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2. The GRAVITY+ Project: Towards All-sky, Faint-Science, High-Contrast Near-Infrared Interferometry at the VLTI

Author

Collaboration, GRAVITY, Abuter, Roberto, Alarcon, Patricio, Allouche, Fatme, Amorim, Antonio, Bailet, Christophe, Bedigan, Helen, Berdeu, Anthony, Berger, Jean-Philippe, Berio, Philippe, Bigioli, Azzurra, Blaho, Richard, Boebion, Olivier, Bolzer, Marie-Lena, Bonnet, Henri, Bourdarot, Guillaume, Bourget, Pierre, Brandner, Wolfgang, Cardenas, Cesar, Conzelmann, Ralf, Comin, Mauro, Clénet, Yann, Courtney-Barrer, Benjamin, Dallilar, Yigit, Davies, Ric, Defrère, Denis, Delboulbé, Alain, Delplancke-Ströbele, Françoise, Dembet, Roderick, de Zeeuw, Tim, Drescher, Antonia, Eckart, Andreas, Édouard, Clemence, Eisenhauer, Frank, Fabricius, Maximilian, Feuchtgruber, Helmut, Finger, Gert, Schreiber, Natascha M. Förster, Fuenteseca, Eloy, Garcia, Enrique, Garcia, Paulo, Gao, Feng, Gendron, Eric, Genzel, Reinhard, Gil, Juan Pablo, Gillessen, Stefan, Gomes, Tiago, Gonté, Frédéric, Gouvret, Carole, Guajardo, Patricia, Guidolin, Ivan, Guieu, Sylvain, Guzmann, Ronald, Hackenberg, Wolfgang, Haddad, Nicolas, Hartl, Michael, Haubois, Xavier, Haußmann, Frank, Heißel, Gernot, Henning, Thomas, Hippler, Stefan, Hönig, Sebastian, Horrobin, Matthew, Hubin, Norbert, Jacqmart, Estelle, Jocou, Laurent, Kaufer, Andreas, Kervella, Pierre, Kirchbauer, Jean-Paul, Kolb, Johan, Korhonen, Heidi, Kreidberg, Laura, Krempl, Peter, Lacour, Sylvestre, Lagarde, Stephane, Lai, Olivier, Lapeyrère, Vincent, Laugier, Romain, Bouquin, Jean-Baptiste Le, Leftley, James, Léna, Pierre, Lewis, Steffan, Lutz, Dieter, Magnard, Yves, Mang, Felix, Marcotto, Aurelie, Maurel, Didier, Mérand, Antoine, Millour, Florentin, More, Nikhil, Nowack, Hugo, Nowak, Matthias, Oberti, Sylvain, Olivares, Francisco, Ott, Thomas, Pallanca, Laurent, Paumard, Thibaut, Perraut, Karine, Perrin, Guy, Petrov, Romain, Pfuhl, Oliver, Pourré, Nicolas, Rabien, Sebastian, Rau, Christian, Riquelme, Miguel, Robbe-Dubois, Sylvie, Rochat, Sylvain, Salman, Muhammad, Scherbarth, Malte, Schöller, Markus, Schubert, Joseph, Schuhler, Nicolas, Shangguan, Jinyi, Shchekaturov, Pavel, Shimizu, Taro, Scheithauer, Silvia, Sevin, Arnaud, Soenke, Christian, Soulez, Ferreol, Spang, Alain, Stadler, Eric, Straubmeier, Christian, Sturm, Eckhard, Sykes, Calvin, Tacconi, Linda, Tischer, Helmut, Tristram, Konrad, Vincent, Frédéric, von Fellenberg, Sebastiano, Uysal, Sinem, Widmann, Felix, Wieprecht, Ekkehard, Wiezorrek, Erich, Woillez, Julien, Yazıcı, Şenol, and Zins, Gérard

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The GRAVITY instrument has been revolutionary for near-infrared interferometry by pushing sensitivity and precision to previously unknown limits. With the upgrade of GRAVITY and the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) in GRAVITY+, these limits will be pushed even further, with vastly improved sky coverage, as well as faint-science and high-contrast capabilities. This upgrade includes the implementation of wide-field off-axis fringe-tracking, new adaptive optics systems on all Unit Telescopes, and laser guide stars in an upgraded facility. GRAVITY+ will open up the sky to the measurement of black hole masses across cosmic time in hundreds of active galactic nuclei, use the faint stars in the Galactic centre to probe General Relativity, and enable the characterisation of dozens of young exoplanets to study their formation, bearing the promise of another scientific revolution to come at the VLTI., Comment: Published in the ESO Messenger

Published
2023
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3. Aerodynamic and Structural Design of a Winglet for Enhanced Performance of a Business Jet

Author

El Haddad, Nicolas and El Haddad, Nicolas

Subjects
Airplanes Wings Design and construction., Airplanes, Company Performance., Airplanes Wings Design and construction
Abstract

The preliminary design of a winglet to improve the range and fuel burn of the Falcon 10 business jet is presented. Twelve candidate geometries were studied varying the cant angle and the span. The configuration offering the best compromise between induced drag reduction, profile drag increase and weight increase due to the winglet structure and necessary wing structural reinforcement was selected. More refined analysis was performed for that winglet with Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics and finite element analysis. Range and fuel burn were finally calculated for a typical mission using these refined results. The selected winglet, with a span of 3.219 ft, a cant angle of 45° and a sweep angle of 40° increases range by 3.3% and saves about 3.8% of fuel on a 1200 Nm mission.

Published
2024

4. Current Teaching Methods in STEM Departments -- A Road Map for Fundamental University Educational Reform: Evidence from Lebanon

Author

Sabat, Mira, Abdel-Massih, Roula M., Kanaan, Amjad, Salloum, Sara, Serhan, Mireille, Fares, Roula, Haddad, Nicolas, and Melki, Antoine

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to: (1) explore existing practices of STEM faculty at a private Lebanese university and (2) assess the extent of implementation of active learning among faculty members of selected STEM departments. Design/methodology/approach: The Working Group on "Integrating Modern Scientific teaching methodologies in STEM" (IM-STEM) at a tertiary university in Lebanon advocates for novel research-based methods to enhance STEM education. This pilot study investigated, using a modified version of the Wieman and Gilbert "Teaching Practices Inventory", the current teaching methods used by faculty members in selected STEM departments. Findings: Remarkably, most respondents admit a willingness to incorporate new teaching methods. Main findings indicate that traditional teaching via didactic lecturing remains prevalent in the STEM classrooms at the tertiary academic institution in Lebanon despite sporadic individual efforts by faculty members to utilize unconventional methods and active learning. Research limitations/implications: One major limitation that influenced the efficiency of this study is the small number of respondents (71 faculty members). More in-depth data collection combining quantitative and qualitative data should be done in future studies. Practical implications: Gaining insight into the actual methods used in STEM fields in various departments can help the university management to better understand the key importance of educational reform. Originality/value: The main value of this paper is to serve as a prelude for educational reform at a tertiary academic institution.

Published
2022
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6. The GRAVITY+ Project: Towards All-sky, Faint-Science, High-Contrast Near-Infrared Interferometry at the VLTI

Author

Collaboration, GRAVITY+, Abuter, Roberto, Alarcon, Patricio, Allouche, Fatme, Amorim, Antonio, Bailet, Christophe, Bedigan, Helen, Berdeu, Anthony, Berger, Jean-Philippe, Berio, Philippe, Bigioli, Azzurra, Blaho, Richard, Boebion, Olivier, Bolzer, Marie-Lena, Bonnet, Henri, Bourdarot, Guillaume, Bourget, Pierre, Brandner, Wolfgang, Cardenas, Cesar, Conzelmann, Ralf, Comin, Mauro, Clénet, Yann, Courtney-Barrer, Benjamin, Dallilar, Yigit, Davies, Ric, Defrère, Denis, Delboulbé, Alain, Delplancke-Ströbele, Françoise, Dembet, Roderick, de Zeeuw, Tim, Drescher, Antonia, Eckart, Andreas, Édouard, Clemence, Eisenhauer, Frank, Fabricius, Maximilian, Feuchtgruber, Helmut, Finger, Gert, Schreiber, Natascha M. Förster, Fuenteseca, Eloy, Garcia, Enrique, Garcia, Paulo, Gao, Feng, Gendron, Eric, Genzel, Reinhard, Gil, Juan Pablo, Gillessen, Stefan, Gomes, Tiago, Gonté, Frédéric, Gouvret, Carole, Guajardo, Patricia, Guidolin, Ivan, Guieu, Sylvain, Guzmann, Ronald, Hackenberg, Wolfgang, Haddad, Nicolas, Hartl, Michael, Haubois, Xavier, Haußmann, Frank, Heißel, Gernot, Henning, Thomas, Hippler, Stefan, Hönig, Sebastian, Horrobin, Matthew, Hubin, Norbert, Jacqmart, Estelle, Jocou, Laurent, Kaufer, Andreas, Kervella, Pierre, Kirchbauer, Jean-Paul, Kolb, Johan, Korhonen, Heidi, Kreidberg, Laura, Krempl, Peter, Lacour, Sylvestre, Lagarde, Stephane, Lai, Olivier, Lapeyrère, Vincent, Laugier, Romain, Bouquin, Jean-Baptiste Le, Leftley, James, Léna, Pierre, Lewis, Steffan, Lutz, Dieter, Magnard, Yves, Mang, Felix, Marcotto, Aurelie, Maurel, Didier, Mérand, Antoine, Millour, Florentin, More, Nikhil, Nowack, Hugo, Nowak, Matthias, Oberti, Sylvain, Olivares, Francisco, Ott, Thomas, Pallanca, Laurent, Paumard, Thibaut, Perraut, Karine, Perrin, Guy, Petrov, Romain, Pfuhl, Oliver, Pourré, Nicolas, Rabien, Sebastian, Rau, Christian, Riquelme, Miguel, Robbe-Dubois, Sylvie, Rochat, Sylvain, Salman, Muhammad, Scherbarth, Malte, Schöller, Markus, Schubert, Joseph, Schuhler, Nicolas, Shangguan, Jinyi, Shchekaturov, Pavel, Shimizu, Taro, Scheithauer, Silvia, Sevin, Arnaud, Soenke, Christian, Soulez, Ferreol, Spang, Alain, Stadler, Eric, Straubmeier, Christian, Sturm, Eckhard, Sykes, Calvin, Tacconi, Linda, Tischer, Helmut, Tristram, Konrad, Vincent, Frédéric, von Fellenberg, Sebastiano, Uysal, Sinem, Widmann, Felix, Wieprecht, Ekkehard, Wiezorrek, Erich, Woillez, Julien, Yazıcı, Şenol, Zins, Gérard, Collaboration, GRAVITY+, Abuter, Roberto, Alarcon, Patricio, Allouche, Fatme, Amorim, Antonio, Bailet, Christophe, Bedigan, Helen, Berdeu, Anthony, Berger, Jean-Philippe, Berio, Philippe, Bigioli, Azzurra, Blaho, Richard, Boebion, Olivier, Bolzer, Marie-Lena, Bonnet, Henri, Bourdarot, Guillaume, Bourget, Pierre, Brandner, Wolfgang, Cardenas, Cesar, Conzelmann, Ralf, Comin, Mauro, Clénet, Yann, Courtney-Barrer, Benjamin, Dallilar, Yigit, Davies, Ric, Defrère, Denis, Delboulbé, Alain, Delplancke-Ströbele, Françoise, Dembet, Roderick, de Zeeuw, Tim, Drescher, Antonia, Eckart, Andreas, Édouard, Clemence, Eisenhauer, Frank, Fabricius, Maximilian, Feuchtgruber, Helmut, Finger, Gert, Schreiber, Natascha M. Förster, Fuenteseca, Eloy, Garcia, Enrique, Garcia, Paulo, Gao, Feng, Gendron, Eric, Genzel, Reinhard, Gil, Juan Pablo, Gillessen, Stefan, Gomes, Tiago, Gonté, Frédéric, Gouvret, Carole, Guajardo, Patricia, Guidolin, Ivan, Guieu, Sylvain, Guzmann, Ronald, Hackenberg, Wolfgang, Haddad, Nicolas, Hartl, Michael, Haubois, Xavier, Haußmann, Frank, Heißel, Gernot, Henning, Thomas, Hippler, Stefan, Hönig, Sebastian, Horrobin, Matthew, Hubin, Norbert, Jacqmart, Estelle, Jocou, Laurent, Kaufer, Andreas, Kervella, Pierre, Kirchbauer, Jean-Paul, Kolb, Johan, Korhonen, Heidi, Kreidberg, Laura, Krempl, Peter, Lacour, Sylvestre, Lagarde, Stephane, Lai, Olivier, Lapeyrère, Vincent, Laugier, Romain, Bouquin, Jean-Baptiste Le, Leftley, James, Léna, Pierre, Lewis, Steffan, Lutz, Dieter, Magnard, Yves, Mang, Felix, Marcotto, Aurelie, Maurel, Didier, Mérand, Antoine, Millour, Florentin, More, Nikhil, Nowack, Hugo, Nowak, Matthias, Oberti, Sylvain, Olivares, Francisco, Ott, Thomas, Pallanca, Laurent, Paumard, Thibaut, Perraut, Karine, Perrin, Guy, Petrov, Romain, Pfuhl, Oliver, Pourré, Nicolas, Rabien, Sebastian, Rau, Christian, Riquelme, Miguel, Robbe-Dubois, Sylvie, Rochat, Sylvain, Salman, Muhammad, Scherbarth, Malte, Schöller, Markus, Schubert, Joseph, Schuhler, Nicolas, Shangguan, Jinyi, Shchekaturov, Pavel, Shimizu, Taro, Scheithauer, Silvia, Sevin, Arnaud, Soenke, Christian, Soulez, Ferreol, Spang, Alain, Stadler, Eric, Straubmeier, Christian, Sturm, Eckhard, Sykes, Calvin, Tacconi, Linda, Tischer, Helmut, Tristram, Konrad, Vincent, Frédéric, von Fellenberg, Sebastiano, Uysal, Sinem, Widmann, Felix, Wieprecht, Ekkehard, Wiezorrek, Erich, Woillez, Julien, Yazıcı, Şenol, and Zins, Gérard

Abstract

The GRAVITY instrument has been revolutionary for near-infrared interferometry by pushing sensitivity and precision to previously unknown limits. With the upgrade of GRAVITY and the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) in GRAVITY+, these limits will be pushed even further, with vastly improved sky coverage, as well as faint-science and high-contrast capabilities. This upgrade includes the implementation of wide-field off-axis fringe-tracking, new adaptive optics systems on all Unit Telescopes, and laser guide stars in an upgraded facility. GRAVITY+ will open up the sky to the measurement of black hole masses across cosmic time in hundreds of active galactic nuclei, use the faint stars in the Galactic centre to probe General Relativity, and enable the characterisation of dozens of young exoplanets to study their formation, bearing the promise of another scientific revolution to come at the VLTI., Comment: Published in the ESO Messenger

Published
2023
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7. InSight Mars Lander Robotics Instrument Deployment System

Author

Trebi-Ollennu, A., Kim, Won, Ali, Khaled, Khan, Omair, Sorice, Cristina, Bailey, Philip, Umland, Jeffrey, Bonitz, Robert, Ciarleglio, Constance, Knight, Jennifer, Haddad, Nicolas, Klein, Kerry, Nowak, Scott, Klein, Daniel, Onufer, Nicholas, Glazebrook, Kenneth, Kobeissi, Brad, Baez, Enrique, Sarkissian, Felix, Badalian, Menooa, Abarca, Hallie, Deen, Robert G., Yen, Jeng, Myint, Steven, Maki, Justin, Pourangi, Ali, Grinblat, Jonathan, Bone, Brian, Warner, Noah, Singer, Jaime, Ervin, Joan, and Lin, Justin

Published
2018
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8. Keeping Control: PULPO 2

Author

Geimer, Christoph, Cumani, Claudio, Haddad, Nicolas, Reyes, Javier, Valenzuela, Javier, Lopez, Bernhard, Beletic, Jenna E., editor, Beletic, James W., editor, and Amico, Paola, editor

Published
2006
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9. Upgrade of Eso’s Fiera CCD Controller and Pulpo Subsystem

Author

Reyes-Moreno, Javier, Geimer, Christoph, Balestra, Andrea, Haddad, Nicolas, Burton, W. B., editor, Kuijpers, J. M. E., editor, Van Den Heuvel, E. P. J., editor, Van Der Laan, H., editor, Amico, Paola, editor, Beletic, James W., editor, and Beletic, Jenna E., editor

Published
2004
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10. The GRAVITY+ Project: Towards All-sky, Faint-Science, High-Contrast Near-Infrared Interferometry at the VLTI

Author

Collaboration, GRAVITY+, Abuter, Roberto, Alarcon, Patricio, Allouche, Fatme, Amorim, Antonio, Bailet, Christophe, Bedigan, Helen, Berdeu, Anthony, Berger, Jean-Philippe, Berio, Philippe, Bigioli, Azzurra, Blaho, Richard, Boebion, Olivier, Bolzer, Marie-Lena, Bonnet, Henri, Bourdarot, Guillaume, Bourget, Pierre, Brandner, Wolfgang, Cardenas, Cesar, Conzelmann, Ralf, Comin, Mauro, Clénet, Yann, Courtney-Barrer, Benjamin, Dallilar, Yigit, Davies, Ric, Defrère, Denis, Delboulbé, Alain, Delplancke-Ströbele, Françoise, Dembet, Roderick, de Zeeuw, Tim, Drescher, Antonia, Eckart, Andreas, Édouard, Clemence, Eisenhauer, Frank, Fabricius, Maximilian, Feuchtgruber, Helmut, Finger, Gert, Schreiber, Natascha M. Förster, Fuenteseca, Eloy, Garcia, Enrique, Garcia, Paulo, Gao, Feng, Gendron, Eric, Genzel, Reinhard, Gil, Juan Pablo, Gillessen, Stefan, Gomes, Tiago, Gonté, Frédéric, Gouvret, Carole, Guajardo, Patricia, Guidolin, Ivan, Guieu, Sylvain, Guzmann, Ronald, Hackenberg, Wolfgang, Haddad, Nicolas, Hartl, Michael, Haubois, Xavier, Haußmann, Frank, Heißel, Gernot, Henning, Thomas, Hippler, Stefan, Hönig, Sebastian, Horrobin, Matthew, Hubin, Norbert, Jacqmart, Estelle, Jocou, Laurent, Kaufer, Andreas, Kervella, Pierre, Kirchbauer, Jean-Paul, Kolb, Johan, Korhonen, Heidi, Kreidberg, Laura, Krempl, Peter, Lacour, Sylvestre, Lagarde, Stephane, Lai, Olivier, Lapeyrère, Vincent, Laugier, Romain, Bouquin, Jean-Baptiste Le, Leftley, James, Léna, Pierre, Lewis, Steffan, Lutz, Dieter, Magnard, Yves, Mang, Felix, Marcotto, Aurelie, Maurel, Didier, Mérand, Antoine, Millour, Florentin, More, Nikhil, Nowack, Hugo, Nowak, Matthias, Oberti, Sylvain, Olivares, Francisco, Ott, Thomas, Pallanca, Laurent, Paumard, Thibaut, Perraut, Karine, Perrin, Guy, Petrov, Romain, Pfuhl, Oliver, Pourré, Nicolas, Rabien, Sebastian, Rau, Christian, Riquelme, Miguel, Robbe-Dubois, Sylvie, Rochat, Sylvain, Salman, Muhammad, Scherbarth, Malte, Schöller, Markus, Schubert, Joseph, Schuhler, Nicolas, Shangguan, Jinyi, Shchekaturov, Pavel, Shimizu, Taro, Scheithauer, Silvia, Sevin, Arnaud, Soenke, Christian, Soulez, Ferreol, Spang, Alain, Stadler, Eric, Straubmeier, Christian, Sturm, Eckhard, Sykes, Calvin, Tacconi, Linda, Tischer, Helmut, Tristram, Konrad, Vincent, Frédéric, von Fellenberg, Sebastiano, Uysal, Sinem, Widmann, Felix, Wieprecht, Ekkehard, Wiezorrek, Erich, Woillez, Julien, Yazıcı, Şenol, and Zins, Gérard

Subjects
FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract

The GRAVITY instrument has been revolutionary for near-infrared interferometry by pushing sensitivity and precision to previously unknown limits. With the upgrade of GRAVITY and the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) in GRAVITY+, these limits will be pushed even further, with vastly improved sky coverage, as well as faint-science and high-contrast capabilities. This upgrade includes the implementation of wide-field off-axis fringe-tracking, new adaptive optics systems on all Unit Telescopes, and laser guide stars in an upgraded facility. GRAVITY+ will open up the sky to the measurement of black hole masses across cosmic time in hundreds of active galactic nuclei, use the faint stars in the Galactic centre to probe General Relativity, and enable the characterisation of dozens of young exoplanets to study their formation, bearing the promise of another scientific revolution to come at the VLTI., Comment: Published in the ESO Messenger

Published
2022
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16. Magnetic Shield for Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigerators (ADR)

Author

Chui, Talso C and Haddad, Nicolas E

Subjects
Man/System Technology And Life Support
Abstract

A new method was developed for creating a less expensive shield for ADRs using 1018 carbon steel. This shield has been designed to have similar performance to the expensive vanadium permendur shields, but the cost is 30 to 50% less. Also, these shields can be stocked in a variety of sizes, eliminating the need for special forgings, which also greatly reduces cost.

Published
2013

17. Coring Sample Acquisition Tool

Author

Haddad, Nicolas E, Murray, Saben D, Walkemeyer, Phillip E, Badescu, Mircea, Sherrit, Stewart, Bao, Xiaoqi, Kriechbaum, Kristopher L, Richardson, Megan, and Klein, Kerry J

Subjects
Mechanical Engineering
Abstract

A sample acquisition tool (SAT) has been developed that can be used autonomously to sample drill and capture rock cores. The tool is designed to accommodate core transfer using a sample tube to the IMSAH (integrated Mars sample acquisition and handling) SHEC (sample handling, encapsulation, and containerization) without ever touching the pristine core sample in the transfer process.

Published
2012

22. Microcontroller System Design Using PIC18F Processors

Author

Haddad, Nicolas K., IGI Global, Haddad, Nicolas K., and IGI Global

Subjects
PIC microcontrollers--Programming, Programmable controllers--Design and construction, Programmable controllers--Equipment and supplies
Abstract

Recent advancements in technology have led to significant improvements in designing various electronic systems. This provides a wide range of different components that can be utilized across numerous applications. Microcontroller System Design Using PIC18F Processors provides comprehensive discussions on strategies and techniques for optimizing microprocessor-based electronic system development and examines methods for acquiring improved software and hardware skills. Highlighting innovative concepts across a range of topics, such as serial peripheral interfaces, addressing modes, and asynchronous communications, this book is an ideal information source for professionals, researchers, academics, engineers, practitioners, and programmers.

Published
2017

23. Current teaching methods in STEM departments – A road map for fundamental university educational reform: evidence from Lebanon

Author

Sabat, Mira, Abdel-Massih, Roula M., Kanaan, Amjad, Salloum, Sara, Serhan, Mireille, Fares, Roula, Haddad, Nicolas, and Melki, Antoine

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to: (1) explore existing practices of STEM faculty at a private Lebanese university and (2) assess the extent of implementation of active learning among faculty members of selected STEM departments. Design/methodology/approach: The Working Group on “Integrating Modern Scientific teaching methodologies in STEM” (IM-STEM) at a tertiary university in Lebanon advocates for novel research-based methods to enhance STEM education. This pilot study investigated, using a modified version of the Wieman and Gilbert “Teaching Practices Inventory”, the current teaching methods used by faculty members in selected STEM departments. Findings: Remarkably, most respondents admit a willingness to incorporate new teaching methods. Main findings indicate that traditional teaching via didactic lecturing remains prevalent in the STEM classrooms at the tertiary academic institution in Lebanon despite sporadic individual efforts by faculty members to utilize unconventional methods and active learning. Research limitations/implications: One major limitation that influenced the efficiency of this study is the small number of respondents (71 faculty members). More in-depth data collection combining quantitative and qualitative data should be done in future studies. Practical implications: Gaining insight into the actual methods used in STEM fields in various departments can help the university management to better understand the key importance of educational reform. Originality/value: The main value of this paper is to serve as a prelude for educational reform at a tertiary academic institution.

Published
2021
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28. Keeping Control: PULPO 2

Author

Geimer, Christoph, primary, Cumani, Claudio, additional, Haddad, Nicolas, additional, Reyes, Javier, additional, Valenzuela, Javier, additional, and Lopez, Bernhard, additional

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29. The Very Large Telescope Interferometer: an update

Author

Haguenauer, Pierre, primary, Abuter, Roberto, additional, Alonso, Jaime, additional, Argomedo, Javier, additional, Bauvir, Bertrand, additional, Blanchard, Guillaume, additional, Bonnet, Henri, additional, Brillant, Stéphane, additional, Cantzler, Michael, additional, Derie, Frédéric, additional, Delplancke, Françoise, additional, Di Lieto, Nicola, additional, Dupuy, Christophe, additional, Durand, Yves, additional, Gitton, Philippe, additional, Gilli, Bruno, additional, Glindemann, Andreas, additional, Guniat, Serge, additional, Guisard, Stéphane, additional, Haddad, Nicolas, additional, Hudepohl, Gerhard, additional, Hummel, Christian, additional, Jesuran, Nathaniel, additional, Kaufer, Andreas, additional, Koehler, Bertrand, additional, Le Bouquin, Jean-Baptiste, additional, Lév"que, Samuel, additional, Lidman, Christopher, additional, Mardones, Pedro, additional, Ménardi, Serge, additional, Morel, Sébastien, additional, Percheron, Isabelle, additional, Petr-Gotzens, Monika, additional, Phan Duc, Than, additional, Puech, Florence, additional, Ramirez, Andres, additional, Rantakyrö, Fredrik, additional, Richichi, Andrea, additional, Rivinius, Thomas, additional, Sahlmann, Johannes, additional, Sandrock, Stefan, additional, Schöller, Markus, additional, Schuhler, Nicolas, additional, Somboli, Fabio, additional, Stefl, Stanislav, additional, Tapia, Mario, additional, Van Belle, Gerard, additional, Wallander, Anders, additional, Wehner, Stefan, additional, and Wittkowski, Markus, additional

Published
2008
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31. The Very Large Telescope Interferometer: an update.

Author

Haguenauer, Pierre, Abuter, Roberto, Alonso, Jaime, Argomedo, Javier, Bauvir, Bertrand, Blanchard, Guillaume, Bonnet, Henri, Brillant, Stéphane, Cantzler, Michael, Derie, Frédéric, Delplancke, Françoise, Di Lieto, Nicola, Dupuy, Christophe, Durand, Yves, Gitton, Philippe, Gilli, Bruno, Glindemann, Andreas, Guniat, Serge, Guisard, Stéphane, and Haddad, Nicolas

Published
2008
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33. Light interception and partitioning between shoots in apple cultivars influenced by training.

Author

Stephan, Jean, Sinoquet, Hervé, Donès, Nicolas, Haddad, Nicolas, Talhouk, Salma, and Lauri, Pierre-Éric

Subjects
APPLES, CULTIVARS, PLANT shoots, HABITAT partitioning (Ecology), LEAVES, FRUIT development
Abstract

The effect of two training systems (Central Leader with branch pruning versus Centrifugal Training with minimal pruning, i.e., removal of fruiting laterals only) on canopy structure and light interception was analyzed in three architecturally contrasting apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars: ‘Scarletspur Delicious’ (Type II); ‘Golden Delicious’ (Type III); and ‘Granny Smith’ (Type IV). Trees were 3D-digitized at the shoot scale at the 2004 and 2005 harvests. Shoots were separated according to length (short versus long) and type (fruiting versus vegetative). Leaf area density (LAD) and its relative variance (ξ), total leaf area (TLA) and crown volume (V) varied consistently with cultivar. ‘Scarletspur Delicious’ had higher LAD and ξ and lower TLA and V compared with the other cultivars with more open canopies. At the whole-tree scale, training had no effect on structure and light interception parameters (silhouette to total area ratio, STAR; projected leaf area, PLA). At the shoot scale, Centrifugal Training increased STAR values compared with Central Leader. In both training systems, vegetative shoots had higher STAR values than fruiting shoots. However, vegetative and fruiting shoots had similar TLA and PLA in Centrifugal Trained trees, whereas vegetative shoots had higher TLA and PLA than fruiting shoots in Central Leader trees. This unbalanced distribution of leaf area and light interception between shoot types in Central Leader trees partly resulted from the high proportion of long vegetative shoots that developed from latent buds. These shoots developed in the interior shaded zone of the canopy and therefore had low STAR and PLA. In conclusion, training may greatly affect the development and spatial positioning of shoots, which in turn significantly affects light interception by fruiting shoots. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2008
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