recognition Training in Autism Spectrum Disorders
- Author
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Bölte, S., Schlitt, S., Angela Ciaramidaro, Beyer, A., Hainz, D., Weber, B., Gapp, V., and Walter, F. Poustka H.
- Published
- 2009
8. Executive and visuo-motor function in adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder
- Author
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Sachse, M., Schlitt, S., Hainz, D., Ciaramidaro, A., Schirman, S., Walter, H., Poustka, F., Bölte, Sven, Freitag, C., Sachse, M., Schlitt, S., Hainz, D., Ciaramidaro, A., Schirman, S., Walter, H., Poustka, F., Bölte, Sven, and Freitag, C.
- Abstract
This study broadly examines executive (EF) and visuo-motor function in 30 adolescent and adult individuals with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in comparison to 28 controls matched for age, gender, and IQ. ASD individuals showed impaired spatial working memory, whereas planning, cognitive flexibility, and inhibition were spared. Pure movement execution during visuo-motor information processing also was intact. In contrast, execution time of reading, naming, and of visuo-motor information processing tasks including a choice component was increased in the ASD group. Results of this study are in line with previous studies reporting only minimal EF difficulties in older individuals with ASD when assessed by computerized tasks. The finding of impaired visuo-motor information processing should be accounted for in further neuropsychological studies in ASD.
- Published
- 2013
9. A close eye on the eagle-eyed visual acuity hypothesis of autism
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Bölte, Sven, Schlitt, S., Gapp, V., Hainz, D., Schirman, S., Poustka, F., Weber, B., Freitag, C., Ciaramidaro, A., Walter, H., Bölte, Sven, Schlitt, S., Gapp, V., Hainz, D., Schirman, S., Poustka, F., Weber, B., Freitag, C., Ciaramidaro, A., and Walter, H.
- Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have been associated with sensory hypersensitivity. A recent study reported visual acuity (VA) in ASD in the region reported for birds of prey. The validity of the results was subsequently doubted. This study examined VA in 34 individuals with ASD, 16 with schizophrenia (SCH), and 26 typically developing (TYP). Participants with ASD did not show higher VA than those with SCH and TYP. There were no substantial correlations of VA with clinical severity in ASD or SCH. This study could not confirm the eagle-eyed acuity hypothesis of ASD, or find evidence for a connection of VA and clinical phenotypes. Research needs to further address the origins and circumstances associated with altered sensory or perceptual processing in ASD.
- Published
- 2012
10. Tracking of Airborne Radionuclides from the Damaged Fukushima Dai-Ichi Nuclear Reactors by European Networks
- Author
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Masson, O., Baeza, A., Bieringer, J., Brudecki, K., Bucci, S., Cappai, M., Carvalho, F.P., Connan, O., Cosma, C., Dalheimer, A., Didier, D., Depuydt, G., De Geer, L.E., De Vismes, A., Gini, L., Groppi, F., Gudnason, K., Gurriaran, R., Hainz, D., Halldórsson, Ó., Hammond, D., Hanley, O., Holeý, K., Homoki, Zs., Ioannidou, A., Isajenko, K., Jankovic, M., Katzlberger, C., Kettunen, M., Kierepko, R., Kontro, R., Kwakman, P.J.M., Lecomte, M., Leon Vintro, L., Leppänen, A.-P., Lind, B., Lujaniene, G., Mc Ginnity, P., Mahon, C. Mc, Malá, H., Manenti, S., Manolopoulou, M., Mattila, A., Mauring, A., Mietelski, J.W., Møller, B., Nielsen, Sven Poul, Nikolic, J., Overwater, R.M.W., Pálsson, S. E., Papastefanou, C., Penev, I., Pham, M.K., Povinec, P.P., Ramebäck, H., Reis, M.C., Ringer, W., Rodriguez, A., Rulík, P., Saey, P.R.J., Samsonov, V., Schlosser, C., Sgorbati, G., Silobritiene, B. V., Söderström, C., Sogni, R., Solier, L., Sonck, M., Steinhauser, G., Steinkopff, T., Steinmann, P., Stoulos, S., Sýkora, I., Todorovic, D., Tooloutalaie, N., Tositti, L., Tschiersch, J., Ugron, A., Vagena, E., Vargas, A., Wershofen, H., Zhukova, O., Masson, O., Baeza, A., Bieringer, J., Brudecki, K., Bucci, S., Cappai, M., Carvalho, F.P., Connan, O., Cosma, C., Dalheimer, A., Didier, D., Depuydt, G., De Geer, L.E., De Vismes, A., Gini, L., Groppi, F., Gudnason, K., Gurriaran, R., Hainz, D., Halldórsson, Ó., Hammond, D., Hanley, O., Holeý, K., Homoki, Zs., Ioannidou, A., Isajenko, K., Jankovic, M., Katzlberger, C., Kettunen, M., Kierepko, R., Kontro, R., Kwakman, P.J.M., Lecomte, M., Leon Vintro, L., Leppänen, A.-P., Lind, B., Lujaniene, G., Mc Ginnity, P., Mahon, C. Mc, Malá, H., Manenti, S., Manolopoulou, M., Mattila, A., Mauring, A., Mietelski, J.W., Møller, B., Nielsen, Sven Poul, Nikolic, J., Overwater, R.M.W., Pálsson, S. E., Papastefanou, C., Penev, I., Pham, M.K., Povinec, P.P., Ramebäck, H., Reis, M.C., Ringer, W., Rodriguez, A., Rulík, P., Saey, P.R.J., Samsonov, V., Schlosser, C., Sgorbati, G., Silobritiene, B. V., Söderström, C., Sogni, R., Solier, L., Sonck, M., Steinhauser, G., Steinkopff, T., Steinmann, P., Stoulos, S., Sýkora, I., Todorovic, D., Tooloutalaie, N., Tositti, L., Tschiersch, J., Ugron, A., Vagena, E., Vargas, A., Wershofen, H., and Zhukova, O.
- Abstract
Radioactive emissions into the atmosphere from the damaged reactors of the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant (NPP) started on March 12th, 2011. Among the various radionuclides released, iodine-131 (131I) and cesium isotopes (137Cs and 134Cs) were transported across the Pacific toward the North American continent and reached Europe despite dispersion and washout along the route of the contaminated air masses. In Europe, the first signs of the releases were detected 7 days later while the first peak of activity level was observed between March 28th and March 30th. Time variations over a 20-day period and spatial variations across more than 150 sampling locations in Europe made it possible to characterize the contaminated air masses. After the Chernobyl accident, only a few measurements of the gaseous 131I fraction were conducted compared to the number of measurements for the particulate fraction. Several studies had already pointed out the importance of the gaseous 131I and the large underestimation of the total 131I airborne activity level, and subsequent calculations of inhalation dose, if neglected. The measurements made across Europe following the releases from the Fukushima NPP reactors have provided a significant amount of new data on the ratio of the gaseous 131I fraction to total 131I, both on a spatial scale and its temporal variation. It can be pointed out that during the Fukushima event, the 134Cs to 137Cs ratio proved to be different from that observed after the Chernobyl accident. The data set provided in this paper is the most comprehensive survey of the main relevant airborne radionuclides from the Fukushima reactors, measured across Europe. A rough estimate of the total 131I inventory that has passed over Europe during this period was
- Published
- 2011
11. Tracking of Airborne Radionuclides from the Damaged Fukushima Dai-Ichi Nuclear Reactors by European Networks
- Author
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Masson, Olivier, Baeza, A., Bieringer, Jacqueline, Brudecki, K., Bucci, S., Cappai, M., Carvalho, F. P., Connan, O., Cosma, C., Dalheimer, Axel, Didier, D., Depuydt, G., De Geer, L. E., De Vismes, Anne, Gini, L., Groppi, F., Gudnason, K., Gurriaran, R., Hainz, D., Halldorsson, O., Hammond, D., Hanley, O., Holey, K., Homoki, Zsolt, Ioannidou, A., Isajenko, Krzysztof A., Janković, Marija M., Katzlberger, Christian, Kettunen, M., Kierepko, Renata, Kontro, R., Kwakman, P. J. M., Lecomte, M., Vintro, L. Leon, Leppanen, A-P, Lind, B., Lujaniene, G., Mc Ginnity, P., Mc Mahon, C., Mala, Helena, Manenti, S., Manolopoulou, M., Mattila, A., Mauring, A., Mietelski, Jerzy W., Moller, Bredo, Nielsen, S. P., Krneta-Nikolić, Jelena D., Overwater, R. M. W., Palsson, S. E., Papastefanou, C., Penev, I., Pham, M. K., Povinec, Pavel Peter, Rameback, H., Reis, M. C., Ringer, Wolfgang, Rodriguez, A., Rulik, Petr, Saey, P. R. J., Samsonov, V., Schlosser, C., Sgorbati, G., Silobritiene, B. V., Soderstrom, C., Sogni, R., Solier, L., Sonck, M., Steinhauser, Georg, Steinkopff, Thomas, Steinmann, P., Stoulos, S., Sykora, Ivan, Todorović, Dragana, Tooloutalaie, N., Tositti, L., Tschiersch, Jochen, Ugron, A., Vagena, E., Vargas, A., Wershofen, Herbert, Zhukova, O., Masson, Olivier, Baeza, A., Bieringer, Jacqueline, Brudecki, K., Bucci, S., Cappai, M., Carvalho, F. P., Connan, O., Cosma, C., Dalheimer, Axel, Didier, D., Depuydt, G., De Geer, L. E., De Vismes, Anne, Gini, L., Groppi, F., Gudnason, K., Gurriaran, R., Hainz, D., Halldorsson, O., Hammond, D., Hanley, O., Holey, K., Homoki, Zsolt, Ioannidou, A., Isajenko, Krzysztof A., Janković, Marija M., Katzlberger, Christian, Kettunen, M., Kierepko, Renata, Kontro, R., Kwakman, P. J. M., Lecomte, M., Vintro, L. Leon, Leppanen, A-P, Lind, B., Lujaniene, G., Mc Ginnity, P., Mc Mahon, C., Mala, Helena, Manenti, S., Manolopoulou, M., Mattila, A., Mauring, A., Mietelski, Jerzy W., Moller, Bredo, Nielsen, S. P., Krneta-Nikolić, Jelena D., Overwater, R. M. W., Palsson, S. E., Papastefanou, C., Penev, I., Pham, M. K., Povinec, Pavel Peter, Rameback, H., Reis, M. C., Ringer, Wolfgang, Rodriguez, A., Rulik, Petr, Saey, P. R. J., Samsonov, V., Schlosser, C., Sgorbati, G., Silobritiene, B. V., Soderstrom, C., Sogni, R., Solier, L., Sonck, M., Steinhauser, Georg, Steinkopff, Thomas, Steinmann, P., Stoulos, S., Sykora, Ivan, Todorović, Dragana, Tooloutalaie, N., Tositti, L., Tschiersch, Jochen, Ugron, A., Vagena, E., Vargas, A., Wershofen, Herbert, and Zhukova, O.
- Abstract
Radioactive emissions into the atmosphere from the damaged reactors of the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant (NPP) started on March 12th, 2011. Among the various radionuclides released, iodine-131 ((131)I) and cesium isotopes ((137)Cs and (134)Cs) were transported across the Pacific toward the North American continent and reached Europe despite dispersion and washout along the route of the contaminated air masses. In Europe, the first signs of the releases were detected 7 days later while the first peak of activity level was observed between March 28th and March 30th. Time variations over a 20-day period and spatial variations across more than 150 sampling locations in Europe made it possible to characterize the contaminated air masses. After the Chernobyl accident, only a few measurements of the gaseous (131)I fraction were conducted compared to the number of measurements for the particulate fraction. Several studies had already pointed out the importance of the gaseous (131)I and the large underestimation of the total (131)I airborne activity level, and subsequent calculations of inhalation dose, if neglected. The measurements made across Europe following the releases from the Fukushima NPP reactors have provided a significant amount of new data on the ratio of the gaseous (131)I fraction to total (131)I, both on a spatial scale and its temporal variation. It can be pointed out that during the Fukushima event, the (134)Cs to (137)Cs ratio proved to be different from that observed after the Chernobyl accident. The data set provided in this paper is the most comprehensive survey of the main relevant airborne radionuclides from the Fukushima reactors, measured across Europe. A rough estimate of the total (131)I inventory that has passed over Europe during this period was LT 1% of the released amount. According to the measurements, airborne activity levels remain of no concern for public health in Europe.
- Published
- 2011
12. Tracking of Airborne Radionuclides from the Damaged Fukushima Dai-Ichi Nuclear Reactors by European Networks
- Author
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Masson, O., primary, Baeza, A., additional, Bieringer, J., additional, Brudecki, K., additional, Bucci, S., additional, Cappai, M., additional, Carvalho, F.P., additional, Connan, O., additional, Cosma, C., additional, Dalheimer, A., additional, Didier, D., additional, Depuydt, G., additional, De Geer, L.E., additional, De Vismes, A., additional, Gini, L., additional, Groppi, F., additional, Gudnason, K., additional, Gurriaran, R., additional, Hainz, D., additional, Halldórsson, Ó., additional, Hammond, D., additional, Hanley, O., additional, Holeý, K., additional, Homoki, Zs., additional, Ioannidou, A., additional, Isajenko, K., additional, Jankovic, M., additional, Katzlberger, C., additional, Kettunen, M., additional, Kierepko, R., additional, Kontro, R., additional, Kwakman, P.J.M., additional, Lecomte, M., additional, Leon Vintro, L., additional, Leppänen, A.-P., additional, Lind, B., additional, Lujaniene, G., additional, Mc Ginnity, P., additional, Mahon, C. Mc, additional, Malá, H., additional, Manenti, S., additional, Manolopoulou, M., additional, Mattila, A., additional, Mauring, A., additional, Mietelski, J.W., additional, Møller, B., additional, Nielsen, S.P., additional, Nikolic, J., additional, Overwater, R.M.W., additional, Pálsson, S. E., additional, Papastefanou, C., additional, Penev, I., additional, Pham, M.K., additional, Povinec, P.P., additional, Ramebäck, H., additional, Reis, M.C., additional, Ringer, W., additional, Rodriguez, A., additional, Rulík, P., additional, Saey, P.R.J., additional, Samsonov, V., additional, Schlosser, C., additional, Sgorbati, G., additional, Silobritiene, B. V., additional, Söderström, C., additional, Sogni, R., additional, Solier, L., additional, Sonck, M., additional, Steinhauser, G., additional, Steinkopff, T., additional, Steinmann, P., additional, Stoulos, S., additional, Sýkora, I., additional, Todorovic, D., additional, Tooloutalaie, N., additional, Tositti, L., additional, Tschiersch, J., additional, Ugron, A., additional, Vagena, E., additional, Vargas, A., additional, Wershofen, H., additional, and Zhukova, O., additional
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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13. Brief Report: Albumin Warao: New Type of Human Alloalbuminemia
- Author
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María L. Gallango, Miguel Layrisse, Johannes Wilbert, Hainz D. Heinen, and Tulio Arends
- Subjects
biology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Chemistry ,Immunology ,Albumin ,Serum albumin ,Cell Biology ,Hematology ,Immunoelectrophoresis ,Biochemistry ,Electrophoresis ,Thermal instability ,biology.protein ,medicine - Abstract
A new albumin variant characterized by the slowest electrophoretic migration at both acid and alkaline pH, was found in a Warao Indian family from Venezuela. Thermal instability of an albumin variant is described for the first time.
- Published
- 1969
14. Brief Report: Albumin Warao: New Type of Human Alloalbuminemia
- Author
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ARENDS, TULIO, GALLANGO, MARIA L., LAYRISSE, MIGUEL, WILBERT, JOHANNES, and HEINEN, HAINZ D.
- Abstract
A new albumin variant characterized by the slowest electrophoretic migration at both acid and alkaline pH, was found in a Warao Indian family from Venezuela. Thermal instability of an albumin variant is described for the first time.
- Published
- 1969
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Albumin Warao: New Type of Human Alloalbuminemia
- Author
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Arends, Tulio, Gallango, Maria L., Layrisse, Miguel, Wilbert, Johannes, and Heinen, Hainz D.
- Published
- 1969
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Airborne concentrations and chemical considerations of radioactive ruthenium from an undeclared major nuclear release in 2017
- Author
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Masson, O., Steinhauser, G., Zok, D., Saunier, O., Angelov, H., Babic, D., Beckova, V., Bieringer, J., Bruggeman, M., Burbidge, C.I., Conil, S., Dalheimer, A., Geer, L.-E., Ott, A. De Vismes, Eleftheriadis, K., Estier, S., Fischer, H., Garavaglia, M.G., Leonarte, C.G., Gorzkiewicz, K., Hainz, D., Hoffman, I., Hýža, M., Isajenko, K., Karhunen, T., Kastlander, J., Katzlberger, C., Kierepko, R., Knetsch, G.-J., Konyi, J.K., Lecomte, M., Mietelski, J.W., Min, P., Møller, B., Nielsen, S.P., Nikolic, J., Nikolovska, L., Penev, I., Petrinec, B., Povinec, P.P., Querfeld, R., Raimondi, O., Ransby, D., Ringer, W., Romanenko, O., Rusconi, R., Saey, P.R.J., Samsonov, V., Silobritiene, B., Simion, E., Söderström, C., Sostaric, M., Steinkopff, T., Steinmann, P., Sykora, I., Tabachnyi, L., Todorovic, D., Tomankiewicz, E., Tschiersch, J., Tsibranski, R., Tzortzis, M., Ungar, K., Vidic, A., Weller, A., Wershofen, H., Zagyvai, P., Zalewska, T., Zapata Garcia, D., and Zorko, B.
- Subjects
environmental radioactivity ,Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie ,13. Climate action ,nuclear forensics ,accidental release ,ruthenium ,Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften ,environmental release - Abstract
A massive atmospheric release of radioactive 106Ru occurred in Eurasia in 2017, which must have been caused by a sizeable, yet undeclared nuclear accident. This work presents the most compelling monitoring dataset of this release, comprising 1,100 atmospheric and 200 deposition data points from the Eurasian region. The data suggest a release from a nuclear reprocessing facility located in the Southern Urals, possibly from the Mayak nuclear complex. A release from a crashed satellite as well as a release on Romanian territory (despite high activity concentrations) can be excluded. The model age of the radioruthenium supports the hypothesis that fuel was reprocessed ≤2 years after discharge, possibly for the production of a high-specific activity 144Ce source for a neutrino experiment in Italy.
17. Development of a Novel Passive Monitoring Technique to Showcase the 3D Distribution of Tritiated Water (HTO) Vapor in Indoor Air of a Nuclear Facility.
- Author
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Feng B, Ibesich M, Hainz D, Waidhofer D, Veit-Öller M, Trunner C, Stummer T, Foster M, Nemetz M, Welch JM, Villa M, Sterba JH, Musilek A, Renz F, and Steinhauser G
- Subjects
- Water, Tritium analysis, Gases, Air Pollutants, Radioactive analysis, Air Pollution, Indoor analysis, Radiation Monitoring methods
- Abstract
Tritiated water (HTO), a ubiquitous byproduct of the nuclear industry, is a radioactive contaminant of major concern for environmental authorities. Although understanding spatiotemporal heterogeneity of airborne HTO vapor holds great importance for radiological safety as well as diagnosing a reactor's status, comprehensive HTO distribution dynamics inside nuclear facilities has not been studied routinely yet due to a lack of appropriate monitoring techniques. For current systems, it is difficult to simultaneously achieve high representativeness, sensitivity, and spatial resolution. Here, we developed a passive monitoring scheme, including a newly designed passive sampler and a tailored analytical protocol for the first comprehensive 3D distribution characterization of HTO inside a nuclear reactor facility. The technique enables linear sampling in any environment at a one-day resolution and simultaneous preparation of hundreds of samples within 1 day. Validation experiments confirmed the method's good metrological properties and sensitivity to the HTO's spatial dynamics. The air in TU Wien's reactor hall exhibits a range of
3 H concentrations from 75-946 mBq m-3 in the entire 3D matrix. The HTO release rate estimated by the mass-balance model (3199 ± 306 Bq h-1 ) matches the theoretical calculation (2947 ± 254 Bq h-1 ), suggesting evaporation as the dominant HTO source in the hall. The proposed method provides reliable and quality-controlled 3D monitoring at low cost, which can be adopted not only for HTO and may also inspire monitoring schemes of other indoor pollutants.- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Growth and characterization of thorium-doped calcium fluoride single crystals.
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Beeks K, Sikorsky T, Rosecker V, Pressler M, Schaden F, Werban D, Hosseini N, Rudischer L, Schneider F, Berwian P, Friedrich J, Hainz D, Welch J, Sterba JH, Kazakov G, and Schumm T
- Abstract
We have grown [Formula: see text]Th:CaF[Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]Th:CaF[Formula: see text] single crystals for investigations on the VUV laser-accessible first nuclear excited state of [Formula: see text]Th, with the aim of building a solid-state nuclear clock. To reach high doping concentrations despite the extreme scarcity (and radioactivity) of [Formula: see text]Th, we have scaled down the crystal volume by a factor 100 compared to established commercial or scientific growth processes. We use the vertical gradient freeze method on 3.2 mm diameter seed single crystals with a 2 mm drilled pocket, filled with a co-precipitated CaF[Formula: see text]:ThF[Formula: see text]:PbF[Formula: see text] powder in order to grow single crystals. Concentrations of [Formula: see text] cm[Formula: see text] have been realized with [Formula: see text]Th with good (> 10%) VUV transmission. However, the intrinsic radioactivity of [Formula: see text]Th drives radio-induced dissociation during growth and radiation damage after solidification. Both lead to a degradation of VUV transmission, currently limiting the [Formula: see text]Th concentration to [Formula: see text] cm[Formula: see text]., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2023
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19. Mosaic trisomy 12 diagnosed in a female patient: clinical features, genetic analysis, and review of the literature.
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Hainz D, Krüger M, Reber D, Mehnert K, Brunet T, Lederer G, Langer-Freitag S, and Hoefele J
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Mosaicism, Pregnancy, Prenatal Diagnosis, Genetic Testing, Trisomy diagnosis, Trisomy genetics
- Published
- 2021
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20. Comparison of pediatric scoring systems for mortality in septic patients and the impact of missing information on their predictive power: a retrospective analysis.
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Niederwanger C, Varga T, Hell T, Stuerzel D, Prem J, Gassner M, Rickmann F, Schoner C, Hainz D, Cortina G, Hetzer B, Treml B, and Bachler M
- Abstract
Background: Scores can assess the severity and course of disease and predict outcome in an objective manner. This information is needed for proper risk assessment and stratification. Furthermore, scoring systems support optimal patient care, resource management and are gaining in importance in terms of artificial intelligence., Objective: This study evaluated and compared the prognostic ability of various common pediatric scoring systems (PRISM, PRISM III, PRISM IV, PIM, PIM2, PIM3, PELOD, PELOD 2) in order to determine which is the most applicable score for pediatric sepsis patients in terms of timing of disease survey and insensitivity to missing data., Methods: We retrospectively examined data from 398 patients under 18 years of age, who were diagnosed with sepsis. Scores were assessed at ICU admission and re-evaluated on the day of peak C-reactive protein. The scores were compared for their ability to predict mortality in this specific patient population and for their impairment due to missing data., Results: PIM (AUC 0.76 (0.68-0.76)), PIM2 (AUC 0.78 (0.72-0.78)) and PIM3 (AUC 0.76 (0.68-0.76)) scores together with PRSIM III (AUC 0.75 (0.68-0.75)) and PELOD 2 (AUC 0.75 (0.66-0.75)) are the most suitable scores for determining patient prognosis at ICU admission. Once sepsis is pronounced, PELOD 2 (AUC 0.84 (0.77-0.91)) and PRISM IV (AUC 0.8 (0.72-0.88)) become significantly better in their performance and count among the best prognostic scores for use at this time together with PRISM III (AUC 0.81 (0.73-0.89)). PELOD 2 is good for monitoring and, like the PIM scores, is also largely insensitive to missing values., Conclusion: Overall, PIM scores show comparatively good performance, are stable as far as timing of the disease survey is concerned, and they are also relatively stable in terms of missing parameters. PELOD 2 is best suitable for monitoring clinical course., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Mirjam Bachler has received personal fees and travel grants from LFB Biomedicaments, Takeda GmbH, CSL Behring GmbH, Mitsubishi Tanabe and non-financial support from TEM International outside the submitted work., (©2020 Niederwanger et al.)
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- 2020
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21. Transdiagnostic deviant facial recognition for implicit negative emotion in autism and schizophrenia.
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Ciaramidaro A, Bölte S, Schlitt S, Hainz D, Poustka F, Weber B, Freitag C, and Walter H
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- Adolescent, Adult, Attention physiology, Autism Spectrum Disorder diagnostic imaging, Autism Spectrum Disorder psychology, Awareness physiology, Brain diagnostic imaging, Brain Mapping, Facial Expression, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Recognition, Psychology physiology, Schizophrenia, Paranoid diagnostic imaging, Schizophrenia, Paranoid psychology, Young Adult, Autism Spectrum Disorder physiopathology, Brain physiopathology, Emotions physiology, Facial Recognition physiology, Schizophrenia, Paranoid physiopathology, Social Perception
- Abstract
Impaired facial affect recognition (FAR) is observed in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and has been linked to amygdala and fusiform gyrus dysfunction. ASD patient's impairments seem to be more pronounced during implicit rather than explicit FAR, whereas for schizophrenia data are inconsistent. However, there are no studies comparing both patient groups in an identical design. The aim of this three-group study was to identify (i) whether FAR alterations are equally present in both groups, (ii) whether they are present rather during implicit or explicit FAR, (iii) and whether they are conveyed by similar or disorder-specific neural mechanisms. Using fMRI, we investigated neural activation during explicit and implicit negative and neutral FAR in 33 young-adult individuals with ASD, 20 subjects with paranoid-schizophrenia and 25 IQ- and gender-matched controls individuals. Differences in activation patterns between each clinical group and controls, respectively were found exclusively for implicit FAR in amygdala and fusiform gyrus. In addition, the ASD group additionally showed reduced activations in medial prefrontal cortex (PFC), bilateral dorso-lateral PFC, ventro-lateral PFC, posterior-superior temporal sulcus and left temporo-parietal junction. Although subjects with ASD showed more widespread altered activation patterns, a direct comparison between both patient groups did not show disorder-specific deficits in neither patient group. In summary, our findings are consistent with a common neural deficit during implicit negative facial affect recognition in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. and ECNP. All rights reserved.)
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- 2018
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22. Training-induced plasticity of the social brain in autism spectrum disorder.
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Bölte S, Ciaramidaro A, Schlitt S, Hainz D, Kliemann D, Beyer A, Poustka F, Freitag C, and Walter H
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- Adolescent, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Autism Spectrum Disorder psychology, Autism Spectrum Disorder therapy, Brain Mapping methods, Case-Control Studies, Female, Humans, Intelligence physiology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mental Processes physiology, Psychological Tests, Psychotherapy methods, Young Adult, Autism Spectrum Disorder physiopathology, Brain physiology, Facial Recognition
- Abstract
Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is linked to social brain activity and facial affect recognition (FAR)., Aims: To examine social brain plasticity in ASD., Method: Using FAR tests and functional magnetic resonance imaging tasks for FAR, we compared 32 individuals with ASD and 25 controls. Subsequently, the participants with ASD were assigned to FAR computer-aided cognitive training or a control group., Results: The ASD group performed more poorly than controls on explicit behavioural FAR tests. In the scanner, during implicit FAR, the amygdala, fusiform gyrus and other regions of the social brain were less activated bilaterally. The training group improved on behavioural FAR tests, and cerebral response to implicit affect processing tasks increased bilaterally post-training in the social brain., Conclusions: Individuals with ASD show FAR impairments associated with hypoactivation of the social brain. Computer-based training improves explicit FAR and neuronal responses during implicit FAR, indicating neuroplasticity in the social brain in ASD., (© The Royal College of Psychiatrists, all rights reserved.)
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- 2015
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23. Schizophrenia and autism as contrasting minds: neural evidence for the hypo-hyper-intentionality hypothesis.
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Ciaramidaro A, Bölte S, Schlitt S, Hainz D, Poustka F, Weber B, Bara BG, Freitag C, and Walter H
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- Adolescent, Adult, Brain physiopathology, Case-Control Studies, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive psychology, Female, Functional Neuroimaging, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Schizophrenia physiopathology, Schizophrenia, Paranoid psychology, Young Adult, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive physiopathology, Intention, Prefrontal Cortex physiopathology, Schizophrenia, Paranoid physiopathology, Social Perception, Temporal Lobe physiopathology, Theory of Mind physiology
- Abstract
Both schizophrenia (SCZ) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are characterized by mentalizing problems and associated neural dysfunction of the social brain. However, the deficits in mental state attribution are somehow opposed: Whereas patients with SCZ tend to over-attribute intentions to agents and physical events ("hyper-intentionality"), patients with autism treat people as devoid of intentions ("hypo-intentionality"). Here we aimed to investigate whether this hypo-hyper-intentionality hypothesis can be supported by neural evidence during a mentalizing task. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we investigated the neural responses and functional connectivity during reading others intention. Scanning was performed in 23 individuals with ASD, 18 with paranoid SCZ and 23 gender and IQ matched control subjects. Both clinical groups showed reduced brain activation compared to controls for the contrast intentional vs physical information processing in left posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) and ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vMPFC) for SCZ, and right pSTS in ASD. As predicted, these effects were caused in a group specific way: Relative increased activation for physical information processing in SCZ that was also correlated with positive PANNS score and relative decreased activation for intentional information processing in ASD. Additionally, we could demonstrate opposed connectivity patterns between the right pSTS and vMPFC in the clinical groups, ie, increased for SCZ, decreased for ASD. These findings represent opposed neural signatures in key regions of the social brain as predicted by the hyper-hypo-intentionality hypothesis., (© The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2015
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24. Facial emotion recognition in paranoid schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder.
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Sachse M, Schlitt S, Hainz D, Ciaramidaro A, Walter H, Poustka F, Bölte S, and Freitag CM
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- Adolescent, Adult, Humans, Male, Young Adult, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive physiopathology, Emotions physiology, Facial Expression, Paranoid Disorders physiopathology, Pattern Recognition, Visual physiology, Schizophrenia physiopathology, Social Perception
- Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) share deficits in emotion processing. In order to identify convergent and divergent mechanisms, we investigated facial emotion recognition in SZ, high-functioning ASD (HFASD), and typically developed controls (TD). Different degrees of task difficulty and emotion complexity (face, eyes; basic emotions, complex emotions) were used. Two Benton tests were implemented in order to elicit potentially confounding visuo-perceptual functioning and facial processing. Nineteen participants with paranoid SZ, 22 with HFASD and 20 TD were included, aged between 14 and 33 years. Individuals with SZ were comparable to TD in all obtained emotion recognition measures, but showed reduced basic visuo-perceptual abilities. The HFASD group was impaired in the recognition of basic and complex emotions compared to both, SZ and TD. When facial identity recognition was adjusted for, group differences remained for the recognition of complex emotions only. Our results suggest that there is a SZ subgroup with predominantly paranoid symptoms that does not show problems in face processing and emotion recognition, but visuo-perceptual impairments. They also confirm the notion of a general facial and emotion recognition deficit in HFASD. No shared emotion recognition deficit was found for paranoid SZ and HFASD, emphasizing the differential cognitive underpinnings of both disorders., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2014
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25. Structural alterations of the social brain: a comparison between schizophrenia and autism.
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Radeloff D, Ciaramidaro A, Siniatchkin M, Hainz D, Schlitt S, Weber B, Poustka F, Bölte S, Walter H, and Freitag CM
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- Adolescent, Adult, Amygdala pathology, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Prefrontal Cortex pathology, Young Adult, Brain pathology, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive pathology, Schizophrenia pathology
- Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia share a substantial number of etiologic and phenotypic characteristics. Still, no direct comparison of both disorders has been performed to identify differences and commonalities in brain structure. In this voxel based morphometry study, 34 patients with autism spectrum disorder, 21 patients with schizophrenia and 26 typically developed control subjects were included to identify global and regional brain volume alterations. No global gray matter or white matter differences were found between groups. In regional data, patients with autism spectrum disorder compared to typically developed control subjects showed smaller gray matter volume in the amygdala, insula, and anterior medial prefrontal cortex. Compared to patients with schizophrenia, patients with autism spectrum disorder displayed smaller gray matter volume in the left insula. Disorder specific positive correlations were found between mentalizing ability and left amygdala volume in autism spectrum disorder, and hallucinatory behavior and insula volume in schizophrenia. Results suggest the involvement of social brain areas in both disorders. Further studies are needed to replicate these findings and to quantify the amount of distinct and overlapping neural correlates in autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia.
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- 2014
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26. Executive and visuo-motor function in adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder.
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Sachse M, Schlitt S, Hainz D, Ciaramidaro A, Schirman S, Walter H, Poustka F, Bölte S, and Freitag CM
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- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive physiopathology, Female, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Male, Memory physiology, Neuropsychological Tests, Attention physiology, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive psychology, Cognition physiology, Executive Function physiology, Visual Perception physiology
- Abstract
This study broadly examines executive (EF) and visuo-motor function in 30 adolescent and adult individuals with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in comparison to 28 controls matched for age, gender, and IQ. ASD individuals showed impaired spatial working memory, whereas planning, cognitive flexibility, and inhibition were spared. Pure movement execution during visuo-motor information processing also was intact. In contrast, execution time of reading, naming, and of visuo-motor information processing tasks including a choice component was increased in the ASD group. Results of this study are in line with previous studies reporting only minimal EF difficulties in older individuals with ASD when assessed by computerized tasks. The finding of impaired visuo-motor information processing should be accounted for in further neuropsychological studies in ASD.
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- 2013
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27. Artificial radioactivity in environmental media (air, rainwater, soil, vegetation) in Austria after the Fukushima nuclear accident.
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Steinhauser G, Merz S, Hainz D, and Sterba JH
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- Austria, Cesium Radioisotopes analysis, Iodine Radioisotopes analysis, Plants chemistry, Rain chemistry, Weather, Air Pollutants, Radioactive analysis, Air Pollution, Radioactive analysis, Environmental Monitoring, Fukushima Nuclear Accident, Soil Pollutants, Radioactive analysis, Water Pollutants, Radioactive analysis, Water Pollution, Radioactive analysis
- Abstract
Several environmental media in Austria were monitored for artificial radionuclides released during the Fukushima nuclear accident. Air (up to 1.2 mBq/m(3) particulate (131)I) and rainwater (up to 5.2 Bq/L (131)I) proved to be the media best suited for the environmental monitoring, allowing also a temporal resolution of the activity levels. Significant regional differences in the wet deposition of (131)I with rain could be observed within the city of Vienna during the arrival of the contaminated air masses. Forward-trajectory analysis supported the hypothesis that the contaminated air masses coming from the northwest changed direction to northeast over Northern Austria, leading to a strong activity concentration gradient over Vienna. In the course of the environmental monitoring of the Fukushima releases, this phenomenon-significant differences of (131)I activity concentrations in rainwater on a narrow local scale (8.1 km)-appears to be unique. Vegetation (grass) was contaminated with (131)I and/or (137)Cs at a low level. Soil (up to 22 Bq/kg (137)Cs) was only affected by previous releases (nuclear weapon tests, Chernobyl). Here, also significant local differences can be observed due to different deposition rates during the Chernobyl accident. The effective ecological half-lives of (137)Cs in soil were calculated for four locations in Austria. They range from 7 to 30 years. No Austrian sample investigated herein exceeded the detection limit for (134)Cs; hence, the Fukushima nuclear accident did not contribute significantly to the total radiocesium inventory in Austrian environmental media. The levels of detected radioactivity were of no concern for public health.
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- 2013
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28. A close eye on the eagle-eyed visual acuity hypothesis of autism.
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Bölte S, Schlitt S, Gapp V, Hainz D, Schirman S, Poustka F, Weber B, Freitag C, Ciaramidaro A, and Walter H
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- Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Schizophrenia physiopathology, Visual Perception physiology, Attention physiology, Autistic Disorder physiopathology, Vision, Ocular physiology, Visual Acuity physiology
- Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have been associated with sensory hypersensitivity. A recent study reported visual acuity (VA) in ASD in the region reported for birds of prey. The validity of the results was subsequently doubted. This study examined VA in 34 individuals with ASD, 16 with schizophrenia (SCH), and 26 typically developing (TYP). Participants with ASD did not show higher VA than those with SCH and TYP. There were no substantial correlations of VA with clinical severity in ASD or SCH. This study could not confirm the eagle-eyed acuity hypothesis of ASD, or find evidence for a connection of VA and clinical phenotypes. Research needs to further address the origins and circumstances associated with altered sensory or perceptual processing in ASD.
- Published
- 2012
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