9 results on '"Hafer, Mark"'
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2. Cost of climate change mitigation in Canada's forest sector
- Author
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Lempriere, Tony C., Krcmar, Emina, Rampley, Greg J., Beatch, Alison, Smyth, Carolyn E., Hafer, Mark, and Kurz, Werner A.
- Subjects
Climate change -- Economic aspects ,Pollution control -- Economic aspects ,Forest management -- Economic aspects ,Earth sciences ,Economic aspects - Abstract
Managing forests and forest products has substantial potential to help mitigate climate change but the cost has not been extensively examined in Canada. We estimated the cost of seven forest-related mitigation strategies in Canada's 230 million hectares of managed forest, divided into 32 spatial units. For each strategy and spatial unit, we determined forest sector mitigation cost per tonne (t) using estimated impacts on forest sector greenhouse gas emissions and removals and net revenue. National cost curves showed that mitigation averaged 11.0 Mt C[O.sub.2]e x [year.sup.-1] in 2015-2050 at costs below $50 x t C[O.sub.2]e x [year.sup.-1] for a strategy of increased recovery of harvested biomass, increased salvage, extraction of harvest residues for bioenergy, and increased production of longer lived products. We also examined national portfolios in which the strategy selected for each spatial unit (from among the seven examined) was chosen to maximize mitigation or minimize costs. At low levels of mitigation, portfolios chosen to minimize costs were much cheaper than those that maximized mitigation, but overall, they yielded less than half the total mitigation of the latter portfolios. Choosing strategies to maximize mitigation in 2015-2050 yielded an average of 16.5 Mt-year-1 at costs below $50 x t C[O.sub.2]e x [year.sup.-1]. Our analysis suggests that forest-related strategies may be cost-effective choices to help achieve long-term emission reductions in Canada. Key words: Canada, cost, climate change mitigation, forest management, harvested wood products. L'amenagement des forets et les produits forestiers ont un potentiel considerable pour attenuer les changements climatiques, mais au Canada peu d'etudes ont examine les couts associes a ces mesures. Nous avons estime le cout de sept strategies d'attenuation en milieu forestier dans les 230 millions d'hectares de forets amenagees du Canada divisees en 32 unites spatiales. Pour chaque strategie et chaque unite spatiale, nous avons determine le cout par tonne (t) de l'attenuation due au secteur forestier en ayant recours a l'estimation des impacts sur l'emission et l'absorption de gaz a effet de serre et sur le revenu net associes au secteur forestier. Selon les courbes de cout nationales, le niveau d'attenuation atteindrait en moyenne 11,0 Mt eq. C[O.sub.2] x [an.sup.-1] de 2015 a 2050 a un cout de moins de 50 $-t eq. [C[O.sub.2].sup.-1] pour une strategie qui inclut la recuperation accrue de la biomasse recoltee, une plus grande recuperation, la recolte des residus forestiers pour la bioenergie et une augmentation de la production de produits qui ont une plus longue duree de vie. Nous avons aussi evalue les portefeuilles nationaux dans lesquels la strategie selectionnee pour chaque unite spatiale (parmi les sept strategies etudiees) a ete choisie pour maximiser l'attenuation et minimiser les couts. Pour des niveaux d'attenuation faibles, les portefeuilles qui ont ete retenus pour minimiser les couts etaient beaucoup moins dispendieux que ceux qui maximisaient l'attenuation, mais globalement ils ont produit moins de la moitie de l'attenuation totale. Choisir des strategies qui maximisent l'attenuation de 2015 a 2050 entrainerait une reduction moyenne des emissions de 16,5 Mt x [an.sup.-1] a un cout de moins de 50 $-t eq. [C[O.sub.2].sup.-1]. Notre analyse indique que les strategies en lien avec le secteur forestier peuvent etre des choix rentables pour atteindre les objectifs a long terme de reduction des emissions au Canada. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: Canada, cout, attenuation des changements climatiques, amenagement forestier, recolte de produits forestiers., 1. Introduction Management of forests and forest products has substantial global potential to mitigate climate change by reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions or increasing carbon sequestration (Barker et al. 2007; [...]
- Published
- 2017
3. An analysis of television problems/programs lists: Is station compliancepro forma?
- Author
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Hafer, Mark C., primary and Fletcher, James E., additional
- Published
- 1983
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. A control system framework for simulating forest landscape management
- Author
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Hafer, Mark A.
- Abstract
Traditional forest planning models, based on mathematical programming techniques for constrained optimization, have failed to adequately address the new realities of managing forest landscapes so as to sustain in perpetuity a full range of intrinsic values and human benefits. This thesis proposes a general simulation modelling framework for the analysis and management of forest landscapes. The framework, based on state space techniques for modelling of complex dynamic systems, addresses many of the requirements of modern forest planning analysis. Application of the general framework is demonstrated in the development of a specific simulation model for designing spatially explicit harvest schedules that balance biodiversity and timber production objectives. A state space model is developed to predict the dynamics stand level structure over a landscape represented in raster format. This portion of the model is shown to provide realistic predictions of the temporal development of stand structure, and demonstrates the potential of the state space format for representing the physical attributes and complex dynamics of forest landscapes. An heuristic control procedure based on simple multi-criteria decision making techniques is developed to determine the spatial and temporal sequence of management actions according to their combined effect on the objectives for the landscape. To demonstrate and evaluate the feasibility of the proposed approach, the completed model is used to simulate the management of a 3850 hectare landscape over 150 years using a 5 year time step. Scenarios are presented to show achieved levels of serai stage, patch size, and timber outputs under different weightings of the corresponding management objectives. The model was able to maintain the system output within the desired limits when harvest volume was the only specified management objective. The desired harvest levels were achieved primarily through clearcut and heavy thinning activities. In the case of managing for serai stage, patch size, and timber objectives the model was an effective tool for exploring the trade-offs required to find a balance between all seven objectives. Serai stage objectives were fully met, although at the expense of violating the upper bound on harvest levels in several simulation periods. Patch size objectives were met in some periods, and were significantly improved in all other periods compared to the scenario involving only the volume objective. This broad mix of landscape outputs was achieved using a much wider range of harvest treatment intensities than in the single objective case. The case study demonstrates that it is feasible to represent a detailed description of stand level dynamics in a spatially explicit forest level model using readily available desktop computing systems. Such a simulation model is intended to have application as a tool for designing alternative management strategies to provide input to an iterative multi-objective planning process.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. An analysis of television problems-programs lists: is station compliance pro forma?
- Author
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Hafer, Mark C. and Fletcher, James E.
- Subjects
Television programs ,United States. Federal Communications Commission - Published
- 1983
6. Satellite radio
- Author
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Hafer, Mark
- Subjects
Company services ,XM Satellite Radio Inc. -- Services ,Satellite communications services industry -- Services ,Online services -- Services ,Digital audio broadcasting -- Services ,Radio broadcasting -- Services ,Radio broadcasting industry -- Innovations - Published
- 2001
7. Removing land mines
- Author
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Hafer, Mark
- Subjects
Afghanistan -- Military aspects ,Military application ,United Nations. Mine Action Program for Afghanistan -- Statistics ,United Nations -- Statistics ,Afghanistan Conflict, 2001- -- Military aspects ,Mines, Military -- Afghanistan - Published
- 2001
8. An analysis of television problems/programs lists: Is station compliance pro forma?
- Author
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Hafer, Mark and Fletcher, James
- Abstract
A stratified sample of 50 television station Problems/Programs Lists were studied. Differences that had been expected across market size and network affiliation status did not appear.
- Published
- 1983
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Earthquake kits.
- Author
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Hafer, Mark
- Abstract
States that in Los Angeles, California, the Governor's Office of Emergency Services designated April, as the month for focusing on earthquake kits. Guide for updating emergency supplies for home, work and car; Amount of water; Types of foods to store; Alternate cooking methods; Non-perishable food; Items for personal hygiene; First aid kit essentials; Additional equipment.
- Published
- 1995
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