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Efficient and accurate monitoring of green tide is of great significance to marine disaster prevention and marine environment protection. A method is proposed in this article for the automatic extraction of the green tide from Chinese Gaofen-3 (GF-3) satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, which is based on feature selection and deep learning. In this article, since SAR images contain rich polarization information, we first employ H/A/α decomposition and other methods for the extraction of high-dimensional features from GF-3 SAR images. Second, a novel feature selection method for SAR images is designed by using the Bhattacharyya distance and the Separability index, which can select the optimal features subset with a strong ability for recognizing green tide and without correlation between features from the high-dimensional features of SAR. Then, to alleviate the model training burden and improve the prediction efficiency, a lightweight semantic segmentation network, called Mobile-SegNet, is designed based on MobileNets and SegNet. Finally, the selected optimal features and their labels are sent to Mobile-SegNet for training and obtaining the automatic recognition model of green tide, and in turn, the automatic extraction of green tide is achieved through model prediction. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed green tide extraction method, GF-3 SAR remote sensing images taken in 2020 that covered the Yellow Sea are collected and used in the green tide extraction experiment. The results show that the proposed method is available for an effective reduction of the feature dimension required for green tide extraction, and the improvement of the accuracy and efficiency of green tide detection. The overall accuracy, F1-score, mean intersection over union, and the kappa coefficient of the proposed method reached 99.52%, 95.76%, 92.19%, and 0.92, respectively.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major global threat to human health worldwide. Recently, the Chinese medicines with antiviral properties and low toxicity have been a concern. In our previous study

A novel and efficient NHC-catalyzed [3+3] annulation of enals with pyrrol-4-ones was developed, thus providing the dihydropyrano[3,2-b]pyrrol-5-one core structures with broad scope and good to excellent enantioselectivities. Notably, this strategy could also expand to the synthesis of axially chiral compounds and polysubstituted indoles.

Data sharing helps to make full use of each other&rsquo, s data and enable the digital economy. With the gradual rise of corporate data sharing, the frequent occurrence of data leakage events highlights the dilemma of data sharing, leakage and supervision, which infringes on the data assets of the leaked party. Our paper aims to design an effective data supervision mechanism and achieve the stability of data sharing alliance. Therefore, this paper considers the data technology capabilities of both parties of the data sharing alliance and the benefits and loss of data leakage, establishes the game model and supervision mechanism of data sharing, leakage and supervision under the condition of complete information, and analyzes the game equilibrium and the influence of different supervision levels on the company&rsquo, s data sharing and leakage behavior. The results show that the company sharing and leaking behavior is affected by both the level of data supervision fines and the relative technical level. Our model can make up for the weakness of the low-tech company, control the company&rsquo, s choice of leaking behaviors, and ensure the stability of data sharing alliance by designing reasonable data supervision mechanism, especially the severe data supervision strategy.

Yu, H.F.; Wang, C.Y.; Sui, Y.; Li, J.H., and Chu, J.L., 2020. Automatic extraction of green tide using dual polarization China GF-3 SAR images. In: Jung, H.-S.; Lee, S.; Ryu, J.-H., and Cui, T.W. (eds.), Advances in Geospatial Research of Coastal Environments. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 102, pp. 318-325. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.Traditional optical images are not suitable for the all-weather observation of green tide due to the fact that they are greatly affected by clouds. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) on the other hand, is able to realize all-day and all-weather observation due to a lower sensitivity to clouds, rain and fog. SAR images are therefore an effective supplementary data for the monitoring of green tide. Due to the differences in brightness and noise across the different areas in an image, it is difficult to use the same threshold in order to extract all the green tide information from the image. Based on the iterative threshold method and the histogram bimodal method, this paper presents a new method for the automatic detection of green tide that uses adaptive thresholds for Gaofen-3 (GF-3) satellite dual polarization SAR remote sensing images. In this study, firstly, a sliding window is used to segment the image into multiple sub-images of the same size; secondly, the iterative threshold method is used to obtain the green tide and seawater samples that have the theoretical bimodal structure from each sub-image; then, using the histogram bimodal method, the detection threshold is calculated automatically; and finally, using the threshold segmentation, the green tide areas are extracted from the images. In order to verify the proposed method, the multi-scale segmentation method and the proposed method are both used to detect green tide in China Yellow Sea. The study results show that in the case of GF-3 SAR FSII images, the proposed automatic detection method is superior to the multi-scale segmentation method, as it not only improves the accuracy of green tide detection, but also realizes the automation of green tide extraction. Furthermore, Cross-polarization (HV) images may be more suitable than co-polarization (HH) images for the extraction of green tide due to their lower noise level.

It is a hot research direction to reveal the working mechanism of brain by measuring the connection characteristics of brain function network. In this paper, to decode pigeon behavior outcomes in goal-directed decision task, an experiment based on plus maze was designed and the nidopallium caudolaterale (NCL) of the pigeon was selected as the target brain region. The local field potential (LFP) signals in the waiting area (WA) and turning area (TA) were recorded when the pigeons performed the goal-directed tasks. Then, the brain functional connection networks of the LFPs were constructed and the extracted features were applied to decode pigeon behavior outcomes. Firstly, continuous wavelet transform (CWT) was used to carried out time-frequency analysis and the task-related frequency band (40-60 Hz) was extracted. Then, weighted sparse representation (WSR) method was used to construct the functional connectivity network and the related network features were selected. Finally, k-nearest neighbor (kNN) algorithm was used to decode behavior outcomes. The results show that the energy difference between TA and WA in 40-60 Hz band is significantly higher than those in other bands. The selected features have good discriminability for the representation of the differences between WA and TA. The decoding results also suggest the classification performance of the different behavior outcomes. These results show the effectiveness of the WSR to construct the function network to decode behavior outcomes.

How to extract high discriminative features that help classification from complex resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) data is the key to improving the accuracy of brain disease recognition such as schizophrenia. In this work, we use a weighted sparse model for brain network construction, and utilize the Kendall correlation coefficient (KCC) to extract the discriminative connectivity features for schizophrenia classification, which is conducted with the linear support vector machine. Experimental results based on the rs-fMRI of 57 schizophrenia patients and 64 healthy controls show that our proposed method is more effective (如何从复杂的静息态功能核磁共振成像（rs-fMRI）数据中提取高鉴别性特征，是提升精神分裂症识别精度的关键。本文使用一种加权稀疏脑网络构建方法，采用肯德尔相关系数（KCC）从脑网络中提取连接特征，并基于线性支持向量机对 57 例精神分裂症患者与 64 例健康受试者进行分类研究，最终得到了较高的分类精度（81.82%）。本文研究结果表明，相较于传统的皮尔逊相关和基于稀疏表示的脑网络构建方法，以及常用的双样本

Energy efficiency (EE) is a critical performance indicator for the device-to-device (D2D) communication underlaying cellular networks due to limited battery capacity and serious interference between user equipment. In this study, we proposed a power control and channel allocation scheme for the EE maximization of the D2D pairs, while jointly reusing uplink&ndash, downlink resources and guaranteeing the cellular users&rsquo, (CUs) quality of service (QoS). The formulated problem was a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem, which is generally an unsolved non-deterministic polynomial-time hardness (NP-hard) problem within polynomial time. To make it tractable to solve, the original problem was divided into two sub-problems: power control and channel allocation. A power control algorithm based on the Lambert W function was proposed to maximize the EE of the individual D2D pair. Assigning either an uplink or downlink resource to reuse, the EE of each D2D pair was calculated using the power control results. A channel allocation scheme based on the Kuhn&ndash, Munkres algorithm utilized the EE weights to optimize the overall EE of the D2D pairs. The simulation results verified the theoretical analysis and proved that the proposed algorithm could remarkably improve the EE of D2D pairs while guaranteeing the QoS of the CUs.

Citrus fruits are a good source of flavanones. The present study aimed to assess the effect of food matrix elements [dietary fibres (DFs)] on the flavanone profile of grapefruit peel (GFP) and on the gut microbiota during in vitro digestion and simulated colonic fermentation. The contents of low-molecular-weight metabolites (dihydrocaffeic acid and 3-phenylpropionic acid) were increased by pectin, konjac and chitosan in medium- and high-viscosity matrices. Compared with the GFP group, the counts of Lactobacillus spp. and Clostridium leptum were significantly increased in medium-viscosity food matrices (konjac and chitosan) (p 0.05). Moreover, the acetic and propionic acid contents were significantly elevated in the GFP + DF groups after 12 h of fermentation (p 0.05). GFP flavanones were retained by DF, and the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant potency composite (APC) index decreased during in vitro digestion. These findings indicate that medium-viscosity DFs (konjac and chitosan) could act as key food matrix elements for the retention of polyphenols.

The Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) is known for its massive Phanerozoic generation of juvenile crust. The tectonic evolution of the CAOB during the late Paleozoic era is still debated. The Eastern Erenhot ophiolite complex (EOC) has been recognized as one of the numerous late Paleozoic ophiolitic blocks in the southeastern part of the CAOB. Zircon U-Pb dating on rhyolite and plagiogranite from the EOC yielded a tight range of ages from 360 to 348 Ma, indicating that the complex formed in the early Carboniferous. The primitive mantle-normalized spider diagram of rhyolites (eNd(t) values of +6.8 and +7) and basalts almost overlaps. Such rhyolites may have been derived from partial melting of juvenile basaltic rocks during the initial opening of the Erenhot–Hegenshan oceanic basin. All of the plagiogranites exhibit similar trace element behaviours of High Field-Strength Elements, such as U, Zr and Hf, and Large Ion Lithophile Elements, such as Ba and Rb, to these of gabbros. These plagiogranites were considered products of episodes of partial melting of hydrous gabbros during ocean floor spreading. We conclude that the northern subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean stopped before 360 Ma and the southeastern CAOB experienced extension during the late Paleozoic era. The Erenhot–Hegenshan Ocean, which is comparable to the present Red Sea, originated from syn-collisional crustal thickening, subsequent lithosphere extension, and upwelling of the asthenosphere during orogenic quiescence with an age of 20 Ma.

The timing and extent of cratonic destruction are crucial to understanding the crustal evolution of the North China Craton (NCC). Zircon U–Pb–Hf isotope data and the whole-rock major and trace element characteristics of the Huyu igneous rocks in northwestern Beijing, China, provide possible new evidence for the initial destruction of the NCC. The igneous rocks occur as several sills and dikes, including lamprophyre, monzonite porphyry, and aplite. The lamprophyres have high Mg# and K2O contents. The monzonite porphyries have high Mg#, high K2O contents, and negative eHf(t) values with zircon U–Pb ages of 225.5–227.7 Ma. These two types of rocks are both enriched in large ion lithosphere elements (LILEs) and light rare earth elements (LREEs) but are depleted in high field strength elements (HFSEs) and high rare earth elements (HREEs) and have almost no Eu anomalies and relatively high total rare earth element (ΣREE) contents. In contrast, the aplites exhibit high silica and K2O contents, low MgO co...

Objective: To investigate the incidence and risk factors of acute renal injury (AKI) after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) cardiac surgery in infants with congenital heart disease(CHD). Methods: Single-center data from a total of 613 infants with congenital heart disease who underwent cardiothoracic surgery in Fujian Union Hospital.The included patients were divided into two groups according to the occurrence of AKI: AKI group (n = 68) and non-AKI group (n = 92). We obtained clinical data from the electronic hospitalization information system and the laboratory database. All infants were tested for serum creatinine at least twice within 12 hours of admission and after operation. We determined AKI events according to creatinine criteria for improving global prognosis of renal diseases.The general and clinical data of the infants were collected, and the related risk factors were explored by univariate analysis and Logistic regression analysis. Results: 160 patients had congruent lab and echocardiogram data foranalysis. Most of patients are male (56.26%). Original congenital cardiac malformation is similar with our study, the most common is left-to-right shunt CHD(58%), followed by right-to-left shunt CHD(18.75%). All patients showed differences in liver function, renal function, cardiac function and inflammatory indexes within 12 hours of admission and after operation(p

The methylation or trideuteromethylation reaction of isocyanides with dimethyl sulfoxides in a radical way is developed, which offers a low-cost, easy-operation cascade methylation strategy for the synthesis of phenanthridines or isoquinolines.

An Early Paleozoic acid volcanic sequence has been recently detected southeast of Sonid Zuoqi in central Inner Mongolia to constrain the tectonic evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt in this area. First, the volcanic rocks have zircon U–Pb ages of 439–445 Ma. They are characterized by (a) a high silica content, moderate alkali content and low iron content; (b) enrichment in light rare earth elements, depletion of heavy rare earth elements, and negative Eu anomalies; and (c) negative Nb, Ta, and Ti anomalies. Finally, the volcanic samples yield eHf(t) values of − 4.7 to + 9.2 with TDM2 ages of 835–1724 Ma. For petrogenesis, they were possibly arc derived, from predominant juvenile materials with subordinate ancient continental crust. Combined with previous studies, the Early Paleozoic Sonid Zuoqi arc magmatism can be divided into three stages: a primitive arc stage represented by 464–490 Ma low-K, calcic granitoids; a normal continental arc stage represented by 439–445 Ma medium-K, calcic to calcic-alkalic plutons and volcanic rocks and a syn-collisional stage represented by 423–424 Ma high-K granites. Furthermore, the timing and tectonic settings of the above magmatic rocks show similarities to those in Xilinhot and other areas of the northern Early to Mid-Paleozoic orogenic belt (NOB), although the rock assemblies and their proportions vary more or less in different areas. Accordingly, the NOB that formed on this arc was probably attributed to the northward subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean beginning at ~ 500 Ma, which experienced this type of arc development and was terminated by a soft collision before the Late Devonian.

Mechanism of credit risk transmission in the regional power market is an important issue in the current risk management of power trading market. This paper purpose a multi-order credit risk propagation model based on IIM (Inoperability Input-output Model) to analyze the propagation mechanism of multi-order credit risk in the regional power market. Meanwhile we conduct simulation analysis, supposed the discrediting behaviors of some nodes of the regional power market, which leads to the related ability loss or economic loss of other market nodes in the power market system. On account of the simulation results, we propose some protective measures of the relevant nodes in the regional power market when different enterprise nodes suffer from credit risk events.

With the rapid progress in the new power market reformation in China, electric power sales company' credit is playing as a more important role in the power market. This paper takes electric sales company without grid occupation as an example to build a credit rating system; configure out the credit index weighted by AHP and purpose an overall credit rating model. Our study will provide some basis regulations of power market and help State Grid Corp. of China and other electric buyers to rate credit risk of electric power sales companies.

The tectonic setting of the southeastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) during the Late Paleozoic has been debated for many years. Provenance analysis of Permo-Carboniferous sedimentary rocks can effectively address this issue. In this study, eight sandstone samples were collected for zircon U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotopic analyses combined with petrographic analysis. Framework petrography and zircon morphology suggest that the samples were from recycled orogen of an igneous origin. Carboniferous rocks, with a significant age peak at 432 Ma and eHf (t) values of − 9.0 to 13.6, were mainly derived from Early to Mid-Paleozoic magmatic rocks and deposited in a piedmont zone, namely, the margin of an inland sea. Permian rocks, mostly with age peaks at 445 Ma and/or 280 Ma and eHf (t) values of − 25.2 to 11.4, dominantly originated from a pre-existing Early to Mid-Paleozoic magmatic arc and Late Paleozoic igneous rocks. These rocks formed in restricted basins of the piedmont and intermountain zones. Based on zircon spectral discrimination, sedimentary environmental analysis, and previous studies, this study supports the interpretation that the southeastern CAOB entered stages of extension and rifting during the Late Paleozoic. In the end, this study proposes a tectonic-paleogeographic reconstruction to explain the tectonic evolution of the southeastern CAOB and the exhumation–transportation–deposition processes between the basins and ranges developed in this orogen.

Aiming at the deception phenomena in the electric power market that disorder the power trading, the early warning problem of power users' credit risk in the power market was studied. To solve the problem, an early warning model based on SVM (Support Vector Machine) was purposed. First the evaluation criteria system and grading standard were discussed in detail. Secondly the early warning model based on SVM was built and the optimization of parameters was analyzed. Finally the data of Liaoning Electric Power Co., Ltd., from 2013 to 2016 is chosen as the sample data for verifying and simulating the early-warming model of power customers' credit risk. The results showed the effectiveness of the proposed method.

According to the entropy theory, information never occurs spontaneously at the expense of energy dissipation in the process of dissemination and transformation by taking into account of the impact of the complex system. At the pan-media era of media convergence, we have to take into consideration introduction of negative entropy to maintain stability of the communication system, so as to alleviate the disordering development process of the system caused by entropy increase. Thus, this article establishes “the projectile-turbine communication model” which highlights introduction of negative entropy in openness of the system, which provides evidence for orderly communication of fragmented information era. The value of this new model lies in that it highlights the dynamic nature of mass communication.

Based on the characteristics of colony emergence of artificial organisms, their dynamic interaction with the environment, and the food-chain crucial to the life system, the rules of local activities of artificial organisms at different levels are defined. The article proposes an artificial life-based algorithm, which is referred to as the food-chain algorithm. This algorithm optimizes computation by simulating the evolution of natural ecosystems and the information processing mechanism of natural organisms. The definition, idea and flow of the algorithm are introduced, and relevant rules on metabolic energy and change in the surroundings where artificial-life individuals live are depicted. Furthermore, key parameters of the algorithm are systematically analyzed. Test results show that the algorithm has quasi-life traits that include being autonomous, evolutionary, and self-adaptive. These traits are highly fit for optimization problems of life-like systems such as the location-allocation problem of a distribution network system.

At present, university students, as the "after 90" and a new generation of young intellectuals, are being paid generally attentions by mass media. Nevertheless, university students’ public images are on a decline as they have negative news appeared ceaselessly. Contemporary university students are becoming a group of people who are gazed at fixedly by the media. Moreover, the media keeps gazing at them and help them to build university students’ media images. However, this kind of media behavior affects public judgments on university students’ images. Furthermore, in the eye of the public, university students’ images become serious distortion.

In the view of logic, information is proposition in essence. In order to make full use of information, people can understand information by logic. However facing the uncertainty of information, classical logic has outlived its effectiveness, we must find a new logic which can describe the uncertain information properly, and quantum logic is just the one. Thus, the article studies the representation of the uncertain information by quantum logic, which shows the significant cognitive function of quantum logic in uncertain information.

In an open and developed society, functions of media continue to spread, and their social responsibilities are also on the increase. As the social watcher and environmental monitor, how they should accomplish the historical mission endowed by the society in the presence of significant public and social issues? In this paper, taking the incident of “Sanlu problematic milk powder” as an example, the authors will discuss the social responsibilities of media in this incident.

A statistical analysis for the Rf/φ method is developed in the paper. The technique provides estimates of Rs, Ri and θ according to Rf and φ. Moreover, we can restore the pattern of initial orientations of marker objects by means of their frequency histogram, provided the strain is homogeneous. It is unnecessary to postulate random initial orientations if the principal directions of strain ellipsoid are known.