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Inonotus hispidus is a well-known medicinal fungus and has been used in the treatment of cancer in China, but the material basis and potential mechanisms are still limited. The present study aimed to use in vitro experiments, UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and network pharmacology to predict active compounds and possible mechanisms of cultivated and wild I. hispidus. The cytotoxicity results in vitro showed that the extracts of cultivated and wild fruit bodies exhibited the highest inhibitory effects against MDA-MB-231 cells, and the 50% inhibition concentration, (IC50) values were 59.82 and 92.09 μg/mL, respectively. Of the two extracts, a total of 30 possible chemical components, including 21 polyphenols and nine fatty acids, were identified. Network pharmacology showed that five active polyphenols (osmundacetone, isohispidin, inotilone, hispolon, and inonotusin A) and 11 potential targets (HSP90AA1, AKT1, STAT3, EGFR, ESR1, PIK3CA, HIF1A, ERBB2, TERT, EP300 and HSP90AB1) were found to be closely associated with antitumor activity. Furthermore, 18 antitumor-related pathways were identified using the compound-target-pathway network. The molecular docking revealed that the active polyphenols had a good binding ability to the core targets, and the results were consistent with those of network pharmacology. Based on these findings, we speculate that I. hispidus can exert its antitumor activity through multicomponent, multitarget, and multichannel mechanisms of action.

The “riser group—fluid between risers” is taken as the carrier, and the experiment on vortex-induced vibration of tandem riser groups coupling interference effect under sensitive spacing is performed. The least-square method is used to linearly fit the reduced velocity and main frequency, and the rule of Strouhal numbers is analyzed. Each mode is separated based on the mode decomposition theory, and the mode conversion mechanism is also explored. The concept of “interference efficiency” is introduced to study the dynamic characteristics and response evolutions of different riser groups. The results show that the wake shielding effect widely exists in tandem riser groups, and the interference effect of midstream and downstream risers on their upstream risers is significantly lower than that of upstream risers on midstream and downstream risers. The trajectories of midstream and downstream risers lag behind their upstream risers due to multiple shadowing effects, the vibration frequency range of downstream riser is widened and the dominant frequency is extremely unstable. Compared with the isolated riser, wake interference suppresses the vibration displacement of the midstream and downstream risers in the in-line direction, and enhances the displacement of upstream and midstream risers in the cross-flow direction. The interference effect of the fluid between risers at low velocities is stronger than that at higher velocities, and the cross-flow displacements of upstream risers are always in the interference enhancement region. It is urgent to pay attention to the cross-flow displacement of upstream and midstream risers in tandem riser groups considering the safety design.

Background China is one of the countries sharing the major burden of tuberculosis (TB) in the world. Health care workers (HCWs) are subject to a high risk of occupational latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI)-an asymptomatic state of TB disease. However, the heterogenic composition of healthcare professionals in terms of nature of their work leads to the inconsistency in predicting the prevalence of LTBI amongst them. Furthermore, the global statistics do not account for the analysis conducted within the Chinese population. Our study reflects a systemic and epidemiological meta-analysis to investigate the risk of contracting LTBI by the HCWs of China. Methods A systematic review of the literature was performed to identify studies reporting LTBI prevalence or incidence among HCWs and a control groups in China. Risk of infection, as well as subgroup analysis was calculated by pooled effect estimates. Review Manager 5.0 was used to perform the meta-analyses. Results Twenty studies containing 9,654 HCWs met the inclusion criteria. The average prevalence of LTBI among HCWs was 51.5%, ranging from 27.9-88.8%. HCWs had a higher risk of prevalence of LTBI than the control groups [odds ratio (OR), 1.78, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.46-2.16]. In the subgroup analysis, the prevalence of LTBI in HCWs with respect to the control groups was observed to be highest in Eastern China (OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.35-3.11). Furthermore, the pooled OR for LTBI was 1.90 and 1.65 separately from the results of the tuberculin skin test (TST) and the interferon-gamma release assay. Lastly, upon comparing the HCWs with the control groups from the community and the nosocomial source, it was observed that the pooled OR favored for the prevalence of LTBI, which was primarily community-sourced (3.12 and 1.54). HCWs had an increased risk of prevalence of LTBI than the control groups, both in general hospitals and TB specific hospitals (pooled OR 2.4 and 1.57). Conclusions Risk of LTBI infection among HCWs is relatively high in China, especially in the eastern region, predisposed by the cumulative exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the community and the general hospitals. Overall, our data reflects an alarming risk posed to our HCWs, and calls for immediate reforms at the policy levels, so as to implement effective screening and treatment of affected HCWs in China.

Background Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardio-cerebrovascular disease. Songling Xuemaikang capsules (SXC), a formulation of Chinese herbal patent medicine, has been used as a complementary medicine with conventional western medicine to treat patients with hypertension since 1994 in mainland China. However, the efficacy of treatment with SXC alone against hypertension remains unclear. Methods/design This is a multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, randomized controlled clinical trial. A total of 570 patients with low-to-medium risk hypertension are randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive SXC or placebo three times daily for eight weeks. The primary outcomes are 24-h average systolic blood pressure and average diastolic blood pressure. The secondary outcomes are daytime average blood pressure, night-time average blood pressure, fluctuation of blood pressure, hypertension control rate, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome scores, and quality-of-life scores. Discussion This is the first multicenter trial conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TCM in patients with low-to-medium risk hypertension. Our study will provide evidence-based results of a complementary preventive measure for hypertension. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-IPR-17011383. Registered on 12 May 2017. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-019-3308-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Purpose: This study aims to compare the effects and prognosis of medical thoracoscopy-assisted argon plasma coagulation (APC) combined with electrosurgical unit (ESU) surgery, video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS), and pleurodesis surgery, in providing appropriate treatment for elderly refractory pneumothorax patients. Methods: Patients with refractory pneumothorax aged over 65 years were divided into three groups: APC combined with ESU (N = 20), VATS (N = 26), and pleurodesis (N = 24). Data on demographic characteristics, lung function evaluation, and short- and long-term prognoses were collected. Results: Following surgery, compared with the APC-ESU and pleurodesis groups, patients in the VATS group demonstrated poor short-term prognoses, with high pleural effusion drainage levels and high visual analog scores (VAS; P

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare but fatal clinical syndrome frequently complicated by acute kidney injury (AKI) and acute tubular necrosis. Renal thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a specific pathological feature of childhood HLH and few cases have been reported among infants. The present study presents a rare case of HLH with TMA in an infant. A 15-month-old infant with a week-long history of fever was admitted to hospital. The infant presented with AKI and subsequently a reduction in platelet and hemoglobin levels. TMA was diagnosed by kidney biopsy and the clinical, laboratory and bone marrow biopsy findings met the criteria of HLH. Due to a progressive increase in serum creatinine levels, hemodialysis was initiated on the second day following admission. Dexamethasone was administered to treat both the fever and HLH. The patient's body temperature returned to a normal range and platelet and hemoglobin levels were stable after 14 days of admission. Renal function stabilized on day 21. The results of genetic testing did not identify any disease-related variations. Childhood HLH is a severe condition and mortality can be reduced by early diagnosis and correct treatment. For patients with HLH and AKI, the possible role of TMA should be considered. Renal biopsy can help to identify the cause of AKI and can be performed when the patient's condition is stable.

Based on the latest monthly data of moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS)/Terra C6.1 aerosol optical depth (AOD), the temporal-spatial distribution and variability trend in AOD over China during 2001-2017 are analyzed to explore the distribution and variation characteristics of AOD in China. Regarding the spatial characteristics, the first prominent high-value center of the annual mean AOD was located in the industrially and economically developed areas of the North China Plain, Central China, the Yangtze River Delta region, the Pearl River Delta region, and the Sichuan Basin. The second prominent high-value center of the annual mean AOD was located in the dust aerosol-dominated areas of Taklimakan Desert. Two low-value centers of the annual mean AOD were located in the eastern part of Inner Mongolia to the north of Northeast China and the Tibet Plateau. Regarding the temporal characteristics, the AOD value peaked in eight areas in spring and summer. The annual mean AOD values in the Taklimakan Desert, Sichuan Basin, and Pearl River Delta peaked from March to May, and those in the North China Plain, Central China, and Yangtze River Delta peaked from May to July. The trend characteristics showed that during 2001-2006, the AOD in Northwest China and Inner Mongolia showed a downtrend, and that in the east-central China and the eastern part of southwest China showed a growth trend. During 2007-2012, the trend of AOD in the Tibetan Plateau and the Taklimakan Desert changed from decreasing to increasing. The growth trend of AOD in the North China Plain and the Sichuan Basin was weakened, and the AOD in the Yangtze River Delta showed a weak downward trend. During 2013-2017, the AOD in most areas of China showed a significant downward trend.

In acute pancreatitis, histones are released by infiltrating neutrophils, but how histones modulate pancreatic acinar cell function has not been investigated. We have examined histone modulation of rat pancreatic acini and pancreatic acinar tumor cell AR4-2J by calcium imaging. Histones were found to have no effect on calcium in pancreatic acini but blocked calcium oscillations induced by cholecystokinin or acetylcholine. Both mixed (Hx) and individual (H1, H2A, H2B, H3, H4) histones induced calcium oscillations in AR4-2J. RT-PCR and Western blot verified the expression of histone-targeted Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, 4 and 9. Immunocytochemistry identified TLR2/TLR4 on apical plasma membrane and TLR9 in zymogen granule regions in pancreatic acini. TLR2 was found on neighboring and TLR9 on peripheral plasma membranes, but TLR4 was in the nucleus in AR4-2J clusters. Neither TLR2 agonist zymosan-A nor TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide had any effect on calcium, but TLR9 agonist ODN1826 induced calcium oscillations, TLR9 antagonist ODN2088 blocked H4-induced calcium oscillations in AR4-2J, which also disappeared after treatment of AR4-2J with glucocorticoid dexamethasone, with concurrent TLR9 migration from plasma membrane to cell interiors. TLR9 down regulation with siRNA suppressed H4-induced calcium oscillations. These data together suggest that extracellular histones activate plasma membrane TLR9 to trigger calcium oscillations in AR4-2J cells.

Multiferroic 0.7BiFeO 3 –0.3PbTiO 3 (BFO–PT) thin films have been prepared by a sol–gel method on Pt/Ti/SiO 2 /Si substrates. A strong dielectric dispersion was observed above 10 kHz and a relatively low dielectric loss was found at low frequencies. The BFO–PT thin films exhibit both ferroelectricity and (week) ferromagnetism with P r = 13.7 μC/cm 2 and M S = 3200 A/m at room temperature, confirming the multiferroic properties. The local polar domain structure and ferroelectric switching of the thin films were investigated by piezoresponse force microscopy.

Bending loss of polymer optical fibers (POFs) shows unexpected oscillatory behaviors due to the interference between whispering gallery mode and core mode for the cases of small bending radius and large bending angle. We have found a novel method of suppressing the oscillatory behavior of bending loss of POFs. By partially removing the cladding and core, the bending loss monotonicity with improved linearity was obtained for POFs with small bending radius in a large range of bending angles for the first time. This method is useful in the application of extreme large strain (e.g., ≥60%) sensors of POF.

Taking a six-story glass bead thermal insulation concrete frame structure building in Kangding, Sichuan as model, to design filler wall composing of fly ash autoclaved aerated concrete block. Utilizing energy dissipation theory analyzes the building energy consumption. Conclusion: The glass bead thermal insulation concrete frame structure of fly ash autoclaved aerated concrete block filler wall meets the requirement of Sichuan residential building energy-saving code.

This study aimed to identify any association between the p73 gene G4C14-to-A4T14 polymorphism and risk of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the south of China.We genotyped the p73 gene polymorphism of peripheral blood DNA from 168 patients with NSCLC and 195 normal controls using HRM (high resolution melting) and PCR-CTPP (polymerase chain reaction with confronting two-pair primers).The results of genotyping by HRM and PCR-CTPP were consistent with direct sequencing, the p73 genotype distribution in 168 lung cancer patients being as follows: GC/GC 101 cases (60.1%), GC/ AT 59 cases (35.1%), AT/AT 8 cases (4.8%). The carriers of AT/AT genotype had a significantly reduced risk of NSCLC (OR=0.370; 95%CI: 0.170-0.806; p=0.010) as compared with non-carriers. However, we found no relations between p73 genotypes and histological type (p=0.798, x2=0.452), tumor stage (p=0.806, x2=0.806), or lymph node metastasis (p=0.578, x2=1.098).Our findings suggest that the p73 G4C14-to-A4T14 polymorphism may be a modifier of NSCLC susceptibility in the Chinese population.

Distance measurement technology of binocular stereo vision has the advantages of wide-range detection, simplicity and reliability. The method is widely applied to robot obstacle avoidance and path planning. Binocular stereo vision can only measure the distance of images feature points generally. However, more information about distance of non-feature points is also needed to acquire in practical applications. This paper proposes a stereo distance measurement method, which can measure distance of points whether it is a feature point or not based on a dense matching method. A dense parallax map is obtained by the graph-cuts algorithm. On the basis of the calibration parameters of binocular camera and the left and right image dense parallax map, the three-dimensional coordinates of the any points and their distance will be gotten. The true image experiment has proved the feasibility of this algorithm with high accuracy and maneuverability.

The paper analyzed the current situation of the management of engineering cost information,. After considering the problems in information managements, from the perfecting of cost information collection channels, the instituting of the unified and standard systems of cost information classify codes, the strengthening of macro-managements of administrations and the instituting and maintaining of engineering cost information network, it gave solutions to complete the development of engineering cost information system.

This paper analyzed the compound thermal isolation building blocks based on sintering shale hollow bricks. This work has redesigned the shape of building block, besides, optimized the holes in it and filled the thermal insulation materials in holes, thus the new compound sintering hollow bricks have a good thermal performance and mechanical performance. After the analyzing of the filling devices, the amount and value of productions have both improved.

Real estate investment analysis is a very complex process of systematic analysis because there are many factors linking with each other closely. Therefore, the process of selecting analysis factors should insist on principles, such as comprehensiveness, diversity and timeliness. In order to minimize the risk of real estate investment, using the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, catching the main issue, and figuring out the primary contradiction should be the main concern.

Dispersion corrected density functional theory (DFT-D2) were employed to investigate the distribution of Al in the framework of H-[Al]MOR and the strengths of Bronsted acid sites by NH3 adsorption. Thermodynamically, the most favorable site for distribution of Al is T2O5, followed by T4O2, T1O7 and T3O1, which are a little higher in energy when Al is incorporated. It was found that the energy differences for Al in different T sites are 0.03–0.07 eV, indicating that the Al atoms might distribute in all kinds of four non-equivalent crystallographic tetrahedral sites of MOR. Moreover, it is also suggested that the location of protons plays an important role in the stability of the Al substitution site. In addition, we also computed the adsorption energies for NH3 adsorbed at each crystallographic position of H-[Al]MOR by DFT and DFT-D2, respectively. By comparison, the DFT method always underestimates the substitution energy by 0.41 eV for the adsorption of NH3, indicating that the dispersion correction is necessary to calculate the adsorption of NH3 in H-MOR. The results show that the Bronsted acid site at T2O5 is stronger than the other acid sites, and the adsorption of NH3 on the Lewis acid sites is clearly weaker than on the Bronsted acid sites.

China is the biggest country in producing and using of bamboo and wood products for food in the world. The quality status of the bamboo and wood products for food concerns the safety of everybody. Samples were taken for safety indexes testing from the provinces of the main production, and marketing of the bamboo and wood products for food at home. A preliminary conclusion of quality and safety status of the bamboo and wood products for food was drawn via the analysis for testing results, and some foundation work has been done for the quality control of the bamboo and wood products for food.

In order to find out its active behavior, the extractives of wheat straw biomass were adsorbed and determined by Py-GC-MS. And the main constituents were eicosane, stigmasterol, 22,23-dihydro-, .gamma.-sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, nonacosane, stigmast-4-en-3-one, lup-20(29)-en-3-one, 13-tetradecen-1-ol acetate, 1,3-butadiene, 2- methyl-, 9-octadecenoic acid, (e)-, acetic acid, stigmast-5-en-3-ol, oleate, 1-nonadecene, heptacosane, 4,22-stigmastadiene-3-one, 4-((1e)-3-hydroxy-1-propenyl)-2- methoxyphenol, 1-heptene, 2-isohexyl-6-methyl-, etc.

The vortex-induced vibration of a single and a pair of equal-sized circular cylinder separated by 5.5D in tandem arrangement is investigated. The computations are carried out for various values of reduced velocity of the oscillator (Ur=1.85~9.7). The results of numerical simulation for a single cylinder by the present method are observed close to the data of experiment. And then, the dynamic response and force coeeficient of two cylinders can be achived by the same method. The results show that the upstream cylinder responds qualitatively similarly to a single cylinder. While the downstream cylinder shows a different behavior. All kinds of cylinders undergo a figure of 8 motion.

An experimental research on interference of two risers with suppression device was conducted. The arrangement of the two risers is side-by-side, one is bare and another is a riser with triple strakes. Centre-to-centre distances from 3 to 10 diameters of the risers were studied. The riser model was a 18mm diameter organic glass with wall thickness of 2 mm. The current velocity ranges from 0.3 to 0.8 m/s, with approximate increments of 0.1 m/s. Dynamic strain records were obtained through the dynamic strain gauges which were sticked on the surface of the risers. The experimental data were contrastive studied by dynamic response, amplitude and frequency, respectively. The experimental results indicate that interference have little effect on the oscillatory characteristic of the riser with triple strakes while have important effect on the oscillatory characteristic of the bare riser with different distances.

As one of the main configurations of the riser, top tensioned riser(TTR) encounters harsh environment in its whole service life. In order to ensure that the riser will fulfil its intended functions, a fatigue assessment should be carried out for each representative riser, which is subjected to dynamic fatigue loading. The fatigue life of TTR under the combination excitation of random waves, current and vessel motion is analyzed in this paper. The long-term stress histories of the riser are calculated and the mean stresses, the number of stress cycles and amplitudes are determined by rain flow counting method. The Palmgren-Miner rule for cumulative damage theory with a specified S–N curve is used to estimate the fatigue life of the riser. The corresponding numerical programs which can be used to calculate the response and fatigue life of the riser are compiled. The significant influences of internal flow velocities and low frequency motion of the vessel are analyzed in detail.

Background: Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy is a common complication of hypertension, and is recognized as an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Up to now, no study has been made on the effects of telmisartan on Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Objective: Investigate the effects of telmisartan on angiotensin II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK1/2) in rat-cultured cardiomyocytes. Methods: Rat myocardial cells were cultured. Beating rates of the cardiomyocytes, cell volumes, total protein contents, protein synthesis rates, and ERK activity were measured. The phosphorylation of p-ERK1/2 was analyzed by Western blot. Results: Treatment of cultured cardiomyocytes with telmisartan inhibited angiotensin II-induced increases in cell volume, beating rate, total protein content and protein synthesis rate. Telmisartan markedly inhibited p-ERK1/2 phosphorylation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Conclusion: Telmisartan could suppress cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by angiotensin II. The mechanism might be related to the inhibition of p-ERK1/2 phosphorylation.

In this study, the investigation of the three-dimensional nonlinear dynamics of a fluid-conveying pipe undergoing overall motions is carried out. Considering the effect of the internal and external fluids, and using a non-Cartesian variable along with two Cartesian variables to describe the elastic deformation, the nonlinear differential equations are derived based on Kane’s equation in combination with the Ritz method. An alternative approach to the existing methods utilizing Newtonian balance equations or Hamilton’s principle is thus provided. The equations of motion are linearized in the neighborhood of the equilibrium position to implement the multimode linear stability analysis. In addition, the time histories for the displacements are obtained with the help of the Incremental Harmonic Balance (IHB) method. The validity of the new modelling is substantiated by comparing the model and results with those proposed by Paidoussis (1998).

The exact solution of time-evolution operator is obtained by applying the gauge transformation of algebra dynamics. Such an operator describes the time-evolution of the quantum state for two inductance coupled mesoscopic LC circuits. The zero-state responses of the charge and current to the input voltage signal are calculated. The results show that the system of inductance coupled mesoscopic LC circuits is linear and time-invariant. The zero-state responses of the charge and current are consistent with those of the corresponding macroscopic circuit.

Ceramics of (1-x)BaTiO 3 −xBiScO 3 solid solution with compositions x = 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.10 were synthesized in pure perovskite phase by a solid state reaction. The dielectric and ferroelectric properties were investigated. The temperature dependence of the dielectric permittivity shows that the ferroelectric T C increases with the increasing amount of BiScO 3 substitution, which was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). While three dielectric anomalies associated with the three structural phase transitions were clearly observed in pure BaTiO 3 , the two anomalies at lower temperatures were impaired by the substitutions of BiScO 3 for BaTiO 3 . The DSC measurements reveal that the two peaks associated with the lower temperature phase transitions disappear after the BiScO 3 substitution. These results demonstrate the significant effects of BiScO 3 on the structural phase transitions and dielectric and ferroelectric properties of the (1-x)BaTiO 3 −xBiScO 3 solid solution.

Single crystals of the multiferroic (1 − x)BiFeO3–xPbTiO3 (BF–PT) solid solution with a nominal morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) composition were grown from flux. Structural characterization by x-ray diffraction shows the simultaneous existence of a tetragonal, an orthorhombic, and a rhombohedral perovskite phase in the crystals. A high ferroelectric Curie point of 660 °C was found in the BF–PT crystals by dielectric measurements. The variation of the magnetic moment as a function of temperature of the BF–PT crystals measured under zero field cooling mode reveals three anomalies with the highest one around 440 K, corresponding to the antiferromagnetic ordering temperatures of the rhombohedral, orthorhombic, and tetragonal phases, respectively. These results demonstrate the intrinsic relations between the MPB phase components and the macroscopic ferroic properties.

SrTiO3 thin films have been prepared on Si substrate using a sol-gel method. Impedance spectroscopy has been performed to characterize the Au/SrTiO3/Si/Ag structure under a constant bias voltage (accumulation state). The contributions, from the SrTiO3 grains and the grain boundaries and the interface, to the dielectric properties of the metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) structure have been separated out and discussed.

A naphtha catalytic reforming unit with four reactors in series is analyzed. A physical model is proposed to describe the catalytic reforming radial flow reactor. Kinetics and thermodynamics equations are selected to describe the naphtha catalytic reforming reactions characteristics based on idealizing the complex naphtha mixture by representing the paraffin, naphthene, and aromatic groups by single compounds. The simulation results based above models agree very well with actual operation unit data.

More than 200 Chinese medicinal herb extracts were screened for antiviral activities against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium inner salt (MTS) assay for virus-induced cytopathic effect (CPE). Four of these extracts showed moderate to potent antiviral activities against SARS-CoV with 50% effective concentration (EC50) ranging from 2.4 +/- 0.2 to 88.2 +/- 7.7 microg/ml. Out of the four, Lycoris radiata was most potent. To identify the active component, L. radiata extract was subjected to further fractionation, purification, and CPE/MTS assays. This process led to the identification of a single substance lycorine as an anti-SARS-CoV component with an EC50 value of 15.7 +/- 1.2 nM. This compound has a CC50 value of 14980.0 +/- 912.0 nM in cytotoxicity assay and a selective index (SI) greater than 900. The results suggested that four herbal extracts and the compound lycorine are candidates for the development of new anti-SARS-CoV drugs in the treatment of SARS.

Xe ions at energies from 50 to 400 keV as well as from 600, 800 and 1000 keV were implanted into Si and Si1N1.375H0.603, respectively. The mean projected ranges and range stragglings are measured by Rutherford backscattering of MeV He ions. The values obtained are compared with different calculation procedures. The results show that the maximum differences between experimental and calculated values are 11%, 14% and 7% by transport of ions in matter (TRIM), projected range algorithm (PRAL) and Wang and Shi (WS) calculation procedure based on Biersack's model, respectively. The experimental range stragglings are higher than the calculated ones for the case of 50–400 keV Xe ions implanted into amorphous Si. As for the case of 600, 800 and 1000 keV Xe implanted into Si1N1.375H0.603, the maximum differences between experimental and calculated values of the mean projected range are 25%, 26% and 15% by TRIM, PRAL and WS, respectively. Also it is observed that there are significant deviations of the experimental values from the calculated values for the range straggling.

Detecting and monitoring of crack in viscoelastic solids, as a result of large and time-dependent deformations, are of great importance but have not been carried out sufficiently well. In this paper, polymer optical fibers (POFs) are employed to detect and monitor cracks in viscoelastic solids subjected to tensile loading. The sensor system is developed based on the variation of light intensity within the POFs when the POF sensors are loaded. The sensors show good stability, cost-effective, and large enough strain range (60%). The results demonstrate that in addition to monitoring the strain state of viscoelastic solids, the POFs strain sensors can detect initial cracks and monitor cracks propagation up to ultimate failure.

Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) was used to investigate the domain structure of multiferroic BiFeO3-PbTiO3 single crystals with morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) compositions. The PFM data demonstrate the piezoelectricity and the PFM domain responses under the designed experimental setup reveal the coexistence of a rhombohedral, a tetragonal, and an orthorhombic phases in the MPB crystals, which is consistent with the results of structural refinements based on X-ray diffraction data.

The distributing and changing characteristics and content of soil heavy metals was studied using methods of field survey and sampling, indoor analysis, and pollution index were used to investigate the soil environmental quality in the tea plantations of Changsha Baili Tea Zone. The results showed that the content of soil total Pb, Hg, Cd, Cr, As, Ni basically was in the soil background value, their averages were 42.7, 0.068, 0.074, 92.2, 12.4 and 19.5 mg/kg respectively. The content of heavy metals was lower than the standard of Environmental Qualification of Nuisance Free Tea Producing Area (NY 5020-2001). Simultaneity, soil environmental quality in tea plantations of Baili Tea Zone, it answered for the second grade of State Environmental Quality Standard for Soils (GB 15618-1995), achieved safe class, and the content of soil Hg, Cd, Ni accorded to the first grade of GB 15618-1995, these results showed the Changsha Baili Tea Zone were propitious to develop nuisance free tea production. Besides the single pollution index of Cr was 0.837 and in warning class at the tea plantation of Xiangfeng, the others were all less than 0.7, and in the safe class. The integrated index of 6 tea bases was all less than 0.7, in the safe class, the soil environmental quality was cleanness on the whole at Changsha Baili Tea Zone, and the soils were suitable for non-polluted agricultural production.

The Rutherford backscattering technique has been used to determine the depth profile of Xe+ and Xe2+ implanted into amorphized quartz crystal at energies from 50 to 400 keV. Based on Biersack’s angular diffusion model, an efficient method has been developed for comparison with experimental data. The results show that the measured mean projected range is in quite good agreement with calculated value for first‐order treatment. A marked improvement in range straggling is obtained after considering the second order energy loss. Also the results are compared to transport of ions in matter prediction.

Based on the monitoring of soil fertility, this paper studied the characteristics of microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN) in paddy soils derived from different parent materials in Hunan Province. The results showed different fertilization systems had different effects on soil MBC and MBN. After 18 years fertilization, the MBC and MBN in different paddy soils had similar variation trend, with the sequence of paddy soil derived from lake sedimentfrom river alluvium and quaternary red earthfrom limestonefrom shale. Soil MBC content ranged from 259.5 to 864.4 mg x kg(-1), while MBN ranged from 8.7 to 70.7 mg x kg(-1). Fertilization could increase soil MBC and MBN markedly. Organic fertilizer was the main element for the promotion of soil MBC and MBN, and combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers could obtain the greatest effect. The increment of soil MBC and MBN after applying inorganic fertilizer and its combination with organic fertilizer was 407.6 and 59.2 mg x kg(-1), in maximum, and the maximum increasing rate was 102.8% and 514.8%, respectively, compared with no fertilization.

Dense ceramics of 0.67Bi(Fe1-xTix)O3+x/2-0.33PbTiO3 (x=0, 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04) with MPB compositions have been synthesized by solid state reactions. Structural characterization by X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveals the simultaneous presence of a tetragonal, an orthorhombic, and a rhombohedral phases in 0.67BiFeO3-0.33PbTiO3. The electric conductivity decreases with the increasing Ti4+ substitution amount. As a result, the temperature dependence of dielectric constant of the Ti4+-doped ceramics were measured up to their ferroelectric Curie point (TC) as high as 650degC, and the saturated dielectric hysteresis loop with remnant polarization of 9 muC/cm2 was obtained in 0.5 mol% Ti4+-doped ceramic. A Pr of 17 muC/cm2 was displayed in unsaturated P-E loop of 2 mol% Ti4+-doped sample, which indicates that a much higher saturated polarization can be expected on the Ti4+-substituted BiFeO3-PbTiO3 ceramics.

The distributions of implanted Fe ions into both amorphized quartz crystal (SiO2) and silicon at energies of 100, 150, and 200 keV were studied by the Rutherford backscattering technique. The obtained projected ranges and range stragglings are compared with our calculated values based on an angular diffusion model and transport of ions in matter predictions. Good agreement is obtained between calculated and experimental values for projected range and range straggling in both cases within experimental error.