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The objectives of this research were to investigate the effect of the housing system (tie-stall and free-stall barns) on the prevalence of hoof diseases/disorders, as well as on the percentage of culling in 6,348 Holstein dairy cows from 5 farms. During the three months of research the hoof care service on all farms collected records of causes of lameness, diagnoses and treatments. Functional and corrective hoof trimming was conducted by a professional farm trimmer. When all the registered diseases/disorders were observed as a percentage (all diseases = 100%), it was noticed that both housing systems were similarly affected by the same diseases/disorders. In this regard, White Line Disease occurred in both systems in prevalence of 0.5% -1%, Toe Ulcer and Necrosis in 3% -6%, Rusterholz Ulcer / Sole Ulcer in 20% -23%, Digital Dermatitis in 18% -20%, Interdigital Hyperplasia / Tyloma in 10% -12%, Panaritium / Interdigital Phlegmon in 0.7% -0.77%, while the prevalence of Mechanical Injury was negligible and in similar amounts -0.2% -0.5%. Cows in the free-stall barns were much more burdened with Dermatitis Interdigitalis / Heel Erosion Disease (39.11%) compared to cows in the bound housing system (20.40%). In contrast, diagnosed acute, chronic and haemorrhagic Laminitis was significantly more pronounced in the tie-stall barns (18.61%) than in the free-stall barns (0.88%). In the statistical analysis conducted, statistically significantly more diseases/disorders were registered in the tie-stall system than in the free housing system (P 0.01). During the three months of the study, the average percentage of culling in the free system was 5.4%, while in the tie-stall system it was 4.9%. This difference was not statistically significant (P 0.05).

Estroza je mijaza malih preživara zoonotskog karaktera koju uzrokuju larveni oblici muve Oestrus ovis.Bolest ima kosmopolitsku distribuciju. Ženke polažu larve parazita oko i u nosne šupljine domaćina odakle one nastavljaju migraciju ka sinusima i šupljinama rogova tokom koje maturiraju. Po svom toku je obolenje hroničnog karaktera ali se može akutizovati usled velikog broja larvi i dovesti do uginuća. Terapija i preventiva estroze se vrši primenom ivermectina, doramektina, moksidektina i klozantela i dr. koji su efikasni na sve razvojne oblike larvi., Oestrosis is a myasis of small ruminants of a zoonotic character caused by the larval forms of the fly Oestrus ovis . The diseases has a cosmopolitan distribution. Females fly lay larvae of parasites around and into the nasal cavities of the host, from where they continue migrating toward the sinuses and hollows of the horns during which they are graduated. In its course, it is a chronic illness, but can be acute due to a large number of larvae and lead to death. Osteoporosis therapy and prevention is performed using ivermectin, doramectin, moxidectin and clozentel that are effective in all developmental forms of the larvae.

Primenom novih tehnologija u intenzivnoj proizvodnji u mlečnom govedarstvu sa ciljem povećanja proizvodnje mleka po grlu, dolazi i do neizbežnih grešaka u samom procesu odgajanja, brige i nege iživotinja. Uslovi držanja, ishrana, reprodukcija, kao bitni činioci u forsiranoj proizvodnji samo su neke od osetljivih tačaka tokom trke za povećanje profitabilnosti. Stanište u kojem odgajamo i eksploatišemo muzna grla, je u velikoj meri bitan činilac za opšte stanje svake životinje. Zatvorene štale, sa betonskom podlogom i vezani sistem držanja krava u velikoj meri doprinosi razvoju različitih bolesti papaka. Uticaj ishrane kao i tipične bolesti muznih grla takođe su jedan od okidača za razvoj bolesti papaka, kao i genetska predispozicija. Iz ovoga zaključujemo da je mnogo faktora na koje se mora obratiti pažnja tokom procesa proizvodnje., To the inevitable mistakes in animal care and breeding process come by applying new technologies on the intensive dairy cattle production with purpose to increase milk production to every cow. Conditions of keeping, feeding, reproduction as important factors in the intensive production are just some of the weak points during the race to increase the profitability of every cow. The habitat, in which we breed and exploit dairy cattle, is largely an important factor of general condition of cattle. Indoor stables, concrete floor, and keeping cattle in tied system significantly contribute to the development of various hooves diseases. The influence of feeding as well as typical diseases of dairy cattle is one of the triggers of various hooves diseases, and genetic predisposition also. This leads us to the conclusion that during the production process one must pay attention to many factors.

Šuga koza je kontagiozno oboljenje, većinom hroničnog toka, koje se karakteriše svrabom i kožnim promenama. Za šugu možemo reći da predstavlja jedno od najčešćih ektoparazitskih oboljenja koza. Šugu koza uzrokuju Sarcoptes scabiei var. capra, Chorioptes bovis var.caprae i Psoroptes equi var. caprae. Kod koza je najznačajnija sarkoptes šuga, dok su psoroptes i horioptes šuga manje značajne. U radu je dat prikaz sve tri vrste šuge sa opisom uzročnika i patološkim delovanjem kao i merama preventive i terapije., Scabies is a contagious skin disease, usually chronic course, characterized by itching and skin changes. For scabies can be said to be one of the most common skin disease ectoparasites. Goat scabies were caused by Sarcoptes scabiei var. capra, Chorioptes bovis var.caprae and Psoroptes equi var. caprae. The most importance mite in goats was sarcoptes while psoroptes, and chorioptes mite less significant. This paper presents three types of mange, describing mites and its pathological actions and measures of prevention and control.

Oboljenja papaka predstavljaju veliki problem savremene intezivne govedarske proizvodnje sa aspekata zootehnike, zdravstvene zaštite životinja i agroekonomije. Odeljenje za funkcionalnu obradu papaka PKB Korporacije obavlja korekciju dužine papaka na 9000 krava holštajn-frizijske rase, tretira uočena oboljenja papaka i predlaže preventivne mere u cilju njihovog suzbijanja. Prikupljeni podaci odeljenja za funkcionalnu obradu papaka PKB Korporacije iz 2010. i 2011. godine se poklapaju sa zaključcima iz literature da pojava laminitisa papaka goveda uz neadekvatne uslove držanja predstavlja inkubator za druga kompleksnija oboljenja papaka goveda. Jedini pravilan pristup ovom problemu je podizanje nivoa biotehničkog razmišljanja svih zaposlenih u govedarskoj proizvodnji, poseban akcenat na kvalitet hraniva i izbalansiranost obroka za svaku proizvodnu jedinku, uz niz preventivnih mera i postupaka sistematskim tretiranjem svih patoloških promena na papku odmah po dijagnosticiranju., Hoof diseases are a big problem of modern intensive livestock production with zootechnical aspects, animal health care and agricultural economics. Department for processing functional hoof PKB Corporation’s activities hoof length correction at 9000 Holstein-Friesian. Spotted treats diseases of the hoof and suggests preventive measures for their control. Collected data processing departments for functional hoof PKB Corporation in 2010. and 2011. The conclusions are consistent with the literature that bovine laminitis hoof with inadequate conditions of keeping is an incubator for other more complex diseases of cattle hooves. The only proper approach to this problem is to raise the level of thinking of all employees biotechnology in cattle production, special emphasis on the quality and balance of nutrients for each meal for specimen productive number, preventive measures and procedures to systematic treatment of pathological changes in hoof immediately after diagnosis.

Oboljenja papaka predstavljaju veliki problem savremene intenzivne govedarske proizvodnje sa aspekata zootehnike, zdravstvene zaštite životinja i agroekonomije. Odeljenje za funkcionalnu obradu papaka PKB Korporacije obavlja korekciju dužine papaka na 9000 krava Holštajn-frizijske rase, tretira uočena oboljenja papaka i predlaže preventivne mere u cilju njihovog suzbijanja. Analiza prikupljenih podataka ovog odeljenja za 2010. i 2011. godinu poklapa se sa zaključcima iz literature da bakterijski uzročnici dermatitisa digitalisa i dermatitisa interdigitalisa u uslovima povišene temperature i vlažnosti vazduha podižu broj obolelih grla u toplom periodu godine i da pojava laminitisa papaka goveda uz neadekvatne uslove držanja, neposredno utiče na povećan broj obolelih grla sa dijagnostikovanim Ruserholcovim čirom. Najefikasniji način suzbijanja obolenja papaka i smanjenja gubitaka koje ona prouzrokuju u uslovima intenzivne govedarske proizvodnje su preventivne mere i postupci, kao i podizanje nivoa biotehničkog razmišljanja kod svih zaposlenih u govedarskoj proizvodnji, dok kurativa sanira probleme kod obolelih grla ali ne eliminiše gubitke proizvođača., Claw diseases were one of important causality of appreciate of production at farm condition from zootechnic, health and environmental condition and economic. At PKB Corporation Department to functional claw control process usually control and cure claw of 9000 Holstein Frisian milky cow. Analysis of collected data show that bacterial agents at stable condition of humidity and temperature induced occurrence of dermatitis interdigitalis and dermatitis digitalis and during hot period occurrence of Ruserholco ulcus. Most efficacy prevention measures like hygienic measures which we prevent entry of infectious agents by farms worker and visitors were necessarily at prevention of diseases. Inadequate implementation of that measures may induced increased of sicken animals and economic looses of production.

Dikrocelioza je akutno ili hronično oboljenje, izazvano malim metiljem Dicrocoelium dendriticum. Pojava i održavanje oboljenja vezani su za pašne uslove držanja životinja, koje se odvija na terenima gde postoje uslovi za razvoj prelaznih domaćina pužića iz rodova Zebrina, Hellicela i dr. i mrava iz rodova Formica and Proformica. Najraširenija je kod ovaca, koza i goveda. Dikrocelioza je zoonoza., Distomatosis are acute and chronical diseases caused by fluke Dicrocoelium dendriticum,. They originated are at pasture areas where lived intermediate host of parasites, snail of genus Zebrina, Hellicela and etc. and ants of genus Formica and Proformica. They usually spread at small ruminants and cattle. Distomatosis is zoonotic diseases.

Hidatidoza je teška i podmukla parazitska bolest ljudi i životinja. Ovo obolenje uzrokuju larveni oblici pantljičara Echinococcus spp. Svake godine broj obolelih životinja i ljudi raste geometrijskom progresijom. Štete nastale usled hidatidoze su direktne i indirektne a izuzetno su velike na globalnom nivou. O raširenosti ehinokokoza/hidatiza u Srbiji nema validnih podataka za poslednjih 20 godina., Hydatidosis are seriously zoonotic disease caused by larvar stages of Echinococcus spp. Prevalence increased every years all around the world. Demages caused by hydatidosis are direct and indirect. Prevalence of echinoccocosis/hydatidosis in Serbia at last 20 years are unknown.