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Board Certified Psychiatric Pharmacists (BCPPs) practice in a variety of inpatient and outpatient health care settings as part of collaborative, multidisciplinary teams. The American Association of Psychiatric Pharmacists (AAPP) has promoted the expansion of psychiatric pharmacy through the development of psychotropic stewardship programs (PSPs). Based on the standards developed during the creation and expansion of antimicrobial stewardship programs, psychotropic stewardship promotes the safe and appropriate use of psychotropic medications. AAPP envisions every patient with a psychiatric diagnosis will have their medication treatment plan reviewed, optimized, and managed by a psychotropic stewardship team with a psychiatric pharmacist as a co-leader. Because of variations in practice site resources, patient populations, and provider collaboration, the creation and implementation of PSPs should be based on site-specific needs and opportunities. Initial patient identification could prioritize those prescribed multiple medications, high-risk psychotropics, or comorbid medical diagnoses. However, every patient prescribed a psychotropic medication should have the opportunity to work with a PSP. Incremental implementation may be required during the planning stages of stewardship teams. Use of clinical practice-related core outcomes will allow for the optimization of program resources, increased recognition, and improved patient outcomes. PSPs should be patient-focused and integrate patients' preferences and access to recommended treatment options. The eventual goal of PSP implementation is official recognition by key regulatory agencies as a standard of care for patients who receive a diagnosis of a psychiatric or substance use disorder.

A template is provided for evaluating experimental uncertainties for neutron elastic and inelastic scattering cross sections and γ-ray production cross sections from (n, xn) measurements at laboratories with monoenergetic or white neutron sources. A typical range of uncertainties is presented for experiments detecting the scattered neutrons or the resulting de-excitation γ rays based on a survey of available data and input from many experimentalists and theorists with extensive knowledge in the field. Models commonly used to evaluate the resulting cross-sections are also discussed. Suggestions are made regarding what experimental and uncertainty information is needed for data evaluations and should be included when reporting experimental (n, xn) cross sections. Uncertainty values and correlations are recommended if these values cannot be estimated for past data from the literature.

In this paper, we provide templates of uncertainty sources expected to appear for three measurement types of prompt fission neutron spectra (PFNS): (1) shape measurements, (2) clean-ratio shape, that is the monitor PFNS are measured in nearly exactly the same surrounding as the PFNS of interest, and (3) indirect ratios, where the detector efficiency is backed out from PFNS monitor measurements. Information is also listed that is needed to faithfully include PFNS in nuclear data evaluations to guide experimenters on how to best report data and metadata for their measurements. These templates also suggest a typical range of pertinent uncertainty values and their correlations in case realistic uncertainties cannot be estimated from information on the measurement itself. The templates were based on a literature review, information found in EXFOR for 252Cf, 235, 238U, and 239Pu PFNS, and enhanced by expertise from experimenters contributing to these PFNS templates.

This paper provides a template of expected uncertainties and correlations for measurements of neutron-induced capture and charged-particle production cross sections. Measurements performed in-beam include total absorption spectroscopy, total energy detection, γ-ray spectroscopy, and direct charged-particle detection. Offline measurements include activation analysis and accelerator mass spectrometry. The information needed for proper use of the datasets in resonance region and high energy region evaluations is described, and recommended uncertainties are provided when specific values are not available for a dataset.

We report the current results of a large effort to accurately measure the Prompt Fission Neutron Spectra (PFNS) for neutron-induced fission of 235U and 239Pu for incident neutrons with energies from 1 to 20 MeV. The Chi-Nu experiment at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center used an unmoderated, white spectrum of neutrons to induce fission in actinide samples that were placed inside a parallel plate avalanche counter to provide a fast fission signal. A double time-of-flight technique was used to determine the incoming and outgoing neutron energies. Two neutron detector arrays, one with 54 liquid scintillators and another with 22 lithium glass detectors, were used to detect the outgoing neutrons and measure the PFNS distributions over a wide range in outgoing neutron energy, from below 100 keV to 10 MeV. Extensive Monte Carlo modeling was used to understand the experiment response and extract the PFNS. Systematic errors and uncertainties in the method have been examined and quantified. A summary of these results for incoming energies from 1 to 5 MeV is presented here.

Prompt fission neutron spectrum (PFNS) evaluations use provide nuclear data for the PFNS across a wide range of incident and outgoing neutron energies. However, experimental data underlying the evaluation are sparse, inconsistent, and incomplete with respect to the desired incident and outgoing energy coverage. As such, evaluations sometimes predict features of the PFNS, such those relating to multi-chance fission and pre-equilibrium pre-fission neutron emission, without any experimental validation. The Chi-Nu experiment at Los Alamos National Laboratory has recently obtained high-precision results for the 239Pu and 235U PFNS which, for the first time in both cases, have shed light on multi-chance fission and pre-equilibrium contributions to the observed fission neutron spectrum. In addition to providing the first experimental data on some of these fission properties, the angular coverage of the Chi-Nu experiment allows for the extraction of angular distributions of pre-equilibrium pre-fission neutrons. PFNS results of multi-chance fission and pre-equilibrium pre-fission neutron emission are discussed in this proceedings in terms of the observed neutron spectrum and the average PFNS energies.

The goal of the Chi-Nu experiment at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center is to measure the prompt fission neutron spectra from major actinides using a double time-of-flight method with a pulsed, white incoming neutron source. Fission events are detected with a parallel-plate avalanche counter and outgoing neutrons are detected with either a 6Li-glass or liquid scintillator detector array for low- or high-energy neutrons, respectively. A detector response matrix for the interaction of neutrons with the experimental environment for neutrons measured with the Chi-Nu 6Li-glass detector array has been calculated to obtain a full understanding of the measured Chi-Nu data and also to allow for nearly instantaneous production of simulated Chi-Nu data spectra. Prompt fission neutron spectra corresponding to 19 incoming neutron energy ranges from 0.7-20 MeV have been extracted using the ratio-of-ratios method with Chi-Nu 6Li-glass data on the neutron-induced fission of 235U.

A new 238U(n,f) prompt fission neutron spectra (PFNS) measurement has been recently performed at the WNR facility of the Los Alamos National Laboratory. The measurement allows one to explore the dependence of the prompt fission neutron energy spectra on the incident neutron energy. The experimental setup couples the Chi-Nu scintillator array to a newly developed fission chamber, characterized by an improved alphafission discrimination and time resolution, a reduced amount of matter in the neutron beam and a higher actinide mass. The dedicated setup and the high statistics collected allow us to obtain a good precision on the measured fission neutron energy, as well as to explore the low energy region, down to 650keV, and the high energy region, above 5 MeV, of the emitted neutron spectrum. These are indeed the regions where discrepancies in the evaluated PFNS data are found. We present here the first preliminary results of the experiment.

A new prompt fission neutron spectra (PFNS) measurement in the 238U(n,f) reaction was performed at LANSCE/WNR facility. Evaluated data show discrepancies on the low (below 1 MeV) and high (above 5 MeV) energy parts in the PFNS for different major and minor actinides. The goal is to improve these measurements in a wide range of incident energy. The energy of the incoming neutron, inducing the fission, and the prompt neutron energies, are measured by time-of-flight method. A dedicated fission chamber was developed, in order to improve alpha-fission discrimination, timing resolution, actinide mass, and to reduce the amount of neutron scattering. To detect prompt neutrons, the 54 Chi-Nu scintillator cells array were surrounding the fission chamber. High statistics were recorded during this experiment, allowing a precise study of PFNS behavior as a function of incident neutron energy, from 1 MeV to 200 MeV. This experiment also showed that all the new tools developed to improve PFNS measurements are performing. Therefore, measurements of PFNS with others actinides such as 239Pu are planned.

This article addresses the challenge posed by the Emerald Ash Borer (EAB), a wood–boring insect that threatens to kill ash trees, one of the North America's most vital tree genera. Current strategies include monitoring, treatment, and removal. However, the absence of a private-public partnership hinders progress on private ash trees. We propose two cost-sharing programs where local governments reimburse landowners for their management costs. This approach considers the EAB's dynamic growth over two periods based on different treatment decisions. Two mathematical models are developed for designing reimbursements: one based on the number of infested trees and another on the number of treated trees. We derive analytical solutions for the optimal treatment decisions and reimbursements in the first period. Our study reveals that treatment effectiveness and the likelihood of new infestations in the second period influence the optimal decisions. Comparing the reimbursement models, the treatment-based program proves more effective, encouraging landowners to treat more trees with higher reimbursements and overall benefits. Further, we show that continuing EAB treatment beyond the 2-year cost-sharing program is expected to yield superior long-term benefits. The approach seeks to foster private-public partnerships in addressing environmental challenges through resource sharing, such as managing water, land, and wildfires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We estimate the value of information to farmers from a soybean rust sentinel plot monitoring network. Monitoring provides value over time from farmers learning about their risk of infection and contemporaneously from farmers making more profitable fungicide applications. Optimizing the spatial configuration of the network reveals the value of information plateaus at around $920 million with around 75 sentinel plots. The optimal spatial distribution of sentinel plots differs substantially from historical placements. Optimal sentinel plot placement would have included fewer plots in the Southern United States, where the risk of infection is relatively high, and more in the Midwest, where soybean production is relatively high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protecting wildlife within areas of resource extraction often involves reducing habitat fragmentation. In Canada, protecting threatened woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou (Gmelin, 1788)) populations requires preserving large areas of intact forest habitat, with some restrictions on industrial forestry activities. We present a linear programming model that assesses the trade-off between achieving an objective of habitat protection for caribou populations while maintaining desired levels of harvest in forest landscapes. The habitat-protection objective maximizes the amount of connected habitat that is accessible by caribou, and the forestry objective maximizes net revenues from timber harvest subject to even harvest flow, a harvest target, and environmental sustainability constraints. We applied the model to explore the habitat protection and harvesting scenarios in the Cold Lake caribou range, a 6726 [km.sup.2] area of prime caribou habitat in Alberta, Canada. We evaluated harvest scenarios ranging from 0.1 [Mm.sup,3] * [year.sup.-1] to maximum sustainable harvest levels over 0.7 [Mm.sup,3] * [year.sup.-1] and assessed the impact of habitat protection measures on timber supply costs. Protecting caribou habitat by deferring or reallocating harvest increases the timber unit cost by Can$1.1-2.0 [m.sup.-3]. However, this impact can be partially mediated by extending the harvest to areas of oil and gas extraction to offset forgone harvest in areas of prime caribou habitat. Key words: caribou recovery, network flow model, mixed-integer programming, Steiner network, landscape connectivity, harvest scheduling model I, wildlife habitat protection, Canada. La protection de la faune dans les zones ou on procede a l'extraction des ressources implique souvent la reduction de la fragmentation de l'habitat. Au Canada, la protection des populations de caribou des bois (Rangifer tarandus caribou (Gmelin, 1788)) exige la preservation de vastes zones d'habitat forestier intact et l'imposition de certaines restrictions sur les activites forestieres industrielles. Nous presentons un modele de programmation lineaire qui permet d'evaluer le compromis entre la realisation des objectifs de protection de l'habitat pour les populations de caribou tout en maintenant les niveaux souhaites de recolte dans les paysages forestiers. L'objectif de protection de l'habitat maximise la quantite d'habitat non fragmente accessible au caribou et l'objectif de la foresterie maximise les revenus nets provenant de la recolte de bois, sujets a un volume regulier de recolte, une cible de recolte et a des contraintes de durabilite environnementale. Nous avons applique le modele pour explorer des scenarios de protection de l'habitat et de recolte dans le territoire du caribou du lac Cold, un excellent habitat pour le caribou d'une superficie de 6726 [km.sup.2] situe en Alberta au Canada. Nous avons evalue des scenarios de recolte variant de 0,1 [Mm.sup.3] * [an.sup.-1] a des niveaux maximum de recolte durable de plus de 0,7 [Mm.sup.3] * [an.sup.-1] et nous avons evalue l'impact des mesures de protection de l'habitat sur les couts d'approvisionnement en bois. La protection de l'habitat du caribou par le report ou la reaffectation de la recolte augmente le cout unitaire du bois de 1,1 a 2,0 Can$ [m.sup.-3]. Cependant, on peut en partie attenuer l'impact en etendant la recolte aux zones d'extraction d'huile et de gaz pour compenser la recolte perdue dans les zones qui offrent un habitat ideal pour le caribou. Mots-cles : retablissement du caribou, modele de flux de reseau, programmation partiellement en nombres entiers, reseau de Steiner, connectivite des paysages, modele de calendrier de recolte I, protection de l'habitat faunique, Canada., Introduction Woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou (Gmelin, 1788)) is designated a threatened species under Canada's Species at Risk Act (SARA) and Alberta's provincial Wildlife Act (Committee on the Status of [...]