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The study aimed to assess the level of students' satisfaction with the hostel facilities in the Gubi Campus of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi to evaluate the performance of the hostels. A survey approach was used to collect relevant data for the study. Two hundred forty-three students were selected to participate in the study using a systematic random sampling strategy. Data were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The study revealed that the students were delighted with the alternative power supply, artificial lighting, and the room's natural lighting. It was also found that students were dissatisfied with the bathroom facilities, handheld fire extinguishers and toilet facilities. The result of the ANOVA revealed that there is no significant difference among the students occupying different blocks of hostels regarding their satisfaction with the facilities provided similarly. The result of the t-test showed that there is no significant difference between male and female students in satisfaction with the hostel facilities offered.

Total surgical resection is the gold standard in the treatment of craniopharyngioma. However, there is concern that aggressive surgical resection might result in high rates of endocrinologic, metabolic, and behavioral morbidities. Subtotal resection (SR) with subsequent radiation therapy (RT) may reduce surgical complications, but it may also increase the risk of tumor recurrence and radiation-induced side effects. Therefore, the optimal surgical strategy remains debatable.

This study analyzed variables in the wheel of participation advocated by Davidson (1998); in this study, wheel of participation is adopted as synergy in facilities management for the maintenance of university community infrastructure and facilities, to examine the effects of synergy by the local community and the university authority in facilities management for enhancing academic performance in Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi (ATBU). 100 questionnaires composed on 5 level-Linkert scales were randomly distributed, Reliability analysis was conducted to check the level of internal consistency among the measuring items, while Multiple Regression Analysis and Structural Equation Modelling with AMOS simultaneously analyzed the effects of the exogenous variables (information, consultation, participation & empowerment) on the endogenous variable (academic excellence) in ATBU. Estimates of the structural model revealed that information sharing, consultation with stakeholders, participation by local community members and empowering stakeholders do not influence academic excellence. While the regression analysis indicated a weak relationship between all the four predictor variables and the academic excellence; and with R2 of 0.029 meant that the predictor variables accounted for only 2.9 % of the variance on academic excellence, thus, 97.1 % is accounted for by other variables not covered in this study. Further studies are recommended to supplement more predictor variables like students´ talent, intuition, flair, willingness to learn (zeal), finance and so on; using the inductive approach.

This study aims to evaluate the residents’ satisfaction with public housing in the Maiduguri metropolis. The study assessed the levels of quality of housing components, occupants’ preference and satisfaction. The study adopted a quantitative approach and data were collected through a questionnaire survey from 265 household heads of the housing estate proportionately selected from the target population in Maiduguri metropolis. The data collected were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics with mean ranking, frequency distribution and multiple regression analysis to achieve the research aim. The study showed that quality of building component, Condition of a bedroom, condition of living room, condition of the roof, condition of finishing and condition of the kitchen were ranked as very good and condition of the store, condition of the dining area, condition of garage and condition of toilets were good in the study area, while public housing quality and preference significantly influence occupants' satisfaction in Maiduguri metropolis. The research recommended that occupant peculiarities should be integrated into the design and development of housing estate. This will ensure that the satisfaction of the occupants is well co-opted in the development and therefore lead to higher satisfaction and functionality of the estates. The provision of facilities and amenities in public housing estates should be based on the occupant requirements and peculiarities. This will lead to the optimal utilization of the estate after development.

The global economic meltdown is a situation in which the economy of a country experiences a sudden downturn brought on by a financial crisis. This global recession was caused by so many factors, thus, inflation rate, exchange rate, interest rate, unemployment rate, etc. This paper examined the impact of the global economic meltdown on property development in Bauchi, Nigeria. Data for the study are mainly primary in the form of questionnaires administered. The study had property development as an endogenous variable while a high-interest rate and unemployment rate as exogenous variables to measure the constructs. Multiple Regression were used to analyze the data. Among the study, findings are that high relationship exists between the two predictor variables (High-Interest Rate & Unemployment Rate) and dependent variable (property Development) where ‘R’ of 0.724 means the correlation is about 72 %; with R2 of 0.052 indicate that 5.2 % correlation, the analysis also depict in coefficient table that high-interest rate has more influence on dependent variable (PD) than unemployment rate. The analysis signified that the impact of the global economic meltdown has a positive effect on the dependent variable. Based on the findings, the study recommended governments and financial institutions intervention to curb the impediment of property development in Bauchi, Nigeria.

Background: There is limited knowledge relating to the influence of mechanical stress on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the degree of damage this stress can induce in the case of an altered occlusal plane on the extracellular matrix cartilage and chondrocytes. The aim of this study was to examine the histopathological influence of an altered occlusal plane on rabbit TMJ cartilage. Methods: Fifteen male Japanese white rabbits were used in this study. In 12 cases, the upper right and lower left teeth were ground to their cervical level so that the occlusal plane was tilted right side up. Their temporomandibular joints (TMJs) harvested at 3 days, 1, 2 and 4 weeks were analyzed immunocytochemically and immunohistochemically. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate biotin nick endlabeling (TUNEL) method was used for immunocytochemical study to detect DNA fragmentation in chondrocytes. An immunohistochemical study was also performed to evaluate the metabolism of type 2 collagen in the extracellular matrix in the TMJ cartilage. Results: The number of apoptotic cells increased in all experimental animals. More apoptotic cells were observed in the articular eminences than in the condyles. The type 2 collagen-positive area in the condyles was reduced at the beginning but recovered within 4 weeks, and remained small throughout this experimental period in the articular eminences. Conclusions: These findings suggest that histopathological changes occurred in response to alteration of the occlusal plane. The influence decreased as the occlusal plane recovered in the condyles, but the immunocytochemical and immunohistochemical influence continued in the articular eminences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) staining is a widely accepted method for the detection of DNA fragmentation in nuclei of apoptotic cells. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha is closely associated with changes in condylar cartilage and modulates apoptosis in various tissues including cartilage. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between apoptotic chondrocytes and TNF-alpha in a rabbit model of arthritis. METHOD: Unilateral temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthritis was induced in 20 adult New Zealand White rabbits. From 1 day to 6 weeks after the induction of arthritis, immunohistochemical analysis for TNF-alpha and TUNEL was performed. RESULTS: In condylar cartilage, TNF-alpha-positive cells and TUNEL-positive cells were localized together. TNF-alpha-positive chondrocytes seemed to precede TUNEL-positive cells. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest that TNF-alpha may be involved in apoptosis and/or apoptotic necrosis of chondrocytes as TMJ arthritis progresses from the acute to chronic stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biosorption of the lead ions from aqueous solutions using dum palm kernel was studied, the lead ion removal depends on the contact time, pH and adsorbent dosage. The optimum contact time, pH and adsorbent mass with in the experimental limit of this work were 100 minutes, 6-7, and 2.5g/L respectively. The maximum percentage of lead ions removed was 87%. The data fitted well with Temkin and Langmuir models, the regression correlation were obtained to be 0.9660 and 0.8667, respectively. The biosorbent may be economical if developed further for industrial wastewater and natural contaminated water treatment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i2.12625 International Journal of Environment Vol.4(2) 2015: 68-75