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156 results on '"Hafley, Gail"'

1. Long-term clinical and angiographic outcomes in patients with diabetes undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: Results from the PRoject of Ex-vivo Vein graft ENgineering via Transfection IV Trial

Author

Koshizaka, Masaya, Lopes, Renato D., Reyes, Eric M., Gibson, Michael C., Schulte, Phillip J., Hafley, Gail E., Hernandez, Adrian F., Green, Jennifer B., Kouchoukos, Nicholas T., Califf, Robert M., Ferguson, Bruce T., Peterson, Eric D., and Alexander, John H.

Published
2015
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5. Endoscopic versus open vein-graft harvesting in coronary-artery bypass surgery

Author

Lopes, Renato D., Hafley, Gail E., Allen, keith B., Ferguseon, T. Bruce, Peterson, Eric D., Harrington, Robert A., Mehta, Rajendra H., Gibson, C. Michael, Mack, Michael J., Kouchoukos, Nicholas T., Califf, Robert M., and Alexander, John H.

Subjects
Coronary artery bypass -- Complications and side effects, Endoscopic surgery -- Evaluation, Endoscopy -- Evaluation, Surgery -- Complications, Surgery -- Control, Veins -- Transplantation, Veins -- Patient outcomes
Abstract

A study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of endoscopy with open vein-graft harvesting in reducing post-operative wound complications after coronary-artery bypass surgery. Results indicated that this kind of vein grafting is independently associated with vein-graft failure and negative outcomes.

Published
2009

8. Long-term efficacy of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa integrin blockade with eptifibatide in coronary stent intervention. (Brief Report)

Author

O'Shea, J. Conor, Buller, Christopher E., Cantor, Warren J., Chandler, A. Bleakley, Cohen, Eric A., Cohen, David J., Gilchrist, Ian C., Kleiman, Neal S., Labinaz, Marino, Madan, Mina, Hafley, Gail E., Califf, Robert M., Kitt, Michael M., Strony, John, and Tcheng, James E.

Subjects
Coronary heart disease -- Care and treatment, Stent (Surgery) -- Complications, Anticoagulants (Medicine) -- Evaluation
Abstract

The drug eptifibatide can reduce the complications of a stent implantation for the treatment of coronary artery disease. Stents are small metal or plastic cylinders that are placed inside an artery to keep it open. However, the artery can become blocked again, or a blood clot can form which in turn can cause a heart attack., Context In the Enhanced Suppression of the Platelet IIb/IIIa Receptor with Integrilin Therapy (ESPRIT) trial, treatment with eptifibatide, a platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa integrin blocker, was found to reduce the ischemic complications of nonurgent coronary stent implantation at 48 hours and 30 days. Objective To determine whether eptifibatide treatment continues to provide durable, long-term benefit after coronary stent intervention. Design and Setting The ESPRIT trial was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, crossover-permitted trial conducted from June 1999 through February 2000 at 92 tertiary care centers in the United States and Canada. Participants A total of 2064 patients scheduled to undergo nonurgent percutaneous coronary intervention with stent implantation. Intervention Patients were randomly assigned to receive placebo (n=1024) or eptifibatide (two 180-[micro]g/kg boluses, 10 minutes apart, with a continuous infusion of 2.0 [micro]g/kg per minute; n=1040), started immediately before stent implantation and continued for 18 to 24 hours. Patients also received aspirin, heparin, and a thienopyridine. Main Outcome Measures Composite rates of death or myocardial infarction (MI) and death, infarction, or target vessel revascularization during the 12 months after enrollment. Results Complete follow-up data were available for 988 patients given eptifibatide (95.0%) and 976 patients given placebo (95.3%). By 12 months, the composite of death or MI had occurred in 8.0% of eptifibatide-treated patients and in 12.4% of placebo-treated patients (hazard ratio [HR], 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.480.83; P=.001). The composite rate of death, MI, or target vessel revascularization was 17.5% in eptifibatide-treated patients vs 22.1% in placebo-treated patients (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.63-0.93; P=.007). Conclusions Long-term outcomes of nonurgent coronary stent implantation appear to be improved through blockade of the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa integrin with eptifibatide.

Published
2002

9. Electrophysiologic testing to identify patients with coronary artery disease who are at risk for sudden death

Author

Buxton, Alfred E., Lee, Kerry L., DiCarlo, Lorenzo, Gold, Michael R., Greer, G. Stephen, Prystowsky, Eric N., O'Toole, Michael F., Tang, Anthony, Fisher, John D., Coromilas, James, Talajic, Mario, and Hafley, Gail

Subjects
Cardiac arrest -- Risk factors, Electrophysiology, Coronary heart disease -- Patient outcomes
Abstract

Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) whose hearts can be stimulated to produce an arrhythmia have a higher risk of sudden death than other CAD patients. The heart is stimulated by a procedure called electrophysiology and the resulting arrhythmia is called an inducible arrhythmia. Researchers compared mortality rates in 353 CAD patients who had an inducible arrhythmia and 1,397 CAD patients who did not have an inducible arrhythmia. After 5 years, 32% of those with an inducible arrhythmia had died from cardiac arrest, compared to 24% of those without an inducible arrhythmia.

Published
2000

17. Edifoligide and long-term outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting: PRoject of Ex-vivo Vein graft ENgineering via Transfection IV (PREVENT IV) 5-year results

Author

Lopes, Renato D., Williams, Judson B., Mehta, Rajendra H., Reyes, Eric M., Hafley, Gail E., Allen, Keith B., Mack, Michael J., Peterson, Eric D., Harrington, Robert A., Gibson, Michael C., Califf, Robert M., Kouchoukos, Nicholas T., Ferguson, Bruce T., Lorenz, Todd J., and Alexander, John H.

Published
2012
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20. Association Between Very Low Levels of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Long-term Outcomes of Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Treated Without Revascularization : Insights From the TRILOGY ACS Trial

Author

Hagström, Emil, Roe, Matthew T., Hafley, Gail, Neely, Megan L., Sidhu, Mandeep S., Winters, Kenneth J., Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, White, Harvey D., Armstrong, Paul W., Fox, Keith A. A., Ohman, Magnus, Boden, William E., Hagström, Emil, Roe, Matthew T., Hafley, Gail, Neely, Megan L., Sidhu, Mandeep S., Winters, Kenneth J., Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, White, Harvey D., Armstrong, Paul W., Fox, Keith A. A., Ohman, Magnus, and Boden, William E.

Abstract

Background: Low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; < 40 mg/dL) are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events, but it is unclear whether lower thresholds (< 30 mg/dL) are associated with increased hazard. Hypothesis: Very low levels of HDL-C may provide prognostic information in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients treated medically without revascularization. Methods: We examined data from 9064/9326 ACS patients enrolled in the TRILOGY ACS trial. Participants were randomized to clopidogrel or prasugrel plus aspirin. Study treatments continued for 6 to 30 months. Relationships between baseline HDL-C and the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (MI), or stroke, and individual endpoints of death (cardiovascular and all-cause), MI, and stroke, adjusted for baseline characteristics through 30 months, were analyzed. The HDL-C was evaluated as a dichotomous variable-very low (< 30 mg/dL) vs higher (>= 30 mg/dL)-and continuously. Results: Median baseline HDL-C was 42mg/dL (interquartile range, 34-49mg/dL) with little variation over time. Frequency of the composite endpoint was similar for very low vs higher baseline HDL-C, with no risk difference between groups (hazard ratio [ HR]: 1.13, 95% confidence interval [ CI]: 0.95-1.34). Similar findings were seen for MI and stroke. However, risks for cardiovascular (HR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.13-1.78) and all-cause death (HR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.11-1.67) were higher in patients with very low baseline HDL-C. Conclusions: Medically managed ACS patients with very low baseline HDL-C levels have higher risk of long-term cardiovascular and all-cause death but similar risks for nonfatal ischemic outcomes vs patients with higher baseline HDL-C.

Published
2016
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21. Impact of chronic kidney disease on long-term ischemic and bleeding outcomes in medically managed patients with acute coronary syndromes:Insights from the TRILOGY ACS Trial

Author

Melloni, Chiara, Cornel, Jan H, Hafley, Gail, Neely, Megan L, Clemmensen, Peter, Zamoryakhin, Dmitry, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, White, Harvey D, Fox, Keith Aa, Ohman, E Magnus, Armstrong, Paul W, Roe, Matthew T, Melloni, Chiara, Cornel, Jan H, Hafley, Gail, Neely, Megan L, Clemmensen, Peter, Zamoryakhin, Dmitry, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, White, Harvey D, Fox, Keith Aa, Ohman, E Magnus, Armstrong, Paul W, and Roe, Matthew T

Abstract

AIMS: We aimed to study the relationship of chronic kidney disease stages with long-term ischemic and bleeding outcomes in medically managed acute coronary syndrome patients and the influence of more potent antiplatelet therapies on platelet reactivity by chronic kidney disease stage.METHODS AND RESULTS: We estimated creatinine clearance for 8953 medically managed acute coronary syndrome patients enrolled in the Targeted Platelet Inhibition to Clarify the Optimal Strategy to Medically Manage Acute Coronary Syndromes trial. Patients were classified by chronic kidney disease stage: normal renal function/mild (creatinine clearance >60 mL/min); moderate (creatinine clearance 30-60 mL/min); severe (creatinine clearance <30 mL/min). Kaplan-Meier event rates through 30 months were evaluated for ischemic (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction or stroke; primary end point) and bleeding (Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Coronary Arteries and Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction bleeding) outcomes by chronic kidney disease stage and treatment allocation (prasugrel vs. clopidogrel) within each stage. Adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for moderate and for severe chronic kidney disease vs. normal/mild chronic kidney disease were estimated. Platelet reactivity at 30 days was assessed in a subset of patients (n = 1947). The majority of patients were in the normal/mild chronic kidney disease group (67%), followed by moderate chronic kidney disease (29%) and severe chronic kidney disease (4%). The incidence of ischemic and bleeding outcomes increased sharply across chronic kidney disease stages and no significant treatment interactions were observed. The adjusted risk of the primary end point increased across chronic kidney disease stages (moderate vs. normal/mild: hazard ratio 1.26; 95% confidence interval 1.09-1.46; severe vs. normal/mild: hazard ratio 1.60; 95% confidence interval 1.25-2.04). Platelet reactivity was lower in patients

Published
2016

22. Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Integrin Blockade With Eptifibatide in Coronary Stent Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Author

O'Shea, J. Conor, Hafley, Gail E., Greenberg, Sally, Hasselblad, Vic, Lorenz, Todd J., Kitt, Michael M., Strony, John, and Tcheng, James E.

Subjects
COR Therapeutics Inc. -- Product information, Integrilin (Medication) -- Evaluation, Stent (Surgery) -- Complications, Thrombosis -- Prevention, Anticoagulants (Medicine) -- Evaluation
Abstract

The anticoagulant drug Integrilin may lower the risk of complications from stenting in patients with coronary artery disease, according to a study of 2,064 patients. Stents are small cylindrical devices that are placed inside coronary arteries to keep them open. However, this procedure can cause blood clot formation.

Published
2001

24. Impact of chronic kidney disease on long-term ischemic and bleeding outcomes in medically managed patients with acute coronary syndromes: Insights from the TRILOGY ACS Trial

Author

Melloni, Chiara, primary, Cornel, Jan H, additional, Hafley, Gail, additional, Neely, Megan L, additional, Clemmensen, Peter, additional, Zamoryakhin, Dmitry, additional, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, additional, White, Harvey D, additional, Fox, Keith AA, additional, Ohman, E Magnus, additional, Armstrong, Paul W, additional, and Roe, Matthew T, additional

Published
2016
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25. Endoscopic Harvesting Device Type and Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

Author

van Diepen, Sean, primary, Brennan, J. Matthew, additional, Hafley, Gail E., additional, Reyes, Eric M., additional, Allen, Keith B., additional, Ferguson, T. Bruce, additional, Peterson, Eric D., additional, Williams, Judson B., additional, Gibson, C. Michael, additional, Mack, Michael J., additional, Kouchoukos, Nicholas T., additional, Alexander, John H., additional, and Lopes, Renato D., additional

Published
2014
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26. ASSOCIATION BETWEEN VERY LOW LEVELS OF BASELINE HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL AND INCREASED LONG-TERM MORTALITY IN MEDICALLY MANAGED ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME PATIENTS

Author

Hagstrom, Emil, primary, Roe, Matthew, additional, Hafley, Gail, additional, Neely, Megan, additional, Sidhu, Mandeep, additional, Brown, Eileen, additional, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, additional, White, Harvey, additional, Armstrong, Paul, additional, Fox, Keith, additional, Ohman, E. Magnus, additional, and Boden, William, additional

Published
2014
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27. Prasugrel versus clopidogrel for patients with unstable angina or non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction with or without angiography:a secondary, prespecified analysis of the TRILOGY ACS trial

Author

Wiviott, Stephen D, White, Harvey D, Ohman, E Magnus, Fox, Keith A A, Armstrong, Paul W, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Hafley, Gail, Lokhnygina, Yuliya, Boden, William E, Hamm, Christian, Clemmensen, Peter, Nicolau, Jose C, Menozzi, Alberto, Ruzyllo, Witold, Widimsky, Petr, Oto, Ali, Leiva-Pons, Jose, Pavlides, Gregory, Winters, Kenneth J, Roe, Matthew T, Bhatt, Deepak L, Wiviott, Stephen D, White, Harvey D, Ohman, E Magnus, Fox, Keith A A, Armstrong, Paul W, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Hafley, Gail, Lokhnygina, Yuliya, Boden, William E, Hamm, Christian, Clemmensen, Peter, Nicolau, Jose C, Menozzi, Alberto, Ruzyllo, Witold, Widimsky, Petr, Oto, Ali, Leiva-Pons, Jose, Pavlides, Gregory, Winters, Kenneth J, Roe, Matthew T, and Bhatt, Deepak L

Published
2013

28. Prasugrel versus clopidogrel for patients with unstable angina or non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction with or without angiography: a secondary, prespecified analysis of the TRILOGY ACS trial

Author

Wiviott, Stephen D, primary, White, Harvey D, additional, Ohman, E Magnus, additional, Fox, Keith AA, additional, Armstrong, Paul W, additional, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, additional, Hafley, Gail, additional, Lokhnygina, Yuliya, additional, Boden, William E, additional, Hamm, Christian, additional, Clemmensen, Peter, additional, Nicolau, Jose C, additional, Menozzi, Alberto, additional, Ruzyllo, Witold, additional, Widimsky, Petr, additional, Oto, Ali, additional, Leiva-Pons, Jose, additional, Pavlides, Gregory, additional, Winters, Kenneth J, additional, Roe, Matthew T, additional, and Bhatt, Deepak L, additional

Published
2013
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29. DIABETIC PATIENTS HAVE SIMILAR VEIN GRAFT FAILURE AT 1 YEAR, BUT HIGHER 5-YEAR MORTALITY THAN NON-DIABETIC PATIENTS UNDERGOING CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS SURGERY: INSIGHTS FROM THE PREVENT-IV TRIAL

Author

Koshizaka, Masaya, primary, Hafley, Gail, additional, Lopes, Renato, additional, Hernandez, Adrian, additional, Green, Jennifer, additional, Kouchoukos, Nicholas, additional, Califf, Robert, additional, Ferguson, T., additional, and Alexander, John, additional

Published
2012
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30. Relationship Between Vein Graft Failure and Subsequent Clinical Outcomes After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

Author

Lopes, Renato D., primary, Mehta, Rajendra H., additional, Hafley, Gail E., additional, Williams, Judson B., additional, Mack, Michael J., additional, Peterson, Eric D., additional, Allen, Keith B., additional, Harrington, Robert A., additional, Gibson, C. Michael, additional, Califf, Robert M., additional, Kouchoukos, Nicholas T., additional, Ferguson, T. Bruce, additional, and Alexander, John H., additional

Published
2012
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31. Saphenous Vein Grafts With Multiple Versus Single Distal Targets in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

Author

Mehta, Rajendra H., primary, Ferguson, T. Bruce, additional, Lopes, Renato D., additional, Hafley, Gail E., additional, Mack, Michael J., additional, Kouchoukos, Nicholas T., additional, Gibson, C. Michael, additional, Harrington, Robert A., additional, Califf, Robert M., additional, Peterson, Eric D., additional, and Alexander, John H., additional

Published
2011
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32. VEIN GRAFT FAILURE FOLLOWING CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS SURGERY: DOES IT MATTER?

Author

Lopes, Renato, primary, Alexander, John H., additional, Mehta, Rajendra H., additional, Hafley, Gail E., additional, Mack, Michael J., additional, Allen, Keith B., additional, Peterson, Eric D., additional, Harrington, Robert A., additional, Gibson, C. Michael, additional, Califf, Robert M., additional, Kouchoukos, Nicholas T., additional, and Ferguson, T. Bruce, additional

Published
2010
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33. Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Failure After On-Pump and Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass: Findings From PREVENT IV

Author

Magee, Mitchell J., primary, Alexander, John H., additional, Hafley, Gail, additional, Ferguson, T. Bruce, additional, Gibson, C. Michael, additional, Harrington, Robert A., additional, Peterson, Eric D., additional, Califf, Robert M., additional, Kouchoukos, Nicholas T., additional, Herbert, Morley A., additional, and Mack, Michael J., additional

Published
2008
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35. Outcomes Associated With the Use of Secondary Prevention Medications After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

Author

Goyal, Abhinav, primary, Alexander, John H., additional, Hafley, Gail E., additional, Graham, Stacy H., additional, Mehta, Rajendra H., additional, Mack, Michael J., additional, Wolf, Randall K., additional, Cohn, Lawrence H., additional, Kouchoukos, Nicholas T., additional, Harrington, Robert A., additional, Gennevois, Daniel, additional, Gibson, C. Michael, additional, Califf, Robert M., additional, Ferguson, T. Bruce, additional, and Peterson, Eric D., additional

Published
2007
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39. Relation of Ejection Fraction and Inducible Ventricular Tachycardia to Mode of Death in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease

Author

Buxton, Alfred E., primary, Lee, Kerry L., additional, Hafley, Gail E., additional, Wyse, D. George, additional, Fisher, John D., additional, Lehmann, Michael H., additional, Pires, Luis A., additional, Gold, Michael R., additional, Packer, Douglas L., additional, Josephson, Mark E., additional, Prystowsky, Eric N., additional, and Talajic, Mario R., additional

Published
2002
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42. Antiarrhythmic drug therapy in the Multicenter UnSustained Tachycardia Trial (MUSTT): drug testing and as-treated analysis

Author

Wyse, D.George, primary, Talajic, Mario, additional, Hafley, Gail E, additional, Buxton, Alfred E, additional, Mitchell, L.Brent, additional, Kus, Teresa K, additional, Packer, Douglas L, additional, Kou, William H, additional, Lemery, Robert, additional, Santucci, Peter, additional, Grimes, Denise, additional, Hickey, Kathleen, additional, Stevens, Carolyn, additional, and Singh, Steven N, additional

Published
2001
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46. Efficacy and safety of edifoligide, an E2F transcription factor decoy, for prevention of vein graft failure following coronary artery bypass graft surgery: PREVENT IV: a randomized controlled trial.

Author

PREVENT (Project of Ex-vivo Vein Graft Engineering via Transfection) IV Investigators, Alexander, John H, Hafley, Gail, Harrington, Robert A, Peterson, Eric D, Ferguson, T Bruce Jr, Lorenz, Todd J, Goyal, Abhinav, Gibson, Michael, Mack, Michael J, Gennevois, Daniel, Califf, Robert M, Kouchoukos, Nicholas T, and PREVENT IV Investigators

Abstract

Context: Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery with autologous vein grafting is commonly performed. Progressive neointimal hyperplasia, however, contributes to considerable vein graft failure. Edifoligide is an oligonucleotide decoy that binds to and inhibits E2F transcription factors and thus may prevent neointimal hyperplasia and vein graft failure.Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of pretreating vein grafts with edifoligide for patients undergoing CABG surgery.Design, Setting, and Participants: A phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 3014 patients undergoing primary CABG surgery with at least 2 planned saphenous vein grafts and without concomitant valve surgery, who were enrolled between August 2002 and October 2003 at 107 US sites.Intervention: Vein grafts were treated ex vivo with either edifoligide or placebo in a pressure-mediated delivery system. The first 2400 patients enrolled were scheduled for 12- to 18-month follow-up angiography.Main Outcome Measures: The primary efficacy end point was angiographic vein graft failure (> or =75% vein graft stenosis) occurring 12 to 18 months after CABG surgery. Other end points included other angiographic variables, adverse events through 30 days, and major adverse cardiac events.Results: A total of 1920 patients (80%) either died (n = 91) or underwent follow-up angiography (n = 1829). Edifoligide had no effect on the primary end point of per patient vein graft failure (436 [45.2%] of 965 patients in the edifoligide group vs 442 [46.3%] of 955 patients in the placebo group; odds ratio, 0.96 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.80-1.14]; P = .66), on any secondary angiographic end point, or on the incidence of major adverse cardiac events at 1 year (101 [6.7%] of 1508 patients in the edifoligide group vs 121 [8.1%] of 1506 patients in the placebo group; hazard ratio, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.64-1.08]; P = .16).Conclusions: Failure of at least 1 vein graft is quite common within 12 to 18 months after CABG surgery. Edifoligide is no more effective than placebo in preventing these events. Longer-term follow-up and additional research are needed to determine whether edifoligide has delayed beneficial effects, to understand the mechanisms and clinical consequences of vein graft failure, and to improve the durability of CABG surgery. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00042081. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005
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48. Limitations of Ejection Fraction for Prediction of Sudden Death Risk in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Lessons From the MUSTT Study

Author

Buxton, Alfred E., Lee, Kerry L., Hafley, Gail E., Pires, Luis A., Fisher, John D., Gold, Michael R., Josephson, Mark E., Lehmann, Michael H., and Prystowsky, Eric N.

Abstract

ObjectivesWe determined the contribution of multiple variables to predict arrhythmic death and total mortality risk in patients with coronary disease and left ventricular dysfunction. We then constructed an algorithm to predict risk of mortality and sudden death.BackgroundMany factors in addition to ejection fraction (EF) influence the prognosis of patients with coronary disease. However, there are few tools to use this information to guide clinical decisions.MethodsWe evaluated the relationship between 25 variables and total mortality and arrhythmic death in 674 patients enrolled in the MUSTT (Multicenter Unsustained Tachycardia Trial) study that did not receive antiarrhythmic therapy. We then constructed risk-stratification algorithms to weight the prognostic impact of each variable on arrhythmic death and total mortality risk.ResultsThe variables having the greatest prognostic impact in multivariable analysis were functional class, history of heart failure, nonsustained ventricular tachycardia not related to bypass surgery, EF, age, left ventricular conduction abnormalities, inducible sustained ventricular tachycardia, enrollment as an inpatient, and atrial fibrillation. The model demonstrates that patients whose only risk factor is EF ≤30% have a predicted 2-year arrhythmic death risk 30% and other risk factors may have higher mortality and a higher risk of sudden death than some patients with EF ≤30%. Thus, risk of sudden death in patients with coronary disease depends on multiple variables in addition to EF.

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