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Background and Objective: Blood-based small molecule metabolites offer easy accessibility and hold significant potential for insights into health processes, the impact of lifestyle, and genetic variation on disease, enabling precise risk prevention. In a prospective study with records of heart failure (HF) incidence, we present metabolite profiling data from individuals without HF at baseline., Methods: We uncovered the interconnectivity of metabolites using data-driven and causal networks augmented with polygenic factors. Exploring the networks, we identified metabolite broadcasters, receivers, mediators, and subnetworks corresponding to functional classes of metabolites, and provided insights into the link between metabolomic architecture and regulation in health. We incorporated the network structure into the identification of metabolites associated with HF to control the effect of confounding metabolites., Results: We identified metabolites associated with higher and lower risk of HF incidence, such as glycine, ureidopropionic and glycocholic acids, and LPC 18:2. These associations were not confounded by the other metabolites due to uncovering the connectivity among metabolites and adjusting each association for the confounding metabolites. Examples of our findings include the direct influence of asparagine on glycine, both of which were inversely associated with HF. These two metabolites were influenced by polygenic factors and only essential amino acids, which are not synthesized in the human body and are obtained directly from the diet., Conclusion: Metabolites may play a critical role in linking genetic background and lifestyle factors to HF incidence. Revealing the underlying connectivity of metabolites associated with HF strengthens the findings and facilitates studying complex conditions like HF., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Tolerance to high salinity concentrations in sorghum seems to be related to the genotype ability to avoid accumulation of harmful levels of Na+ and Cl- and to maintain adequate levels of K+ especially in shoot. In this study, the effect of salt stress (0, -0.4, -0.8, -1.2, -1.6 and -2 Mpa) on seed germination, seedling growth and Na+, K+, and Cl- concentrations of 18 sweet sorghum cultivars were evaluated. The results showed that Roce, Sumac and IS6973 cultivars had better tolerance to salt stress than other cultivars at germination stage. However, SSV84 had the highest germination percentage up to -1.6 MPa and at seedling growth stage it had the highest biomass than other cultivars. Therefore, it seems that among sweet sorghum cultivars, SSV84 was the most salt tolerant cultivar and it is suggested to be planted in salinity affected agricultural lands. In addition, IS6973 showed the highest seed germination and moderate seedling growth stage and was classified as moderate salt tolerant cultivar. Na+ and Cl- concentrations increased in shoots and roots especially in salt sensitive cultivars. Also, K+ concentration increased in salt tolerant cultivars while decreased in salt sensitive ones. Since K+/Na+ ratio concentration increased in salt tolerant cultivars and decreased in salt sensitive ones, it seems that this ratio among other parameters is a better indicatorfor selection of salt tolerant cultivars.

Sweet sorghum is adapted to the hot and dry climatic conditions and its tolerance to slat is moderately. It can be used for different products such as food, feed, fiber and fuel. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects, three nitrogen treatments, and three harvesting stages on the aconitic acid, fiber and invert sugar of three sweet sorghum cultivars in the experimental station and the results showed that the effects were significant. Among nitrogen treatments, application of 100 kg ha(-1) urea at planting and 200 kg ha(-1) urea at 4 leaf stage had the highest aconitic acid (0.26%) and invert sugar (3.44%). Among sweet sorghum cultivars, IS2325 and Vespa had the highest aconitic acid (0.26%) and invert sugar (3.86%), respectively Plant harvested at 4 leaf stage had the highest aconitic acid (0.26%) and the highest invert sugar (3.85%). Rio had higher fiber content than Vespa and IS2325 and all cultivars had the highest fiber content before chilling harvesting stage. In general, since high invert sugar and high aconitic acid interfere crystallization of sugar so, it is suggested that to plant Vespa, apply urea 100 kg ha(-1) urea at planting, 100 kg ha' urea at 4 leaf stage and 100 kg ha(-1) urea at booting and harvested before chilling that had lowest aconitic acid and invert sugar. Thereby, it is recommended to plant Vespa, apply urea 100 kg ha(-1) urea at planting, 100 kg ha(-1) urea at 4 leaf stage and 100 kg ha(-1) urea at booting and harvested at 4 leaf stage that had the highest aconitic acid.

We report a case of a previously healthy 53-year-old man who developed an intra-operative catastrophic event occurring in association with the use of hydrogen peroxide for wound irrigation following surgical debridement of a chronic osteomyelitis lesion of the humerus. It is our intention to highlight this potentially fatal consequence of hydrogen peroxide irrigation as part of bone debridement procedure. This case will serve as a reminder to orthopaedic surgeons who frequently use hydrogen peroxide in their surgical practice.