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347 results on '"Haeffelin, Martial"'

4. The Paris Low-Level Jet During PANAME 2022 and its Impact on the Summertime Urban Heat Island.

Author

Céspedes, Jonnathan, Kotthaus, Simone, Preissler, Jana, Toupoint, Clément, Thobois, Ludovic, Drouin, Marc-Antoine, Dupont, Jean-Charles, Faucheux, Aurélien, and Haeffelin, Martial

Subjects
URBAN heat islands, WIND speed, ATMOSPHERIC boundary layer, WIND speed measurement, ATMOSPHERIC temperature, CITIES & towns
Abstract

The Low-Level Jet (LLJ) and the Urban Heat Island (UHI) are common nocturnal phenomena in the atmospheric boundary layer. While the canopy layer UHI has been studied extensively, interactions of the LLJ and the urban atmosphere in general (and the UHI in particular) have received less attention. In the framework of the PANAME initiative in the Paris region, continuous measurements of wind speed and vertical velocity profiles were recorded with two Doppler Wind Lidars (DWL) – for the first time allowing for a detailed investigation of the summertime LLJ characteristics in the region. Jets are detected for 70 % of the examined nights, often simultaneously at an urban and a suburban site highlighting the LLJ regional spatial extent. Emerging at around sunset, the mean LLJ duration is ∼10 h, the mean wind speed is ∼9 ms−1, and the average core height is 400 m above the city. For many jets, results show signatures in the temporal evolution that indicate the inertial oscillation mechanism plays a role in the jet development: a clockwise veering of the wind direction and a rapid acceleration followed by a slower deceleration. The LLJ core induces variance in the vertical velocity (σ2w) above the urban canopy layer. It is shown that σ2w is a powerful indicator for the air temperature spatial contrasts as UHI intensity decreases exponentially with increasing σ2w and strong values only occur when σ2w is very weak. This study demonstrates how DWL observations in cities provide valuable insights into near-surface processes relevant to human and environmental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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5. Can we use atmospheric CO2 measurements to verify emission trends reported by cities? Lessons from a 6-year atmospheric inversion over Paris

Author

Lian, Jinghui, primary, Lauvaux, Thomas, additional, Utard, Hervé, additional, Bréon, François-Marie, additional, Broquet, Grégoire, additional, Ramonet, Michel, additional, Laurent, Olivier, additional, Albarus, Ivonne, additional, Chariot, Mali, additional, Kotthaus, Simone, additional, Haeffelin, Martial, additional, Sanchez, Olivier, additional, Perrussel, Olivier, additional, Denier van der Gon, Hugo Anne, additional, Dellaert, Stijn Nicolaas Camiel, additional, and Ciais, Philippe, additional

Published
2023
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6. Midlatitude Cirrus Clouds and Multiple Tropopauses from a 2002-2006 Climatology over the SIRTA Observatory

Author

Noel, Vincent and Haeffelin, Martial

Subjects
Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Abstract

This study present a comparison of lidar observations of midlatitude cirrus clouds over the SIRTA observatory between 2002 and 2006 with multiple tropopauses (MT) retrieved from radiosounding temperature profiles. The temporal variability of MT properties (frequency, thickness) are discussed. Results show a marked annual cycle, with MT frequency reaching its lowest point in May (~18% occurrence of MT) and slowly rising to more than 40% in DJF. The average thickness of the MT also follows an annual cycle, going from less than 1 km in spring to 1.5 km in late autumn. Comparison with lidar observations show that cirrus clouds show a preference for being located close below the 1st tropopause. When the cloud top is above the 1st tropopause (7% of observations), in 20% of cases the cloud base is above it as well, resulting in a cirrus cloud "sandwiched" between the two tropopauses. Compared to the general distribution of cirrus, cross-tropopause cirrus show a higher frequency of large optical depths, while inter-tropopause cirrus show almost exclusively low optical depths (Tau < 0.03 in 90% of cases) typical of subvisible clouds. Results suggest the occurrence of inter-tropopause cirrus clouds is correlated with the frequency of multiple tropopauses.

Published
2007
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7. DEVELOPING A RESEARCH STRATEGY TO BETTER UNDERSTAND, OBSERVE, AND SIMULATE URBAN ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES AT KILOMETER TO SUBKILOMETER SCALES

Author

Barlow, Janet, Best, Martin, Bohnenstengel, Sylvia I., Clark, Peter, Grimmond, Sue, Lean, Humphrey, Christen, Andreas, Emeis, Stefan, Haeffelin, Martial, Harman, Ian N., Lemonsu, Aude, Martilli, Alberto, Pardyjak, Eric, Rotach, Mathias W, Ballard, Susan, Boutle, Ian, Brown, Andy, Cai, Xiaoming, Carpentieri, Matteo, Coceal, Omduth, Crawford, Ben, Di Sabatino, Silvana, Dou, Junxia, Drew, Daniel R., Edwards, John M., Fallmann, Joachim, Fortuniak, Krzysztof, Gornall, Jemma, Gronemeier, Tobias, Halios, Christos H., Hertwig, Denise, Hirano, Kohin, Holtslag, Albert A. M., Luo, Zhiwen, Mills, Gerald, Nakayoshi, Makoto, Pain, Kathy, Schlünzen, K. Heinke, Smith, Stefan, Soulhac, Lionel, Steeneveld, Gert-Jan, Sun, Ting, Theeuwes, Natalie E, Thomson, David, Voogt, James A., Ward, Helen C., Xie, Zheng-Tong, and Zhong, Jian

Published
2017

8. Can we use atmospheric CO2 measurements to verify emission trends reported by cities? Lessons from a six-year atmospheric inversion over Paris

Author

Lian, Jinghui, primary, Lauvaux, Thomas, additional, Utard, Hervé, additional, Bréon, François-Marie, additional, Broquet, Grégoire, additional, Ramonet, Michel, additional, Laurent, Olivier, additional, Albarus, Ivonne, additional, Chariot, Mali, additional, Kotthaus, Simone, additional, Haeffelin, Martial, additional, Sanchez, Olivier, additional, Perrussel, Olivier, additional, Denier van der Gon, Hugo Anne, additional, Dellaert, Stijn Nicolaas Camiel, additional, and Ciais, Philippe, additional

Published
2023
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9. Supplementary material to "Can we use atmospheric CO2 measurements to verify emission trends reported by cities? Lessons from a six-year atmospheric inversion over Paris"

Author

Lian, Jinghui, primary, Lauvaux, Thomas, additional, Utard, Hervé, additional, Bréon, François-Marie, additional, Broquet, Grégoire, additional, Ramonet, Michel, additional, Laurent, Olivier, additional, Albarus, Ivonne, additional, Chariot, Mali, additional, Kotthaus, Simone, additional, Haeffelin, Martial, additional, Sanchez, Olivier, additional, Perrussel, Olivier, additional, Denier van der Gon, Hugo Anne, additional, Dellaert, Stijn Nicolaas Camiel, additional, and Ciais, Philippe, additional

Published
2023
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10. Towards the profiling of the atmospheric boundary layer at European scale—introducing the COST Action PROBE

Author

Cimini, Domenico, Haeffelin, Martial, Kotthaus, Simone, Löhnert, Ulrich, Martinet, Pauline, O’Connor, Ewan, Walden, Christopher, Coen, Martine Collaud, and Preissler, Jana

Abstract

The atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is the layer closest to the Earth’s surface within which most human activities take place. The vertical profile of atmospheric thermodynamic parameters in the ABL impact weather, air quality and climate. However, surface sensor networks and satellite observations do not provide sufficient information on the high temporal variability and strong vertical gradients that occur in the ABL. Thus, the ABL represents an important but rather under-sampled part of the atmosphere. This observational gap currently hampers progress in numerical weather prediction, air quality forecasting and climate assessment. Due to recent technological and methodological advances, ground-based remote sensing instruments are now able to provide high-quality profiles of ABL parameters such as temperature, humidity, wind, aerosol and cloud properties. However, even though state-of-the-art ABL profilers are deployed at numerous sites in Europe, efficient science and technology networking and coordination is still required to exploit this rich dataset effectively. The current lack of data and procedure harmonization often diminishes the potential societal benefits of the existing ABL profiling data. This paper introduces PROBE, a new initiative funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST), that aims to broaden the bridge between a wide range of user needs and the science and technology expertise residing in industry and academia, while strengthening and harmonizing methods and procedures to yield higher quality ABL observational data. Here, the challenges, objectives and implementation plan for PROBE are described, highlighting some preliminary results that will be further developed into operational applications during the 4-year duration (2019–2023) of this collaborative project.

Published
2024
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11. Paris 2024 Olympic/Para-Olympic Games and air quality

Author

Foret, Gilles, primary, Beekmann, Matthias, additional, Ramalho, Olivier, additional, Koning, Martin, additional, Haeffelin, Martial, additional, de Vanssay, Etienne, additional, Nadif, Rachel, additional, Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, additional, Bernardara, Pietro, additional, and Bernard, Jean-David, additional

Published
2019
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12. Role of thermodynamic and turbulence processes on the fog life cycle during SOFOF3D experiment

Author

Dione, Cheikh, Haeffelin, Martial, Burnet, Frédéric, Lac, Christine, Canut, Guylaine, Delanoë, Julien, Dupont, Jean-Charles, Jorquera, Susana, Martinet, Pauline, Ribaud, Jean-François, and Toledo, Felipe

Abstract

In this study, we use a synergy of in-situ and remote sensing measurements collected during the Southwest FOGs 3D experiment for processes study (SOFOG3D) field campaign in autumn 2019 and winter 2020, to analyze the thermodynamic and turbulence processes related to fog formation, evolution, and dissipation across southwestern France. Based on a unique dataset with a very high resolution and a fog conceptual model, an analysis of the four heaviest fog episodes (two radiation fogs and two advection-radiation fogs) is conducted. The results show that radiation and advection-radiation fogs form under deep and thin temperature inversion, respectively. For both fog categories, the transition period from stable to adiabatic fog and the fog adiabatic phase are driven by vertical mixing associated with an increase in turbulence in the fog layer due to mechanical production (turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) up to 0.4 m2 s-2 and vertical velocity variance (σw2) up to 0.04 m2 s-2) generated by brisk wind at the supersite (advection). The dissipation time is observed at night for the advection-radiation fog case studies and during the day for the radiation fog case studies. Night-time dissipation is driven by horizontal advection generating mechanical turbulence (TKE at least 0.3 m2 s-2 and σw2 larger than 0.04 m2 s-2). Daytime dissipation is linked to the combination of thermal and mechanical turbulence related respectively to solar heating (near surface sensible heat flux larger than 10 W m-2) and advection. Through a deficit of the fog reservoir of liquid water path, the fog conceptual model estimates the dissipation time at least one hour before the observed dissipation for radiation fog cases. It gives a better estimate of the fog dissipation time for advection-radiation cases. This study also demonstrates the importance of using instrumental synergy (with microwave radiometer, wind lidar, weather station, and cloud radar) and a fog conceptual model to better predict fog characteristics and dissipation time at nowcasting ranges.

Published
2023

13. PANAME – Project synergy of atmospheric research in the Paris region

Author

Haeffelin, Martial, Kotthaus, Simone, Bastin, Sophie, Bouffies-Cloché, Sophie, Cantrell, Chris, Christen, Andreas, Dupont, Jean-Charles, Foret, Gilles, Gros, Valérie, Lemonsu, Aude, Leymarie, Juliette, Lohou, Fabienne, Madelin, Malika, Masson, Valéry, Michoud, Vincent, Price, Jeremy, Ramonet, Michel, Ribaud, Jean-Francois, Sartelet, Karine, Wurtz, Jean, Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), SPACE - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle de recherche pour l'organisation et la diffusion de l'information géographique (PRODIG (UMR_8586 / UMR_D_215 / UM_115)), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Environnement Atmosphérique (CEREA), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), and EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]
Abstract

International audience; The Paris region (France) is increasingly the focus of urban atmospheric research. Numerous national and international research projects have chosen Europe’s largest metropolitan region as their study area to better understand and predict critical hazards (incl. heat, air pollution, thunderstorms) in the context of a changing climate. Located on rather flat terrain in continental, mid-latitude climates, the densely populated Paris region is very suitable for the evaluation of urban processes in numerical simulations at different scales. The European research infrastructures ACTRIS and ICOS are developing strategies for the improved operational monitoring of air pollution and greenhouse gas budgets, respectively. Various research projects are conducting fundamental process studies and model developments to investigate the dynamics and chemistry of the urban atmosphere and its interactions with the rural surroundings and regional-scale flow to better quantify associated health risks and inform sustainable planning.In addition to numerous modelling activities (chemistry-transport, numerical weather prediction, climate projections), diverse atmospheric observations are collected. These include dense surface station networks, turbulent flux towers, and ground-based atmospheric remote sensing to monitor the atmospheric boundary layer. This multi-project context motivates the pooling of resources.To facilitate efficient project synergy and to optimise the coordination of the individual experimental campaigns, the PANAME initiative (https://paname.aeris-data.fr/) was established. PANAME provides a framework to optimise the design of the Paris region measurement network and helps to standardise the operations. A professional, multi-disciplinary data portal is developed at the French AERIS atmospheric data centre to host the PANAME observations and model results. Here, data are collected and formatted, standardised advanced products are derived from the diverse sensor networks and high-quality visualisations are generated in near real-time. The presentation will provide an overview on the scientific objectives of the on-going projects, the deployment of measurements and simulation tools, and the data portal design.

Published
2023

15. Meteorological variability and regional pollutant distributions during the summer 2022 ACROSS/PANAME campaign

Author

Beekmann, Matthias, primary, Siour, Guillaume, additional, Di Antonio, Ludovico, additional, Foret, Gilles, additional, Meleux, Frederic, additional, Colette, Augustin, additional, Rosso, Amandine, additional, Di Biagio, Claudia, additional, Cuesta, Juan, additional, Formenti, Paola, additional, Gratien, Aline, additional, Haeffelin, Martial, additional, Kotthaus, Simone, additional, Masson, Valery, additional, Michoud, Vincent, additional, and Cantrell, Christopher, additional

Published
2023
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17. Forest fire plumes in the Paris region (France) during summer 2022, the spoor of a schorching summer

Author

Petit, Jean-Eudes, primary, Gros, Valérie, additional, Favez, Olivier, additional, Simon, Leila, additional, Kalalian, Carmen, additional, Brugère, Etienne, additional, Borbon, Agnès, additional, Dupont, Jean-Charles, additional, Abbou, Grégory, additional, Ghersi, Véronique, additional, Michoud, Vincent, additional, Di Biagio, Claudia, additional, Formenti, Paola, additional, Cantrell, Christopher, additional, Gration, Aline, additional, Brito, Joêl, additional, Dusanter, Sebastien, additional, Jamar, Marina, additional, and Haeffelin, Martial, additional

Published
2023
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18. PANAME: a portal laboratory for city's environmental data

Author

Douet, Vincent, primary, Bouffiès-Cloché, Sophie, additional, Dumont, Joanne, additional, Haeffelin, Martial, additional, Dupoont, Jean-Charles, additional, Kotthaus, Simone, additional, Masson, Valéry, additional, Lemonsu, Aude, additional, Gros, Valerie, additional, Cantrell, Christopher, additional, Michoud, Vincent, additional, and Payan, Sébastien, additional

Published
2023
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19. Atmospheric boundary layer height from ground-based remote sensing: a review of capabilities and limitations

Author

Kotthaus, Simone, primary, Bravo-Aranda, Juan Antonio, additional, Collaud Coen, Martine, additional, Guerrero-Rascado, Juan Luis, additional, Costa, Maria João, additional, Cimini, Domenico, additional, O'Connor, Ewan J., additional, Hervo, Maxime, additional, Alados-Arboledas, Lucas, additional, Jiménez-Portaz, María, additional, Mona, Lucia, additional, Ruffieux, Dominique, additional, Illingworth, Anthony, additional, and Haeffelin, Martial, additional

Published
2023
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21. Can we use atmospheric CO2 measurements to verify emission trends reported by cities? Lessons from a six-year atmospheric inversion over Paris.

Author

Lian, Jinghui, Lauvaux, Thomas, Utard, Hervé, Bréon, François-Marie, Broquet, Grégoire, Ramonet, Michel, Laurent, Olivier, Albarus, Ivonne, Chariot, Mali, Kotthaus, Simone, Haeffelin, Martial, Sanchez, Olivier, Perrussel, Olivier, Gon, Hugo Anne Denier van der, Dellaert, Stijn Nicolaas Camiel, and Ciais, Philippe

Subjects
EMISSION inventories, CITIES & towns, ATMOSPHERIC boundary layer, METROPOLITAN areas, FOSSIL fuels, ATMOSPHERIC models
Abstract

Existing CO2 emissions reported by city inventories usually lag real-time by a year or more and are prone to large uncertainties. This study responds to the growing need for timely and precise estimation of urban CO2 emissions to support the present and future mitigation measures and policies. We focus on the Paris metropolitan area, the largest urban region in the European Union and the city with the densest atmospheric CO2 observation network in Europe. We performed long-term atmospheric inversions to quantify the citywide CO2 emissions, both fossil fuel and biogenic sources and sinks, over six years (2016–2021) using a Bayesian inverse modeling system. Our inversion framework benefits from a novel near-real-time hourly fossil fuel CO2 emission inventory (Origins.earth) at 1 km spatial resolution. In addition to the mid-afternoon observations, we attempt to assimilate morning CO2 concentrations based on the ability of the WRF-Chem transport model to simulate atmospheric boundary layer dynamics constrained by observed layer heights. Our results show a long-term decreasing trend by around 2 % per year in annual CO2 emissions over the Paris region. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic led to a 13 %±1 % reduction in annual fossil fuel CO2 emissions in 2020 with respect to 2019. Then, annual emissions increased by 5.2 % from 32.6±2.2 MtCO2 in 2020 to 34.3±2.3 MtCO2 in 2021. Based on a combination of up-to-date inventories, high-resolution atmospheric modeling, and high-precision observations, our current capacity could deliver near real-time CO2 emission estimates at city scale in less than a month, and the results agree within 10 % with independent estimates from multiple city-scale inventories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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22. Can we use atmospheric CO2 measurements to verify emission trends reported by cities? Lessons from a six-year atmospheric inversion over Paris.

Author

Jinghui Lian, Lauvaux, Thomas, Utard, Hervé, Bréon, François-Marie, Broquet, Grégoire, Ramonet, Michel, Laurent, Olivier, Albarus, Ivonne, Chariot, Mali, Kotthaus, Simone, Haeffelin, Martial, Sanchez, Olivier, Perrussel, Olivier, van der Gon, Hugo Anne Denier, Camiel Dellaert, Stijn Nicolaas, and Ciais, Philippe

Abstract

Existing CO2 emissions reported by city inventories usually lag real-time by a year or more and are prone to large uncertainties. This study responds to the growing need for timely and precise estimation of urban CO2 emissions to support the present and future mitigation measures and policies. We focus on the Paris metropolitan area, the largest urban region in the European Union and the city with the densest atmospheric CO2 observation network in Europe. We performed long-term atmospheric inversions to quantify the citywide CO2 emissions, both fossil fuel and biogenic sources and sinks, over six years (2016-2021) using a Bayesian inverse modeling system. Our inversion framework benefits from a novel near-real-time hourly fossil fuel CO2 emission inventory (Origins.earth) at 1 km spatial resolution. In addition to the mid-afternoon observations, we attempt to assimilate morning CO2 concentrations based on the ability of the WRF-Chem transport model to simulate atmospheric boundary layer dynamics constrained by observed layer heights. Our results show a long-term decreasing trend by around 2% per year in annual CO2 emissions over the Paris region. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic led to a 13%±1% reduction in annual fossil fuel CO2 emissions in 2020 with respect to 2019. Then, annual emissions increased by 5.2% from 32.6±2.2 MtCO2 in 2020 to 34.3±2.3 MtCO2 in 2021. Based on a combination of up-to-date inventories, high-resolution atmospheric modeling, and highprecision observations, our current capacity could deliver near real-time CO2 emission estimates at city scale in less than a month, and the results agree within 10% with independent estimates from multiple city-scale inventories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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25. Atmospheric boundary layer height from ground-based remote sensing: a review of capabilities and limitations

Author

Kotthaus, Simone, primary, Bravo-Aranda, Juan Antonio, additional, Collaud Coen, Martine, additional, Guerrero-Rascado, Juan Luis, additional, Costa, Maria João, additional, Cimini, Domenico, additional, O’Connor, Ewan J., additional, Hervo, Maxime, additional, Alados-Arboledas, Lucas, additional, Jiménez-Portaz, María, additional, Mona, Lucia, additional, Ruffieux, Dominique, additional, Illingworth, Anthony, additional, and Haeffelin, Martial, additional

Published
2022
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28. L'institut Pierre-Simon Laplace

Author

Claveau, Tiphaine, primary, Vautard, Robert, additional, Sabouraud, Valérie, additional, Haeffelin, Martial, additional, Boucher, Olivier, additional, Dupont, Jean-Charles, additional, and Braconnot, Pascale, additional

Published
2022
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29. Une campagne de mesures sur le climat urbain et la qualité de l'air de la région parisienne

Author

Masson, Valéry, primary, Lemonsu, Aude, additional, Martinet, Pauline, additional, Denjean, Cyrielle, additional, Boissard, Christophe, additional, Cantrell, Chris, additional, Michoud, Vincent, additional, Gros, Valérie, additional, Haeffelin, Martial, additional, Kotthaus, Simone, additional, Leymarie, Juliette, additional, Madelin, Malika, additional, and Price, Jeremy, additional

Published
2022
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33. Response of atmospheric composition to COVID-19 lockdown measures during spring in the Paris region (France)

Author

Petit, Jean-Eudes, primary, Dupont, Jean-Charles, additional, Favez, Olivier, additional, Gros, Valérie, additional, Zhang, Yunjiang, additional, Sciare, Jean, additional, Simon, Leila, additional, Truong, François, additional, Bonnaire, Nicolas, additional, Amodeo, Tanguy, additional, Vautard, Robert, additional, and Haeffelin, Martial, additional

Published
2021
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34. Sensitivity to the sources of uncertainties in the modeling of atmospheric CO2 concentration within and in the vicinity of Paris

Author

Lian, Jinghui, Bréon, François-Marie, Broquet, Grégoire, Lauvaux, Thomas, Zheng, Bo, Ramonet, Michel, Xueref-Remy, Irène, Kotthaus, Simone, Haeffelin, Martial, Ciais, Philippe, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-RAMCES (ICOS-RAMCES), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), This work was supported by the PhD pro-gram funded by the IDEX Paris-Saclay, ANR-11-IDEX-0003-02, together with Harris Corporation. The instrumentation of theJUS site was funded by the SNO ICOS-France Atmosphère, Na-tional Research Agency (ANR, CO2-MEGAPARIS project 2009–2013, grant no. ANR-09-BLAN-0222-03), Ville de Paris (Le CO2Parisien project 2013–2016, grant of the Paris 2030 program no.2013 DDEEES 216), and Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (MULTI-CO2 project, 2013–2016, grant of the IPSL 2013 research program).The COU equipment was funded by ANR (CO2-MEGAPARISproject, 2009–2013, grant no. ANR-09-BLAN-0222-03) and EUClimate-KIC (CarboCount City project, 2012–2016, grant of the2012 Climate-KIC program of the European Institute of Technol-ogy). The latter also funded the OVSQ and AND sites. The Saclaystation is funded by the SNO ICOS-France Atmosphère., ANR-09-BLAN-0222,CO2-MEGAPARIS,Quantification des émissions de CO2 en Ile-de-France(2009), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract

The top-down atmospheric inversion method that couples atmospheric CO2 observations with an atmospheric transport model has been used extensively to quantify CO2 emissions from cities. However, the potential of the method is limited by several sources of misfits between the measured and modeled CO2 that are of different origins than the targeted CO2 emissions. This study investigates the critical sources of errors that can compromise the estimates of the city-scale emissions and identifies the signal of emissions that has to be filtered when doing inversions. A set of 1-year forward simulations is carried out using the WRF-Chem model at a horizontal resolution of 1 km focusing on the Paris area with different anthropogenic emission inventories, physical parameterizations, and CO2 boundary conditions. The simulated CO2 concentrations are compared with in situ observations from six continuous monitoring stations located within Paris and its vicinity. Results highlight large nighttime model–data misfits, especially in winter within the city, which are attributed to large uncertainties in the diurnal profile of anthropogenic emissions as well as to errors in the vertical mixing near the surface in the WRF-Chem model. The nighttime biogenic respiration to the CO2 concentration is a significant source of modeling errors during the growing season outside the city. When winds are from continental Europe and the CO2 concentration of incoming air masses is influenced by remote emissions and large-scale biogenic fluxes, differences in the simulated CO2 induced by the two different boundary conditions (CAMS and CarbonTracker) can be of up to 5 ppm. Nevertheless, our results demonstrate the potential of our optimal CO2 atmospheric modeling system to be utilized in atmospheric inversions of CO2 emissions over the Paris metropolitan area. We evaluated the model performances in terms of wind, vertical mixing, and CO2 model–data mismatches, and we developed a filtering algorithm for outliers due to local contamination and unfavorable meteorological conditions. Analysis of model–data misfit indicates that future inversions at the mesoscale should only use afternoon urban CO2 measurements in winter and suburban measurements in summer. Finally, we determined that errors related to CO2 boundary conditions can be overcome by including distant background observations to constrain the boundary inflow or by assimilating CO2 gradients of upwind–downwind stations rather than by assimilating absolute CO2 concentrations.

Published
2021

40. Meteorology-driven variability of air pollution (PM₁) revealed with explainable machine learning

Author

Stirnberg, Roland, Cermak, Jan, Kotthaus, Simone, Haeffelin, Martial, Andersen, Hendrik, Fuchs, Julia, Kim, Miae, Petit, Jean-Eudes, and Favez, Olivier

Subjects
Earth sciences, ddc:550
Abstract

Air pollution, in particular high concentrations of particulate matter smaller than 1 µm in diameter (PM1), continues to be a major health problem, and meteorology is known to substantially influence atmospheric PM concentrations. However, the scientific understanding of the ways in which complex interactions of meteorological factors lead to high-pollution episodes is inconclusive. In this study, a novel, data-driven approach based on empirical relationships is used to characterize and better understand the meteorology-driven component of PM1 variability. A tree-based machine learning model is set up to reproduce concentrations of speciated PM1 at a suburban site southwest of Paris, France, using meteorological variables as input features. The model is able to capture the majority of occurring variance of mean afternoon total PM1 concentrations (coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.58), with model performance depending on the individual PM1 species predicted. Based on the models, an isolation and quantification of individual, season-specific meteorological influences for process understanding at the measurement site is achieved using SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) regression values. Model results suggest that winter pollution episodes are often driven by a combination of shallow mixed layer heights (MLHs), low temperatures, low wind speeds, or inflow from northeastern wind directions. Contributions of MLHs to the winter pollution episodes are quantified to be on average ∼5 µg/m3 for MLHs below

Published
2021

43. Supplementary material to &quot;Response of atmospheric composition to COVID-19 lockdown measures during Spring in the Paris region (France)&quot;

Author

Petit, Jean-Eudes, primary, Dupont, Jean-Charles, additional, Favez, Olivier, additional, Gros, Valérie, additional, Zhang, Yunjiang, additional, Sciare, Jean, additional, Simon, Leïla, additional, Truong, François, additional, Bonnaire, Nicolas, additional, Amodeo, Tanguy, additional, Vautard, Robert, additional, and Haeffelin, Martial, additional

Published
2021
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45. Modélisation de la composition chimique de la troposphère avec CHIMERE

Author

Dupont, Jean-Charles, Haeffelin, Martial, Gros, Valérie, Petit, Jean-Eudes, Favez, Olivier, Menut, Laurent, Bessagnet, Bertrand, Khvorostyanov, Dmitry, Turquety, Solène, MONGE, Jean-Louis, VALARI, Myrto, Vautard, Robert, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract

International audience; 91128 Palaiseau Cedex (2) Institut national de l'environnement industriel et des risques (INERIS), Division des risques chroniques-Verneuil-en-Halatte, France.

Published
2020

47. Atmospheric boundary layer height from ground-based remote sensing: a review of capabilities and limitations.

Author

Kotthaus, Simone, Antonio Bravo-Aranda, Juan, Collaud Coen, Martine, Luis Guerrero-Rascado, Juan, João Costa, Maria, Cimini, Domenico, O'Connor, Ewan J., Hervo, Maxime, Alados-Arboledas, Lucas, Jiménez-Portaz, María, Mona, Lucia, Ruffieux, Dominique, Illingworth, Anthony, and Haeffelin, Martial

Subjects
ATMOSPHERIC boundary layer, REMOTE sensing, NUMERICAL weather forecasting, SURFACE of the earth, MICROWAVE radiometers, HUMIDITY
Abstract

The atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) height defines the volume of air within which heat, moisture and pollutants released at the Earth's surface are rapidly diluted. Despite the importance for air quality interpretation, numerical weather prediction, greenhouse gas assessment and renewable energy applications, amongst others, quantitative knowledge on the temporal and spatial variation in ABL height is still scarce. With continuous profiling of the entire ABL vertical extent at high temporal and vertical resolution now increasingly possible due to recent advances in ground-based remote sensingmeasurement technology and algorithm development, there are also dense measurement networks emerging across Europe and other parts of the world. To effectively monitor the spatial and temporal evolution of the ABL continuously at continent-scale, harmonised operations and data processing are key. Autonomous ground-based remote sensing instruments, such as microwave radiometers, radar wind profilers, Doppler wind lidars or automatic lidars and ceilometers, each offer different capabilities. The overarching objective of this review is to emphasize how these instruments are best exploited with informed network design, algorithm implementation, and data interpretation. A summary of the capability and limitations of each instrument type is provided together with a review of the vast number of retrieval methods developed for ABL height detection from different atmospheric quantities (temperature, humidity, wind, turbulence, aerosol). It is outlined how the diurnal evolution of the ABL can be monitored effectively with a combination of methods, highlighting where instrument or methodological synergy promise to be particularly valuable. To demonstrate the vast potential of increased ABL monitoring efforts, long-term observational studies are reviewed summarising our current understanding of ABL height variations. The review emphasizes that harmonised data acquisition and careful data processing are key to obtaining high-quality products, which are essential to capture the spatial and temporal complexity of the lowest part of the atmosphere in which we live and breathe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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49. First year of real-time VOC measurements at the SIRTA facility (Paris region, France): diurnal and seasonal variabilities, impact of lockdowns on air quality

Author

Simon, Leïla, primary, Gros, Valérie, additional, Petit, Jean-Eudes, additional, Truong, François, additional, Sarda-Esteve, Roland, additional, Baisnee, Dominique, additional, Bonnaire, Nicolas, additional, Dupont, Jean-Charles, additional, Haeffelin, Martial, additional, Marchand, Caroline, additional, and Favez, Olivier, additional

Published
2021
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50. WMO Research Demonstration Project “Paris 2024 Olympic Games“ : An international initiative towards 100m-resolution meteorological and air quality forecasting in urban areas 

Author

Masson, Valéry, primary, de Coning, Estelle, additional, Baklanov, Alexander, additional, Amorim, Jorge, additional, Augros, Clotilde, additional, Bélair, Stéphane, additional, Christen, Andreas, additional, Foret, Gilles, additional, Franklin, Charmaine, additional, Gonzalez-Cruz, Jorge, additional, Grimmond, Sue, additional, Haeffelin, Martial, additional, Kotthaus, Simone, additional, Lean, Humphrey, additional, Lemonsu, Aude, additional, Leroyer, Sylvie, additional, Li, Peter, additional, Middel, Ariane, additional, Rosso, Amandine, additional, and Swerdlin, Scott, additional

Published
2021
Full Text
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