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Learning trend has been shifted from a conventional way to a digital way in the form of E-learning, but it faces a high dropout ratio. Lack of engagement is one of the primary factors reported for this issue as the same type of course content is presented to learners despite their different background, knowledge and learning styles. Different researchers used adaptive learning techniques to increase students' performance and engagement, but it has not affected too much for reducing the dropout ratio. One of the major problems with these adaptive techniques is to focus on one thing. To target this issue we have proposed the framework that provides adaptive content to each student based on his learning dimensions and knowledge background as per Bloom's Taxonomy. The results of the experiment show a significant increase in students' engagement and performance.

With the removal of the barriers of time and distance, E-learning platforms have attracted millions of learners, but these platforms are experiencing a significant drop-out ratio. One of the primary reasons for this problem is the lack of motivation among the learners because of the similar learning experience provided to them despite their varying learning styles. Different researchers have introduced gamification as a solution for students' engagement. The technique has improved engagement levels a bit, but it is not as useful as it was expected to be. One of the primary problems with gamification elements is their inability to induce intrinsic motivation among learners. To target this issue, we have proposed a framework that identifies the learning style of students based on their interactions with the system and provides an adaptive gamification experience according to their identified learning dimensions. The results of the experiments show that the motivation of learners increases by 25%, and the drop-out ratio is reduced by 26%.

In this article, Elzaki decomposition method (EDM) has been applied to approximate the analytical solution of the time-fractional gas-dynamics equation. The time-fractional derivative is used in the Caputo-Fabrizio sense. The proposed method is implemented on homogenous and non-homogenous cases of the time-fractional gas-dynamics equation. A comparison between the exact and approximate solutions is also provided to show the validity and accuracy of the technique. A graphical representation of all the retrieved solutions is shown for different values of the fractional parameter. The time development of all solutions is also represented in 2D graphs. The obtained results may help understand the physical systems governed by the gas-dynamics equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The decreasing status of on IUCN of Koklass pheasant (Pucrasia macrolopha) belongs to the family Phasianidae and the order Galliform needs the attention of researchers. The species with habitats as low as 6,000 feet and as high as 11,000 feet certainly cover a broad variety of habitats, such a wide altitude range embraces a diverse range of habitats. Insufficient research has been conducted on the suitability of moist temperate forests as a potential habitat for the Koklass pheasant. Therefore, this study was carried out to explore habitat suitability in 15 different sites which were located in the 4 districts of Hazara Division using GIS data science and environmental variables. A random sampling technique was used for laying out the transect. Overall, 45 line transects (Length 2–4 km, Width 10–30 m) were laid out in study sites. The size of sample plots for trees was 10x10m, for shrubs (4 x4m), and herbs and grasses 1x1m. The other habitat parameters like elevation, slope, cover, and frequency of plant at each point were also considered. We found the uneven distribution of Koklass pheasant in the Hazara Division. There were 59 occurrence points identified and highlighted the distribution of Koklass pheasant in the study area. Although all environmental variables were preferred by Koklass pheasant in its habitat statistical analysis proved that slope, level of disturbance, tree and shrub frequency of habitat contributed mostly to the presence of Koklass in each study site except the contribution of soil and herbs. The potential suitable habitat of Koklass pheasant was estimated to be 439.6 km2 areas starting from Abbottabad to Mansehra in the Hazara division. Awareness and enforcing legal protection are recommended for the conservation of Koklass Pheasant in Moist temperate forest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Learning trend has been shifted from a conventional way to a digital way in the form of E-learning, but it faces a high dropout ratio. Lack of engagement is one of the primary factors reported for this issue as the same type of course content is presented to learners despite their different background, knowledge and learning styles. Different researchers used adaptive learning techniques to increase students' performance and engagement, but it has not affected too much for reducing the dropout ratio. One of the major problems with these adaptive techniques is to focus on one thing. To target this issue we have proposed the framework that provides adaptive content to each student based on his learning dimensions and knowledge background as per Bloom's Taxonomy. The results of the experiment show a significant increase in students' engagement and performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to report the genotype and allelic frequency at rs438228855 (G > T) in SLC35A3 receptor gene and its association with a complex vertebral malformation (CMV) in the enrolled Pakistani cattle. Our results indicated that allelic and genotype frequency at rs438228855 varied non‐significantly (p >.05) among the three enrolled cattle breeds. GT (heterozygous) genotype was most abundant (0.54) followed by GG (wild type) genotype (0.45) while the mutant genotype (TT) was not observed among the enrolled cattle. It was observed that the Holstein Friesian breed had more GG (wild) than GT (heterozygous) genotypes while Sahiwal and cross cattle breed had more heterozygous (GT) combination at rs438228855 than the wild (GG) genotype. Significant variations in white blood cell count, % lymphocytes, red blood cell count, % monocytes, haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration were observed when compared between the enrolled cattle breeds. Most of the studied haematological parameters showed no association with the genotype at rs438228855. In conclusion, the heterozygosity at rs438228855 is not limited to the Holstein Friesian breed as local Sahiwal and crossbred cattle had also higher heterozygosity at rs438228855. We recommend that animals must be genotyped for rs438228855 before their selection as breeders to prevent economic losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) is the cutting edge technology for smart transportation. VANET becomes an important aspect of the Intelligent Transport System (ITS). Different safety and non-safety applications have been developed for VANET. The inspiration behind VANET is to provide safe, and pleasant journeys to the drivers and passengers. Although the quality of software depends upon its architecture, most of them do not give proper attention to the consideration of Software-Oriented Architecture (SOA) for providing safety and non-safety ITS services in VANET. To address this issue, we proposed an efficient software architecture by highlighting the important operations and services of the system. The performance of the proposed architecture is evaluated by several design metrics and the results are compared with a state-of-the-art solution. The results showed that our proposed architecture has low coupling and high cohesion factors. Furthermore, the results reveal that our architecture is less complex and more reusable. From the results, we conclude that the proposed architecture is suitable for providing safety and non-safety ITS services and will pave the way for the implementation of the futuristic vision of the ITS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lysine is an essential amino acid that is not biologically manufactured in the body. Different chemical methods for lysine production are expensive and give low yields. The present study was conducted with the purpose to evaluate the biochemical production of lysine by different carbon sources using bacterial isolates. Three carbon sources namely glucose, sucrose, and fructose were used to evaluate the biochemical production of lysine by Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. isolates. Optimum incubation periods were between 48-96 hours. An extensive amount of lysine was produced by all of these isolates in L6 fermentation medium. Maximum lysine was produced by Klebsiella isolate K1 6.48 g/L after 96 hours of incubation by using glucose as carbon source followed by 6.0 g/L by Klebsiella isolates K3 after 72 hours of incubation when sucrose was used as a carbon source at 37 ℃. Highest amount of lysine was produced at 96 hours by Klebsiella isolates in addition to E. coli. From all three carbon sources using Klebsiella isolates and E. coli, glucose showed better lysine production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]