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Crime involves different individuals interacting in complex social and physical settings. Often, crime problem solvers reach for a common generic response, when they need to consider a number of possible solutions. Thinking tools can help. In this article, we show how uniting an injury prevention tool—the Haddon Matrix used widely in public health—and a crime prevention tool—the crime problem triangle used widely in policing—can provide guidance to crime problem solvers. We call our hybrid the General Problem-Solving Matrix (GPSM). We apply GPSM to rape and burglary to illustrates its features. We conclude the article by examining the alternative versions of GPSM in crime prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Farmers are considered a high-risk group for intentional and unintentional injuries. This review identified significant risk factors for agricultural injuries in farmers and explored injury prevention countermeasures based on the literature. Therefore, CiteSpace software was used to analyze the relevant literature in this field. Additionally, we identified both key risk factors and countermeasures using the Haddon matrix and the 5 E’s risk reduction strategies conceptual framework, respectively. The risk factors were identified from four categories (host, agent, physical environment, and social environment) corresponding to three phases (pre-event, event, and post-event). Interventions of 5 E’s risk reduction strategies including education, engineering, enforcement, economic, and emergency response have been proven effective in preventing injuries or reducing their severity. Our findings provide a comprehensive foundation and research direction for the study and prevention of injuries among farmers.

In this article, the authors consider the issues of road infrastructure and their impact on road safety. The road network affects the risk of road accidents because it determines how road users perceive the environment. The basis for comparing a number of events in a traffic accident with categories of factors contributing to the accident. Purpose – the measures and methods by which it is possible to achieve a safe level of roads are defined. Methodology: the article used a full-scale experiment, statistical analysis, risk theory. Results: the factors that increase road safety, provide a comfortable environment for drivers and pedestrians, and reduce the cost of repair and construction of highways are identified. Practical implications: identification of the most effective and priority measures to improve highways in order to ensure safety and a comfortable environment. Research activities on the development of new approaches in the field of traffic management.

Abstract Background Quadbikes or all-terrain vehicles are known for their propensity for crashes resulting in injury, disability, and death. The control of these needless losses resulting from quadbike crashes has become an essential contributor to sustainable development goals. Understanding the risk factors for such injuries is essential for developing preventive policies and strategies. The aim of this review was to identify the risk factors associated with quadbike crashes at multiple levels through a systematic review of a wide range of study designs. Methods The study incorporated a mixed-method systematic review approach and followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines for reporting systematic reviews, including a peer reviewed protocol. This systematic review included observational studies investigating the risk factors associated with quadbike crashes, injuries, or deaths. Seven electronic databases were searched from inception to October 2021. Studies were screened and extracted by three researchers. Quality appraisal was conducted using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Due to extensive heterogeneity, meta-analysis was not conducted. All the risk factors have been presented in a narrative synthesis for discussion following the guidelines for Synthesis without Meta-analysis (SWiM). Results Thirty-nine studies combining an aggregate of 65,170 participants were included in this systematic review. The results indicate that modifiable risk factors, such as the increasing age of driving initiation, reducing substance use, and the use of organized riding parks, could reduce quadbike injuries. Riding practices such as avoiding passengers, avoiding nighttime riding, and using helmets could significantly reduce crashes and injuries among riders. Vehicle modifications such as increasing the wheelbase and limiting engine displacement could also help reduce crash incidence. Traditional interventional methods, such as legislation and training, had a weak influence on reducing quadbike injuries. Conclusion Multiple risk factors are associated with quadbike injuries, with most of them modifiable. Strengthening policies and awareness to minimize risk factors would help in reducing accidents associated with quadbikes. PROSPERO registration number CRD42020170245

Workplace violence (WV) is a significant occupational hazard for home health care workers (HHCWs). HHCWs are frequently exposed to Type II (customer/client) WV incidents but minimal evidence exists about exposure to Type III (coworker) WV and exposure to Type IV (personal relationship) WV is unknown. Furthermore, exposure to WV incidents is often underreported by HHCWs. The Haddon Matrix guided this research study. A cross- sectional research design was used with HHCWs (n = 50) working in Southwest Ohio in April 2020. HHCWs completed the Workplace Violence Reporting Survey, a 76-item tool used to estimate the frequency and reporting of WV incidents. Data were analyzed using frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations. HHCWs were 86% female (n = 43). Patients (28.3%) followed by their families (17.4%) and intimate partners (10.9%) are the primary aggressors of verbal abuse. The incident was too minor (6.5%), no action would be taken (6.5%), and it's part of the job (4.3%) are major reasons HHCWs underreported WV. Type II WV is most pervasive when the aggressor is the patient. HHCWs experience physical assault and sexual abuse in their work environment. HHCWs underreported verbal abuse and physical assault when the aggressor was an intimate partner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the global pandemic, supply chains often look for an evidence-based framework to evaluate their responses to disruptions compared to other more successful responses. This study proposes such a framework based on the Haddon matrix that is traditionally used to prevent roadside injuries in road accidents. This tool will help to study supply chains and their vertical and societal linkages during the preparation, response and recovery phases of natural disasters such as global pandemics. Implications for the further development of our current research are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are the most frequent public health problem in Iran. The present study reviewed the methodology of the RTI articles using the Haddon matrix evidence. Materials and Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Persian national databases, including SID, Magiran, and IranDoc, were searched for the articles published from March 21, 2009, to October 21, 2020. The search process was done by two independent reviewers. The quality of the articles was assessed based on the Scopus index of journals. Results: Nine-hundred and fourteen articles were included in this review study, which mostly focused on RTIs in Iran and precrash and postcrash prevention approaches. The methodological approach was cross-sectional in 487 (53.2%) articles and merely 5 (0.54%) articles were randomized clinical trial (RCT) papers. RCT studies focused on the human factor in the precrash phase. Research center evidence indicated that the Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Centers mainly focused on human and environmental factors. However, the Trauma Research Center of Kashan and Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center of Tehran often addressed vehicles. Conclusion: The RTIs studies in Iran often followed a cross-sectional methodology and used a precrash prevention approach.

Introduction: Asymmetric warfare and the reaction to its threats have implications in the way far-forward medical assistance is provided in such settings. Investments in far-forward emergency resuscitation and stabilization can contribute to saving lives and increase the resilience of health systems. Thus, it is proposed to extend the use of the Haddon Matrix to determine a set of strategies to better understand and prioritize activities to prepare for and set-up frontline care in the form of Trauma Stabilization Points (TSPs).Methods: An expert consensus methodology was used to achieve the research aim. A small subject matter experts' group was convened to create and validate the content of the Haddon Matrix.Results: The result of the expert group consultations presented an overview of TSP Preparedness and Operational Readiness activities within a Haddon Matrix framework. Main strategies to be adopted within the cycle from pre- to post-event had been identified and presented considering the identified opportunities in the context of the possibility of implementation. Of particular importance was the revision of a curriculum that fits the civilian medical system and facilitates its adaptation to the context and available resources.Conclusion: The new framework to enhance frontline care preparedness and response using the Haddon Matrix facilitated the identification of a set of strategies to support frontline health care workers in a more efficient manner. Since the existing approach and tools are insufficient for modern warfare, additional research is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Managing education and research during pandemics has increased in importance since the onset of epidemics such as avian flu, SARS and now CoViD-19. Successful management in times of crisis ensures business continuity and institutional survival, making preparedness preceding an impending pandemic essential. Institutions of higher education (IHEs) must maintain balance between academic continuity and preventing morbidity during a pandemic crisis. To date, however, no general pandemic preparedness frameworks exist for IHEs. The aim of this paper is to report on the development of a Haddon matrix framework for IHE pandemic preparedness based on a scoping literature review of past IHE responses including pre-, during and post-pandemic phases. First, a review of previous global responses by IHEs during past pandemics was carried out. The review findings were then collated into a new IHE-centric Haddon matrix for pandemic preparedness. The content of the matrix is then illustrated through the documented responses of Malaysian universities during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. The resulting IHE Haddon matrix can be used by universities as a general guide to identify preparedness gaps and intervention opportunities for business continuity during pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Quadbikes or all-terrain vehicles are known for their propensity for crashes resulting in injury, disability, and death. The control of these needless losses resulting from quadbike crashes has become an essential contributor to sustainable development goals. Understanding the risk factors for such injuries is essential for developing preventive policies and strategies. The aim of this review was to identify the risk factors associated with quadbike crashes at multiple levels through a systematic review of a wide range of study designs. Methods: The study incorporated a mixed-method systematic review approach and followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines for reporting systematic reviews, including a peer reviewed protocol. This systematic review included observational studies investigating the risk factors associated with quadbike crashes, injuries, or deaths. Seven electronic databases were searched from inception to October 2021. Studies were screened and extracted by three researchers. Quality appraisal was conducted using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Due to extensive heterogeneity, meta-analysis was not conducted. All the risk factors have been presented in a narrative synthesis for discussion following the guidelines for Synthesis without Meta-analysis (SWiM). Results: Thirty-nine studies combining an aggregate of 65,170 participants were included in this systematic review. The results indicate that modifiable risk factors, such as the increasing age of driving initiation, reducing substance use, and the use of organized riding parks, could reduce quadbike injuries. Riding practices such as avoiding passengers, avoiding nighttime riding, and using helmets could significantly reduce crashes and injuries among riders. Vehicle modifications such as increasing the wheelbase and limiting engine displacement could also help reduce crash incidence. Traditional interventional methods, such as legislation and training, had a weak influence on reducing quadbike injuries. Conclusion: Multiple risk factors are associated with quadbike injuries, with most of them modifiable. Strengthening policies and awareness to minimize risk factors would help in reducing accidents associated with quadbikes. PROSPERO registration number CRD42020170245 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are the most frequent public health problem in Iran. The present study reviewed the methodology of the RTI articles using the Haddon matrix evidence. Materials and Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Persian national databases, including SID, Magiran, and IranDoc, were searched for the articles published from March 21, 2009, to October 21, 2020. The search process was done by two independent reviewers. The quality of the articles was assessed based on the Scopus index of journals. Results: Nine-hundred and fourteen articles were included in this review study, which mostly focused on RTIs in Iran and precrash and postcrash prevention approaches. The methodological approach was cross-sectional in 487 (53.2%) articles and merely 5 (0.54%) articles were randomized clinical trial (RCT) papers. RCT studies focused on the human factor in the precrash phase. Research center evidence indicated that the Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Centers mainly focused on human and environmental factors. However, the Trauma Research Center of Kashan and Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center of Tehran often addressed vehicles. Conclusion: The RTIs studies in Iran often followed a cross-sectional methodology and used a precrash prevention approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Injury/poor health is an important barrier to women's participation in sport and physical activity. This study aimed to identify perceived challenges sport programme deliverers face when supporting physically inactive women to prevent/manage injury., Methods: Sport programme deliverers, targeting physically inactive women in Victoria, participated in concept mapping to brainstorm, sort and rate (impact on their ability to prevent/manage injury, frequency of and difficulty to overcome the challenge on a 1 (low)-5 (high) scale) the challenges faced. Analysis included multidimensional scaling, hierarchical cluster analysis and descriptive statistics (eg, mean ratings)., Results: Twenty-five deliverers brainstormed 82 injury prevention/management-related challenges. An eight cluster map was considered the most appropriate representation of the participants' sorting data (mean cluster impact, frequency and difficulty to overcome rating (1-5)): time constraints (3.42, 3.69, 3.12); perceived competence in injury prevention/management (3.36, 3.50, 3.27); navigating participant perceptions and knowledge (3.35, 3.74, 3.49); information and responsibility (3.32, 3.50, 3.26); session planning and structure (3.25, 3.45, 3.07); participant engagement (3.13, 3.47, 3.08); responding to individual needs (3.07, 3.42, 2.92) and access to injury management resources (2.87, 3.25, 3.17)., Conclusion: Limited time created injury prevention/management challenges for programme deliverers when planning and modifying sport programmes for physically inactive women. Injury prevention/management should be integrated into programme design and delivery principles. Programme deliverers need education/training and access to injury prevention/management resources (eg, activity modification) and engagement/communication strategies tailored for physically inactive women. Public health funders, coaching course accreditors, programme designers and deliverers can use these insights to develop strategies to minimise injury risk and effect systemic change in sport programme delivery., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

COVID‐19 has exacted a disproportionate toll on the health of persons living in nursing homes. Healthcare providers and other decision‐makers in those settings must refer to multiple evolving sources of guidance to coordinate care delivery in such a way as to minimize the introduction and spread of the causal virus, SARS‐CoV‐2. It is essential that guidance be presented in an accessible and usable format to facilitate its translation into evidence‐based best practice. In this article, we propose the Haddon matrix as a tool well‐suited to this task. The Haddon matrix is a conceptual model that organizes influencing factors into pre‐event, event, and post‐event phases, and into host, agent, and environment domains akin to the components of the epidemiologic triad. The Haddon matrix has previously been applied to topics relevant to the care of older persons, such as fall prevention, as well as to pandemic planning and response. Presented here is a novel application of the Haddon matrix to pandemic response in nursing homes, with practical applications for nursing home decision‐makers in their efforts to prevent and contain COVID‐19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract Background Since the 1970s, terrorist bombings in subways have been frequently occurring worldwide. To cope with this threat and to provide medical response countermeasures, we analyzed the characteristics of subway bombing terrorist attacks and used the Haddon matrix to explore medical response strategies. Methods First, we analyzed 111 subway bombings from 1970 to 2017 recorded in the Global Terrorism Database to provide a reference for the strategy exploration. Then, we convened an expert panel to use the Haddon matrix to explore the medical response strategies to subway bombings. Results In recent decades, at least one bombing attack occurs every 3 years. Summarized by the Haddon matrix, the influencing factors of medical responses to conventional subway bombings include the adequacy of first-aid kits and the medical evacuation equipment, the traffic conditions affecting the evacuation, the continuity and stability of communication, as well as the factors exclusively attributed to dirty bomb attacks in subways, such as ionizing radiation protection capabilities, the structure of the radiation sickness treatment network based on the subway lines, and the disposal of radioactive sewage. These factors form the basis of the strategy discussion. Conclusion Since subway bombings are long-term threats, it is necessary to have proper medical response preparation. Based on the Haddon matrix, we explored the medical response strategies for terrorist subway bombings, especially dirty bomb attacks. Haddon matrix can help policymakers systematically find the most important factors, which makes the preparations of the response more efficient.

Since its 1960s origins, the Haddon matrix has served as a tool to understand and prevent diverse mechanisms of injuries and promote safety. Potential remains for broadened application and innovation of the matrix for disaster preparedness. Hospital functionality and efficiency are particularly important components of community vulnerability in developed and developing nations alike. Given the Haddon matrixʼs user-friendly approach to integrating current engineering concepts, behavioral sciences, and policy dimensions, we seek to apply it in the context of hospital earthquake preparedness and response. The matrixʼs framework lends itself to interdisciplinary planning and collaboration between social and physical sciences, paving the way for a systems-oriented reduction in vulnerabilities. Here, using an associative approach to integrate seemingly disparate social and physical science disciplines yields innovative insights about hospital disaster preparedness for earthquakes. We illustrate detailed examples of pre-event, event, and post-event engineering, behavioral science, and policy factors that hospital planners should evaluate given the complex nature, rapid onset, and broad variation in impact and outcomes of earthquakes. This novel contextual examination of the Haddon matrix can enhance critical infrastructure disaster preparedness across the epidemiologic triad, by integrating essential principles of behavioral sciences, policy, law, and engineering to earthquake preparedness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Globally, about 1.25 million people die annually from road trafficcollisions. Evidence from global safety report shows a decreasing trend of road traffic injury indeveloped countries while there is an increasing trend in many developing countriesincluding Ethiopia. This study is aimed at assessing factors affecting injury severity levels of road traffic collision victims referred to selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa based on the Haddon Matrix. Methods Ahospital-based cross-sectional study designwas implemented to randomly select a total of 363 road traffic collision victims. The collected data was cleaned andentered into Epidata version 3.1 and exported to SPSS Version 21 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logisticregression models were used to examine the association between explanatory and outcome variables. Results A total of 363 individual sustained road traffic injuries were included to the study. Theprevalence of severe injury among road traffic accident victims was 36.4%. The following variables were significantly associated with increased injury severity: motorbike rider or motorbike passenger without helmet, adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 4.7(95% CI: 1.04–21.09); driving under the influence of alcohol, crude odds ratio (COR) 2.64(95% CI;1.23–5.64); victim with multiple injuries, AOR 3.88(95% CI: 2.26–6.65); vehicle size, AOR 2.14(95% CI: 1.01–4.52); collision in dark lighting condition, AOR 1.93(95% CI: 1.01–3.65); collision in cross city/rural, AOR 1.95(95% CI: 1.18–3.24) and vehicle occupant travelling unrestrained on the back of a truck, AOR3.9 (95% CI: 1.18–12.080). On the other hand, victims extricated at the scene by health care professional, AOR 0.33(95% CI: 0.13–0.83); victims extricated at the scene by police AOR 0.47(95% CI: 0.24–0.94); strict traffic police control at the scene of the collision, AOR 0.49(95% CI: 0.27–0.88) were significantly associated with less severe injuries. Conclusions Findings reported in this paper suggest the need forimmediate and pragmatic steps to be taken to curb the unnecessary loss of livesoccurring on the roads. In particular, there is urgent need to introduce road safety interventions.

Little literature addresses the burden of injury in Botswana, including trauma from motor-vehicle crashes (MVCs). In response, the University of Botswana and the Botswana Ministry of Health and Wellness are collaborating with the University of Pennsylvania to enhance injury and trauma research capacity in Botswana. Here we describe this training program and a research exercise to identify opportunities to prevent, through future research and countermeasures, MVCs specifically in Botswana. We initiated a mixed-methods study during a training module during the first two years of the program. The module introduced the Haddon matrix as a conceptual framework, and asked trainees to identify host, vector, and physical/social environment risk factors for MVCs that, if targeted, may lead to primary, secondary, or tertiary prevention. We conducted 10 photovoice elicitation interviews; results were thematically analyzed to further elucidate the context of MVCs in Botswana and potential countermeasures. Our process identified a range of ideas as barriers or facilitators to MVC prevention. The most commonly cited barriers were animals on the road, drunk or reckless driving, poor road quality, lack of road signs/traffic signals to orient drivers, and poor visibility (e.g., no street lighting; poor lighting on vehicles). Regarding primary prevention, participants identified features prior to the crash, across all matrix levels, as influencers of crashes in Botswana. Among these, several human factors (i.e., over-speeding; drunk driving) and environmental factors (i.e., livestock on road) were commonly mentioned as contributors to MVCs, as were cattle gates and traffic calming measures for prevention. Results of the Haddon matrix exercise proved useful for training burgeoning Batswana researchers to think conceptually about the occurrence of MVCs in Botswana and think creatively about targeting countermeasures for prevention. The exercise resulted in potential research questions for the trainees to pursue in mentored research of their own. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: A Haddon Matrix analysis was used to systematically review literature evaluating college campus sexual assault prevention programs to identify research gaps and intervention opportunities. Methods: Articles included were published from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2017; indexed in PubMed, PsycInfo, or Scopus; involving English-speaking undergraduate students in the US; with experimental or quasi-experimental design. Results: All 31 eligible studies evaluated educational programing; all relied on self-report measures; and three-quarters had follow-up periods ≤ 6 months. Significant positive effects were reported by 6 of 10 studies that measured bystander behavior, 6 of 10 that educated potential victims and assessed victimization, and one of four that educated potential perpetrators and measured perpetration. Conclusion: The Haddon Matrix analysis identified the need for interventions that address perpetrators and the post-assault period, as well as studies of the impact of enforcing existing policies and new environmental and situational approaches to sexual assault prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel evidence-based Haddon matrix that identifies intervention options for organizations and governments responding to an epidemic in a developing economy. Design/methodology/approach – A literature review of articles published within a year of the cholera outbreak in Haiti. Two separate types of literature sources are used – academic and non-academic – to apprehend the value and role of interventions implemented and/or identified. Findings – The Haddon matrix helps break down the challenges involved in the containment of an epidemic into smaller, manageable components. This research shows that the matrix enables visualization of past evidence, help dissect various informational sources, and increase collaboration across humanitarian organizations. It will also serve as a building block for academics to identify new research directions to respond to epidemic outbreaks. Research limitations/implications – The analysis focuses on the cholera epidemic in Haiti. Future work will be directed to generalize the identified recommendations and insights to a broader context. Originality/value – This paper presents an evidence-based Haddon matrix that infers recommendations and insights based on past evidence for each phase (pre-event, response, and post-event) and factor (agent, host, physical environment, and socio-cultural environment) of an epidemic and for various stakeholders (humanitarian organizations, governments, and academics). The matrix provides a structured framework to identify interventions and best practices to address challenges during an epidemic outbreak.

Introduction: Little literature addresses the burden of injury in Botswana, including trauma from motor-vehicle crashes (MVCs). In response, the University of Botswana and the Botswana Ministry of Health and Wellness are collaborating with the University of Pennsylvania to enhance injury and trauma research capacity in Botswana. Here we describe this training program and a research exercise to identify opportunities to prevent, through future research and countermeasures, MVCs specifically in Botswana. Methods: We initiated a mixed-methods study during a training module during the first two years of the program. The module introduced the Haddon matrix as a conceptual framework, and asked trainees to identify host, vector, and physical/social environment risk factors for MVCs that, if targeted, may lead to primary, secondary, or tertiary prevention. We conducted 10 photovoice elicitation interviews; results were thematically analyzed to further elucidate the context of MVCs in Botswana and potential countermeasures. Results: Our process identified a range of ideas as barriers or facilitators to MVC prevention. The most commonly cited barriers were animals on the road, drunk or reckless driving, poor road quality, lack of road signs/traffic signals to orient drivers, and poor visibility (e.g., no street lighting; poor lighting on vehicles). Regarding primary prevention, participants identified features prior to the crash, across all matrix levels, as influencers of crashes in Botswana. Among these, several human factors (i.e., over-speeding; drunk driving) and environmental factors (i.e., livestock on road) were commonly mentioned as contributors to MVCs, as were cattle gates and traffic calming measures for prevention. Conclusion: Results of the Haddon matrix exercise proved useful for training burgeoning Batswana researchers to think conceptually about the occurrence of MVCs in Botswana and think creatively about targeting countermeasures for prevention. The exercise resulted in potential research questions for the trainees to pursue in mentored research of their own.

Background: Injury is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing nations, accounting for 12% of total global burden of disease worldwide and the fourth leading cause of death for all ages. The aim of this study was to improve the understanding of the mode of trauma, severity of injuries, and analyzing the injury patterns to determine the factors associated with their outcomes. Objectives: To study the epidemiological profile of trauma victims attending the emergency department, to identify the risk factors of road traffic accidents (RTA) using Haddon Matrix and the factors associated with the outcomes of injury in these patients. Methodology: Cross-sectional hospital based study was conducted amongst 248 patients with injuries aged 15 years and above coming to the Emergency department (ED) using a predesigned semi-structured interview schedule. 9 cell Haddon Matrix was also used for recording the host, agent and environmental factors existing in the pre-event, event and post event phase of the injury. Results: The mean age of the study participants was found to be 38.06 years with a SD of 16.26. Road traffic accident emerged as the single most important mode of injury (50.8%), followed by fall (23.6%) and assault (13.2%). The mean Glasgow Coma score of the study participants was 13.25 + 3.14 (mean + SD). Around 13% of the participants had sustained vascular injury during the accident. Important host factors identified in Haddon Matrix leading to RTA were over speeding, young age of participants, alcohol intake and fatigue of the driver. Conclusion: Our study shows that RTA and falls are the predominant causes of trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiology of patients admitted with finger amputations in the U.S., as well as to evaluate and propose prevention strategies. The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was queried to obtain data on patients that presented to, and were admitted from US emergency departments for treatment of traumatic finger amputations during the period of 2002–2016. The Haddon Matrix, a framework that can be used to analyze the host, agent, and environmental factors of an injury relative to its timing, was then used to evaluate possible contributing factors of amputation events, and thereby explore plausible prevention interventions. From 2002 to 2016, approximately 348,719 people were admitted from the ED for traumatic amputations. The majority were Caucasian and were male. The mean age was 42.3 years old. This was significantly older than those who were not admitted. The top five products responsible for amputations in admitted patients were power saws (40.9% of cases), doors (10.3%), lawn mowers (7.4%), snow blowers (4.3%), and bicycles (2.4%). This list included a higher proportion of powered tools than those with finger amputations who were discharged from the ED with a finger amputation. Patients admitted with finger amputations from the ED were older, more likely to be male, and more likely to be victims of powered tools than those that were discharged. Table saws are responsible for a high proportion of the finger amputations that result in hospital admissions. The Haddon Matrix helps us identify factors (host, agent, physical environment, and social environment) to be addressed in prevention strategies. Such approaches might include championing education campaigns, policy measures, and equipment safety features. The effectiveness of such strategies warrants further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Oil tanker truck disasters have been reported worldwide; however, the circumstances, causes, and health effects of these disasters have not been described. To address this gap, we performed a systematic review using PRISMA criteria to better understand this public health problem and identify prevention targets.Methods: The academic and lay literatures were systematically searched for terms related to oil tanker truck disasters. Reports about civilian oil tanker truck disasters that occurred from 1997-2017 were included. Details about the disasters were summarized, including circumstances, identifiable causes, and health effects.Results: The search yielded 4713 Nexis Uni articles, 199 Google results, and one PubMed article; 951 records met inclusion criteria, describing 224 oil tanker truck explosions or fires. At least 2909 people died as a result of these disasters, and 3038 additional people were hospitalized. Almost all deaths (94%) occurred in low- and low-middle-income countries (LMIC). This may largely be due to scooping - the practice of collecting spilled oil from disabled tanker trucks for use or resale. Using the Haddon matrix, potential targets for future disaster prevention were identified.Conclusions: These data highlight the circumstances, causes, and health burden related to oil tanker truck disasters. Most began as collisions or rollovers, but nearly half of the fatalities involved scooping. The findings suggest opportunities to promote road safety, improve scene safety and security protocols used by drivers and first responders, and promote public understanding of the dangers of scooping to prevent mass casualty disasters from disabled tanker trucks, particularly in LMIC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to investigate the factors affecting the severity of trauma caused by traffic accidents based on martrix Haddon; a systematic review and meta-analysis., Methods: In this study searched five international databases in this study, including Medline/PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar, for published articles by the end of 2022. Data were entered into the statistical program and analyses were performed using STATA 17.0 software. Odds ratio (OR) values were computed for severity accidents., Results: Results of study showed that among the risk factors related to the host, not using helmet increased the risk of injury severity by 3.44 times compared to people who have used helmets (OR Not using helmet/Using helmet = 3.44, 95% CI: 2.27-5.00, P =0.001, I 2 =0.00%). Also, crossing over a centre divider has a protective role for the risk of injury severity compared to undertaking (OR crossing over a centre divider/undertaking =0.39, 95% CI: 0.20-0.75, P =0.01, I 2 =25.79%). in terms of the type of accident, accident of car-car reduces the risk of injury severity by 23% compared to accident of car-pedestrian (OR accident of car-car/accident of car-pedestrian =0.77, 95% CI: 0.61-0.96, P =0.02, I 2 =0.00%)., Conclusions: It is necessary to pay attention to the intersection of human, vehicle and environmental risks and their contribution and how they interact. Based on the Haddon matrix approach, special strategies can be designed to prevent road damage. Safety standards for vehicles should also be addressed through stricter legal requirements and inspections., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interests.Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

This study surveyed the knowledge, attitude, and behavior regarding radiation safety of radiation managers and workers in fields of research and education in South Korea. A questionnaire based on the Haddon Matrix was prepared after expert consultation and administered on May 4, 2015. The investigation lasted 30 days and a total of 180 responses were analyzed. For statistical analysis, SPSS/WIN 15.0 was utilized to derive mean, standard deviation, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Additionally, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression analysis were performed to determine the effect of knowledge, attitude, and behavior regarding radiation safety. The knowledge and attitude level of radiation workers was higher than the behavior level. However, the knowledge, attitude, and behavior levels differed depending on the use of radiation sources and the users. There were statistically significant differences between material and physical environment factors in the behavior variable, and the level of safety managers' behaviors was higher than that of workers. Overall, radiation workers were positive about the need for radiation safety management and appropriate environment and education systems in order to ensure safety practices. As a result of the comparison between groups according to the use of radiation sources, the level of knowledge, attitude, and behavior were all different. Behavior levels were the lowest especially in the institutions that only used opened sources. The result of multiple linear regression analysis using the behavior of radiation workers as the dependent variable showed that the level of radiation safety management behavior was affected by knowledge levels of material and human factors. The Korean legal and education systems should be supplemented to enable them to use radiation sources efficiently and practice safety. Efforts must be made to optimize radiation safety culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The road accident problem is currently one of the most important issues in the health and social policies of states on all continents. Almost 1.3 million people die on the road every day, and 20-50 million people suffer severe injuries, most of which require long-term treatment. The aim of the study was to find the most frequent and permanent causes of road accidents and to present actions that should create the basis for the development of road safety strategies and programs at local and global levels. A comparative analysis of the literature on road safety shows that, although road accidents have the most common and often complex undertow, their causes have changed a little over the years. Strategies and programs to improve road safety should include the following actions: reducing exposure to accidents, preventing accidents, reducing injuries caused by accidents, reducing injuries by improving the accident medical care.

Floods are one of the most common and severe natural disasters attributed to climate change that affect the globe, especially in the less-resourced countries in the global south, including those in Eastern Africa (E.A). They have been increasingly reported to occur in the past decades in E.A, and it is crucial to understand their underlying risk factors before planning their relevant mitigation interventions. In this case, drawing on the results of a rapid review conducted a priori, this study used the Haddon matrix (HM) to explore and analyze the anthropogenic drivers of floods in ten partner countries of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in E.A, including Burundi, Djibouti, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda between 1990 and 2021. Accordingly, this study notes that the anthropogenic drivers that previously contributed to floods in the 10 partner countries of BRI in E.A were diverse, multifaceted, interrelated, and revolved around challenges of environmental degradation and encroachment on biodiversity and ecosystems, infrastructural and drainage systems, urbanization and physical planning, and socioeconomic development and the livelihood of the population. Efforts to tackle these challenges ought to be aligned with the implementation of the BRI agenda. In particular, this should draw on various opportunities contained in the BRI, as well as the Chinese success and vast experience in poverty alleviation and DRR. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to apply the HM in exploring the anthropogenic drivers of floods in the context of the BRI partner countries in the E.A and should act as a reference for further research on a similar subject matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the contributing factors for wrong-way crashes on freeways based on information available from crash databases and crash reports, causal tables and a Haddon matrix are used to analyze fatal and injury-related crashes caused by wrong-way driving from 2004 to 2009 in Illinois. For the first step, causal tables are generated based on the police crash reports, in which the percentage of crashes caused by each factor is calculated. Based on these percentages, the contributing factors are ranked. Next, a Haddon matrix is developed for each wrong-way crash in which different factors are identified separately for periods before, during, and after the crash. These factors include drivers' age, drivers' condition, crash causes, vehicle types, vehicle maneuvers, roadway conditions, weather, and wrong-way entry points. For a crash with multiple contributing factors, a weighted point is calculated and assigned to each factor. The total points for each factor are used to rank the order of all contributing factors. Furthermore, a significance test is used to analyze the statistical significance of each of those factors. The analysis results indicate that alcohol impairment, darkness, and driver's age and skill are among the top contributing factors for wrong-way crashes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]