Search

Two coordination polymers, [Zn2(bipmo)2(1,4-nda)2] n (1), {[Cd(bipmo)(1,4-nda)]·(H2O)} n (2), (bipmo = bis(4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)methanone, H2(1,4-nda) = naphthalene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid), were synthesized under solvothermal conditions. The complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 possesses 3D 2-fold interpenetrating nets with the Schläfli symbol {65·8}. Complex 2 consists a 3D net with the Schläfli symbol {44·610·8}. The luminescent properties of complexes 1 and 2 have been investigated.

The plastic deformation mechanism of Ti-55531 alloy with bimodal microstructure was investigated by compression testing at room temperature. The bimodal microstructure was composed of equiaxed primary α phase (αp) and transformed β (βtrans) that consisted of acicular secondary α phase (αs) and residual β phase (βr). In the initial stage of deformation, the αp grains first underwent plastic deformation, the dislocations germinated and increased, forming the dislocation loop with the dislocation free zone in αp at the true stain of 0.083. With the true strain subsequently increasing to 0.105, the dislocation tangle and dislocation pile-up occurred in αp, and a lot of dislocations were also activated in most of αs. Moreover, the dislocation density was increasing gradually in βr with the adding of strain. Finally, the dislocation pile-up and dislocation tangle appeared in αs and βr at the true strain of 0.163. The whole deformation process was coordinated by αp, αs and βr. They accommodated mutually and completed deformation together.

The forming process of wire and arc additively manufacture (WAAM) was studied using the self-developed and designed WAAM system. The single-pass and single-layer weld bead samples were prepared with different process parameters, and the cross-sectional dimensions of the weld bead were measured. The influence rules of weld current, welding speed, wire feed speed and welding height on the weld bead size were obtained. In addition, the overlap experiment of the WAAM forming process was also carried out. The multiple and multilayer lap samples with different overlap rates were prepared, and the cross-sections of the lap samples were observed and analyzed. Finally, the overlap rate range of 35-45% with good forming effect was obtained.

An herbal prescription is usually composed of several herbal medicines. The complex and diverse components bring great challenges to its bioactivity study. To comprehensively analyze the bioactivity of an herbal prescription, a new strategy based on peak-by-peak cutting and knock-out chromatography was proposed. In this strategy, active compounds were screened out via peak-by-peak cutting from an herbal extract, and the influence of a compound on the overall activity of the herbal extract was evaluated by knock-out chromatography. Qiliqiangxin capsule is an herbal prescription composed of 11 herbal medicines for the treatment of chronic heart failure. A total of 71 peaks were collected through peak-by-peak cutting, and each peak was identified by a high-resolution mass spectrum. The bioassay against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl showed that two types of compounds namely salvianolic acids and caffeoylquinic acids were potent scavengers. Knock-out chromatography suggested that the removal of one single compound had no obvious influence on the overall activity of the Qiliqiangxin capsule. After all the main peaks in the Qiliqiangxin capsule were knocked out, the remaining part still exhibited a potent activity, indicating high activity stability of the Qiliqiangxin capsule. The proposed strategy is helpful for the comprehensive analysis of the bioactivity of other herbal prescriptions.

Two new sesquiterpene aryl esters, armimelleolides A and B (1 and 2), and four known ones, were isolated from the EtOAc extract of Armillaria gallica 012 m by column chromatography on silica gel, r...

Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) has attracted interest as one of the most economically important industrial crops widely cultivated in China, whose dried leaves are popularly consumed medicinally and recreationally by human societies. In this study, five undescribed alkaloids derivatives, isoaspergillines A-E, together with eight known alkaloids, notoamide D, (1R,4S)-4-benzyl-1-isopropyl-2,4-dihydro-1H-pyrazino-[2,1-b]quinazoline-3,6-dione, protuboxepin K, notoamide C, notoamide M, deoxybrevianamide E, cyclo (D-Pro-L-Trp), and versicolamide B, were obtained from the culture of the Nicotiana tabacum-derived fungus Aspergillus versicolor. Their structures were mainly elucidated through comprehensive analyses of spectroscopic data. Bioactivity evaluation of all isolated compounds revealed that isoaspergilline A and notoamide M exhibited anti-TMV activities with IC

Two new naphthalene derivatives, 5-methoxy-2-methyl-7-(3-methyl-2-oxobut-3-enyl)-1-naphthaldehyde (1) and 2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxy-7-(3-methyl-2-oxobut-3-enyl)-1-naphthaldehyde (2), together with two known naphthalene derivatives (3 and 4), were isolated from the fermentation products of an endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including extensive 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated for their anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (anti-MRSA) activity. The results showed that compounds 1 and 2 showed good inhibition with IZD of 14.5 ± 1.2 and 15.2 ± 1.3 mm, respectively.

Two new diphenyl ethers, 1-[2-methoxy-4-(3-methoxy-5-methylphenoxy)-6-methylphenyl]-ethanone (1) and 1-[4-(3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxyphenoxy)-2-methoxy-6-methylphenyl]-ethanone (2), together five known diphenyl ether derivatives (3–7), were isolated from the fermentation products of an endophytic fungus Phomopsis fukushii. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including extensive 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated for their anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (anti-MRSA) activity. Compounds 1 and 2 showed good inhibition with IZD of 13.8 ± 1.5 mm and 14.6 ± 1.6 mm, respectively.

TA24 titanium alloy pipe with 638mm diameter and 19mm wall thickness is carried out continuous load flatten test, and the stress of internal and external pipe wall during flatten process is studied in this paper. The results show that the TA24 titanium alloy tube has good flattening performance, and the flattening process has experienced original stage, flattened oblate stage, flattened straight wall stage, flattened depressed stage, flattened concave contact stage. During the flattening process, the outer layer of the upper and lower wall of the tube is subjected to compressive stress, and the inner layer material is subjected to tensile stress. The tensile and compressive forces cause the vertical part of the upper and lower walls to be concave. The outer layer of the left and right circular arc parts is subjected to tensile stress and the inner layer is subjected to tensile stress. The compressive stress also causes the radius of the arc to decrease due to the combined force of the tensile and compressive forces, that is, the flattening occurs. With the decrease of and pressing distance under continuous loading condition, the metal on the left and right sides of the pipe gathers toward the middle depression, which aggravates the deformation of the upper and lower walls until the upper and lower walls contact, and the arc radius of the left and right walls decreases until the outer surface cracks. The pipe microstructure changes significantly into elongated deformation structure during the flattening process. The most severe part of the deformation is the left and right end arc of the pipe, followed by the upper and lower end depression.

VR shorts for Victual Reality known as an emerging technology in computer science which we could simulates the real environment through virtualize and digitization and plays an important role in the field of satellite and aviation. The thesis which is intended for the study of the landscape architecture engineering course researches how to combine the practical teaching and VR(Virtual Reality) from the perspective of curriculum; analyses the application of VR technology in teaching fields and forms according to the course characteristics; and expounds the creating significance, creation process, main research contents and implementation steps of VR innovative training platform proceeding from its background and design thought. We strive for a new teaching approach to landscape architecture engineering and construction courses of our school and build a landscape architecture engineering virtual simulation first-class course to drive the modernization of higher education.

Two new isocoumarins, (3R)-methyl-8-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methoxydihydroisocoumarin (1) and (3R)-methyl-7,8-dimethoxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)dihydroisocoumarin (2), together with three known isocoumarins (3–5), were isolated from the fermentation products of an endophytic fungus Aspergillus versicolor. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including extensive 1D and 2D NMR techniques. The anti-tobacco mosaic virus (anti-TMV) activities of compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated. Compounds 1 and 2 showed anti-TMV activities with inhibition rates of 21.8 and 18.6% at the concentration of 20 μM, respectively.

Ethnopharmacological relevance Radix Angelica dahuricae ( RAD ), the roots of Angelica dahurica (Hoffm.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Franch. & Sav, is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and has been used for centuries to treat headaches, toothaches, nose congestion, abscesses, furunculoses, and acne. This herb is also one of frequently reported TCMs showing the herb-drug interaction potential. Furanocoumarins are main bioactive components of RAD . Aim of the study This study is designed to characterize the tissue distribution profiles of furanocoumarins after oral administration of RAD extract in rats and to explore the mechanism underlying the high hepatic exposure of the major furanocoumarins. Materials and methods The tissue distribution of nine furanocoumarins was determined in rats after an oral dose of 0.46 g/kg RAD extract using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Unbound fractions (ƒ u ) of major furanocoumarins, including imperatorin (IM), isoimperatorin (IIM), bergapten (BER) and oxypeucedanin hydrate (OXYH), were measured in rat plasma and selected tissue homogenates (liver, kidney, lung and brain) with Rapid Equilibrium Dialysis (RED) method. The temperature dependent hepatic uptake of IM, IIM, BER and OXYH were evaluated in suspended rat primary hepatocytes at 4 °C or 37 °C by the oil-spin method. The uptake kinetics was conducted in the cells over a wide concentration range. The furanocoumarins were co-incubated with a panel of transporter inhibitors to investigate the involvement of uptake transporters in the hepatic uptake. The transcellular transport characteristics of IM, IIM, BER and OXYH were further assessed using Caco-2 cell monolayer model. Results IM, IIM, BER and OXYH were found to be the major bioactive furanocoumarins in rat plasma and tissues, representing more than 90% exposure for all the detected furanocoumarins. The most concentrative organ of major furanocoumarins was the liver, with liver-to-plasma exposure ratio ( K p , AUC ) of 5.1, 6.5 and 4.7 for IM, IIM and BER, and 2.3 for OXYH, respectively. IM, IIM and BER also showed higher concentrations in the kidney with K p above 2.2. The higher protein binding of the furanocoumarins partially contributed to their higher tissue exposure. In suspended rat primary hepatocyte, the hepatic uptake of IM, IIM, BER and OXYH was temperature-dependent, with considerably higher uptake at 37 °C than at 4 °C. Uptake kinetics indicated that the hepatic uptake of IM, IIM, BER and OXYH involved both active transport and passive diffusion processes. For IM, IIM and BER, the contribution of the active transport was greater than the passive process, with the CL active /CL uptake > 72%. Ritonavir (RTN) and cyclosporine A (CsA), the known inhibitors of organic anion transporting polypeptide (Oatp) significantly inhibited the hepatic uptake of IM and BER, while the inhibitor of the organic anion transporters (Oat) probenecid (PBC) remarkably reduced IIM uptake. In the Caco-2 cell model, the furanocoumarins were highly permeable in the apical to basolateral direction without notable active efflux. Conclusion The furanocoumarins rapidly and widely distributed into various tissues after oral dose of the RAD extract. IM, IIM, BER and OXYH were the major components detected in both plasma and tissues. Liver was the most distributed tissue of the total and free furanocoumarins. Non-specific protein binding contributed partially to the higher tissue exposures of these bioactive components. The Oatp and Oat mediated active uptake played the primal role in the high hepatic exposure of the furanocoumarins.

Three new diphenyl ethers (1-3), together with four known isopentylated diphenyl ethers derivatives (4-7), were isolated from the fermentation products of an endophytic fungus Phomopsis fukushii. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including extensive 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Compounds 1-3 were evaluated for their anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (anti-MRSA) activity. The results revealed that compounds 1 and 2 showed strong inhibitions with inhibition zone diameters (IZD) of 20.2 ± 2.5 mm and 17.9 ± 2.2 mm, respectively. Compound 3 also showed good inhibition with IZD 15.2 ± 1.8 mm. The IZD data of compound 1 is close to that of positive control with IZD 21.9 ± 2.1 mm.

An endophytic Phomopsis fukushii was isolated from the rhizome of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis, Diaporthaceae family, and three new (1–3) and four known napthalene derivatives (4–7) were isolated from the fermentation products of this fungus. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques. Compounds 1–3 were evaluated for their anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (anti-MRSA) activity with vancomycin as positive control. The results showed that compounds 1–3 showed good inhibitions with MCI valves of 4, 4 and 6 mg/mL, respectively.

Three new arylbenzofurans, 7-methoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-5-(3-prenyl)-benzofuran (1), 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-5-(3-prenyl)-benzofuran-7-ol (2), 2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-5-(3-prenyl)benzofuran-7-ol (3), along with four known arylbenzofurans (4–7) were isolated from the fermentation products of an endophytic Phomopsis sp. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques. In addition, compounds 1–7 were tested for their anti-tobacco mosaic virus (anti-TMV) activity. The results showed that compound 3 exhibited obvious anti-TMV activity with inhibition rate of 35.2% better than that of positive control (31.8%). The other compounds also showed potential anti-TMV activity with inhibition rates in the range of 18.6–25.7%, respectively.

Two new prenylated isocoumarins, versicolols C and D (1 and 2), together with three known isocoumarins (3–5), were isolated from the fermentation products of the endophytic fungus Aspergillus versicolor. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including extensive 1D and 2D NMR techniques. The anti-tobacco mosaic virus (anti-TMV) activities of compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated. The results revealed that compounds 1 and 2 showed moderate anti-TMV activity with inhibition rates of 22.4 and 24.6%, respectively.

Armillaria species (Basidiomycota, Physalacriaceae) are well known as plant pathogens related to serious root rot disease on various trees in forests and plantations. Interestingly, some Armillaria species are essential symbionts of the rare Chinese medicinal herb Gastrodia elata, a rootless and leafless orchid used for over 2000 years. In this work, an 87.3-M draft genome of Armillaria gallica 012m strain, which was symbiotic with G. elata, was assembled. The genome includes approximately 23.6% repetitive sequences and encodes 26,261 predicted genes. In comparison with other four genomes of Armillaria, the following gene families related to pathogenicity/saprophytic phase, including cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, carbohydrate-active enzyme AA3, and hydrophobins, were significantly contracted in A. gallica 012m. These characteristics may be beneficial for G. elata to get less injuries. The genome-guided analysis of differential expression between rhizomorph (RH) and vegetative mycelium (VM) showed that a total of 2549 genes were differentially expressed, including 632 downregulated genes and 1917 upregulated genes. In the RH, most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to pathogenicity were significantly upregulated. To further elucidate gene function, Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed that the upregulated DEGs significantly grouped into monooxygenase activity, hydrolase activity, glucosidase activity, extracellular region, fungal cell wall, response to xenobiotic stimulus, response to toxic substance, etc. These phenomena indicate that RH had better infection ability than VM. The infection ability of RH may be beneficial for G. elata to obtain nutrition, because the rhizomorph constantly infected the nutritional stems of G. elata and formed the hyphae that can be digested by G. elata. These results clarified the characteristics of A. gallica 012m and the reason why the strain 012m can establish a symbiotic relationship with G. elata in some extent from the perspective of genomics. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s42770-020-00317-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Two new butyrolactones, versicolactones E–F (1 and 2), along with three known butyrolactones (3–5), were isolated from the fermentation products of the endophytic fungus Aspergillus versicolor. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including extensive 1D and 2D NMR techniques. The anti-tobacco mosaic virus (anti-TMV) activities of 1–5 were evaluated. Compounds 1–5 showed modest anti-TMV activities with inhibition rates of 14.6–18.8%.

Two new dihydroxanthones, muroxanthenones D and E (1 and 2), were isolated from the fermentation products of the endophytic fungus Gliomastix murorum. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including extensive 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Compounds 1 and 2 were tested for their anti-tobacco mosaic virus (anti-TMV) activity, and they exhibited activity with inhibition rates of 16.4 and 15.3%, respectively.

With the aim of searching for new bioactive metabolites from medicinal plants, three new biphenyls, tababiphenyls G–I (1–3), together with four known ones (4–7) were isolated from the leaves of Nicotiana tabacum. Their structures were elucidated by extensive NMR and MS spectroscopic analyses. All the isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against NB4, A549, SHSY5Y, PC3, and MCF7 human cancer cell lines, and some of them showed moderate inhibitory activities against several human tumor cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 2.8 to 9.4 μM.

To observe the abnormality of the electrocardiogram (ECG) and the characteristics of arrhythmia in the early stage of older pregnant women and to record the late outcome of atrial and ventricular arrhythmia.Two hundrend and ninty pregnant women were divided into 3 groups by age under 35 group, 35~39 group and 40~45 group. The ECG waveform was analyzed systematically when the patients were subjected to routine ECG examination and abnormal changes of ECG were collected and recorded, including ST segment changes, various arrhythmias, etc. Then the recovery and deterioration rate of atrial, ventricular arrhythmia was recorded.The incidence of arrhythmia in 35~39 group and 40~45 group was significantly higher than under 35 group (There is a positive correlation between the old age and the incidence of arrhythmia in the early stage of pregnancy, and old age factors can reduce the recovery rate but increase the incidence of deterioration of arrhythmia. And older pregnant women with abnormal ECG have undesirable effect to perinatal infant.

Fentanyl is a rapid-acting, short duration opioid analgesic agent. In recent years, increased prescription and illicit use of fentanyl drugs have led to major safety concerns and a growing death toll. However, the causes of fentanyl-induced fatal adverse effects have not been thoroughly researched. This study investigated P-glycoprotein (P-gp) modulated blood-brain barrier penetration of fentanyl and its resulting toxicity in vitro and in vivo. ATPase assays were performed together with bi-directional transport assays using Caco-2 cells in the presence and absence of tariquidar, a P-gp inhibitor, to confirm the P-gp substrate property of fentanyl. In vivo determinations of brain pharmacokinetic profile, duration of loss of righting reflex, and respiratory function were further conducted following intravenous administration of low and high doses of fentanyl with and without tariquidar in rats. Fentanyl significantly increased the ATPase activity of P-gp membrane. The efflux ratio of fentanyl on Caco-2 cells was >2, which was remarkably reduced when co-incubated with tariquidar. Using concomitant tariquidar with fentanyl (40 μg/kg) in rats, the unbound brain-to-plasma concentration ratio in rats increased 2.9- fold. The duration of loss of righting reflex was significantly extended, and fentanyl-induced respiratory depression was aggravated. At high fentanyl doses (80 µg/kg), inhibition of P-gp resulted in severe respiratory toxicity in the rats and even death. Collectively, these results gave strong evidence that P-gp plays a vital role in fentanyl blood-brain barrier penetration and the resulting toxicity. Fentanyl requires close monitoring in clinic when administered concomitantly with P-gp inhibitors.

Three new isocoumarins, terrecoumarins A-C (1-3), together with six known isocoumarins (4-9) were isolated from the fermentation products of the fungus Penicillium oxalicum 0403. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including extensive 1D and 2D NMR techniques. The anti-tobacco mosaic virus (anti-TMV) activities of 1-9 were evaluated. The results revealed that compound 1 showed high anti-TMV activity with inhibition rate 25.4 ± 3.5%. Other compounds also showed weak activity with inhibition rate in the range of 11.3-18.9%.

Two new xanthones, 4,5-dihydroxy-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-methoxy-8-methoxycarbonylxanthone (1) and 1,8-dihydroxy-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methoxyxanthone (2), and seven known xanthones (3–9) were isolated from the fermentation products of a Phomopsis species fungus. Compounds 1, 2, and 7 were tested for their cytotoxicity against five human tumor cell lines. Compound 1 showed cytotoxicity against A549 and PC3 cells with IC50 values of 2.6 and 2.4 μM, respectively. The other compounds also showed moderate cytotoxicity for some tested cell lines with IC50 values between 5.2–9.2 μM.

Using UV inkjet printing can achieve three-dimensional printing of ceramic materials, but there is low ink adhesion, easy to fall off and other issues, surface coated modification to high smoothness ceramic materials can solve the above problems [1]. In this study, the silane coupling agent, adhesive, resin and other raw materials prepared for transparent coating, which applied to the surface of the ceramics. The impact of process parameters and coating formulation on the UV print quality of the ceramic base was systematic analyzed, the result shows that the volume concentration of 10% KH550 silane coupling agent as primer, and using 20wt% 102 multipurpose plastic glue for surface coating, better ink adhesion and printing quality can be obtained.

Three new isopentylated diphenyl ethers, (1–3), together with two known isopentylated diphenyl ethers derivatives (4 and 5) were isolated from the fermentation products of an endophytic fungus Phomopsis fukushii. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including extensive 1D- and 2D NMR techniques. Compounds 1–3 were evaluated for their anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (anti-MRSA) activity. The results showed that compounds 1–3 showed strong activity with diameter of inhibition zone (IZD) of 21.8 ± 2.4 mm, 16.8 ± 2.2 mm, and 15.6 ± 2.0 mm, respectively.

Hyaluronic acid is an important polysaccharide of various physiological functions. Nowadays, it is produced mainly through microbial fermentation of Streptococcus zooepidemicus. HA production in more safe and efficient genetic modified GRAS strains is a hot research area. Bacillus subtilis, Lactococcus lactis, Streptococcus thermophiles, Agrobacterium sp. , and some Escherichia coli strains, which were GRAS strains, had been selected for genetic engineering to express hyaluronic acid. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of HA production by these genetic modified GRAS strains.

Organophosphorus pesticides are the most widely used pesticides in modern agricultural systems to ensure good harvests. Isocarbophos (ICP), with a potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effect is widely utilized to control a variety of leaf-eating and soil insects. However, the characteristics of the bioactivation and detoxification of ICP in humans remain unclear. In this study, the oxidative metabolism, esterase hydrolysis, and chiral inversion of ICP in human liver microsomes (HLMs) were investigated with the aid of a stereoselective LC/MS/MS method. The depletion of ICP in HLMs was faster in the absence of carboxylesterase inhibitor (BNPP) than in the presence of NADPH and BNPP, with t1/2 of 5.2 and 90 min, respectively. Carboxylesterase was found to be responsible for the hydrolysis of ICP, the major metabolic pathway. CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 were all involved in the secondary metabolism pathway of desulfuration of ICP. Flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) did not contribute to the clearance of ICP. The hydrolysis and desulfuration of (±)ICP, (+)ICP, and (-)ICP in HLMs follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Individual enantiomers of ICP and its oxidative desulfuration metabolite isocarbophos oxon (ICPO) were found to be inhibitors of acetylcholinesterases at different extents. For example, (±)ICPO is more potent than ICP (IC50 0.031μM vs. 192μM), whereas (+)ICPO is more potent than (-)ICPO (IC50 0.017μM vs. 1.55μM). Given the finding of rapid hydrolysis of ICP and low abundance of oxidative metabolites presence in human liver, the current study highlights that human liver has a greater capacity for detoxification of ICP.

The forming theory of elbow made by expanding diameter and pushing bend is introduced in this paper. The tube blank of elbow takes place combined deformation with compression deformation in the axial direction and in the circumferential direction. The compression deformation in the axial direction makes tube bending deformation under the restricted condition of ram-shape die, then the belly metal of elbow thicken after compression deformation, while the back metal of elbow don’t take part in deformation. The eccentric expanding diameter in the circumference direction ensures the thickened wall thickness flowing favorably from elbow belly to elbow back and supplying the reduced wall thickness of back elbow. Comparatively, the compression deformation and expanding diameter deformation of short radius elbow is larger than that of long radius elbow. According to metal flowing law, proper ram-shape die design and pushing rate, increasing heating temperature, improving temperature field distribution and lubrication condition can assure uniformity wall thickness.

The effects of solid solution temperature on the structures and properties of TC16 titanium alloy bars that made solid solution treatment in 780°C, 800°C, 850°C, 900°C, respectively, the processing time for 30min, then cooled in the air were studied. The results show that during solid solution treatment under 800°C, the alloy structures are the primary ɑ phase and the metastable β phase, while solid solution temperature rise to 800°C, the alloy structures begin to appear ɑ" martensite phase. With the increase of solid solution temperature, the alloy grain grow up somewhat, material tensile strength increases gradually, yield strength firstly decreases and then increases, elongation at break firstly increases and then decreases, percentage reduction of area at break decreases gradually. Solid solution state of TC16 titanium alloy bars are not suitable for cold heading forming, strengthening the titanium alloy must be subsequent artificial aging treatment.

Ferulic acid (FA) is an active component of herbal medicines. One of the best documented activities of FA is its antioxidant property. Moreover, FA exerts antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective effects. However, the metabolic pathways of FA in humans remain unclear. To identify whether human CYP or UGT enzymes are involved in the metabolism of FA, reaction phenotyping of FA was conducted using major CYP-selective chemical inhibitors together with individual CYP and UGT Supersomes. The CYP- and/or UGT-mediated metabolism kinetics were examined simultaneously or individually. Relative activity factor and total normalized rate approaches were used to assess the relative contributions of each major human CYPs towards the FA metabolism. Incubations of FA with human liver microsomes (HLM) displayed NADPH- and UDPGA-dependent metabolism with multiple CYP and UGT isoforms involved. CYPs and UGTs contributed equally to the metabolism of FA in HLM. Although CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 appeared to be the major contributors in the CYP-mediated clearance, their contributions to the overall clearance are still minor (< 25%). As a constitute of many food and herbs, FA poses low drug-drug interaction risk when co-administrated with other herbs or conventional medicines because multiple phase I and phase II enzymes are involved in its metabolism.

Oxidative stress and diabetes have a tendency to alter protein, lipid, and DNA moieties. One of the strategic methods used to reduce diabetes-associated oxidative stress is to inhibit the carbohydrate-digesting enzymes, thereby decreasing gastrointestinal glucose production. Plant-derived natural antioxidant molecules are considered a therapeutic tool in the treatment of oxidative stress and diabetes. The objective of this study was to identify tartary buckwheat rice flavonoids and evaluate the effect of in vitro digestion on their antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis indicated the presence of rutin as a major component and quercitrin as a minor component of both digested and non-digested flavonoids. Both extracts showed a significant antioxidant capacity, but digested flavonoids showed reduced activity compared to non-digested. There were some decreases of the antioxidant activities (2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy (DPPH) radical, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)) of digested tartary buckwheat rice flavonoids compared with non-digested. Flavonoids from both groups significantly inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and α-glucosidase activity. Both digested and non-digested flavonoids markedly increased glucose consumption and glycogen content in HepG2 cells. Tartary buckwheat rice flavonoids showed appreciable antioxidant and antidiabetic properties, even after digestion. Tartary buckwheat rice appears to be a promising functional food with potent antioxidant and antidiabetic properties.

Support vector machine (SVM) is a statistical learning theory based on a structural risk minimization principle that minimizes both error and weight terms. A SVM model is presented to predict compressive strength of concrete at 28 days in this paper. A total of 20 data sets were used to train, whereas the remaining 10 data sets were used to test the created model. Radial basis function based on support vector machines was used to model the compressive strength and results were compared with a generalized regression neural network approach. The results of this study showed that the SVM approach has the potential to be a practical tool for predicting compressive strength of concrete at 28 days.

Side chain cleavage of progesterone occurred in the biotransformation by Aspergillus versicolor. The conversion products were purified by column chromatography with ether/EtOAc and characterized by spectroscopic methods including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, UV, MS and physical constants such as melting point and optical rotation. Those conversion products were identified as testosterone, androstenedione and androstenediendione.

Microbial hydroxylation of progesterone occurred in the biotransformation by Phomopsis sp.. The conversion products were purified by column chromatography with ether/EtOAc and characterized by spectroscopic methods including 1HNMR, 13C NMR, IR, UV and MS. Those conversion products were identified as 11α-hydroxyprogesterone (2), 11α,15β-dihydroxy progesterone (3),11α-dihydroxypreg-1,4-dien-3,20-dione (4), 6β,15βdihydroxypregesterone (5) and 7β,15βdihydroxypregesterone (6).

The antioxidant activity of Polyrhachis vicina wine extract was investigated: The IC50 of scavenging effect on superoxide radical generated by Pyrogallol autoxidation was 0.37 mg/mL; the maximum scavenging rate was 81.4%. The IC50 of scavenging effect on hydroxyl free radical generated by Fenton reaction was 0.66 mg/mL; the maximum scavenging rate was 91.8%. The IC50 of DPPH· scavenging effect was 0.48 mg/mL; the maximum scavenging rate was 91.4%. The results indicated that Polyrhachis vicina wine extract showed activity both in scavenging free radicals and antioxidation.

Paecilomyces victoriae was selected to transform androstenedione (AD). Two products were obtained and identified as 7α-Hydroxyandrostenedione, 7α-Hydroxy-17α-methyltestosterone, respectively, by MS and NMR.

The paper presents a method of researching the impact of urban development on air quality on the basis of artificial neural network (ANN). Statistical data in a monitoring period constitute a sample which contains monitoring values of environmental impact factors and air pollution indicators. Several samples are employed to train the ANN, and the mapping relationship between environmental impact factors and air pollution indicators is established through the trained ANN. The impact degree of each environmental impact factor on each air pollution indicator can be obtained by using the connection weights of the trained ANN. The case study illustrates the feasibility of the method mentioned in the paper which explores a new idea to the study of environmental impact of urban development.

The key point of the existing Ethernet test and measurement is that the method needs to achieve precision clock synchronization between different terminals. In this paper, an improved method was proposed with consideration of the time drift and propagation delay, expressing master-slave synchronization as a linear relationship and inducting the line of least squares fitting algorithm that traded as linear matrix form. The precision time protocol (PTP) was also analyzed in this paper. The experiment results show that the synchronization accuracy reaches sub-microsecond grade, which is the same as the PTP.

In order to find out Bang river of hydrogeological conditions in Liandi beach, Evaluation of groundwater resources, Put forward the scientific and reasonable layout of new Wells. This paper will be for the finite volume method is applied to the underground water resources evaluation and numerical simulation research of Yellow River xiaolangdi key water control project in Bang river zone . As the Bang river groundwater flow problems put forward a kind of high precision and simple new method. The study on speeding up the construction progress and safeguard the social stability has the important practical significance. The calculation results show that the finite volume method advantages of flexible meshing, geometric error is small, easy to deal with natural boundary conditions, to maintain the quality and higher accuracy. The calculation and evaluation of groundwater resources has important application value.

Icotinib (ICO), a novel small molecule and a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was developed and approved recently in China for non-small cell lung cancer. During screening for CYP inhibition potential in human liver microsomes (HLM), heterotropic activation toward CYP3A5 was revealed. Activation by icotinib was observed with CYP3A-mediated midazolam hydroxylase activity in HLM (∼40% over the baseline) or recombinant human CYP3A5 (rhCYP3A5) (∼70% over the baseline), but not in the other major CYPs including rhCYP3A4. When co-incubated with selective CYP3A4 inhibitor CYP3cide or monoclonal human CYP3A4 inhibitory antibody in HLM, the activation was extended to ∼60%, suggesting CYP3A5 might be the isozyme involved. Further, the relative activation was enhanced to ∼270% in rhCYP3A5 in the presence of ketoconazole. The activation was substrate and pathway dependent and observed only in the formation of 1'-OH-midazolam, and not 4-OH-midazolam, 6β-OH-testosterone, or oxidized nifedipine. The activation requires the presence of cytochrome b5 and it is only observed in the liver microsomes of dogs, monkeys, and humans, but not in rats and mice. Kinetic analyses of 1'-OH-midazolam formation showed that ICO increased the Vmax values in HLM and rhCYP3A5 with no significant changes in Km values. By adding CYP3cide with ICO to the incubation, the Vmax values increased 2-fold over the CYP3cide control. Addition of ketoconazole with ICO alone or ICO plus CYP3cide resulted in an increase in Vmax values and decrease in Km values compared to their controls. This phenomenon may be attributed to a new mechanism of CYP3A5 heterotropic activation, which warrants further investigation.