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The major objective of this study was to describe the outsource employment service quality and customer satisfaction in selected customers of Commercial Nominees in Addis Ababa using SERVPERF model. Cluster sampling technique used for grouping 24 institutional customers' branches/outlets in five regions. In addition, simple random sampling technique applied to select respondents' customers from the sample frame. The data collection instrument, used in this study, was questionnaire and structured interviews. Primary data collected from outsource employment customers of Commercial Nominees using self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire contained SERVPERF model with 22 performance statements and the degree of the customers' agreement measured using five point Likert Scale methods. From total population of 2,041 CNs outsource employment institutional customers outlets the study used 773 target population in Addis Ababa, a sample size of 264 questionnaires were administered out of which 246 questionnaires were found to be convenient and used for a comprehensive empirical analysis. The research design used mixed approach and the interpretation of the data conducted by using descriptive and inferential statistics with the help of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) instrument version 16. In addition, various statistical tools like, frequency, percentage, Cronbach's Alpha, correlation and regression analysis applied, and the following findings identified. The regression analysis shows that all the service quality dimensions have significant influence on customer satisfaction. The correlation analysis also revealed that all service quality dimensions have positive and significant relationship with overall customer satisfaction. The result of the study also showed that, 44.7% of the respondents are not satisfied with the service delivery of the Commercial Nominees. Thus, the company should give strong emphasis to all service quality dimensions for contentiously improving its customer satisfaction

We hypothesized that, because of the ability of trees to sequester carbon (C) in the deep soil profile and remove excess nutrients from soils, the silvopastoral agroforestry system could enhance the environmental quality of the agricultural lands. To test this hypothesis, two sets of experiments were conducted in two soil orders in Florida, Spodosols and Ultisols, with two major objectives: i) determining the soil C accumulation and tracing the plant sources of C in soil fractions, and ii) quantifying water soluble phosphorus (WSP) and estimating the Soil P Storage Capacity (SPSC). Total C in both soil orders was greater under silvopasture than in treeless pastures, particularly at lower depths. Stable-isotope signature analysis suggested that C3 plants (in this case, slash pine, Pinus elliotii) contributed to a more stable C fraction than C4 plants (in this case, bahiagrass, Paspalum notatum) at soil depths up to 1 m. WSP was consistently higher in treeless pastures, while the remaining SPSC was lower in this land-use system, suggesting the greater likelihood of P moving out of the soil under treeless pasture than in silvopasture. Thus, the presence of trees in pastures contributed to more stable C within the soil profiles, lower WSP, and greater SPSC, indicating more environmental benefits provided by silvopastoral systems as compared to treeless pastures under similar ecological settings. Nossa hipótese é de que devido à habilidade das árvores seqüestrarem carbono (C) no perfil profundo do solo e remover o excesso de nutrientes dos solos, o sistema de silvopastagem agroflorestal poderia melhorar a qualidade ambiental de terras agricultáveis. Para testar esta hipótese, dois grupos de experimentos foram conduzidos em duas ordens de solos na Florida, Espodossolos e Ultissolos, com dois objetivos principais: i) determinar a acumulação de C do solo e investigar as fontes de C para as plantas nas frações dos solos, e ii) quantificar o fósforo solúvel em água (FSA) e estimar a capacidade de armazenamento de fósforo no solo (CAFS). O C total em ambos os solos foi maior sob o sistema de silvopastagem do que sob pastagens com menos árvores, particularmente nas profundidades mais baixas. A análise por assinatura de isótopo estável sugeriu que as plantas C3 (neste caso, slash pine, Pinis elliotti) contribuíram mais para a fração estável do carbono do que plantas C4 (neste caso, bahiagrass, Paspalum notatum) nas profundidades dos solos acima de 1 m. O FSA foi consistentemente maior em pastagens com poucas árvores, enquanto que a CAFS foi mais baixa neste sistema, sugerindo a grande probabilidade do fósforo ser mais facilmente movido do solo sob pastagens com poucas árvores do que nos sob silvopastagem. Deste modo, a presença de árvores em pastagens contribuiu para C mais estável nos perfis dos solos e o mais baixo FSA e a maior CAFS indicaram os grandes benefícios ambientais fornecidos pelos sistemas de silvopastagem comparados com as pastagens com poucas árvores em condições ecológicas similares.