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This paper examined students' performance through diverse assessments in MS first semester curriculum module in a women university. The module "Curriculum models and theories" incorporated three different assessments: a home assignment, a classroom presentation and a final term paper. A three step approach using mixed research method was used to investigate students' responses to the different assessment tools. First a quantitative analysis using descriptive statistics was conducted on the data from students' marks. Second, an examination of students' perceptions about different assessment was carried out through a questionnaire. Last a qualitative study was conducted using semi structured interviews. The findings revealed that majority of the students preferred more structured tasks having clear aligned learning outcomes. Familiarity with assessment types was also preferred by many students. The present study suggests that by making changes in assessment design and using more formative feedback, students' learning experience across diverse assessment tools can be enhanced.

Quality of Education, especially at Primary level, is an important issue to be discussed at the International Forum. This study highlights the quality of primary education through a comparison of the quality of Community Model Schools and Govt. Girls Primary Schools in Pakistan. Community Model Schools were established under Girls Primary Education Project (GPEP) (Phase I and Phase II), with the cooperation of the Asian Development Bank (ADB). This paper focuses on the study of the effect of facilities, qualifications of headmistresses, dropout rate, results, and co-curricular activities on quality performance of both types of schools. Case study of six Community Model Schools and Govt. Girls Primary Schools were conducted for an in-depth study of the school's performance. The views of the heads of institutions, teachers, students, parents and administrators were collected through semi-structured interview schedules. The researcher personally visited the sample schools one by one to conduct these interviews. All the interviews were video-recorded. Data collected was then analyzed. It was found that Community Model Schools were performing better as compared to Govt. Girls Primary Schools in respect of school results, educational environment, co-curricular activities organized in the schools and overall quality of education.

This study aimed to determine the changes needed to improve classroom assessment at the secondary level in Pakistan. The instruments used in this mixed-method study included a research questionnaire, interview, and qualitative classroom observation. The study concluded that major changes needed to improve classroom assessment included the usage of a variety of assessment techniques, reduced workload of teachers, provision of special guidelines to weak students, and provision of professional training and proper assessment materials to teachers. It is recommended that the administration of Federal Government Educational Institutions (FGIEs) should arrange continuous professional training for teachers on classroom assessment. The provision of proper assessment materials should also be ensured. School principals should play an effective role in providing guidelines to faculty members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that affect the performance of primary school teachers in terrorism affected areas. The main objective of the study was to measure and summarize the perceptions of teachers themselves about the factors that affect teachers' performance in terrorism affected areas. The study was descriptive in nature. All the primary school teachers in district Swat constituted the population of the study. Hundred teachers, fifty male and fifty female were randomly selected. In this study five factors were identified. The first factor focuses on the financial position of teachers in terrorism affected areas. The second factor focuses on the environment of schools. The third factor discusses the parents' cooperation during the terrorism. The fourth factor focuses on the security of schools and teachers and the fifth factor focuses on the psychological effect of terrorism on the performance of teachers. A self-developed closed ended questionnaire on five point rating scale was developed, and collected data regarding the five factors, financial resources of teachers, physical environment of school, security, parents involvement in teaching and learning process, psychological effects of terrorism on teachers. The collected data were tabulated, analyzed and interpreted by using statistical techniques as percentage of the responses .The main findings of the study were that mostly teachers faced the economic challenges in terrorism affected areas. Financial resources of teachers were destroyed. Salaries were delaed. Side businesses were destroyed. Continuous attacks on school affected the learning ability of students that affected the performance of teachers. Mostly parents became IDPs and the remaining did not take interest in the education of children. Teachers were not safe in school neither security was provided to teachers. Due to fear of attacks on school the teachers gave less time to teaching. Anxiety and emotional complained of teachers increased. There was no significant differences in the opinion of male and female teachers. It was recommended that the government should provide security to teachers, parents and schools. So that to reduce the depression and anxiety of teachers. The government should support the teachers financially. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leadership and management has a fundamental part in the quantitative development and qualitative expansion of an educational institute. The administration of a school has a big role towards the students' performance whereas the real supports of administration are leadership and management .Role of leaders qualification on the performance of the students are primary level in community model schools and government girls primary school in the Punjab were seen in this research. Following standard methodology and using documentary fact for establishing the role of the leaders qualification on the performance of the students, this research demonstrated that it does have significant impact. The study was made on population comprising of 350 school (174 Community model school and 175 Govt. Girls primary schools) from 35 district of the Punjab. The results show that community model school are better in students performance than Govt. Girls Primary School because they have more qualified leaders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this era of globalization use of teaching kit play a vital role for the performance of students in primary education. Comparative research may help to assess the pace of project development, and explore the impediments for adopting timely remedial measures. This research aims to explore the effect of use of teaching kit in Community Model Schools and Govt. Girls Primary Schools. Community Model Schools set up under Girls Primary Education Project (GPEP), in 1994 and funded by Asian Development Bank (ADB), and comparison of their academic performance and use of teaching kit with Govt. Girls Primary Schools. The target population of the study comprised of all Community Model Schools and Govt. Girls Primary Schools in the Punjab in Pakistan. However, the accessible population was three fifty schools (175 Community Model Schools and 175 Govt. Girls Primary Schools) from thirty five districts of the Punjab. To see the effects of use teaching kit on academic performance of students, a sample from each district ten head mistresses, twenty teachers, ten administrators, one hundred students and one hundred parents were randomly selected. Documentary facts were used for seeing the effects of use teaching kit on academic performance of students in both types of schools, as well as a questionnaire of five point likert scale was designed to investigate and collect data about the students' performance and effect of use teaching kit. Data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics as well as t-test to compare both types of schools at 0.05 level of significance. Results indicated that Community Model Schools are better in students' performance due to the use teaching kit than Govt. Girls Primary Schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research study is to find out and compare the professional attitude of prospective teachers of B.Ed. session (2012-2013) enrolled in public institutions, campuses of the University of Education Lahore, and private institutions, private teacher training colleges affiliated with University of Education Lahore. The population for this research study was consisted of all the prospective teachers of B.Ed. session (2012-2013) enrolled in the campuses of the University of Education as well as enrolled in the private colleges affiliated with University of Education getting and completing their academic courses and training. Out of the population the researchers drew out 240 prospective teachers using convenience sampling technique, 120 prospective teachers were selected from public teacher training institutions and 120 prospective teachers were selected from private teacher training institutions. For the purpose of data collection, the data collection instrument named the "Attitude Scale towards the Profession of Teaching", originally developed by Ustuner (2006), was used for this research study. When the data was analyzed it reveals that there is no significant difference in the level of professional attitude of prospective teachers enrolled in public and private institutions but the prospective teachers sectioned on the base of gender show statistically significant differences in their level of professional attitude. Male prospective teachers of private sector have less positive professional attitudes than that of male and female prospective teachers of public sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tens of million people of Pakistan, India and Bangladesh speak Urdu language and hundreds of people of South Asia understand it. It is such an auspicious language that many pious Sufis and holy saints participated in its growth and development. When the Muslims came in India they spoke Persian, Arabic and Turkish languages. Although they did not enforce any of these languages by force in India, but Persian was the official language of the regions under Muslim rule. Therefore, the people had to get a nodding acquaintance of Persian. On the other hand many words related to Muslim mode of life and Islamic sociology entered into local language. Although the local language started growing rapidly but it did not get the status of mature literary language that Persian enjoyed. Therefore, the scholars, intellectuals and litterateurs of India preferred Persian language for expression of serious subjects. But the Iranian scholars and poets showed incredulity about Persian works of the Indians. These antagonistic feelings against the Indian littérateurs turned them towards their local language. This paper examines the effect of this reactionary attitude on the development of Urdu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the origin of the Two Nations Theory in India. According to Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnaha, the Hindus and Muslims belong to two different religions, philosophies, social customs and literatures. Based mainly on conflicting ideas and concepts, Hindus and Muslims are also belong to two different cultures throughout the period.

According to Economic Survey of Pakistan (2008-2009), Pakistan is committed for achieving the millennium development goals. All the agencies related to the development of education are striving for enhancing primary education in Pakistan. Primary education is being discussed, as an important issue at global level. The United Nations program of Education For All (EFA) was promoted in response to the commitment made at Dakar World Summit. The educational initiative taken by the Government of Pakistan was to increase the enrollment in primary education, which was reinforced by a loan to the value of $64.2 million approved by the Asian Development Bank for the Girls Primary Education Project. These funds were to be employed for construction of 873 Community Model Schools. The average cost of a typical Community Model School was an estimated 3,000,000 Pakistani rupees. A comparative research may help to assess the development pace of project, and explore the ways for adapting timely remedial measures. This research aims to compare the enrollment of students in Community Model Schools and Government Girls Primary School in Punjab. However, the accessible population was 350 schools (175 Community Model Schools and 175 Government Girls Primary Schools from 35 districts of Punjab. From each district, 10 Headmistresses, 20 teachers, 100 students, 100 parents, and 10 administrators were randomly selected. Student's data of enrollment was collected through the school records. Data was analyzed by using descriptive information by applying frequency and percentages to compare both types of schools. Results showed that enrolment of Community Model Schools was better as compared to Government Girls Primary Schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comparative research may help to assess the pace of project development, and explore the impediments for adopting timely remedial measures. Performance is reality. Assessment of performance through students’ result is an actuality. Performance provides reliable information on the nature and experience at primary education institutions and allows comparison between institutions whenever appropriate. This research aimed to explore the annual class fifth results of Community Model Schools and Govt. Girls Primary School in the Punjab. Community Model Schools were established under Education Project(GPEP), in 1994 and funded by Asian Development Bank (ADB). A sample of three hundred and fifty schools was taken as ten from each thirty five districts of the Punjab. Both types of schools were taken in equal numbers, five from each district. Documentary facts were used for defining the results of class fifth conducted by the Punjab Examination Commission (PEC) of community model schools and Govt. Girls Primary School in Punjab. A questionnaire was designed to investigate and collect data about the results of class fifth. Data wasanalyzed by using descriptive as well as inferential statistical techniques ofmean, standard deviation and t-test to compare both types of schools. Results indicated that Community Model Schools shown no wide difference in percentage of the results of class fifth than Govt. Girls Primary Schools during the period 2001-2005. The research presented that the performance of Community Model Schools is better than Govt. Girls Primary School in Punjab. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The teachers and students are the backbone of an educational system. Well equipped and trained teachers are the need of time for uplifting quality of education. Educational reform must be steady and pragmatic, with furnished research institutions in developing countries to meet the global challenges of Education For All (EFA). Community Model Schools' under the Government of the Punjab meet the global challenges of education by the Government in reducing rural-urban educational disparities. These schools are established to provide quality education in rural areas. The purpose of the paper is to examine the opinions of headmistress, parents and students of primary education in Pakistan and check and compare performance of Community Model Schools and government girls primary schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite wide recognition of the importance of relationship between HR professionals and line managers (HR-line relationship) in strategic HRM literature, no measurement construct is available that could grasp the complicated concept. We introduce a variable, HR-line relationship quality and propose a measurement construct for the variable. The first dimension of the variable covers the traditional elements - often measured in psychology and marketing. The second and third dimension covers HR specific elements based on the attitudes of HR professionals towards the line managers and vice versa. The proposed construct is validated through an empirical survey from a sample of HRM specialists and line managers. The paper concludes that HR-line relationship quality can be measured from a 34 item construct. This construct can be used to quantify HR-line relationship quality, which would be helpful to understand and manage the relationship for the success of strategic HRM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]