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Yuni Elsa Hadisaputri,1,2 Ummi Habibah,1,2 Fajar Fauzi Abdullah,2,3 Eli Halimah,1 Mutakin Mutakin,1 Sandra Megantara,1 Rizky Abdulah,1 Ajeng Diantini1 1Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, West Java, 45363, Indonesia; 2Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, West Java, 45363, Indonesia; 3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematic and Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, West Java, 45363, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Ajeng DiantiniFaculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM.21, Jatinangor, West Java, 45363, IndonesiaTel +62-22-84288888 Ext. 3510Email diantini.ajeng@gmail.comIntroduction: Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women globally, and the incidence rate has increased annually. Traditional medicine is frequently used as a cancer treatment, and soursop or Annona muricata L (A. muricata) is a traditional medicinal plant that has been widely used as an anticancer treatment and requires more thorough study.Methods: In this research, we prepared ethanol extract and three solvents, ie, ethyl acetate, n-hexane and water fractions of A. muricata leaves and assessed their antiproliferation and cytotoxic activity on MCF7 breast cancer cells compared with that on CV1 normal kidney cells; observation of cell morphology by stained with mixture of propidium iodide and 4ʹ,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole indicated that this treatment induced an ongoing process of apoptotic cell death in MCF7 cells. To clarify the cell death mechanism via apoptosis, we assessed the mRNA expression in the caspase cascade of caspase-9, caspase-3, and PARP-1, and anti-apoptotic, Bcl-2 which mediated cytotoxic activity of extracts and ethyl acetate fractions of A. muricata leaves against MCF7 cells.Results: The ethanol extract, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, and water fractions of A. muricata leaves had IC50 values of 5.3, 2.86, 3.08, and 48.31 μg/mL, respectively, in MCF7 cells but had no activity in CV1 cells. The high cytotoxic activity of A. muricata leaves was reflected by changes in the morphology of cancer cells that appeared after 6 h exposure to A. muricata leaf extract and ethyl acetate fraction; the membrane and nucleus of cells undergoing apoptosis were characterized by the rupture and loss of membranes and nuclei. The mechanism that mediates this cytotoxic activity in MCF7 cells was mediated through a decrease in the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA and an increase in caspase-9 and caspase-3 mRNA expression.Conclusion: Therefore, the leaves of the medicinal plant A. muricata contained compounds that on extraction exerted a highly effective activity as an anticancer treatment for breast cancer via induced apoptotic cell death.Keywords: soursop, Annona muricata L., MCF7 breast cancer cell, cytotoxicity, caspase-cascade

This paper proposes a numerical approach to solve a two-layer shallow water formula with a slope and uneven bottom. The finite volume method (FVM) is applied to solve the shallow water model because the method is suitable for computational fluid dynamics problems. Rather than pointwise approximations at grid points, the FVM breaks the domain into grid cells and approximates the total integral over grid cells. The shallow water model is examined in two cases, the shallow water model in the steady state and the unsteady state. The quadratic upstream interpolation for convective kinetics (QUICK) is chosen to get the discretization of the space domain since it is a third-order scheme, which provides good accuracy, and this scheme proves its numerical stability. The advantage of the QUICK method is that the main coefficients are positive and satisfy the requirements for conservativeness, boundedness, and transportation. An explicit scheme is used to get the discretization of the time domain. Finally, the numerical solution of the steady state model shows that the flow remains unchanged. An unsteady-state numerical solution produces instability (wavy at the bottom layer). Moreover, the larger slope results in higher velocity and higher depth at the second layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This study aimed to find out the mathematic teachers’ perception about the implementation of Curriculum 2013 the tenth grade in one of schools in Makassar. This research was qualitative descriptive research. The subjects of this study were 4 Mathematic teachers of the tenth grade. Data obtained through interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis was done by reducing data through summarizing all of the result from interview, observation and documentation. Then, the data were presented in the form of narration and conclusion. The results of this study indicated that the Mathematic teachers’ perception toward the implementation of Curriculum 2013 got negative response. This result based on research analysis: First, the teachers described that Curriculum 2013 was complicated because the core competencies assessed the students from all aspects of attitude, knowledge and skills. Second, the teachers had misconceptions about the scientific approach implemented in Curriculum 2013 which was using discovery/inquiry learning or project based learning model however in reality the teachers used STAD model of cooperative learning. In this case, the lack of socialization had an impact on teachers in applying the Curriculum 2013. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi guru matematika tentang penerapan Kurikulum 2013 kelas sepuluh di salah satu sekolah di Makassar. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 4 guru Matematika kelas X. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan mengurangi data melalui meringkas semua hasil dari wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Kemudian, data disajikan dalam bentuk narasi dan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa persepsi guru matematika terhadap penerapan Kurikulum 2013 mendapat respon negatif. Hasil ini berdasarkan analisis penelitian: 1) guru menggambarkan bahwa Kurikulum 2013 rumit karena kompetensi inti menilai siswa dari semua aspek sikap, pengetahuan dan keterampilan. 2) guru memiliki kesalahpahaman tentang pendekatan ilmiah yang diterapkan dalam Kurikulum 2013 yang menggunakan pembelajaran penemuan/penyelidikan atau model pembelajaran berbasis proyek namun pada kenyataannya guru menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif STAD. Dalam hal ini, kurangnya sosialisasi berdampak pada guru dalam menerapkan Kurikulum 2013.

Aim: To investigate the effect of influenza vaccination with or without probiotic supplementation on the immune response and incidence of influenza-like illness (ILI) in the elderly., Methods: A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with a modified factorial design was conducted in 554 healthy elderly subjects aged 67 ± 5.6 (ranging from 60-90) years old in the Primary Health Care Center (Puskesmas area) of the Pulo Gadung District East Jakarta. Subjects received either a trivalent influenza vaccine or placebo at the start of the study, and a probiotic supplement (Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011) or a placebo for 6 months. Subjects were randomly assigned into four intervention groups: influenza vaccine and probiotics (n = 141), influenza vaccine and placebo (n = 136), placebo and probiotics (n = 140), and both placebo (n = 137). The primary outcome was ILI incidence within 6 months. The secondary outcomes were seroprotection and seroconversion rates at 1, 4, and 6 months after administering the interventions., Results: This study showed that the trivalent influenza vaccine increased seroprotection (RR 3.6 [95%CI 2.92-4.47]; p<0.010) and seroconversion (RR 29.8 [95%CI 11.1-79.5]; p<0.010) rates 1 month after vaccination in elderly people while the probiotic supplement did not alter influenza antibody titers (p = 1.000 and p = 0.210). The relative ILI incidence risk was similar between vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups, as well as in the probiotic group compared to the non-probiotic group., Conclusion: The tested trivalent influenza vaccine significantly induced seroprotection and seroconversion in the vaccinated subjects, while probiotics administration did not influence these parameters. Vaccinated individuals displayed a similarly low ILI incidence as those in the Control Group. However, the observed trend towards a reduction of ILI incidence with probiotics supplementation warrants further assessments in a larger, at-risk population., Clinical Trial Registry Number: NCT03695432., Competing Interests: The authors have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: NSB and RMS are paid employees of PT. Bio Farma whose product has been investigated in the study (the trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine). This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. There are no other patents, products in development or marketing products to declare.

Currently, the world is facing immediate and unexpected changes every day due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. These environmental stimulations have an impact on mental health, particularly in the case of children. Worldwide measures such as quarantine, social and physical distancing, and school closure can potentially take a toll on children's mental health, in both the short and long terms. Grief, adjustment disorder and acute stress disorder (ASD) are some of the mental health issues that children are prone to suffer during a pandemic, leading to mood disorder, psychosis and even suicidal tendency, if not addressed and treated timely. As the pandemic continues, it is crucial to monitor children's mental health status. Parents/caregivers must receive continuous guidance on handling the situation appropriately. Both professionals and families/caregivers must tend to children's mental health needs to safeguard their overall well-being., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest None., (© Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2020.)

Background: Defining the presence of BCR-ABL transcript in suspected myeloproliferative neoplasm is essential in establishing chronic myeloid leukemia. In the absence of BCR-ABL, the conventional diagnostic algorithm recommends JAK2 V617F mutation testing to support diagnosis of other MPN diseases such as polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis. In certain cases of thrombocythemia, simultaneous upfront testing of both BCR-ABL and JAK2 may be desirable. We wanted to test the feasibility of multiplex detection of BCR-ABL transcript variants and JAK2 V617F mutation simultaneously using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-based reverse dot-blot hybridization (RDB) method., Material and Methods: Separate biotinylated RT-PCR primers were designed to amplify specific BCR-ABL transcripts and JAK2 V617F mutant alleles. Specific hybridization of RT-PCR products with arrays of membrane-bound probes followed by colorimetric development would allow simultaneous visualization of BCR-ABL and/or JAK2 mutant transcripts in a given specimen. To validate the RDB method, we used cDNA specimens previously referred to our laboratory for routine clinical testing of BCR-ABL and/or JAK2., Results: The limit of detection or analytical sensitivity of the RDB method using cDNA specimens was 0.5% and 6.25% in detecting BCR-ABL and JAK2 mutant transcripts, respectively. The diagnostic specificity and sensitivity to detect BCR-ABL and JAK2 were 100% and 92.3% (N = 38); and 100% and 100% (N = 27), respectively. RDB also detected BCR-ABL transcripts in 22% of JAK2 V617F mutation-positive samples (N = 14)., Conclusions: RT-PCR RDB is a promising qualitative multiplex method to detect BCR-ABL and JAK2 mutant transcripts simultaneously., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)