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ABSTRACT The present case report aims to describe the successful management of pulp canal obliteration (PCO) in mandibular incisors using static‐guided endodontics. A healthy 74‐year‐old man was referred by a prosthodontist for root canal treatment on teeth #31, #32, and #41. Periapical radiographs revealed the presence of periapical lesions as well as PCOs in teeth #31 and #41. After cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) evaluation, guided endodontics was selected as the treatment approach. The intraoral scan of the lower jaw and CBCT datasets were aligned and processed through image processing software to design and create a 3D‐printed guide. A virtual drill was superimposed on the scans to ensure proper access to the identified root canals. Finally, the virtually designed guide was printed using a 3D printer and accurately positioned on the teeth. The access cavities were prepared using a Munce Discovery bur. After detecting the canals, the working length was determined. Root canal preparation was performed using rotary files up to F2, followed by obturation with gutta‐percha and a bioceramic sealer. After a six‐month follow‐up, the teeth remained completely asymptomatic and functional, and the periapical radiograph showed a normal periodontal ligament space, demonstrating the effectiveness of the treatment. These results indicate that static‐guided endodontics can be an effective and predictable approach for managing PCO in mandibular incisors with some consideration. Furthermore, these results highlight the clinical implications of this approach, particularly in elderly patients or teeth with severe obliterations.

AI systems have been promised to reduce CO2 emissions, monitor biodiversity, support accessibility, or help analyse human rights violations. They are often seen as a crucial part of the solutions needed in our times ranging from addressing the climate crisis, public health, to improvement of social services, or urban planning. We find the reference to artificial intelligence (AI) in many documents and debates of the policy realm, assigning it a strong potential to contribute to all these domains. AI for the public interest, and its close relatives, AI for (common or social) good, have become a common theme not only for tech companies, but also for political actors in the EU, including for instance international NGO networks. However, most often the definition of the public interest in the best case is limited to references to AI ethics. Yet, the practical meaning of what a good use of AI and a purpose “for good” entails in its development and implementation is unclear. What is often missing is an understanding that spells out in practice what it means for the process of development and deployment of AI systems to serve the public interest, let alone a holistic view on the conditions for AI to best serve the collective well-being.

Abstract Commercial ion-exchange membranes are typically thick, possessing limited mechanical strength, and have relatively high fabrication costs. In this study, we utilize a three-layer polypropylene fabric known as Spunbond Meltblown Spunbond (SMS) as the substrate. This choice ensures that the resulting membrane exhibits high strength and low thickness. SMS substrates with various area densities, including 14.5, 15, 17, 20, 25, and 30 g/m2, were coated with different concentrations of waste polystyrene solution (ranging from 5 × 104 to 9 × 104 mg/l) before undergoing sulfonation using concentrated sulfuric acid. The physicochemical and mechanical properties of the membrane were characterized and compared with those of commercial Neosepta CMX and Nafion-117 cation-exchange membranes. Remarkably, the fabricated membrane exhibited good performance compared to commercial ones. The cation-exchange capacity (2.76 meq/g) and tensile strength (37.15 MPa) were higher, and the electrical resistance (3.603Ω) and the thickness (130 μm) were lower than the commercial membranes.

Abstract Background Several efforts have been made to improve mechanical and biological properties of calcium silicate-based cements through changes in chemical composition of the materials. This study aimed to investigate the physical (including setting time and compressive strength) and chemical (including calcium ion release, pH level) properties as well as changes in cytotoxicity of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) after the addition of 3 substances including CaCl2, Na2HPO4, and propylene glycol (PG). Methods The systematic review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Electronic searches were performed on PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases, spanning from 1993 to October 2023 in addition to manual searches. Relevant laboratory studies were included. The quality of the included studies was assessed using modified ARRIVE criteria. Meta-analyses were performed by RevMan statistical software. Results From the total of 267 studies, 24 articles were included in this review. The results of the meta-analysis indicated that addition of PG increased final setting time and Ca2+ ion release. Addition of Na2HPO4 did not change pH and cytotoxicity but reduced the final setting time. Incorporation of 5% CaCl2 reduced the setting time but did not alter the cytotoxicity of the cement. However, addition of 10% CaCl2 reduced cell viability, setting time, and compressive strength. Conclusion Inclusion of 2.5% wt. Na2HPO4 and 5% CaCl2 in MTA can be advisable for enhancing the physical, chemical, and cytotoxic characteristics of the admixture. Conversely, caution is advised against incorporating elevated concentrations of PG due to its retarding effect. Trial registration PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021253707.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of retro-cavity preconditioning with or without 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution on root surface pH as well as dislodgement resistance of NeoMTA2 and MTA Flow retro-fills. Methods: Forty-eight single-rooted human incisors were selected. After completion of endodontic treatment, root-end resections were performed, and retro-cavities were prepared. The samples were randomly divided into two groups of A and B (n = 24 each). In group A, retro-cavities were preconditioned with 2.5% NaOCl, followed by 17% EDTA solution, whereas in group B, preconditioning was performed using 2.5% NaOCl before final irrigation with normal saline. Samples in each group were randomly subdivided into two subgroups of 1 and 2. Retro-fillings in the A1 and B1 subgroups were performed with MTA Flow, and in the A2 and B2 subgroups, they were performed with NeoMTA2. Root surface pH was measured in each sample at three different stages: before preparation of retro-cavities (pH0), after retro-cavity preconditioning (pH1), and three days after retro-filling (pH2). Subsequently, the push-out bond strength (PBS) of the retro-filling materials was measured by a universal testing machine, and their failure modes were visualized under 64× magnification. Results: Preconditioning with EDTA caused a significant increase in PBS for both NeoMTA2 and MTA Flow (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the average bond strength of MTA Flow and Neo MTA2 (p = 0.271). There was a significant increase in the average pH2 compared to pH1 and pH0 across all groups (p < 0.001). Specifically, the use of EDTA led to a notable increase in the average pH2 in the MTA Flow group compared to the Neo MTA2 group (p = 0.027). Groups preconditioned with EDTA more frequently indicated a cohesive failure mode. Conclusions: The use of EDTA significantly increased the push-out bond strength of retro-fill materials to dentin. However, it did not prevent the ultimate alkalinity of retro-filled cavities.

BACKGROUND: Adolescent pregnancy is prevalent in Asian-African countries. Hence, it is critical to track the progress of research and development trends related to the topic. The study aimed to characterize published articles on teen pregnancy by measuring the authors’ country and affiliation, most relevant and cited journals, thematic research, and growth trends. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive statistics and retrospective bibliometric analysis were used. Using the Scopus database, we collected published articles from 2010 to 2023. Titles and abstracts were screened. Eligible papers were reviewed based on co-occurrence analysis. Classification and visualization of results were conducted using VOSviewer software version 1.6.17. RESULTS: A total of 369 articles were relevant and included in the review. The countries that produced the most publications were South Africa and the United States. The most relevant affiliation was with the University of Cape Town, the University of the Witwatersrand, and the University of Kwazulu-Natal. The most relevant source journals were PLOS One, Reproductive Health, and BMC Public Health. The most cited sources were Lancet, PLOS One, and AIDS Journal. Four clusters were obtained that reflect the main topics, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, child, health services, and pregnancy. The current research terms include HIV infection and maternal health services. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests more research on the term “vertical transmission, breastfeeding, and partner violence” related to teen pregnancy. In addition, this research will inspire researchers and adolescent health policymakers to expand the scope of research to solve teenage pregnancy problems based on interdisciplinary theories and methods.

The nutritional requirements of pregnant women increase with the gestational age. A low nutritional status is poor for both mothers and infants. Infant birth weight is influenced by nutritional intake during pregnancy. Therefore, multiple micronutrients (MMN) are needed for mothers during pregnancy to prevent low birth weight. This study aimed to determine the effect of MMN on infant birth weight at the Asian Waluyo Jati Clinic. The research method used a quasi-experimental design, with a posttest-only control group design involving 50 pregnant women (25 intervention and 25 control groups). This study was conducted at the Asih Waluyo Jati Clinic, Yogyakarta, in 2022. The intervention group received MMN supplementation starting in the 2nd trimester and standardized prenatal care, whereas the control group received standardized prenatal care throughout pregnancy. Both groups were monitored during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy until delivery. Data were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test. The results showed a difference in the mean birth weight of the infants in both groups (1,64 grams). MMN supplementation in the intervention group and standard pregnancy care effectively increased the infants' birth weight by 1,64 grams (p= 0,000). In conclusion, MMN supplementation increased the average birth weight of infants.

Forest and land fires in Riau are natural disasters that always repeat every time they enter the dry season. The solution of this research is to apply the leading technology of cloud computing internet of things (CC-IoT) to find out more quickly the existence of forest or land fires. This study uses Particle Argon (Photon) to connect to the internet and several IR Fire Detector sensors, DHT22 MQ2 and GPS Neo 6m. Particle Argon can receive input and perform processing so that it is connected using the CC-IoT concept to a web server so the users can monitor land conditions in real time. Based on the test results, it can be concluded that a fire detector using fire parameters (2000 = Normal and 2000 = Danger) , temperature (≤37 = Normal, 38 – 45 = Alert, and 46 = Danger), humidity (≤50 = Dry, 51 = Humid) , smoke (≤ 1700 = Normal, 1700 = Danger), and soil moisture can work well ( 3500 = Dry Moisture Content, 1500 to 3500 = Medium Moisture Content, and 1500 = High Moisture Content). The fire detection tool developed can detect fires in real time and also has a fire early detection function that is useful for anticipating land conditions to prevent fires. The results obtained from the test are that the sensor can read indications of fire, smoke, soil moisture with a success rate of 93% and send location data and sensor values to the website. The use of sensors has their respective roles so that if there is a problem with one of the sensors, the tool has an alternative sensor and can continue to function.

Background: Primary health care (PHC) is the closest institution known to people in disadvantaged areas. Aims: The study determines the policy target based on the demographic characteristics to increase PHC utilization in a disadvantaged area. Methods: The cross-sectional research explored 42,644 respondents. In addition to PHC utilization, the study examined eight independent variables: residence, gender, marital, age, wealth, insurance, education, and travel time. We employed a binary logistic regression in the last stage. Results: Live in urban areas had 1.967 more likely to utilize the PHC (95%CI 1.942-1.992). Males could be 1.412 higher than females (95%CI 1.402-1.421). All marital types had more chances than never married. All education was more likely than no education. The employed had 0.972 less likely than the unemployed (95%CI 0.965-0.980). All wealth groups had less possibility than the poorest. Those with government-run insurance were likelier than other types. The ≤10 minutes travel time was more likely than the >10 minutes. Conclusion: There were seven policy target characteristics to increase PHC use in disadvantaged areas in Indonesia: live in a rural area, female, never married, have no education, employed, not the poorest, don't have government-run insurance, and have a travel time of more than ten minutes. Keywords: disadvantaged area, healthcare evaluation, primary health care, public health

The rapid growth of power electronics-based devices, such as electric vehicles and renewable energy systems, has introduced nonlinear components into power systems, generating high-frequency harmonics that distort current and voltage waveforms. These distortions pose significant risks to the stability of power grids, potentially leading to equipment malfunctions, reduced efficiency, and even system failures. To address these challenges, advanced harmonic detection, suppression, and estimation techniques are required to ensure the reliable operation of modern power systems. This paper comprehensively reviews the most widely used methods for managing harmonic distortions, focusing on recent harmonic detection, suppression, and estimation advancements. Key techniques, such as Fourier analysis and wavelet transforms, are compared alongside emerging machine learning-based approaches and adaptive filtering methods, which offer enhanced accuracy in real-time and dynamic environments. Additionally, advancements in harmonic suppression technologies, including passive, active, and hybrid filtering, are discussed for their effectiveness in mitigating harmonic impacts. Furthermore, the paper explores harmonic aggregation techniques that assess the cumulative impact of multiple harmonic sources and innovative estimation models that improve harmonic quantification under complex grid conditions. With the growing integration of renewable energy and electric vehicles, this review highlights the importance of advanced harmonic management strategies to ensure the safety, efficiency, and long-term stability of power systems.

Background & Purpose: Emerging of biological-viral crises in a wide range such as Covid-19 has made serious issues in the field of human capital management for the organizations. In such a situation, the development of leaders so as to effectively manage employees is of great importance. Thus, the current research aims to identify leadership development strategies and investigate the its effects on army's human capital management in bio-viral crises.Methodology: This research conducted based on a mixed approach (qualitative-quantitative) and during a descriptive-exploratory study. The statistical population for the qualitative stage includes experts (senior managers of deputy of human resources of headquarters and their four forces as well as expert professors of AJA organizational universities), and for the quantitative stage, employees of the mentioned deputy of human resources with at least a bachelor's degree. Data was collected by the purposeful method up to the theoretical saturation with the number of 15 people in the qualitative stage and by stratified random sampling with 169 people by calculating Cochran's formula in the quantitative stage. The data collection tool in the first stage includes a semi-structured interview and in the second stage includes a 50-item questionnaire to measure the relationships between research variables. Qualitative data analysis conducted by thematic analysis method and quantitative data was analyzed through structural equation modeling.Findings: The findings indicated that leadership development strategies in bio-viral crises include behavioral development strategy (i.e., improving self-awareness, interpersonal cooperation, perceptual skills, leadership thinking and recognition of contributions), structural development strategy (i.e., distribution of leadership structure, segmentation of talents, value architecture and organizational structure architecture) and contextual development strategy (i.e., forecasting and analyzing the environment, promoting risk-taking, expanding effective communication with other leaders, and environmental analysis). Besides, the effectiveness of behavioral, environmental, and structural development strategies were the most effective ones to affect Army’s human capital management respectively.Conclusion: It is concluded that in order to effectively manage human resources in the upcoming bio-viral crises, it is necessary and effectual to focus on the behavioral development of commanders and managers. The developmental strategies introduced in this study could be helpful in this issue.

Objectives: Working women have complex challenges regarding parenting, giving nutrition, and raising children. This research analyses the factors related to stunting in children under two years among working mothers in Indonesia. Methods: We used a cross-sectional design method with a sample size of 2,073 children under two years. The dependent variable is nutritional status, while independent variables consist of residence, maternal age, marital status, maternal education, wealth status, children's age, gender, and early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF). We analysed the relationship between dependent and independent variables using the binary logistic regression model. Results: Children in urban areas whose mothers work were 1.116 times more likely to experience stunting than those in rural areas (95% CI, 1.107 to 1.124). Married working mothers were 1.500 times more likely than divorced mothers to have stunted children (95% CI, 1.461 to 1.540). Children aged 12–23 months whose mother work were 2.831 times more likely than those aged

The functioning of microgrids (MGs), which represent a contemporary arrangement of distribution networks featuring local control over generation and consumption, necessitates telecommunication infrastructure for transmitting and receiving measurement data and control commands. This reliance on telecommunication infrastructure renders MGs vulnerable to the threat of cyber-attacks. The existing methods for identifying cyber-attacks have been restricted solely to MG modeling. However, identifying and restoring a cyber-attack lack dependability and feasibility in a practical application without the concurrent modeling of MGs and their communication protocols. Therefore, this study aims to identify hybrid cyber-attacks (simultaneous false data injection and time delay attacks) to flow sensors and cyber links in direct flow MGs by considering the communication protocols between them, as well as extracting and reconstructing real measurement data. In order to achieve this objective, a generalized unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is introduced in conjunction with communication protocols incorporating an augmented state space to estimate the power of nonlinear loads. For this purpose, two measurement models have been developed to prevent data collisions and reduce the communication load. These models are based on the round-robin scheduling protocol and the try-once-discard weighted protocol. They aim to establish a specific order for data transfer from sensors to the filter. The article concludes by presenting a stability analysis of the protocol-based generalized UKF, which aims to ensure the convergence and limitation of the estimation error. The study presents simulation results on the resilient reconstruction of hybrid cyber-attacks involving unknown constant power loads and noise. The proposed approach utilizes the protocol-based generalized UKF and exhibits superior performance.

Rats manifest a condition called hemorrhagic cystitis after spinal cord injury (SCI). The mechanism of this condition is unknown, but it is more severe in male rats than in female rats. We assessed the role of sex regarding hemorrhagic cystitis and pathological chronic changes in the bladder. We analyzed the urine of male and female Sprague-Dawley and Fischer 344 rats after experimental spinal cord contusion, including unstained microscopic inspections of the urine, differential white blood cell counts colored by the Wright stain, and total leukocyte counts using fluorescent nuclear stains. We examined bladder histological changes in acute and chronic phases of SCI, using principal component analysis (PCA) and clustered heatmaps of Pearson correlation coefficients to interpret how measured variables correlated with each other. Male rats showed a distinct pattern of macroscopic hematuria after spinal cord injury. They had higher numbers of red blood cells with significantly more leukocytes and neutrophils than female rats, particularly hypersegmented neutrophils. The histological examination of the bladders revealed a distinct line of apoptotic umbrella cells and disrupted bladder vessels early after SCI and progressive pathological changes in multiple bladder layers in the chronic phase. Multivariate analyses indicated immune cell infiltration in the bladder, especially hypersegmented neutrophils, that correlated with red blood cell counts in male rats. Our study highlights a hitherto unreported sex difference of hematuria and pathological changes in males and females’ bladders after SCI, suggesting an important role of immune cell infiltration, especially neutrophils, in SCI-induced hemorrhagic cystitis.

Noncommunicable Disease (NCD) has continued to pose a significant global burden, specifically regarding morbidity among young adults which has not been well studied. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the burden of NCD among young adults and identify correlating factors. It analyzed the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research, a nationwide study employing a cross-sectional design and linear systematic with Two Stage Sampling. The subject involved comprised 319,355 individuals in the 18-40 age group. Data were further analyzed using bivariate and multivariate analysis with logistic regression. The analysis results showed that 6% of young adults in Indonesia had one NCD or more. Young adults with higher Waist Circumference (WC) and higher Body Mass Index (BMI) had a higher risk of NCD (OR:1.58; 95%CI;1.52-1.65 and OR: 1.14; 95%CI:1.09-1.19, respectively). Furthermore, several sociodemographic factors exhibited significant correlation including older age, female sex, unemployment, higher educational and socioeconomic status, married and divorced, as well as living in an urban area (p-value

Background and Objective: Hospitals are one of the most important organizations in the healthcare system. Risk assessment is a tool to control risks, and risk management in hospitals is of great help in the reduction of the risk of hazards and hospital accidents. The present study aimed to evaluate the safety and health risk of hospitals using the HOSHRA (hospital occupational safety and health risk assessment) method. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 32 departments in a medical teaching hospital in Mashhad in 2022. The data were collected using the HOSHRA checklist and analyzed using the HOSHRA method formulas. Results: The highest and lowest scores pertained to ergonomic hazards (102.8) and physical agents (67.28) in the hospital. Except for the score of the ergonomics area, the scores of the physical, chemical, psychological, and biological areas were at the medium risk level, and the ergonomics area was at an acceptable level. Conclusion: The results of this study pointed out that ergonomic hazards are at an acceptable level, which requires continuous monitoring. On the other hand, chemical, ergonomic, psychological, physical, and biological risks are not acceptable at the risk level and need more revision in the future.

The advent of Industry 4.0 has ushered in a new era of technological advancements, particularly in integrating information technology with physical devices. This convergence has given rise to smart devices and the Internet of Things (IoT), revolutionizing industrial processes. However, despite the push towards predictive maintenance, there still is a significant gap in fault prediction algorithms for electrical machines. This paper proposes a signal spectrum-based machine learning approach for fault prediction, specifically focusing on bearing faults. This study compares the effectiveness of traditional neural network algorithms with a novel approach integrating fuzzy logic. Through extensive experimentation and analysis of vibration spectra from various mechanical faults in bearings, it is demonstrated that the fuzzy-neuro network model outperforms traditional neural networks, achieving a validation accuracy of 99.40% compared to 94.34%. Incorporating fuzzy logic within the neural network framework offers advantages in handling complex fault combinations, showing promise for applications requiring higher accuracy in fault detection. While initial results are encouraging, further validation with more complex fault scenarios and additional fuzzy layers is recommended to fully explore the potential of fuzzy-neuro networks in fault prediction for electrical machines.

Objectives: Antibacterial activity against endodontic pathogens is a desirable feature for root canal sealers. The objective of this study was to compare the antibacterial effect of three resin-based endodontic sealers (AH26, Adseal, and Beta RCS) against Enterococcus faecalis in vitro. Materials and Methods: The antibacterial properties of the sealers were assessed against E. faecalis using agar diffusion test (ADT) for fresh state (N=10) and direct contact test (DCT) for freshly-mixed and set states of the materials (N=10). In ADT, the diameter of the zones of inhibition was measured after 24h of contact. In DCT, the colony-forming units of the bacteria were counted after 30 minutes and 180 minutes of exposure. The results were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and independent sample t-test. P0.05). According to ADT, AH26 and Adseal represented the widest and the smallest inhibition zones, respectively (P

This paper proposes a new beam to column connection, namely, the omnidirectional steel moment connection with through-plate panel zone, which enables the connection of more than four beams to a column in moment frames at any arbitrary angle. The proposed connection was experimentally and numerically analyzed under cyclic loading. A numerical model using finite element method in ABAQUS is created and validated using hysteretic moment-rotation curves. Subsequently, a sensitivity analysis is conducted on the key components of the proposed connection, including the connection panel zone, web plate, and bolts. The aim of this study is to optimize the design and configuration of the connection panel zone by simplifying it and removing the intersection of the through plates. Furthermore, the effect of changing the axial load of the column, removing the web plate, and altering the bolt size on the connection panel zone is investigated. The results of this sensitivity analysis demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed designs. The findings indicated that the experimental specimen showcased remarkable seismic compliance, adhering to AISC seismic provisions for special moment frames, even with minor buckling. It sustained a 0.04 radians drift without brittle fracture, aligning with expected mechanical behavior. The finite element-based model revealed stress concentrations at beam-to-plate connections, and the average difference between the experimental and numerical model was 11.82%, verifying model accuracy. Hexagonal prism panels and internal through plates contribute minimally to parameter variations. In contrast, the web shear plate significantly affects the behavior. Bolt material substitution and axial loading introduce significant changes, while the combined effect of axial load and hexagonal prism panel removal shows distinctive alterations.

Introduction: Hypertension is the most common disease suffered by the elderly, this is caused by physiological factors, namely a decrease in body function due to the aging process so many noncommunicable diseases appear in the elderly. Methods: This study was an experimental study that examines the effect of hypertension exercise on blood pressure in the elderly with hypertension using a quasi-experimental approach with a time series design. This study used purposive sampling, with a total of 30 people. Before being given treatment, respondents were given an observation sheet (pretest) to measure the scale or blood pressure. Then given hypertension exercise and continued with giving a second observation sheet (posttest) to determine the scale or the respondent’s blood pressure after the hypertension exercise 3 times with an interval of 1 week. Results: Before being given hypertension exercise, pretest data showed that the average blood pressure was 150/90. After being given hypertension exercise, it showed an average of 120/80. There was an effect of hypertension exercise on blood pressure in the elderly with hypertension at Wreda Tresna Budi Luhur Social Institution. Conclusion: Hypertension exercise performed every week for 3 times can reduce blood pressure in hypertensive elderly at Wreda Tresna Budi Luhur Social Institution in Bantul Yogyakarta.

HIGHLIGHTS • Nearly a quarter of pregnant women experience pregnancy complications during the delivery process • Caesarean section delivery is dominant among other methods, and 8.4% of mothers do not have any complications but choosing cesarean section delivery. ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to determine the delivery methods, indications and any associations between delivery methods and obstetric complications in Indonesia in 2018. Materials and Methods: This study analyzed data from the Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) 2018. The population and sample were married eligible women of 10 – 54 years old who had children, as many as 78,737 mothers. The variable taken in this study was the problems/complications during pregnancy as the independent variable, and the methods of delivery as the dependent variable. Chi-square test was used for comparison purposes. Logistic regression was run to relationship between complications and delivery methods. Results: Delivery indications were complications during the delivery process (23.23%), premature rupture of membranes (5.07%), obstructed labor (3.37%), transverse fetus (3.09%), bleeding (2.36%), and other complications (3.98%). Methods of delivery were expected delivery (81.45%), cesarean section (17.64%), and with other procedures (0.90%). Conclusion: Complications of labor correlate significantly with the methods of cesarean section. The cesarean section still dominated among other delivery modes, and there are still many mothers who did not have complications or no medical indications but choosing cesarean section delivery.

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are among the most important work-related diseases and hard working conditions in workshops and industries lead workers to experience these disorders. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and its relationship with work ability index, job satisfaction, and job burnout among the workers of Isfahan Crystal and Glass Industry, Isfahan, Iran. Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was a cross-sectional one employing 251 workers from Isfahan Crystal and Glass Industry and was conducted in 2021. The data were collected through Cronell Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire (CDMQ), Work Ability Index Questionnaire (WIA), Job Descriptive Index (JDI), and Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI). The collected data were then submitted to SPSS to be analyzed through descriptive and inferential (Spearman correlation) statistics. The significance level was decided to be less than 0.05 (P < 0.05). Findings: 45.4% of the participants had musculoskeletal discomfort in at least one limb and 63.7% had high level of job satisfaction. On the other hand, the participants had high level of job burnout (mean = 81.55) and intermediate level of work ability (mean = 36). Further, there were no significant correlations between musculoskeletal disorders and job burnout, and between musculoskeletal disorders and work ability (P < 0.050), whereas there was a significant correlation between musculoskeletal disorders and job satisfaction (P < 0.050). Conclusion: Less than half of the participants had musculoskeletal disorders. The significant relationship between musculoskeletal disorders and job satisfaction was negative; the higher the level of job satisfaction, the lower the level of musculoskeletal disorders. Moreover, interventional and corrective measures are highly recommended to prevent these disorders.

Abstract Background The disadvantaged areas are one of the government’s focuses in accelerating development in Indonesia, including the health sector. The study aims to determine the target for expanding hospital utilization in disadvantaged areas in Indonesia. Methods The study employed the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Survey data. This cross-sectional study analyzed 42,644 respondents. The study used nine independent variables: residence, age, gender, marital, education, employment, wealth, insurance, and travel time, in addition to hospital utilization, as a dependent variable. The study employed binary logistic regression to evaluate the data. Results The results found that average hospital utilization in disadvantaged areas in Indonesia in 2018 was 3.7%. Urban areas are 1.045 times more likely than rural areas to utilize the hospital (95% CI 1.032–1.058). The study also found age has a relationship with hospital utilization. Females are 1.656 times more likely than males to use the hospital (95% CI 1.639–1.673). Moreover, the study found marital status has a relationship with hospital utilization. The higher the education level, the higher the hospital utilization. Employed individuals have a 0.748 possibility to use the hospital compared with those unemployed (95% CI 0.740–0.757). Wealthy individuals have more chances of using the hospital than poor individuals. Individuals with all insurance types are more likely to utilize the hospital than those uninsured. Individuals with travel times of ≤ 1 h are 2.510 more likely to use the hospital than those with > 1 h (95% CI 2.483–2.537). Conclusion The specific targets to accelerate the increase in hospital utilization in disadvantaged areas in Indonesia are living in a rural area, being male, never in a union, having no education, being employed, being the poorest, uninsured, and having a travel time of > 1 h. The government should make a policy addressing the problem based on the research findings.

Background: Stunting is a high-priority malnutrition problem globally. The COVID-19 pandemic was predicted to increase hunger and worsen the condition of stunted children. Purpose: To determine the socioeconomic factors for stunting in children aged 24-59 months before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Magelang Regency. Methods: This study used a case-control design from August to November 2021. Subjects were children under five aged 24-59 months from the Magelang Regency. The subjects consisted of 162 stunted children and 166 normal children. The nutritional status screening was derived from e-PPGBM data, and was further validated through repeated anthropometric measurements. Phone interviews with mothers or trustees were done to obtain primary data. Data were analyzed using a chi-square test and declared significant if the p-value was below 0.05. Results: Socioeconomic status factors significantly related to stunting before the COVID-19 pandemic were family income below the region’s minimum wage (cOR = 2.18; 95% CI = 1.31-3.64), incapability to fulfill food and household needs (cOR = 2; 95% CI = 1.25-3.23), and incapability to save income (cOR = 2; 95% CI = 1.32-3.33). During the COVID-19 pandemic, a socioeconomic factor that was found to be significantly related to stunting was incapability to fulfill food and household needs (cOR = 1.57; 95% CI = 1-2.46). Conclusion: Low family income and incapability to fulfill food and household needs was strongly associated with stunting. Improvements to community empowerment and stunting prevention programs in response to COVID-19 need to be made to prevent new stunting cases.

Key Clinical Message Management of supernumerary teeth fused to the labial surface of permanent maxillary central incisors would require a multidisciplinary approach comprising of endodontic treatment, periodontal recontouring, and cosmetic composite restoration. Abstract The reported cases of supernumerary teeth fused to the labial surface of maxillary central incisors are rare. Such cases need multidisciplinary approaches. Herein, management of a supernumerary tooth fused to the labial surface of a maxillary central incisor is reported. Due to the presence of a communication path between the root canal systems of the two fused teeth, root canal therapy was performed first for the maxillary left central incisor and the supernumerary tooth. The crown of the supernumerary tooth was then removed in a surgical setting while preserving the root to maintain the thin covering of alveolar bone and prevent future periodontal problems. Subsequently, an esthetic composite restoration was performed.

In recent studies, psychological factors, personality traits and emotional and cognitive profiles of couple’s applicants for divorce have been considered. The current study aimed to examine the psychological profile of couples applying for divorce. This study in the first part was a survey type that evaluates the psychological profile of couples applying for divorce with cohabitation. In the second part and in a causal-comparative study, we compared the profiles of couples applying for divorce with cohabitation less than and more than five years. The statistical population includes all couples applying for divorce of Tehran in 2022. Participants were 60 volunteers were selected by purposive sampling method, and finally 32 cases were selected as the sample. Data was collected by Cattell's 16 Personality Factors Test .The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and one sample T-test. The results indicated that between the couples applying for divorce with less than and more than five years of marriage there are significant differences in most of the psychological characteristics except for the spontaneous versus restrained, suspicious versus trusting and inpatient versus relaxed. In general, the findings support the role of psychological factors in the tendency and attitude towards divorce in couples

Introduction: Numerous studies have shown that agricultural soil quality evaluation is essential for economic success of agricultural products and environmental stability in rapidly developing regions. Changes in soil quality characteristics are usually controlled by intrinsic factors such as climate, parent rock and time and dynamic factors (Managerial).For this purpose, evaluation of parameters of soil quality plays an important role in assessing the land management and sustainability of production agricultural systems. The present investigation was undertaken to identify sensivity soil quality parameters against to changes of soil type(foure soil orders inculded, Entisol, Inceptisol, Aridisol and Molisol) and land use(Three land use included, pastureland, forest and agriculture) along a north-south transect with different heat and humidity regimes.Material and methods: The present study was performed in lands of Miami city in Semnan province. The 215 soil samples collection were done in both natural lands (forest and pastureland) and closest from agricultural lands in three different regions along a north-south transect from 0-30 cm depth and in total of 13 soil parameters including physical, chemical and microbiological properties(EC, pH, O.C, T.N.V, CEC, Urease, Betaglocsidase, phosphatase enzymes, Microbial Biomass Carbon, MWD, BD) were determined. Then, in order to determine the effect of land use change and soil type on the studied soil parameters, the statistical methods of principal component analysis (PCA), factor analysis (FA) and regression were used. Results and discussion: The results showed that most of the chemical, physical and biological properties of soil in the northern lands are better than the southern ones due to changes in humidity and temperature regimes (more rainfall and lower temperatures). The trend of the coefficient of variation of most soil features in the three areas studied along the transect shows that the coefficient of variation of most of the studied features is influenced by climate and the coefficient of variation of most parameters has decreased from south to north, which is probably due to the buffer effects of soil organic carbon in the northern regions. Also the results of PCA and FA analysis showed that organic carbon , betaglucosidase enzyme , microbial biomass carbon , MWD and microbial biomass carbon/ organic carbon had higher weight than other soil quality parameters in all of the regions. Also the results of the statistical method of regression study showed, two factors of land use change and soil type can predict more than 55% changes in most soil quality parameters and the total of 14 properties have been investigated , 10 characteristics were relatively controlled by land use type and 4 characteristics by soil type.Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study showed that the two factors of land use change and soil category, except for electrical conductivity, soil reaction, absorbable potassium, cation exchange capacity, and calcium carbonate equivalent, have the greatest effect on changes in soil quality characteristics and physical and biological of soil affected by land use change and chemical properties were affected by soil typ therefore, in order to study the effects of management changes on soil quality attributes , biological and physical parameters are more suitable in the short term.

The rise and growing prevalence of juvenile delinquency is a matter of concern for many parties. This study aims to establish a research instrument in the form of a questionnaire that can be deployed to assess the learning environment perceived by high school students. This research endeavor constitutes a developmental study, wherein the outcomes are a single survey instrument encompassing six variables, nineteen indicators, and forty questions. The data-collecting process involved the utilization of a Google Form across five schools in five districts, containing a total of 1615 participants. The analysis of expert data was conducted utilizing V. Aiken and field trials employing confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) Second Order. The findings of this study indicate that the diagnostic survey instrument used to assess the learning environment's impact on the mental health of high school students demonstrated validity, as evidenced by loading factor values exceeding the established minimal threshold. The reliability of the instrument remains insufficient. This survey can be utilized to detect adolescent persistent tendencies carried out by students or other school members that interfere with mental health: the emergence and significant raising of juvenile delinquency.

This study aims to examine the approach in teaching practice to "muallaf" (Muslim indigenous people: "orang asli") and the factors of attraction toward the acceptance of Islamic understanding among them. The study was conducted at the village of "muallaf orang asli" at Paya Sendayan, Temerloh Pahang, Malaysia. Design of this study are using the qualitative methods. Data were collected by observation and selected informant interviews based on purposive sampling methods. Data were analysed using the thematic methods. The results of the study found that the approach in teaching practice to "muallaf orang asli" is "syarah" (explanation) and discussion presented through storytelling, stimulation method and "talaqqi musyafahah" (face to face). Meanwhile, the results of the attraction factors toward the acceptance of teaching and learning among "muallaf orang asli" are aspect of reward, facilities, understanding and skills of teachers or educators for the socio-culture and role model shown by teachers or educators as well as the Muslim community nearby the living community. The findings of this study show that the teaching and learning of "muallaf orang asli" should be organized systematically in line with the factors of attraction in order to increase interest and earnestly.

Purpose: This study aims to conduct a thorough examination and bibliometric analysis of the scholarly articles on PjBL (Project-Based Learning) and 21st-century skills published from 2020 to 2023. The analysis will specifically concentrate on the global distribution of these articles and identifying any prevailing research patterns or trends. Methodology: Utilizing "PjBL" and "21st-century skills" as search terms, the Scopus database was employed for the analysis encompassing annual publications, nations, institutions, authors, journals, references, and keywords in the field. This analysis was facilitated by VOSviewer and Microsoft Excel 2019 software. Findings: There has been a significant increase in publication volume between 2020 and 2023. Among the 2,472 articles within the Scopus database by the end of October 2023, Indonesia emerged as the primary contributor of publications among all nations. The VOSviewer indicates that the key issues revolve around, project-based learning (PjBL), pedagogy, critical thinking, education, sustainability, higher education, and 21st-century skills. Significance: A comprehensive analysis of the global landscape concerning project-based learning (PjBL) and, between 2020 and 2023, aims to uncover pivotal trends, emerging issues, influential authors, and seminal works in educational research. The anticipated outcomes hold the potential to offer multifaceted insights into PjBL and 21st-century skills, contributing to the exploration of innovative educational methodologies. Additionally, this study's investigation of specific research inquiries aims to provide a holistic overview, further enriching the understanding of these crucial educational paradigms.