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Objective To analyse postoperative audiological findings in fenestral otosclerosis patients treated with stapedotomy, focal location-extensiveness findings on temporal high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), and intraoperative macroscopic stapes footplate findings. Moreover, preoperative audiological findings were compared with HRCT and intraoperative macroscopic findings. Study design An observational study. Place and duration of study Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Turkey from January 2015 to January 2018. Methodology Patients were classified according to the temporal bone HRCT findings into three groups based on otosclerotic focus location and extensiveness. Macroscopic classification was based on the intraoperative findings of blue and white footplate. Patients with obliterative otosclerosis were not included in the study. Preoperative and postoperative audiological findings as well as surgical success were investigated. Findings were compared with HRCT and macroscopic classification groups. Results Postoperative air bone gap (ABG) increased as HRCT class increased from 0 to 3, meaning a more extensive otosclerotic focus (p=0.002). The comparison of the audiological outcomes, in accordance with the intraoperative findings, revealed that the postoperative air conduction pure-tone averages (AC PTA), ABG and ABG difference were higher in the white footplate group, with statistically significant differences compared to blue footplate group (p = 0.039, p = 0.001 and p=0.029, respectively). Conclusion Postoperative audiological findings were found to be correlated with intraoperative and HRCT findings. A white footplate seen at surgery or a more extensive otosclerotic focus on temporal HRCT indicates a suboptimal audiological outcome. HRCT findings should be taken into account when planning the surgery. Key Words: Otosclerosis, Temporal bone HRCT, Footplate color, Stapedotomy, Audiometry.

Aim: In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between sphenoid sinus pneuma¬tization and the angle of the Eustachian tube. Methods: The study included a total of 158 patients. The Eustachian tube angle (ETA) was measured and sphenoid pneumatization was classified in the coronal plane. Results: According to the coronal classification of sphenoid pneumatization, 52 (16%) hemi-sphenoids were type 1, 177 (56%) hemi-sphenoids were type 2, and 87 (27.5%) hemi-sphe¬noids were type 3. According to the sagittal classification, 24 (7.6%) hemi-sphenoids were pre-sellar, 101 (32%) hemi-sphenoids were sellar, and 191 (60.4%) hemi-sphenoids were post-sellar. The mean ETA in coronal classification was 24.71±3.35, 25.03±3.24, and 25.90±3.10 de¬grees for the type 1, type 2, and type 3 classes, respectively. The angle showed a gradual increase from type 1 to type 3, and it was found that ETA was statistically significantly wider in cases with lateral recess pneumatization (type 3, post-rotundum) than in type 2 and type 1 pneumatizations (p=0.039, p=0.035, respectively). Conclusion: ETA is increased in patients with lateral recess pneumatization., Amaç: Bu çalışmada sfenoid sinüs pnömatizasyonu ile Östaki tüpünün açısı arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmak amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışma toplam 158 hasta içerdi. Östaki tüpü açısı (ÖTA) ölçüldü ve sfe¬noid pnömatizasyonu koronal planda sınıflandırıldı. Bulgular: Sfenoid pnömatizasyonunun koronal tasnifine göre 52 (%16) hemi-sfenoid tip 1, 177 (%56) hemi-sfenoid tip 2 ve 87 (%27,5) hemi-sfenoid tip 3 idi. Sagital tasnife göre 24 (%7,6) hemi-sfenoid pre-sellar, 101 (%32) hemi-sfenoid sellar ve 191 (%60,4) hemi-sfenoid post-sellar idi. Koronal tasnifte ortalama ÖTA tip 1, tip 2 ve tip 3 sınıfları için sırasıyla 24,71±3,35; 25,03±3,24 ve 25,90±3,10 derece idi. Açı tip 1’den tip 3’e kademeli olarak artış gösterdi ve ÖTA’nın lateral reses pnömatizasyonlu hastalarda (tip 3, post-rotundum) tip 2 ve tip 1 pnömatizasyonlara kıyasla istatistiksel olarak anlamlı biçimde daha geniş olduğu tespit edildi (sırasıyla p=0,039; p=0,035). Sonuç: Lateral reses pnömatizasyonlu hastalarda ÖTA artmaktadır.

To evaluate, both subjectively and objectively, whether turbinate outfracture provides any additional benefit in the treatment of inferior turbinate hypertrophy when combined with radiofrequency ablation. The study was conducted on 58 patients diagnosed with inferior turbinate hypertrophy. The patients were randomly divided into two groups according to the treatment they receive. Group A consisted of patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation and Group B included patients undergoing turbinate outfracture in combination with radiofrequency ablation. For the purposes of objective evaluation, all patients underwent acoustic rhinometry and anterior rhinomanometry preoperatively and at 6 months postoperatively. In addition, for subjective evaluation, the patients completed the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) questionnaire. Postoperative changes in objective and subjective parameters in both groups versus the preoperative period and their differences were compared statistically. In Group A, mean postoperative minimal cross-sectional area (MCA) and nasal volume (NV) values and NOSE scores were significantly greater compared to those obtained in the preoperative period. Similarly, Group B showed significantly greater mean postoperative MCA, NV and NOSE score values compared to the preoperative period. In Group A and B, mean postoperative total nasal resistance (TNR) value was significantly lower in comparison to the preoperative period. The differences in mean preoperative and postoperative MCA, NV, TNR and NOSE scores were significantly greater in Group B versus Group A. The addition of turbinate outfracture to inferior turbinate radiofrequency ablation treatment provides both objective and subjective benefits in the resolution of nasal obstruction.

Olfactory sensory neurons and the olfactory mucosa are both important for optimal olfactory function. The potential nasal mucosal toxicity of chemotherapy regimens has not been assessed yet. The aim of this study was to objectively investigate the effect of chemotherapy on mucociliary clearance and olfactory function and to evaluate whether this effect differs between different chemotherapy regimens and age groups.The study included consecutive patients admitted for the treatment of a variety of primary tumors (except head and neck and brain malignancies). Patients were evaluated for olfaction and mucociliary clearance before and immediately after completing the last session of chemotherapy cycles, according to the therapeutic protocol. For objective evaluation, the saccharine test was used for mucociliary clearance and the Sniffin' Sticks test for olfactory function. Of the 46 initial patients, 30 completed the study. Groups were formed according to the chemotherapy regimen (four groups: CA (doxorubicin + cyclophosphamide), Folfox (oxaliplatin +5-FU + folinic acid), DCF (docetaxel + cisplatin +5-FU), and GC (gemcitabine + cisplatin)) and according to age (two groups:55 years and55 years).In the overall analyses, significant deterioration was noted in both mucociliary clearance time and smell scores (olfactory threshold (OT), olfactory discrimination (OD), olfactory identification (OI), and the composite threshold-discrimination-identification (TDI) score). The changes in these scores showed no significant differences between chemotherapy groups. The decrease in OT and global TDI scores was more severe in the younger age group.Chemotherapy impairs both the mucociliary clearance and olfactory function in cancer patients. This might reflect the collective negative effect of chemotherapy on olfactory function, not only through the neurocytotoxic effect but also the cytotoxic effect on the nasal mucosa. In addition, the reduction in olfactory threshold and total olfactory function scores was seen to be more profound in younger patients, which could have been due to higher initial scores.

To evaluate ordinary behavioral pattern suppression performance of individuals with tinnitus under disruptive effect using Stroop Color Word Interference Test-TBAG Form (SCWT), and to determine the impact of acoustic stimulus on this performance. 40 individuals with subjective tinnitus at Slight and higher severity according to Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) (16 females, 24 males; mean age: 42.02 ± 10.00) (Study group), and 40 healthy individuals (Control group) (18 females, 22 males; mean age: 38.85 ± 10.25) were included in this study. All individuals were subjected to audiological evaluation. SCWT was applied with and without acoustic stimulus (NB noise), and test completion durations were recorded. It was determined that the duration for completion of 5 sections of SCWT, both in the presence of and without acoustic stimulus, was longer in the Study group than the control group. In the presence of acoustic stimulus, it took longer for the individuals with tinnitus to complete sections 4 and 5, and the control group to complete sections 3, 4 and 5 in SCWT in comparison with the lack of acoustic stimulus. It was determined that SCWT performance of the individuals with tinnitus was worse than the individuals without tinnitus, both in the presence of and without acoustic stimulus. It was found that SCWT performances of both groups with acoustic stimulus were better than their test performances without acoustic stimulus.

To investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the effects of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) on olfactory functions. Study subjects consisted of patients with newly diagnosed OSAS divided by polysomnography into subgroups of mild, moderate, and severe disease. Subjects identified as not having OSAS served as controls. All subjects were subjected to the Sniffin’ Sticks test to evaluate olfactory functions. Control subjects and subgroups with OSAS were compared for sleep characteristics and olfactory scores. In the patient group, correlations were investigated between olfactory scores and polysomnographic parameters. Of 99 subjects (64 men), there were 20 controls, 23 with mild OSAS, 25 moderate, and 31 severe. There was a decreasing trend from the control group towards the severe subgroup in mean odor threshold, odor discrimination, odor identification, and threshold-discriminationidentification (TDI) scores. In the patient group, there was a strong inverse correlation between AHI and TDI scores (r = − 0.62, p < 0.001). Arousal index and TDI scores had a strong negative correlation (r = − 0.81, p < 0.001). There was a weak positive correlation between the minimum SPO2% and TDI scores (r = 0.34, p = 0.002) and a weak negative correlation between TST

Purpose: Vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) may be helpful in the diagnosis of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV). Video Head Impulse Test (vHIT) can effectively diagnose VOR deficits in vestibular disorders. Aims: The aim of this study is to investigate the significance of vHIT in determining the efficacy of therapeutic maneuvers in individuals with posterior semicircular canal BPPV. Materials and Methods: The study included 25 patients with posterior SCC BPPV (Study Group) between the ages of 19-65 years, 30 healthy individuals (Control Group). All individuals underwent otorhinolaryngologic examination, audiological evaluation with, videonystagmography and vHIT. The Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were administered to the individuals with posterior SCC BPPV for the intensity of dizziness and Modified Epley maneuver was performed 3 times at an interval of 3 days. The vHIT, DHI and VAS were re-administered to these individuals 1 week after improvement was detected in positional nystagmus. Results: There was no significant difference between the study and control groups in terms of vHIT gains for all bilateral SCCs before therapeutic maneuver (p>0.05). In the study group, there was no significant difference between vHIT gains of all bilateral SSCs before and after therapeutic maneuvers (p>0.05). No asymmetry or refixation saccades (overt and covert) were observed in any of the individuals in both groups during all measurements. Compared to before therapeutic maneuvers, there was a significant decrease in dizziness-related disability level assessed by DHI and intensity of dizziness assessed by VAS in the study group after the improvement (p

Objective To investigate the effect of weight loss after bariatric surgery on eustachian tube (ET) function with video endoscopy. Materials and methods The present study was conducted as a prospective cohort and was completed with 19 patients. Three-step tympanometry (basal, Toynbee, Valsalva), dynamic slow-motion video endoscopy, and the Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire-7 (ETDA-7) were applied to the patients preoperatively before bariatric surgery and in the postoperative 6th month. Dynamic slow-motion video endoscopy was graded between 0 and 3, or classified as patulous, as indicated in the literature. Results The mean body mass index of 6 male and 13 female patients decreased from 47.3 ± 4.6 to 31.2 ± 5.4. Grade decline (median 2 ± 1) was experienced in all patients in DSVE, and 1 patient resulted as patulous ET. The ETDA-7 scores decreased in 11 patients, remained stable in 7 patients, and increased in 1 patient with patulous ET. The statistical analysis of the preoperative and postoperative DSVE grading and ETDA-7 scores, excluding the patulous ET patient, was found to be significant (P = 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively). There was no significant change in any of the tympanometry parameters (P > 0.05). Conclusions Rapid weight loss with bariatric surgery results in an improvement in both the DSVE images and in the complaints of ET dysfunction in the majority of patients, but in some patients it may result in patulous ET. Therefore, preoperative evaluation of the ET with DSVE and questioning the patient's complaints are important in predicting patients who may develop patulous ET.

Laringeal noroendokrin karsinomlar larenksin nadir gorulen tumorleridir. Ellidokuz yasinda erkek hasta 5 ay once baslayan ses kisikligi, agrili yutma ve kilo kaybi sikayeti ile klinigimize basvurdu. Endoskopik muayenede sol ariepiglottik folddan, sol bant ventrikul ve ventrikule uzanimi olan kitle tespit edildi. Goruntuleme yontemlerini takiben, hastaya direkt laringoskopi yapildi ve biyopsi alindi. Biyopsi sonucu orta derecede diferansiye noroendokrin karsinom olarak raporlandi. Hastanin cerrahi tedaviyi kabul etmemesi uzerine, hastaya eszamanli radyokemoterapi planlandi. Tedavi sonrasi yedinci ayinda hastanin kitlesinde belirgin regresyon gozlendi. Orta derecede diferansiye noroendokrin karsinomda ilk tedavi secenegi cerrahi olmak ile birlikte vakamizda, tumorun es zamanli radyokemoterapi tedavisine cevap verdigi gozlendi.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether adenotonsillar size is a significant determinant of voice in children who have undergone adenotonsillectomy. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Ear Nose Throat Clinic, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, from July 2017 to June 2018. METHODOLOGY A total of 57 patients, who have been diagnosed with chronic adenotonsillitis and operated for obstruction or infection, were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups according to their palatine tonsil sizes. Each patient performed voice analysis preoperatively and one month postoperatively, recruiting both objective and subjective methods. F0, jitter % and shimmer % values were assessed with objective methods; while subjective methods evaluated pediatric voice handicap index (pVHI) scores. Pre- and post-operative F0, jitter % and shimmer % values and pVHI scores from each study group were compared. RESULTS In each study group, pre- and post-operative F0, jitter % and shimmer % values were found to be similar. In Group A, postoperative pVHI scores were found to be significantly reduced (p

Background: No studies have investigated the results of ossicular chain reconstruction using mastoid cortical bone ossiculoplasty (MCBO) and titanium total ossicular replacement prosthesis (TiTORP) in Austin-Kartush Group D cholesteatoma patients with severe middle ear risk index (MERI). Objectives: The present study aimed to compare the hearing results of MCBO and TiTORP in Austin-Kartush Group D cholesteatoma patients with severe MERI who underwent ossicular chain reconstruction during primary surgery. Methods: The hearing results of 28 adult cholesteatoma patients who underwent tympanomastoidectomy and ossicular chain reconstruction with MCBO (n=15) or TiTORP (n=13) were analyzed in the current study. The postoperative hearing was tested 12 months after the surgery. The hearing-related functional success rate was determined in accordance with the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation criteria. Results: When all patients were taken into account, the mean preoperative and postoperative air-bone gaps (ABG) were reported as 32.2 decibel (dB) and 17.6 dB, respectively, (P

Objective: Chronic otitis media (COM) treatment aims to obtain a dry middle ear mucosa as much as possible with medical treatment and to closure the perforation in the tympanic membrane with the help of various graft materials after the eradication of the disease. In the presence of perforation, the surface area of the tympanic membrane is decreases, which causes a decrease in the sound pressure in the middle ear and adversely affect hearing. At present, there is no globally accepted standardization of factors affecting anatomical success of the graft and hearing outcomes. In this study, the effect of perforation size and site in the tympanic membrane on anatomic success and hearing was investigated in cases where autogenic composite tragal cartilage graft material was used.Methods: The patients were classified in groups with respect to the perforation site (central or marginal) and size (large if the perforation comprised more than 50% of the membrane area, and small if it comprised less) in the tympanic membrane. Anatomical success and preoperative–postoperative mean air bone gap pure tone average (ABG PTA) values of the graft were separately calculated for each group, and the ratios were compared.Results: In 69 patients who underwent Type 1 tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy, 48 tympanic membrane perforations were central, 21 were marginal, 46 were small, and 23 were large. Graft anatomic success rates were 91.7% in the central group, 66.7% in the marginal group, 89.1% in the small group, and 73.9% in the large group. The anatomical success of the central group was found to be significantly higher than that of the marginal group. No difference was found between the small and large groups. When the effect on hearing was calculated, the postoperative hearing levels were significantly better in the central group.Conclusion: Perforation size had no effect on the anatomical success and hearing level of the graft, while the perforation site affected both the anatomical success of the graft and the hearing level.

Objective: To demonstrate the surgical efficacy of septoplasty using acoustic rhinometry (AR) and anterior rhinomanometry (ARM) and to evaluate the effect of septoplasty on voice performance through subjective voice analysis methods. Materials and Methods: This prospective study enrolled a total of 62 patients who underwent septoplasty with the diagnosis of deviated nasal septum. Thirteen patients with no postoperative improvement versus preoperative period as shown by AR and/or ARM tests and three patients with postoperative complications and four patients who were lost to follow-up were excluded. As a result, a total of 42 patients were included in the study. Objective tests including AR, ARM, acoustic voice analysis and spectrographic analysis were performed before the surgery and at 1 month and 3 months after the surgery. Subjective measures included the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation questionnaire to evaluate surgical success and Voice Handicap Index-30 tool for assessment of voice performance postoperatively, both completed by all study patients. Results: Among acoustic voice analysis parameters, F0, jitter, Harmonics-to-Noise Ratio values as well as formant frequency (F1-F2-F3-F4) values did not show significant differences postoperatively in comparison to the preoperative period (P > 0.05). Only the shimmer value was statistically significantly reduced at 1 month (P < 0.05) and 3 months postoperatively (P < 0.05) versus baseline. Statistically significant reductions in Voice Handicap Index-30 scores were observed at postoperative 1 month (P < 0.001) and 3 months (P < 0.001) compared to the preoperative period and between postoperative 1 month and 3 months (P < 0.05). Conclusion: In this study, first operative success of septoplasty was demonstrated through objective tests and then objective voice analyses were performed to better evaluate the overall effect of septoplasty on voice performance. Shimmer value was found to be improved in the early and late postoperative periods. © 2019 The Voice Foundation 2-s2.0-85061028378 PubMed: 30738782

Aim: To investigate the factors associated with the required level of positive airway pressure as determined by continuous positive airway pressure titration in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).Materials and Methods: A total of 87 OSAS patients were included in the study. The patients were assigned to two groups (low-pressure and high-pressure) based on the positive airway pressure level they required. The groups were compared with respect to baseline clinical characteristics, Muller maneuver findings and polysomnography findings. Results: There were 54 patients in the low-pressure group and 33 patients in the high-pressure group. No significant differences were found between low-pressure and high-pressure groups in terms of mean age, mean body mass index and gender distribution (p>0.05). A statistically significant higher rate of two level obstruction was found in the high-pressure group than in the low-pressure group (p=0.004). Comparison of the groups with respect to polysomnography findings showed mean apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) values of 42.88±26.63 and 54.16±31.29, mean rapid eye movement (REM)-AHI values of 37.38±30.72 and 58.21±26.09 and mean supine-AHI values of 66.04±32.98 and 64.03±31.15 in the low-pressure group versus high-pressure group, respectively. The mean AHI and supine-AHI values were not significantly different between the groups (p>0.05) but the high-pressure group showed a significantly greater mean REM-AHI in comparison to low-pressure group (p=0.002). Conclusion: The number of obstruction levels determined by Muller maneuver and REM-AHI appear to be the prominent factors affecting the positive airway pressure level required in OSAS patients

rd, 10 th , and 30 th days of the hearing loss. All patients received 1 mg/kg IV prednisolone treatment in tapered amounts to be completed in 15 days. Based on the improvements seen in the audiograms, the patients were divided into two groups: responders and non-responders to treatment. RESULTS: PLR and NLR values of the patient group were significantly higher than in the control group (p

Introduction: Mandibular metastases are quite rareand they constitute less than about %1 of the mandibular malignancies. Inmandibular metastatic cases, patients’ complaints generally include bonyswelling with pain, tooth pain and tooth loss. Mandibular metastatic lesionsmimic periodontal diseases; therefore careful examination is necessary. Indifferential diagnosis, osteosarcoma, which is a primary bone tumor, primaryintraosseous squamous carcinoma, ameloblastoma, and temporomandibular jointdiseases should be taken into consideration. Treatment modalities are surgeryand chemoradiotherapy. Because of the poor prognosis, the goal of the treatmentis only palliative.Case Report: A 51-year-old woman, operated due to rectal adenocarcinoma 3 years previously,was referred to our clinic with a complaint of swelling on the jaw. Cranialmagnetic resonance imaging and maxillofacial computedtomography revealed a mass that extended to condyle and lead to bonedestruction on the right ramus of the mandible. An incisional biopsy wasperformed. The histopathology was consistent with colorectal adenocarcinomametastasis. The patient was referred to a medical oncologist.Conclusion: Differential diagnosis of mandibular lesions should be made carefully,andmetastatic tumors should be kept in mind. In patients with history of lungcancer, breast cancer, colorectal carcinoma orsimilar tumors, oral findings such as tooth pain and tooth loss shouldbe taken into consideration, as these may be the signs of head and neckmetastases. Biopsy must be performed after radiologicalexamination., Tanıtım:Mandibula metastazları oldukça nadir görülür ve mandibula malignitelerininyaklaşık %1’inden daha azını teşkil eder. Mandibulaya metastaz olan olgulardahastalar genellikle çenede şişlik, çene kemiği ile dişlerde ağrı, ve diş kaybıgibi şikayetlerle başvururlar. Metastatik lezyonların belirtilerininperiodontal hastalıklarla karışma olasılığı nedeniyle dikkatli olmak gerekir veayırıcı tanıda primer kemik tümörü olan osteosarkom, primer intraosseöz skuamözkarsinom, ameloblastoma, temporomandibuler eklem hastalıkları akıldatutulmalıdır. Tedavi seçenekleri cerrahi ve ilave kemoradyoterapi olmaklabirlikte, prognoz kötüdür ve genellikle tedavi palyatif amaçlı yapılmaktadır.Olgu Bildirimi:Rektum adenokarsinomu nedeni ile 3 yıl önce opere olan 51 yaşında kadın hastakliniğimize çenede şişlik şikayeti ile başvurdu. Hastanın kraniyal manyetikrezonans ve maksillofasiyal bilgisayarlı tomografi görüntüleri incelendiğindesağ mandibula ramusunda, kondili de tutan kemikte yıkıma yol açan lezyontanımlandı. Hastaya yapılan insizyonel biyopsi sonrasında histopatolojik tanıkolorektal adenokarsinom ile uyumlu olarak raporlandı. Hasta medikal onkolojibölümüne yönlendirildi.Sonuç: Mandibula lezyonlarının ayırıcı tanısı çok dikkatlibir şekilde yapılmalı ve metastatik tümörlerin akılda tutulması gerekmektedir.Öyküsünde akciğer, meme, kolorektal kanser ve benzeri tümörü olan hastalardabaş boyun bölgesinde metastatik tümörlerin oluşabileceği düşünülmeli vedişlerde ağrı, diş kaybı dikkate alınmalı, gerekli radyolojik incelemelersonrası mutlaka biyopsi yapılmalıdır.

To investigate cold-induced autoinflammatory syndrome 1 (CIAS1) gene polymorphisms that cause autoinflammatory diseases in patients with nasal polyposis (NP). Materials and methods: The study included 30 patients diagnosed with NP and 30 healthy age-matched individuals as a control group. CIAS1 polymorphisms were assessed by DNA sequence analysis. Patients with nasal polyps and the control group were compared in terms of gene polymorphisms. Each of the 8 polymorphisms of the CIAS1 gene was analyzed separately in the patient group. Results: The most frequently observed polymorphisms in the patient group were c.732G > A in 83%, c.663C > T in 23%, and c.1308C > A in 23% of the patients. c.732G > A polymorphism was evaluated separately. Guanine was transformed to adenine at the 732nd nucleotide position of the CIAS1 gene in the cDNA of chromosome 1. Conclusion: The CIAS1 gene c.732G > A polymorphism was thought to be responsible for an increase in disease susceptibility. The frequency of the \"A\" allele is higher in the patient group compared to the control group. Autoinflammatory diseases seem like a candidate to be one of these factors. This is the first report to define the role of autoinflammatory diseases among these factors.