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Receiver function waveforms and crustal model across the central Tanlu fault zone in eastern China

Achieving optimal behavior requires animals to flexibly retrieve prior knowledge. Here, we show that adult newborn granule cells (anbGCs) mediate emotional state–dependent adaptability of memory retrieval. We find that acute social reward (aSR) enhances memory retrieval by increasing the reactivation of engram cells, while acute social stress (aSS) weakens retrieval and reduces the reactivation. Such bidirectional regulation relies on the activation of distinct populations of anbGCs by aSR and aSS, triggering opposing modifications of dDG activity, which is sufficient to regulate and predict the performance of memory retrieval. Concordantly, in emotional disorder models, aSR-dependent memory adaptability is impaired, while the effect of aSS remains intact. Together, our data revealed that anbGCs mediate adaptability of memory retrieval, allowing animals to flexibly retrieve memory according to the current emotional state, and suggested the essential roles of anbGCs in translating emotional information to the regulation of memory expression.

In the post-COVID-19 era, port congestion has become the norm, and the digitalization of shipping has accelerated due to the sporadic occurrence of global outbreaks. How to promote blockchain technology to improve the efficiency of port customs clearance and logistics transparency has become a hot research question. In this paper, we investigate the value of blockchain-based vertical cooperation led by a port or a shipping company in a one-to-two shipping service competition model. Meanwhile, we discuss consumer surplus and social welfare under different cooperation frameworks. We find that i) investment in blockchain technology can significantly increase the profits of port and shipping supply chain participants. ii) From the point of view of profit, when the investment efficiency of ports and shipping companies satisfies a certain relationship, there is a balanced strategy for both parties to invest in blockchain technology. iii) The more intense the competition for the services of shipping companies on the blockchain nodes, the lower the level of blockchain technology to improve the logistics capabilities of the port and shipping supply chain node companies. iv) From the perspective of maximizing consumer surplus and social welfare, the port’s investment in blockchain technology brings more consumer surplus and social welfare. The abovementioned findings can provide a reference for the daily operations of ports and shipping companies and present decision support for the government to formulate blockchain technology promotion policies.

For the slow-switching Hammerstein system in an impulsive noise environment, multiple identifiers are used to work together to detect the switching point quickly and accurately, and at the same time obtain the parameter estimates of the sub-model. Recursive identification of multiple innovations can improve the accuracy of the identification results and increase the robustness of the identification algorithm. Recursive identification of short innovations is more sensitive to changes in the system environment. Compare the identification results of the two identification algorithms to determine whether subsystem switching occurs and can resist the interference of impulse noise. During the switching process of the subsystem, the initial identification value generated during the switching process is confirmed to improve the convergence speed and speed up the switching process. Finally, simulation experiments prove the superiority of the proposed switching scheme.

After the Plinian Millennium Eruption (including the ME-I and ME-II eruptive stages) of Changbaishan Tianchi volcano in 969 ± 20 CE, two large-volume lahars were deposited mainly on the northern flank of the Erdaobaihe River, which flows through the only outlet from Tianchi Lake: (1) a lahar deposit containing gray and black pumice (Lahar (G&B) P) and (2) a lahar deposit containing lithic particles (Lahar L). Based on the sedimentary characteristics of lahar outcrops and grain-size and compositional analyses performed using standard dry sieving techniques, examination of thin sections and geochemical analyses, the origins, transport and deposit processes and fluid phase variations of the two lahar deposits are studied. These two lahar deposits are fan-like in the flat medial area (23–60 km from the crater) and fill channels in the distal mountainous area (>60 km from the crater). Lahar L in the medial area represents a complete composite lahar flow deposit with a frontal debris head (very coarse gravel texture, extremely poor sorting, massive and matrix-supported structure) and a hyperconcentrated fluid phase body and tail (coarse sandy texture, very poor sorting, faint horizontal stratification with thin lenses of gravel, clast-supported structure). Lahar L in the distal area represents the material that passed the debris flow head, and the fluid phase changes from debris flow to hyperconcentrated (poor sorting, clear thin horizontal stratification) downcurrent. The fluid phase of Lahar (G&B) P changes from debris flow in the medial area (medium gravel to fine sand, very poor sorting, thick horizontal stratification with floating pumice on each unit surface) to hyperconcentrated flow (poor sorting, thin horizontal stratification, clear normal graded bedding) and to stream flow (moderate sorting, cross-bedding) in the distal area. Lahar (G&B) P was likely formed by the mixing of water from Tianchi Lake and pyroclastic flows of ME-II. Lahar L was likely triggered by a sudden release (dam break) from Tianchi Lake. An assessment of the risk posed to the stability of Tianchi Lake is as important as an assessment of the eruption risk.

The ternary amides LiK2(NH2)3, LiK(NH2)2, and Li3K(NH2)4 are successfully synthesized by ball milling mixtures of LiNH2 and KNH2, and the hydrogen storage properties of Li3K(NH2)4–xMgH2 (x = 1, 2, 3, 4) are systematically investigated. The Li3K(NH2)4–2MgH2 sample displays optimized hydrogen storage properties, releasing 6.37 wt% of hydrogen in a two-stage reaction with an onset temperature of 60 °C. The first dehydrogenation stage exhibits good reaction kinetics and thermodynamic properties because of a lower activation energy and appropriate enthalpy change. After full dehydrogenation at 130 °C, the Li3K(NH2)4–2MgH2 sample absorbs 3.80 wt% of H2 below 160 °C in a variable temperature hydrogenation mode. Mechanistic investigations indicate that Li3K(NH2)4 reacts with MgH2 to produce Mg(NH2)2, LiH, and KH during ball milling. In the heating process, Mg(NH2)2 first reacts with LiH to form Li2Mg2N3H3 and LiNH2, while KH works as a catalyst, and then, KH reacts with Li2Mg2N3H3 and LiNH2 to generate a new K-containing compound.

During the past decades, significant progress has been made in the development of induced seismicity monitoring for related human activities. Hydraulic fracturing and induced seismicity monitoring are operating procedures for safe and effective production of oil and gas from unconventional resources, particularly shales. Hydraulic fracturing can induce seismicity through fluid injection and disturbance of subsurface stress in tight reservoirs. Most seismic events associated with hydraulic fracturing exhibit magnitude of Mw ≤ 3 and are referred to as microseismicity, while a few larger-magnitude earthquakes (e.g. Mw > 3) could also be induced by reactivating pre-existing faults. Here, we review the current status of research concerning induced seismicity monitoring for shale hydraulic fracturing. Induced seismicity contains information relating to important subsurface characteristics, e.g. rock failure potential and seismogenic zones. Microseismic monitoring is essential for reservoir characterization, e.g. fracture geometry delineation and reservoir geomechanical analysis. It is carried out with advanced acquisition, processing, and interpretation techniques, while larger-magnitude earthquakes are mainly exploited for potential geohazard management and mitigation. Challenges and prospects associated with multi-disciplines for future research and applications of induced seismicity monitoring are identified, and it contributes to achieve safe and efficient unconventional (tight) oil and gas resource exploitation.

Double-shelled Mn-doped NiCo2S4 (NiCoMn–S-h) hollow nanowire arrays are synthesized for optimized reactivity of hybrid supercapacitors. The NiCoMn–S-h is converted based on anion exchange reaction, which maintains the overall array structure of precursor and forms a double-shelled hollow structure. It is found that Mn composition lowers outer diffusion rate of precursor for the formation of inner shell of double-shelled structure. The specific structure and Mn-doping promote the performance of sulfides. As a result, the NiCoMn–S-h shows high specific capacity, improved rate performance and low charge transfer resistance as the battery electrode for hybrid supercapacitors. The NiCoMn–S-h exhibits a specific capacity of 948 C g−1 at 1 A g−1 combined with a highly retained specific capacity of 614 C g−1 at 50 A g−1. The NiCoMn–S-h displays well matched performance with the capacitive electrode in hybrid supercapacitors, which exhibits both high-energy and high-power performances with specific energy of 44.9 Wh kg−1 at 780 W kg−1 and 19.2 Wh kg−1 at 23.4 kW kg−1 delivered.

SummaryAchieving optimal behavior requires animals to flexibly retrieve prior knowledge. Here we show that adult newborn granule cells (anbGCs) mediate emotional-state-dependent plasticity of memory retrieval. We find that acute social reward (aSR) enhances memory retrieval by increasing the reactivation of engram cells, while acute social stress (aSS) weakens retrieval and reduces the reactivation. Such bidirectional regulation relies on the activation of distinct populations of anbGCs by aSR and aSS, triggering opposing modifications of dDG activity, which is sufficient to regulate and predict the performance of memory retrieval. Concordantly, in emotional disorder models, aSR-dependent memory plasticity is impaired, while the effect of aSS remains intact. Together, our data revealed that anbGCs mediate plasticity of memory retrieval, allowing animals to flexibly retrieve memory according to the current emotional state, and suggested the essential roles of anbGCs in translating emotional information to the regulation of memory expression.

Manganese dioxide nanowires with different diameters have been synthesized through a simple hydrothermal method. The morphology and microstructure of MnO2 nanowires were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The electrochemical studies showed that the capacitance of MnO2 nanowires with a smaller diameter is much higher than that with a larger diameter whether MgSO4 or Mg(NO3)2 electrolytes are used, both of which are higher than those based on Na2SO4 and Al2(SO4)3 electrolytes. Excellent stability, even more than 100% capacitance retention after 1000 cycles for the short MnO2 nanowire sample, was observed in electrolytes containing magnesium ions. The energy storage mechanisms of MnO2 nanowires in electrolytes containing multivalent and monovalent metal ions have been proposed based on the experimental results.

Objective: FoxO3a is a specific tumor suppressor gene in the forkhead transcription factor O subfamily (FoxO). Studies show that its expression plays a role in bladder cancer. The abnormal expression of miR-182 in bladder cancer suggests that miR-182 may be an oncogene in bladder cancer. Bioinformatic analysis showed that there is a target complementary binding site between miR-182 and Foxo3a. In this study, the expression of miR-182 and Foxo3a in cancer tissues of patients with bladder cancer was detected. The expression of miR-182 and Foxo3a in bladder cancer tissues and their relationship with the prognosis of the patients were analyzed, and the role of miR-182 in regulating the expression of Foxo3a and the biologic process of cell proliferation and apoptosis in bladder cancer cells was explored. Methods: Tumor tissues of patients with bladder cancer were collected and the normal bladder mucosa was used as a control. The expression of Foxo3a was detected by western blot. The expression of miR-182 and Foxo3a mRNA was detected by qRT-PCR. The relationship between miR-182, Foxo3a mRNA and the clinical features of patients was analyzed. The median expression of miR-182 and Foxo3a mRNA was bounded, and Log Rank test was used to compare the survival rate of low and high expression of miR-182 and Foxo3a mRNA. The double luciferase reporter gene assay was used to confirm a target regulatory effect between miR-182 and Foxo3a. In vitro, RT112 and T24 cells were divided into 2 groups: group miR-NC, and group miR-182 inhibitor. qRT-PCR and western blot were used to detect the expression of Foxo3a, flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis, and EdU staining was used to detect cell proliferation. Results: Compared with normal bladder tissue, the expression of miR-182 in bladder cancer tissue was significantly increased, and it was related to tumor size, TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). The expression of Foxo3a mRNA was significantly decreased, and was related to tumor size, TNM stage, histopathologic classification, and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between the expression of miR-182 and Foxo3a mRNA in bladder cancer (r = -0.602, P < 0.05). The prognosis of patients with high expression of miR-182 was significantly worse than that of those with low miR-182 expression. The prognosis of patients with low expression of Foxo3a was significantly better than those with high Foxo3a. Double luciferase reporter gene experiments confirmed that there was a target regulatory relationship between miR-182 and Foxo3a. Transfection of miR-182 inhibitor significantly increased the expression of Foxo3a in RT112 and T24 cells, significantly reducing cell proliferation, and significantly increasing apoptosis. Conclusion: The expression of miR-182 was increased and the expression of Foxo3a was decreased in bladder cancer, which is related to prognosis. Downregulation of the expression of miR-182 can increase the expression of Foxo3a, inhibiting the proliferation of bladder cancer cells and inducing apoptosis.

Mixed-metal compounds, especially for the sulfides, have been investigated as a very attractive type of electroactive materials for supercapacitors. In this work, we demonstrate nickel‒manganese (Ni‒Mn) sulfides are very attractive for supercapacitors with promising electrochemical performance. The Ni‒Mn sulfides with different Ni to Mn ratios have been synthesized via a facile one-pot hydrothermal method, which show a similar structure of interconnected particles and are very porous in microstructure. And then, the Ni‒Mn sulfides are investigated by three-electrode measurements and demonstrate strong synergy between Ni and Mn. The Ni‒Mn sulfide with a Ni to Mn ratio of 2:1 demonstrates superior performance of 1068 F g‒1 at 1 A g‒1. Lastly, The Ni‒Mn sulfide with a Ni to Mn ratio of 2:1 are used as positive electrode for two-electrode test, and the asymmetric supercapacitor shows both high energy and power densities combined with excellent cycling stability. Our work demonstrates that the Ni‒Mn sulfides are also very electrochemical active for supercapacitors and their performance can be tuned by changing the Ni to Mn ratio.

Nickel selenide with the single-phase structure has been widely studied as counterelectrode nanomaterials for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). However, the effect mechanism of the crystalline structure on the electrocatalytic activity is still needed to be explored and analyzed in nickel selenide with hybrid structure. Therefore, NiSe/NiSe2 hybrid nanomaterials are synthesized via a simple solvothermal approach in this work. NiSe/NiSe2 counterelectrodes are constructed by spraying NiSe/NiSe2 hybrid nanomaterials onto fluorine-doped tin oxide glass. The hybrid nanostructure of NiSe/NiSe2 counterelectrodes exhibits the more catalytic active sites, strong charge separation, and transfer ability for the reduction of triiodide owing to the well-controlled crystalline structure of nickel selenide. Therefore, the results from electrochemical measurements prove that the electrocatalytic activity of the optimized NiSe/NiSe2 counterelectrode is higher than that of platinum electrode. As a result, the DSC with the optimized NiSe/NiSe2 counterelectrode yields a remarkable photoelectrical conversion efficiency of 7.78%, which is larger than that of the DSC based on platinum electrode (7.09%). Our research work provides the insight into design and construct of nickel selenide counterelectrodes of DSCs.

Cobalt–manganese (Co–Mn)-based bimetallic compounds (such as Co–Mn oxides, hydroxides) have been investigated as a new type of high-performance electroactive materials for energy storage device. Nevertheless, Co–Mn sulfides are seldom investigated, especially for those with hierarchical architectures and structures. Herein, we first adopt a facile two-step hydrothermal route and synthesize Co–Mn sulfides with sea urchin-like architecture and nanowire array structure. The anion-exchange sulfuration process gives rise to hierarchical structure with numerous nanosheets grown on the surface. Benefiting from the attractive structures and the high electrochemical activity of Co–Mn sulfides, the Co–Mn sulfides show improved performance than Co–Mn oxides with similar morphology. Especially, the Ni foam-supported Co–Mn sulfide nanowire arrays exhibit superior performance of 502 C g−1 at 1 A g−1 as well as excellent cycling stability with 107% of capacity retention after 2000 cycles. In addition, a hybrid supercapacitor Co–Mn sulfide nanowire arrays/RGO displays an energy density of 18.4 Wh kg−1 at 375 W kg−1. More importantly, an ultrahigh power density (22.5 kW kg−1 at 9.5 Wh kg−1) and outstanding cycling stability can also be achieved. The excellent electrochemical performance can be ascribed to the attractive structure and high electrochemical activity of Co–Mn sulfide.

Trimetal NiCoMn-based sulfides with two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets constituted flower-like structures have been synthesized using an anion exchange approach, which exhibit excellent performance as electroactive battery materials for hybrid supercapacitors. These NiCoMn-based sulfides were transformed from layered hydroxides while well maintaining 2D nanosheets constituted flower-like structure. The amounts of Mn constitution have been tuned to control performance of sulfides. It is found that Mn doping causes formation of pure phase sulfide while maintaining same flower-like structure. Mn-doping can enhance specific capacity and cycling stability of sulfides, and resulting sulfides maintain a low charge transfer resistance. Mn-doped sulfides display a maximum specific capacity of 657.7C g−1 at 1 A g−1, and a specific capacity of 339.5C g−1 has been achieved when the specific current increases by 50 times to 50 A g−1. More significantly, the NiCoMn-based sulfide has been used to assemble hybrid supercapacitors with reduced graphene oxide, which achieves a maximum specific energy of 36.3 Wh kg−1 combined with long-term cycling stability.

We measured shear wave splitting from SKS data recorded by the transcontinental NECESSArray in NE China to constrain lithosphere deformation and sublithospheric flows beneath the area. We selected several hundreds of high quality SKS/SKKS waveforms from 32 teleseismic earthquakes occurring between 09/01/2009 and 08/31/2011 recorded by 125 broadband stations. These stations cover a variety of tectonic terranes, including the Songliao basin, the Changbaishan mountain range and Zhangguancai range in the east, the Great Xing'an range in the west and the Yanshan orogenic belt in the southwest. We assumed each station is underlaid by a single anisotropic layer and employed a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) weighted multi-event stacking method to estimate the two splitting parameters (the fast polarization direction φ, and delay time, δt) that gives the best fit to all the SKS/SKKS waveforms recorded at each station. Overall, the measured fast polarization direction lies more or less along the NW–SE direction, which significantly differs from the absolute plate motion direction, but is roughly consistent with the regional extension direction. This suggests that lithosphere deformation is likely the general cause of the observed seismic anisotropy. The most complicated anisotropic structure is observed beneath the southern Great Xing'an range and southwest Songliao basin. The observed large variations in splitting parameters and the seismic tomographic images of the area are consistent with ongoing lithospheric delamination beneath this region.

The wide-spread video editing tools make it much easier to tamper a video, which raises a huge need for authentication techniques that can prove the originality of video content and locate the tampered regions on the video sequences. In this paper, a multi-granularity geometrically robust video hashing method is proposed for tampering detection and localization. In order to balance the robustness and sensitiveness, we describe a video from three levels of granularity: frame sequence level, block level and pixel level, and then hashes are generated at these three levels. Polar Complex Exponential Transform (PCET) moments are calculated on the low-pass sub-band of 3D Discrete Wavelet Transform (3D–DWT) on frame sequence to extract geometric invariant spatio-temporal hash, which is used for video authentication. Local PCET moments are calculated on annular and angular blocks, which are used for geometric correction and coarse tampering localization. Position information of salient objects is obtained from saliency map for fine tampering localization. Experimental results show that the proposed method is robust against temporal de-synchronization and geometrical transformation, and has high tampering localization accuracy even when the video is rotated. Compared with state-of-the-art methods, it is more robust against content-preserving operations and more sensitive to malicious manipulations.

A series of Co x Mn3−x sulfides (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3) were prepared by a facile one-step solvent thermal route. The crystal structure, morphology, and electrochemical performance of Co–Mn sulfide can be tuned successfully by varying different Co/Mn ratios. As the Co/Mn ratio increases, the electrochemical performance is improved, which can be ascribed to the synergistic effect between Co ions and Mn ions. Co2.5Mn0.5 sulfide exhibits the highest specific capacity (289 C g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1), together with great rate capability (54.6% retention when current density increases from 1 to 50 A g−1) and excellent cycling stability (95.1% of initial value can be retained after 2000 cycles). Moreover, an asymmetric device using Co2.5Mn0.5 sulfide as positive electrode, and RGO nanosheets as negative electrode shows high energy density of 22.3 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 750 W kg−1, as well as excellent cycling performance with 85% retention after 5000 cycles.

Hollow NiSe−CoSe samples have been synthesized for the first time via a one-pot solvothermal approach. The strategy is robust enough to synthesize NiSe–CoSe nanoparticles with different NiSe to CoSe ratios but with a similar hollow structure. Co ions in the NiSe–CoSe nanoparticles play decisive role for formation of the hollow structure; otherwise, the nanoparticles become solid for the NiSe sample. When used as the positive electroactive materials for energy storage, the NiSe–CoSe samples show excellent electrochemical activity in alkaline electrolyte. Using the synergistic effect between NiSe and CoSe, the electrochemical performance of NiSe–CoSe can be tuned by varying the NiSe to CoSe ratios. The NiSe–CoSe sample with a NiSe to CoSe ratio of 4:2 shows the best electrochemical performance in terms of superior specific capacity, improved rate capability and excellent cycling stability. In addition, the electrochemical performance of NiSe–CoSe sample with a NiSe to CoSe ratio of 4:2 is also evaluated via assembling hybrid supercapacitors with RGO, and the hybrid supercapacitor delivers both high power and energy densities (41.8 Wh kg −1 at 750 W kg −1 and 20.3 Wh kg −1 at 30 kW kg −1 ).

Objective Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of death. This study evaluated the relationship between serum cystatin-c and coronary lesion severity in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with a normal glomerular filtration rate. Methods Nine hundred and fifty-nine patients were retrospectively included and divided into non-CAD and CAD groups according to coronary angiography results. CAD patients were classified into three groups by Gensini score tertiles. Multivariable logistic regression was used to study the relationship between serum cystatin-c and coronary lesion severity. Results Serum cystatin-c levels were significantly higher in CAD patients than in non-CAD patients. Correlation analysis revealed significant correlations between serum cystatin-c levels with the Gensini score and the number of diseased vessels. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of serum cystatin-c was 0.544 and 0.555 for predicting a high Gensini score and three-vessel disease, respectively. Multivariate stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that the serum cystatin-c level was an independent predictor of a high Gensini score [odds ratio (OR) = 2.177, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.140–3.930] and three-vessel disease (OR = 1.845, 95% CI 0.994–3.424) after adjusting for the conventional CAD risk factors. Conclusions Serum cystatin-c was elevated in CAD patients and may be an independent predictor of CAD severity.

In this study, a dual-shell hollow polyaniline/sulfur-core/polyaniline (hPANI/S/PANI) composite was prepared by successively depositing PANI, S, and PANI on the surface of a template silicon sphere. The electrochemical properties of this composite were evaluated using a lithium plate as an anode in lithium/sulfur cells. The hPANI/S/PANI composite showed a discharge capacity of 572.2 mAh g−1 after 214 cycles at 0.1 C, and the Coulombic efficiency was above 87% in the whole charge/discharge cycle. The improved cycle property of the hPANI/S/PANI composite can be ascribed to the fine sulfur particles homogeneously deposited on the PANI surface and sprawled inside the two PANI layers during the charge/discharge cycle. This behavior stabilized the nanostructure of sulfur and enhanced its conductivity.

Nickel cobalt (Ni–Co) sulfides with different stoichiometric Ni to Co ratios have been successfully synthesized based on a facile anion-exchange reaction of Ni x Co3–x (CO3)1.5(OH)3 precursors with S2−. All of the Ni–Co sulfides share similar sea urchin-like structures with numerous nanotubes extend outward from the center. The electrochemical performance of Ni–Co sulfides can be tuned owing to the synergistic effect between Ni and Co ions. The bimetallic Ni–Co sulfides show much higher specific capacity than monometallic Co sulfide. Especially, the Ni0.25Co0.75 sulfide shows superior electrochemical performance, which delivers the highest specific capacity of 676 C g−1 at 1 A g−1 combined with excellent cycling stability. Sea urchin-like Ni–Co sulfides with different stoichiometric Ni to Co ratios have been synthesized for charge storage, and the sulfides with Ni to Co ratio of 1:3 show superior electrochemical performance.