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Corporate Social Responsibility and its proper implementation entail that organizations are not just driven by the quest for economic gain or a good reputation, but that they are deliberate with positively affecting the lives of the members of their host communities. The study investigated the Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Internally Displaced Persons in North-East, Nigeria. Also other objectives includes to examine the impact of social responsibility on Internally Displaced Children in North East, Nigeria, and to evaluate the impact of economic responsibility on internally displaced elderly persons in North East. The researcher adopted the cross sectional research design and structured questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection. The simple random sampling technique was adopted in the study. Data analysis was committed to descriptive statistics of mean and percentages as well as correlation and regression analysis. The results showed that Social responsibility does have positive impact on Internally Displaced Children in North East, Nigeria; Economic responsibility does have positive impact on internally displaced elderly persons in North East, Nigeria. The study concludes corporate social responsibility has emerged as a form of sustainability governance with advantages to the economic, environment and social progress of the Internally Displaced Person’s at 5% level of significance. It was recommended that corporate social responsibility of the companies should be more environmentally demanded rather than Marjory from angle of ethical consideration and philanthropic obligations.

Background and aims STRONG-HF showed that rapid up-titration of guideline-recommended medical therapy (GRMT), in a high intensity care (HIC) strategy, was associated with better outcomes compared to usual care (UC). The aim of this study was to assess the role of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) at baseline and its changes early during up-titration. Methods A total of 1077 patients hospitalized for acute heart failure (HF) and with a >10% NT-proBNP decrease from screening (i.e. admission) to randomization (i.e. pre-discharge), were included. Patients in HIC were stratified by further NT-proBNP changes from randomization to 1 week later as decreased (≥30% decrease), stable (10% increase). The primary endpoint was 180-day HF readmission or death. Results The effect of HIC vs. UC was independent of baseline NT-proBNP. Patients in the HIC group with stable or increased NT-proBNP were older, with more severe acute HF and worse renal and liver function. Per protocol, patients with increased NT-proBNP received more diuretics and were up-titrated more slowly during the first weeks after discharge. However, by 6 months they reached 70.4% optimal GRMT doses, compared with 80.3% for those with NT-proBNP decrease. As a result, the primary endpoint at 60 and 90 days occurred in 8.3% and 11.1% of patients with increased NT-proBNP vs 2.2% and 4.0% in those with decreased NT-proBNP (p=0.039 and p=0.045, respectively). However, no difference in outcome was found at 180 days (13.5% vs. 13.2%; p=0.93). Conclusions Among patients with acute HF enrolled in STRONG-HF, HIC reduced 180-day HF readmission or death regardless of baseline NT-proBNP. GRMT up-titration early post-discharge utilizing increased NT-proBNP as guidance to increase diuretic therapy and reduce the GRMT up-titration rate resulted in the same 180-day outcomes regardless of early post-discharge NT-proBNP change.

In Nigeria, despite the enormous contribution of Micro, Small, and Medium Scale Enterprises (MSMEs) to agriculture, the sector is still plagued with several funding constraints. This study investigates the effect of enterprise management on the performance of Micro, Small, and Medium Scale poultry farming in North Central Nigeria. The study utilized mixed methods research design based on a population of five hundred and six (506) registered livestock farmers across the six North Central States from which a multi-stage sample of 223 participants were selected using Taro Yamane’s formula. The data collected through a well-structured questionnaire was analyzed via regression analysis at 5% level of significance. The result shows that these variables, strategic orientation, management structure, entrepreneurial culture, commitment to opportunity and resources orientation all have a significant positive relationship with business growth, profitability and sustainability of MSM Poultry farmers. It was also found that strategic orientation has a significant positive effect on business growth. Also, management structure was found to exert a positive significant effect on profitability. Finally, it was established that government subsidies is a common denominator used in promoting business sustainability for young graduate poultry farmers. The study submitted that enterprise management plays a significant role in promoting economic the growth of poultry farming operating in the agricultural sector. It was recommended that financial and technical support should be provided for MSMEs across sectors especially those into poultry farming. Also, the government should provide conducive macroeconomic condition for the creation of decent jobs through the Agricultural sector.

Nigeria has the highest incidence of peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) in the world. However, data on PPCM-related outcomes are limited.The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical profile, myocardial remodeling, and survival of patients with PPCM in Nigeria.This study consecutively recruited 244 PPCM patients (median 7 months postpartum) at 14 sites in Nigeria and applied structured follow-up for a median of 17 months (interquartile range: 14 to 20 months). Left ventricular reverse remodeling (LVRR) was defined as the composite of left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic dimension 33 mm/mOverall, 45 (18.7%) patients died during follow-up. Maternal age 20 years (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.40; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.27 to 4.54), hypotension (HR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.02 to 3.43), tachycardia (HR: 2.38; 95% CI: 1.05 to 5.43), and LVEF 25% at baseline (HR: 2.11; 95% CI: 1.12 to 3.95) independently predicted mortality. Obesity (HR: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.55) and regular use of beta-blockers at 6-month follow-up (HR: 0.20; 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.41) were independently associated with reduced risk for mortality. In total, 48 patients (24.1%) achieved LVRR and 45 (22.6%) achieved LV full recovery. LVEF 25% at baseline (HR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.47 to 0.92) and regular use of beta-blockers at 6-month follow-up (HR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.17 to 2.25) independently determined the risk for LV full recovery. Progressive reverse remodeling of all cardiac chambers was observed. In total, 18 patients (7.4%) were hospitalized during the study.This is the largest study of PPCM in Africa. Consistent with late presentations, the mortality rate was high, whereas frequencies of LVRR and LV full recovery were low. Several variables predicted poor outcomes, and regular use of beta-blockers correlated with late survival and LV functional recovery.

Background Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is common in North-West Nigeria and many affected patients have selenium deficiency. It is not known whether asymptomatic cardiac dysfunction related to selenium deficiency commonly starts during pregnancy in the region. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic dysfunction in apparently healthy pregnant women and if there is relationship with serum selenium, in a society with high prevalence of PPCM. Methods This was a prospective longitudinal study carried out in 3 centres in Kano, Nigeria. 108 apparently healthy pregnant women were consecutively recruited between the 28th and 38th weeks of gestation and re-evaluated at the 6th to 8th weeks postpartum. Serum selenium was measured at enrolment during pregnancy. LV systolic dysfunction was defined as LV ejection fraction (LVEF) below 50% and LV diastolic dysfunction was defined and graded according to the recommendations of the American Society of Echocardiography. Results LV systolic dysfunction and diastolic dysfunction were found in 6 subjects (5.6%) and 20 subjects (18.5%) during pregnancy, and in 9 subjects (10.2%) (p=0.340) and 14 (15.9%) (p=0.631) of them after delivery, respectively. Mean LVEF was 62.2±6.9% and 60.6±8.2% (p=0.108) during pregnancy and after delivery respectively. Mean LV end-diastolic dimension measured during pregnancy (48.6±4.9mm) was not significantly different to what was obtained after delivery (47.2±6.9mm) (P=0.099). Mean left atrial size (37.0±4.8mm Vs 35.2±4.8mm; p

Background: There is a paucity of evidence for dose and pace of up-titration of guideline-directed medical therapies after admission to hospital for acute heart failure.Methods: In this multinational, open-label, randomised, parallel-group trial (STRONG-HF), patients aged 18–85 years admitted to hospital with acute heart failure, not treated with full doses of guideline-directed drug treatment, were recruited from 87 hospitals in 14 countries. Before discharge, eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1), stratified by left ventricular ejection fraction (≤40% vs >40%) and country, with blocks of size 30 within strata and randomly ordered sub-blocks of 2, 4, and 6, to either usual care or high-intensity care. Usual care followed usual local practice, and high-intensity care involved the up-titration of treatments to 100% of recommended doses within 2 weeks of discharge and four scheduled outpatient visits over the 2 months after discharge that closely monitored clinical status, laboratory values, and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentrations. The primary endpoint was 180-day readmission to hospital due to heart failure or all-cause death. Efficacy and safety were assessed in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population (ie, all patients validly randomly assigned to treatment). The primary endpoint was assessed in all patients enrolled at hospitals that followed up patients to day 180. Because of a protocol amendment to the primary endpoint, the results of patients enrolled on or before this amendment were down-weighted. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03412201, and is now complete.Findings: Between May 10, 2018, and Sept 23, 2022, 1641 patients were screened and 1078 were successfully randomly assigned to high-intensity care (n=542) or usual care (n=536; ITT population). Mean age was 63·0 years (SD 13·6), 416 (39%) of 1078 patients were female, 662 (61%) were male, 832 (77%) were White or Caucasian, 230 (21%) were Black, 12 (1%) were other races, one (Interpretation: An intensive treatment strategy of rapid up-titration of guideline-directed medication and close follow-up after an acute heart failure admission was readily accepted by patients because it reduced symptoms, improved quality of life, and reduced the risk of 180-day all-cause death or heart failure readmission compared with usual care.Funding: Roche Diagnostics.

International audience; No abstract available

Aims The prospective, multicentre Peripartum Cardiomyopathy in Nigeria (PEACE) registry originally demonstrated a high prevalence of peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) among patients originating from Kano, North‐West Nigeria. In a post hoc analysis, we sought to determine if this phenomenon was characterized by a differential case profile and outcome among PPCM cases originating elsewhere. Methods and results Overall, 199 (81.6%) of a total 244 PPCM patients were recruited from three sites in Kano, compared with 45 patients (18.4%) from 11 widely dispersed centres across Nigeria. Presence and extent of ventricular myocardial remodelling during follow‐up, relative to baseline status, were assessed by echocardiography. During median 17 months follow‐up, Kano patients demonstrated significantly better myocardial reverse remodelling than patients from other sites. Overall, 50.6% of patients from Kano versus 28.6% from other regions were asymptomatic (P = 0.029) at study completion, with an accompanying difference in all‐cause mortality (17.6% vs. 22.2% respectively, P = 0.523) not reaching statistical significance. Alternatively, 135/191 (84.9%) of Kano patients had selenium deficiency (

Background Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) seems to have varied epidemiology within and between countries. We recently reported that Kano (North-West Nigeria) has the highest known incidence of PPCM in the world, but the clinical profiles of the patients by regions have not been previously reported. In this study, we aimed to describe the regional differences (if any) in the clinical profiles of patients with PPCM in Nigeria. Methods We consecutively recruited 244 PPCM patients over 9 months from 3 hospitals in Kano (n=199; 81.6%) and from 11 hospitals spread across the North-Central, South-West, South-East and South-South zones (n=45; 18.4%) of Nigeria. Results The baseline characteristics of the patients are summarised in Table 1. 35 (17.6%) patients in Kano and 10 (23.2%) patients in other zones died (p=0.0523) after a median of 17 months. Conclusion PPCM patients in Kano were younger, had lower socio-economic status, presented to hospitals later, were less symptomatic, had larger sizes of cardiac chambers, worse right ventricular systolic function, higher pulmonary artery systolic pressure and were receiving less treatment at enrolment, than those in other zones in Nigeria. This information will be used for advocacy and interactions with healthcare providers. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Private company. Main funding source(s): Dantata Group of Companies (Nigeria). Ammasco International Ltd. (Nigeria). Fortune Oil Mills Nigeria Ltd.

Background We studied the efficacy and safety of selenium supplementation in patients who had peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) and selenium deficiency. Methods We randomly assigned 100 PPCM patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) Results Over a median of 19 months, the primary outcome occurred in 36 of 46 patients (78.3%) in the selenium group and in 43 of 54 patients (79.6%) in the control group (hazard ratio [HR] 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.43–1.09; p = 0.113). Persistence of HF symptoms occurred in 18 patients (39.1%) in the selenium group and in 37 patients (68.5%) in the control group (HR 0.53; 95% CI 0.30–0.93; p = 0.006). LVEF p = 0.944). Death from any cause occurred in 3 patients (6.5%) in the selenium group and in 9 patients (16.7%) in the control group (HR 0.37; 95% CI 0.10–1.37; p = 0.137). Conclusions In this study, selenium supplementation did not reduce the risk of the primary outcome, but it significantly reduced HF symptoms, and there was a trend towards a reduction of all-cause mortality. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03081949.

Background Cardiopulmonary disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in persons with sickle cell disease (SCD). Tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity (TRJV) and predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1%) predicted are independently associated with death in SCD. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of elevated TRJV and the association, if any, between TRJV and FEV1% predicted among persons with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) in Nigeria. Methods Using a cross-sectional design, we enrolled 100 adult Nigerians (≥15 y) with SCA. We screened participants using Doppler echocardiogram to determine their TRJV and assessed their lung function with spirometry. Results The prevalence of elevated TRJV was 6%, with 74% of participants having low FEV1% predicted (

Introduction: Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a common clinical condition in northern Nigeria. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of PPCM among women with heart failure referred for echocardiography. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of 401 women managed for heart failure referred for echocardiography between October 2016 and September 2017. Their reports were analyzed for demographic and echocardiographic parameters. Results: The mean age of the 401 individuals studied was 41.28 ± 16.25 years. The commonest cause of heart failure was PPCM, accounting for 256 (69.5%), followed by hypertension 79 (19.7%) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) 24 (5.9%). Conclusion: PPCM is a common and important cause of heart failure among women in Northern Nigeria.

Introduction: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is chronic, inherited haemoglobin disorder, associated with chronic tissue ischemia which may adversely affect any organ system. Chronic anaemia in SCD results in cardiac chamber dilatation with compensatory increase in left ventricular mass and varying degree of diastolic dysfunction that has been a strong independent predictor of mortality in patients with SCD. There is paucity of echocardiographic studies on adults Nigerians with SCD. This study therefore, aimed to assess left ventricular systolic and diastolic function among sickle cell disease patients in Kano State, North-Western Nigeria. Methods: The study was cross-sectional and comparative conducted at the SCD clinic and Medical/outpatient (MOP) clinic of Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital (MMSH), on eligible patients aged 13 years and above. One hundred patients with SCD (HbSS) were recruited as the study group while 100 non SCD (HbAA) patients, matched for age and sex served as controls. Left and right atrial and ventricular dimensions, left ventricular (LV) wall thickness, LV mass index and LV contractility variables were obtained. Parameters of LV diastolic function were also evaluated. Results: There were increases in the left atrial and left ventricular dimensions, left ventricular volumes and left ventricular mass (LVM) of the SCD patients. LV ejection fraction was equivalent, though there was evidence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in up to 36%. Conclusion: Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction may complicate cases adults with SCD.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Background: There is a paucity of data on the relationship between high-normal blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular events in Sub-Saharan African countries including Nigeria. This study, therefore, primarily aimed to assess cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among subjects with high-normal BP in comparison with hypertensives and subjects with optimal BP. Materials and Methods: The study was cross-sectional, and comparative conducted at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano on eligible subjects aged 18 years and above. Three groups of randomly selected subjects (high-normal, hypertensives and optimal BP) each 100 in number were studied. High-normal BP was defined as systolic BP of 130–139 mmHg and/diastolic BP 85–89 mmHg. CVD risk factors including increased age, male gender, increased body weight, history of excess alcohol intake, cigarette smoking, sedentary lifestyle, family history of premature CVD, hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM) were assessed and compared between the groups. Results: The most prevalent CVD risk factor was increased body weight found among 58% of subjects with high-normal BP, 63% of hypertensives and 16% of subjects with optimal BP. The study found a significant progressive increase in age, body weight, DM, dyslipidemia and sedentary lifestyle as BP increased across the groups (P < 0.05 for each variable). Conclusions: Subjects with high-normal BP had significantly higher CVD risk factors than those with optimal BP but significantly lower than for hypertensives. Age, body mass index and FBG were independent predictors of high-normal BP.

Background: Cardiovascular abnormalities are important causes of morbidity and mortality in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients. Data on electrocardiography (ECG) changes in SCD are lacking in Kano, Northwest Nigeria. This study, therefore, aimed to identify the pattern of ECG changes in steady state adult sickle cell patients. Methodology: A case–control cross-sectional study was conducted among SCD patients attending the sickle cell clinic in Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital, Kano. One hundred SCD patients were consecutively recruited and compared with 100 age- and sex-matched controls. All consenting participants had hemoglobin (Hb) electrophoresis and were subjected to electrocardiography. Results: The mean age of the cases is 20.98 ± 5.74 years, whereas that of the controls was 22.31 ± 3.27 years, P = 0.047. Among the cases, 57% were male, whereas in the control group, 55% were male (P = 0.443). The mean body mass index (BMI) for the cases was 18.14 ± 3.57 kg/m2, whereas that of the control was 22.74 ± 2.18 kg/m2, P Conclusion: ECG abnormalities are common in SCD patients and early identification would lead to early intervention to prevent cardiac events.

Introduction : The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, determinants and correlates of right ventricular (RV) systolic and diastolic dysfunction (RVSD and RVDD, respectively) in hypertensives, stratified by left ventricular (LV) geometric patterns. Methods : The study was carried out in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital in Kano, Nigeria, and was cross-sectional in design. Hypertensive subjects referred for echocardiography were consecutively recruited after satisfying the inclusion criteria. RVSD was defined as either tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) of < 16 mm, or peak velocity of the systolic wave (Sm) in tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) of the RV lateral tricuspid annulus of < 10 cm/s, or both. RVDD was defined as the ratio of < 1.0 of the peak velocities of the early (Em) to late (Am) diastolic waves in the TDI of the RV lateral tricuspid annulus. Subjects with normal LV geometry (NG) served as controls, and were compared with those who had eccentric (EH) or concentric (CH) LV hypertrophy or concentric LV remodelling. Results : A total of 128 subjects were recruited. Overall, the prevalence of RVDD almost doubled that of RVSD in the studied subjects (61.72 vs 32.03%, respectively). Subjects with EH had the highest prevalence of RVSD (52.63%), while those with CH had the lowest prevalence (20.69%) (p < 0.01). By contrast, the prevalence of RVDD was high across the four groups without significant statistical difference; as high as 68.52% in subjects with NG and as low as 42.86% in those with CR. LVEF was the only independent determinant of RVSD after controlling for confounding variables, while age was the only determinant of RVDD. Likewise, age was the only correlate for Em:Am ratio, while the best correlate for both TAPSE and Sm was LVEF. Conclusion : The study has revealed that about two-thirds of the hypertensives had RVDD while about one-third had RVSD. Subjects with EH had the highest prevalence of RVSD, while RVDD was common across all the groups. LVEF and age were the only independent determinants of RVSD and RVDD, respectively.

Background: The long-term consequences of stroke, particularly among the young and middle-aged population in sub-Saharan Africa, constitute a major challenge to the labor work force in resource-limited settings. Previous studies have focused mainly on mortality, recurrence, and functional recovery but less on the quality of life of these patients. We sought to assess the determinants of the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of stroke survivors in Kano, Northwestern Nigeria. Material and Methods: A prospective case–control study conducted at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria over a period of 18 months where 310 (155 patients with stroke and 155 sex- and age-matched healthy controls) participants were assessed using the health-related quality of life in stroke patient-40 (HRQoLISP-40) questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify the independent predictors of global HRQoL after controlling for other covariates. Results: The overall mean global HRQoL scores among the patients with stroke and the controls were 66.1 vs. 86.1, respectively, with a mean difference of −20.0. There mean difference in the physical and spiritual spheres were −28.1 vs. −9.1, respectively. Determinants of the poor quality of life in the stroke survivors were aphasia, lesion location, and poststroke depression. Conclusion: The HRQoL among the stroke survivors was poor, which demonstrates that the determinants if effectively subjected to evidenced-based therapeutic interventions may lead to improvement in their overall functional recovery and societal reintegration.

Background: There is paucity of data on the relationship between high – normal blood pressure (BP) and target organ damage (TOD) in sub-Saharan Africa including Nigeria. This study therefore, aimed to assess target organ damage (TOD) among subjects with high – normal BP in comparison with hypertensives and subjects with optimal BP. Materials and Methods: The study was cross-sectional and comparative conducted at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano on eligible subjects aged 18 years and above. Three groups comprising of randomly selected subjects (high -normal (group 1), hypertension (group 2) and optimal BP (group 3)), with each group having 100 in number were studied. Funduscopy and relevant investigations including transthoracic echocardiography were carried out. High – normal BP was defined as systolic BP of 130 -139mmHg and/or diastolic BP of 80-89mmHg. Results: The mean age of subjects in group 1 was 27.32 ± 8.20 years and 60% were female, 34.04±6.25 years for group 2 and 53% were female, and 52.81 ± 13.3 years for group 3 and 56% were female (P = < 0.001). The most prevalent TOD was left ventricular hypertrophy, present in 62% of hypertensives, 14% of those with high-normal BP and 2% of those with optimal BP(P =

Background: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) remains a major public health problem in developing countries. Anecdotal reports across Africa show that the disease is coming less prevalent in the cities and the patients are surviving longer, although with a lot of morbidity. Between 2002 and 2006, 9.8% of 1312 patients were found to have RHD from our echocardiographic registry, with a mean age of 24 years. Therefore, we set out to review our current data for RHD to see if there are any changes in patterns of presentation in our center. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected echocardiography data between August 2010 and July 2012. The study was conducted at the Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano Nigeria. The procedure was performed with Aloka SSD 4000. The standard techniques for depicting the anatomical structures of the heart were employed. All echocardiographic procedures were performed by a cardiologist. Information obtained from the records included the age, gender, clinical diagnoses, and echocardiographic diagnoses. Prevalence and patterns were compared with previous findings. Results: During this period, a total of 1496 echocardiographic examinations were done. One hundred and four (7.0%) had RHD. There were 69 females (66.3%) and 35 males (33.7%) aged 30.7 + 14.0 years (range 12–70 years). Forty (38.5%) were aged 15–24 years. The commonest lesions were mixed mitral valve disease and aortic regurgitation (26.9%) followed by combination of mitral and aortic regurgitation (25%), and pure mitral regurgitation in 17.3%. Complications of RHD observed included secondary pulmonary hypertension (50%), left ventricular dysfunction (40.4%), atrial fibrillation (AF) (8.7%), infective endocarditis (1.9%), and intra cardiac thrombus (1.9%). Conclusion: RHD is still an important cause of cardiac morbidity. Although there is a reduction in prevalence compared to previous finding in the same center, while the patients are a bit older, they had more severe disease and still had complications at diagnosis.

There is paucity of data in Africa on the prevalence of pulmonary hypertension (PHT) and its impact on morbidity and short-term mortality in heart failure (HF) patients. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of PHT, its clinical characteristics and in-hospital mortality among HF patients admitted to a referral hospital in Nigeria.The study was carried out on serially-admitted HF patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria, in a Nigerian tertiary health center. PHT was defined as the presence of mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) of ≥25 mmHg, assessed using Doppler echocardiography and Chemla formula.A total of 80 admitted HF patients were studied serially. 53 of them (66.25%) had PHT while the remaining 27 (33.75%) had normal mPAP. mPAP was 38.31 ± 12.23 mmHg and 16.39 ± 5.48 mmHg (P0.001) for subjects with and without PHT, respectively. The most common cause of HF was hypertensive heart disease (HHD) (28 patients; 35%). Subjects with PHT had relatively lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) (P = 0.044), and larger left atrium (P = 0.036) and left ventricle (LV) at both end-diastole and end-systole (P = 0.036 and P = 0.008, respectively), and a trend toward lower LV ejection fraction (LVEF) (P = 0.053). There was no relationship between mPAP and N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide (P0.05). A total of 12 HF patients (15.0%) died, out of whom 8 (66.7%) had PHT. Cardiogenic shock (P = 0.044) and trans-mitral flow velocities ratio (P = 0.023) were the independent determinants of in-hospital mortality.PHT was common among the admitted HF patients, and was associated with worse morbidity indices, and a trend toward higher mortality. We recommend that HF patients be screened for PHT, and its presence should be taken into consideration in the management and prognostication of affected patients.