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One of the waters that has been contaminated by industrial waste and domestic waste is the waters in estuaries inlet of Semarang Eastern Flood Canal which is the estuary of the river system, which passes through the eastern city of Semarang which is dense with residential and industrial. So it is necessary to have information about the assessment of water quality in Estuaries Inlet of Semarang Eastern Flood Canal. Remote sensing technology can analyze the results of recording the spectral characteristics of water with water quality parameters. One of the parameters for assessing water quality is Chlorophyll-a and Total Suspended Solid, can be estimated through remote sensing technology using multispectral Sentinel-2A Satellite images. In this research there are 3 algorithms that will be used in determining the content of chlorophyll a, and for determining TSS. Image accuracy test is done to find out how far the image can give information about Chlorophyll-a and TSS in the waters. The results of the image accuracy test will be compared with the value of chlorophyll-a and TSS that have been tested through laboratory analysis. The result of this research is the distribution map of chlorophyll-a and TSS content in the waters.

Background: Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) laser therapy is an emerging treatment for women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI)., Objectives: To examine the efficacy of CO 2 laser therapy for management of SUI-related symptoms in women., Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and cohort studies., Data Sources and Methods: Four databases were screened until January 2023. All efficacy continuous endpoints were assessed via subtraction of the posttreatment from pretreatment values. The data were summarized as mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) using the random-effects model., Results: A total of 15 studies with 700 patients were analyzed. CO 2 laser therapy significantly decreased the 1-h pad weights at 3 months [ n  = 5 studies, MD = -3.656 g, 95% CI (-5.198, -2.113), p  < 0.001], 6 months [ n  = 6 studies, MD = -6.583 g, 95% CI (-11.158, -2.008), p  = 0.005], and 12 months [ n  = 6 studies, MD = -3.726 g, 95% CI (-6.347, -1.106), p  = 0.005]. Moreover, CO 2 laser therapy significantly decreased the International Consultation of Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form Scores at 3 months [ n  = 10 studies, MD = -4.805, 95% CI (-5.985, -3.626), p  < 0.001] and 12-months [ n  = 6 studies, MD = -3.726, 95% CI (-6.347, -1.106), p  = 0.005]. Additionally, CO 2 laser therapy significantly decreased the Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire scores at 6 months [ n  = 2 studies, MD = -11.268, 95% CI (-18.671, -3.865), p  = 0.002] and 12 months [ n  = 2 studies, MD = -10.624, 95% CI (-18.145, -3.103), p  = 0.006]. Besides, CO 2 laser therapy significantly decreased the Urogenital Distress Inventory-6 scores at 3 months [ n  = 2 studies, MD = -21.997, 95% CI (-32.294, -11.699), p  < 0.001], but not at 6 months [ n  = 3 studies, MD = -3.034, 95% CI (-7.357, 1.259), p  = 0.169]. Lastly, CO 2 laser therapy significantly increased the Vaginal Health Index Score at 6 months [ n  = 2 studies, MD = 2.826, 95% CI (0.013, 5.638), p  = 0.047] and 12 months [MD = 1.553, 95% CI (0.173, 2.934), p  = 0.027]., Conclusion: CO 2 laser therapy improved the SUI-related symptoms in women. To obtain solid conclusions, future studies should be well-designed with standardized settings, consistent therapeutic protocols, and long-term follow-up periods., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest., (© The Author(s), 2023.)

Objective: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the clinical efficacy and safety of prophylactic tranexamic acid (TXA) versus control (normal saline/no treatment) during myomectomy., Methods: Six databases were screened from inception until 21-February-2022. The eligible studies were assessed for risk of bias. The outcomes were summarized as mean difference (MD) and risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) in a random-effects model., Results: Seven studies, comprising eight arms and 571 patients (TXA = 304 patients, control = 267 patients) were analyzed. The included studies had an overall low risk of bias. The mean intraoperative blood loss (MD = -224.34 ml, 95% CI [-303.06, -145.61], p < 0.001), mean postoperative blood loss, and mean total blood loss were significantly reduced in favor of the prophylactic TXA group. Additionally, the mean postoperative hemoglobin (MD = 0.4 mg/dl, 95% CI [0.11, 0.68], p = 0.006) and mean postoperative hematocrit levels were significantly higher in favor of the prophylactic TXA group. While the mean hospital stay was significantly reduced in favor of the prophylactic TXA group (MD = -0.39 d, 95% [-0.74, -0.04], p = 0.03), there was no significant difference between both groups regarding the mean operation time and rate of blood transfusion. None of the participants in both groups developed any incidence of thromboembolic events. The rate of nausea was significantly higher in disfavor of the prophylactic TXA group (RR = 2.68, 95% CI [1.11, 6.43], p = 0.03)., Conclusion: Among patients undergoing myomectomy, prophylactic TXA was largely safe and linked to substantial reductions in perioperative blood loss and related morbidities., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objective: Minimizing intraoperative blood loss during hysterectomy is crucial to lessen associated perioperative morbidity. The aim of this investigation is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared vasopressin versus normal saline in controlling intraoperative blood loss during hysterectomy., Data Sources: We screened 5 major databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) from inception till July 18, 2021. We used the following query search in all databases: (vasopressin OR arginine vasopressin OR argipressin OR antidiuretic hormone) AND (hysterectomy) AND (saline OR placebo OR control OR no treatment) AND (randomized OR randomised OR randomly). There was no language restriction during database screening., Methods of Study Selection: We considered all studies that met the following evidence-based criteria: (1) patients: individuals undergoing hysterectomy for any indication, (2) intervention: vasopressin, (3) comparator: normal saline, placebo, or no treatment, (4) outcomes: reliable extraction of any of our endpoints, and (5) study design: RCTs. We assessed risk of bias of included studies and pooled endpoints as mean difference (MD) or risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). We performed statistical analysis using the Review Manager software, version 5.4.0., Tabulation, Integration, and Results: Seven RCTs with an overall low risk of bias met the inclusion criteria. This meta-analysis included a total of 455 patients; 232 and 223 patients were allocated to vasopressin and control group, respectively. The majority of RCTs were vaginal hysterectomy (n = 5), few abdominal hysterectomy, (n = 2) and no laparoscopic hysterectomy. The mean estimated intraoperative blood loss was significantly lower in favor of the vasopressin group compared with the control group (n = 6 RCTs, MD = -119.85 mL, 95% CI [-177.55, -62.14], p <.001). However, there was no significant difference between both groups regarding mean operating time, mean change in postoperative hemoglobin, mean hospital stay, rate of febrile morbidity, rate of pelvic infection, rate of perioperative blood transfusion, and rate of perioperative complications., Conclusion: Compared with normal saline, vasopressin significantly reduced the estimated blood loss during hysterectomy but did not change any clinically significant outcomes. In addition, vasopressin was safe and did not correlate with an increase in the rates of febrile morbidity or pelvic infection., (Copyright © 2021 AAGL. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Six attempts were made to infect mice by feeding them eggs of the human strain of Hymenolepis nana, but none was successful. No eggs were found in the mouse faeces 14 days after feeding, and no adult worms were recovered at post mortem examination. In attempts to induce cysticercoids to infect mice, beetles were either fed on infected human faeces or given Hymenolepis eggs on filter paper. Both methods were unsuccessful, as no cysticercoids were recovered six days after exposure of the beetles.