119 results on '"Haass, Felix"'
Search Results
2. The Language of Responsibility in the United Nations Security Council, 1946–2020.
- Author
-
Bethke, Felix S, Haass, Felix, and Niemann, Holger
- Subjects
- *
RESPONSIBILITY , *COLD War, 1945-1991 , *QUANTITATIVE research - Abstract
The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is the United Nations' most powerful institutional body, charged with the "primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security." The main instrument through which the Council asserts this power is its resolutions, specifically by using resolution text to attribute responsibility. The UNSC uses responsibility language to assign tasks, identify accountability under international law, or reflect the Council's normative interpretation of political principles. Yet we lack a comprehensive empirical description of responsibility attributions in UNSC resolutions. We address this gap by providing an original dataset of the full text of all UNSC resolutions between 1946 and 2020. We use this data to show that the Council has significantly increased responsibility attributions since the end of the Cold War, but only for a very specific subset of terms, targeting predominantly states and individuals. We further demonstrate how the data can inform debates about the timing and status of the "responsibility to protect" as an international norm. The data and findings provide a helpful starting point for many future research endeavors, including the role of member states in the UNSC, quantitative and qualitative research on UNSC decision-making processes, or topic development of the UNSC agenda in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. The Ethnic Politics of Nature Protection: Ethnic Favoritism and Protected Areas in Africa.
- Author
-
Dawson, Stephen, Haass, Felix, Müller-Crepon, Carl, and Sundström, Aksel
- Subjects
NATURE conservation ,PROTECTED areas ,POLITICS & ethnic relations - Abstract
Nature protected areas are hailed as an institutional solution to the global biodiversity crisis. However, conservation entails local economic costs for some communities and benefits for others. We propose that the establishment of protected areas in Africa follows an ethno-political logic which implies that governments distribute protected areas such that their ethnic constituencies are shielded from their costs but enjoy their benefits. We test this argument using continent-wide data on ethnic groups' power status and protected area establishment since independence. Difference-in-differences models show that political inclusion decreases nature protection in groups' settlement areas. Yet, this effect is reversed for protected areas that plausibly generate tourism income. We also find that ethno-political inclusion is linked to legal degradation of protected areas. Our findings on the ethno-political underpinnings of nature protection support long-voiced concerns by activists that politically marginalized groups carry disproportional costs of nature conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
4. Better peacekeepers, better protection? Troop quality of United Nations peace operations and violence against civilians
- Author
-
Haass, Felix and Ansorg, Nadine
- Published
- 2018
5. Profits from Peace: The Political Economy of Power-Sharing and Corruption
- Author
-
Haass, Felix and Ottmann, Martin
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. War and Nationalism: How WW1 Battle Deaths Fueled Civilians' Support for the Nazi Party.
- Author
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DE JUAN, ALEXANDER, HAASS, FELIX, KOOS, CARLO, RIAZ, SASCHA, and TICHELBAECKER, THOMAS
- Subjects
- *
NATIONALISM , *WORLD War I , *WAR victims , *CIVILIANS in war - Abstract
Can wars breed nationalism? We argue that civilians' indirect exposure to war fatalities can trigger psychological processes that increase identification with their nation and ultimately strengthen support for nationalist parties. We test this argument in the context of the rise of the Nazi Party after World War 1 (WW1). To measure localized war exposure, we machine-coded information on 7.5 million German soldiers who were wounded or died in WW1. Our empirical strategy leverages battlefield dynamics that cause plausibly exogenous variation in the county-level casualty fatality rate—the share of dead soldiers among all casualties. We find that throughout the interwar period, electoral support for right-wing nationalist parties, including the Nazi Party, was 2.6 percentage points higher in counties with above-median casualty fatality rates. Consistent with our proposed mechanism, we find that this effect was driven by civilians rather than veterans and areas with a preexisting tradition of collective war commemoration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. The Political Effects of Witnessing State Atrocities: Evidence from the Nazi Death Marches
- Author
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De Juan, Alexander, primary, Gläßel, Christian, additional, Haass, Felix, additional, and Scharpf, Adam, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. The Political Effects of Witnessing State Atrocities: Evidence from the Nazi Death Marches
- Author
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De Juan, Alexander, Gläßel, Christian, Haass, Felix, Scharpf, Adam, De Juan, Alexander, Gläßel, Christian, Haass, Felix, and Scharpf, Adam
- Published
- 2023
9. Police reforms in peace agreements, 1975-2011: Introducing the PRPA dataset
- Author
-
Ansorg, Nadine, Haass, Felix, and Strasheim, Julia
- Published
- 2016
10. War and Nationalism: How WW1 Battle Deaths Fueled Civilians’ Support for the Nazi Party
- Author
-
DE JUAN, ALEXANDER, primary, HAASS, FELIX, additional, KOOS, CARLO, additional, RIAZ, SASCHA, additional, and TICHELBAECKER, THOMAS, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Right-wing terror, public backlash, and voting preferences for the far right
- Author
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De Juan, Alexander, Haass, Felix, and Voß, Julian
- Subjects
Political Science ,FOS: Political science ,Social and Behavioral Sciences - Abstract
Over the last decade, many western countries have experienced a surge in right-wing violence and a growing public support for populist radical right parties (PRRP). Previous research suggests that right-wing political mobilization can inspire right-wing violence. However, we know little on the opposite direction of this relationship: how does right-wing violence influence voting preferences for the far right? In this research note, we implement an “unexpected event during survey'' design to investigate this question. We draw on data from daily surveys on party preferences to analyze temporal shifts in support for the right-wing populist Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) before and after the most intense terrorist attack in recent German history. Our findings indicate that right-wing terrorism can have substantive but short-lived negative effects on public support for PRRP. Results of exploratory analyses are in line with the argument that these effects result from a public backlash against PRRP that alienates potential voters. This PAP specifies the analysis for a survey experiment that extends the original observational analysis.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Konjunktur des Verantwortungsbegriffs in den Resolutionen des VN- Sicherheitsrates, 1946-2015
- Author
-
Bethke, Felix S., primary, Haaß, Felix, additional, and Strasheim, Julia, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. The Effect of Wartime Legacies on Electoral Mobilization after Civil War
- Author
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Haass, Felix, primary and Ottmann, Martin, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Institutions for Sustainable Peace: From Research Gaps to New Frontiers
- Author
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Ansorg, Nadine, Haass, Felix, and Strasheim, Julia
- Published
- 2013
15. Right-wing terror, public backlash, and voting preferences for the far right
- Author
-
De Juan, Alexander, primary, Haass, Felix, additional, and Voß, Julian, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Citizens in Peace Processes
- Author
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Haass, Felix, primary, Hartzell, Caroline A., additional, and Ottmann, Martin, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. The democracy dilemma: Aid, power-sharing governments, and post-conflict democratization
- Author
-
Haaß, Felix
- Subjects
political elite ,Politikwissenschaft ,Friedens- und Konfliktforschung, Sicherheitspolitik ,national state ,Außenwirtschaft ,Peace and Conflict Research, International Conflicts, Security Policy ,politische Ökonomie ,Systems of governments & states ,constitution ,political economy ,internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen ,statistical analysis ,international economics ,politische Elite ,Political science ,politisches System ,Verfassung ,Demokratisierung ,politischer Wandel ,political system ,Entwicklungshilfe ,political change ,democratization ,development aid ,statistische Analyse ,Staatsformen und Regierungssysteme ,Political System, Constitution, Government ,ddc:320 ,ddc:321 ,Staat, staatliche Organisationsformen ,Staat ,international economic relations - Abstract
How does development aid shape democracy after civil conflicts? I argue that political aid conditionalities and the economic utility that recipient elites gain from office give rise to a rent-seeking/democracy dilemma: recipients can initiate democratic reforms but also risk uncertainty over office and rents. Or they can refuse to implement such reforms, but risk losing aid rents if donors reduce aid flows in response to failed democratic reforms. This dilemma is strongest in power-sharing cabinets. By granting rebel groups temporally limited access to the state budget, such cabinets intensify elites' rent-seeking motives. Thus, aid-dependent power-sharing elites will hold cleaner elections, but also limit judicial independence and increase particularistic spending to simultaneously reap aid benefits and remain in power. I find statistical support for this argument using data on aid flows and power-sharing governments for all post-conflict states between 1990 and 2010.
- Published
- 2021
18. Insurgency and Ivory: The Territorial Origins of Illicit Resource Extraction in Civil Conflicts
- Author
-
Haaß, Felix
- Subjects
Illegalität ,Handel ,Politikwissenschaft ,Friedens- und Konfliktforschung, Sicherheitspolitik ,conflict ,civil war ,Peace and Conflict Research, International Conflicts, Security Policy ,Umwelt ,black market ,Sociology & anthropology ,Criminal Sociology, Sociology of Law ,Afrika ,Rebellenregierung ,Elfenbein ,Elfenbeinwilderei ,Jagd ,Elefant ,Kriminalität ,natural resources ,illegitimacy ,Political science ,natürliche Ressourcen ,government ,Konflikt ,Regierung ,commerce ,Schwarzmarkt ,Soziologie, Anthropologie ,ddc:320 ,Kriminalsoziologie, Rechtssoziologie, Kriminologie ,Africa ,criminality ,ddc:301 ,environment ,Bürgerkrieg - Abstract
The presence of natural resources makes civil conflicts more likely to erupt, last longer, and more difficult to end. Yet rebels do not always exploit resources wherever they are present. Why? I argue that rebels extract more resources when they compete with governments over territorial authority. Territorial competition facilitates black market access, generates financial pressure, and produces governance incentives for rebels to extract natural resources. I test this proposition in a two-tiered research design. First, I show globally that moderate territorial control predicts more resource extraction by rebels. Subsequently, I focus on the example of ivory poaching which offers a rare glimpse into the usually hidden resource extraction process. I match spatially disaggregated conflict event data to subnational poaching data in conflict-affected African countries. Results show that rebels seeking territorial control substantially increase poaching rates. These findings highlight the strategic conditions under which territorial competition shapes rebel criminal behavior.
- Published
- 2021
19. Rebels, Revenue and Redistribution: The Political Geography of Post-Conflict Power-Sharing in Africa
- Author
-
Haaß, Felix, Ottmann, Martin, Haaß, Felix, and Ottmann, Martin
- Abstract
Do rebel elites who gain access to political power through power-sharing reward their own ethnic constituencies after war? The authors argue that power-sharing governments serve as instruments for rebel elites to access state resources. This access allows elites to allocate state resources disproportionately to their regional power bases, particularly the settlement areas of rebel groups' ethnic constituencies. To test this proposition, the authors link information on rebel groups in power-sharing governments in post-conflict countries in Africa to information about ethnic support for rebel organizations. They combine this information with sub-national data on ethnic groups' settlement areas and data on night light emissions to proxy for sub-national variation in resource investments. Implementing a difference-in-differences empirical strategy, the authors show that regions with ethnic groups represented through rebels in the power-sharing government exhibit higher levels of night light emissions than regions without such representation. These findings help to reconceptualize post-conflict power-sharing arrangements as rent-generating and redistributive institutions.
- Published
- 2021
20. insurgency_and_ivory_appendix – Supplemental material for Insurgency and Ivory: The Territorial Origins of Illicit Resource Extraction in Civil Conflicts
- Author
-
Haass, Felix
- Subjects
FOS: Political science ,160607 International Relations - Abstract
Supplemental material, insurgency_and_ivory_appendix for Insurgency and Ivory: The Territorial Origins of Illicit Resource Extraction in Civil Conflicts by Felix Haass in Comparative Political Studies
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. War and Nationalism: How WW1 battle deaths fueled civilians’ support for the Nazi Party
- Author
-
De Juan, Alexander, primary, Haass, Felix, additional, Koos, Carlo, additional, Riaz, Sascha, additional, and Tichelbaecker, Thomas, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. The Effect of Wartime Legacies on Electoral Mobilization after Civil War
- Author
-
Haass, Felix, primary and Ottmann, Martin, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. 14. Institutionalisierte Ungleichheit in der Diskussion – eine kritische Betrachtung im Lichte des Roundtables zur Theodor Eschenburg-Vorlesung 2008
- Author
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Bergmann, Julian, primary and Haaß, Felix, additional
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Insurgency and Ivory: The Territorial Origins of Illicit Resource Extraction in Civil Conflicts
- Author
-
Haass, Felix, primary
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Rebels, Revenue and Redistribution: The Political Geography of Post-Conflict Power-Sharing in Africa
- Author
-
Haass, Felix, primary and Ottmann, Martin, additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. appendix_2 – Supplemental material for The democracy dilemma. Aid, power-sharing governments, and post-conflict democratization
- Author
-
Haass, Felix
- Subjects
FOS: Political science ,220104 Human Rights and Justice Issues ,160607 International Relations ,FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion - Abstract
Supplemental material, appendix_2 for The democracy dilemma. Aid, power-sharing governments, and post-conflict democratization by Felix Haass in Conflict Management and Peace Science
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Three Ways to Improve Multilateral Peacekeeping in Africa (and Beyond)
- Author
-
Ansorg, Nadine, Haaß, Felix, and GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies - Leibniz-Institut für Globale und Regionale Studien, Institut für Afrika-Studien
- Subjects
peacekeeping troops ,Politikwissenschaft ,Friedens- und Konfliktforschung, Sicherheitspolitik ,conflict ,peacekeeping ,Peace and Conflict Research, International Conflicts, Security Policy ,effectiveness ,Konflikt ,UNO ,Zivilbevölkerung ,Afrika ,Friedenstruppe ,Friedenssicherung ,efficiency ,ddc:320 ,Africa ,civilian population ,Effizienz ,Political science ,Effektivität ,Peace Operations ,Friedensichernde Organe ,Schutz von Zivilbevölkerung ,Nichtkombattanten in bewaffneten Konflikten - Abstract
UN blue helmets have in many cases been an effective multilateral instrument for fostering war-to-peace transitions. But especially in Africa, where the majority of missions are deployed, peace operations suffer from a number of problems, including an underfunded region-wide African security architecture. These shortcomings severely restrict peacekeeping missions from fully realising their peacebuilding potential in Africa. Our research shows that UN peacekeeping missions are better able to protect civilians when well-trained and well-equipped troops participate in blue-helmet missions. But it is particularly those countries with highly qualified troops, such as European or North American countries, which are reluctant to participate. African peacekeepers are increasingly filling the rising demand for peacekeeping contributions, but they often lack the training and the capacity to effectively help missions fully achieve their goals. Peacekeepers themselves often perpetrate crimes - for instance, sexual abuse. High-profile cases have been reported from UN missions in Liberia or the Central African Republic. These crimes undermine peacekeepers' legitimacy and obstruct their peacebuilding potential. Three policies could help to remedy these problems and to improve the quality of peacekeeping in Africa and beyond. First, European countries, including Germany, should continue to participate in UN peace operations. Second, Germany and its allies should keep strengthening Africa's peacekeeping infrastructure, including the African Union and other regional security initiatives. Third, to credibly push for a rules-based international order, Germany should use its position on the United Nations Security Council to press for reforms to the council and to improve the legal accountability of peacekeepers.
- Published
- 2019
28. Drei Wege zu einer besseren multilateralen Friedenssicherung in Afrika (und anderswo)
- Author
-
Ansorg, Nadine, Haaß, Felix, and GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies - Leibniz-Institut für Globale und Regionale Studien, Institut für Afrika-Studien
- Subjects
peacekeeping troops ,Politikwissenschaft ,Friedens- und Konfliktforschung, Sicherheitspolitik ,conflict ,peacekeeping ,Peace and Conflict Research, International Conflicts, Security Policy ,effectiveness ,Konflikt ,UNO ,Zivilbevölkerung ,Afrika ,Friedenstruppe ,Friedenssicherung ,efficiency ,ddc:320 ,Africa ,civilian population ,Effizienz ,Political science ,Effektivität ,Peace Operations ,Friedensichernde Organe ,Schutz von Zivilbevölkerung ,Nichtkombattanten in bewaffneten Konflikten - Abstract
In Übergangsphasen zwischen Krieg und Frieden sind UN-Blauhelme häufig ein wirkungsvolles multilaterales Instrument. Doch vor allem in Afrika, wo die meisten Missionen stattfinden, leiden Friedensoperationen unter mehreren Problemen, inklusive einer unzureichend finanzierten Sicherheitsarchitektur in der gesamten afrikanischen Region. Durch diese Defizite werden Friedensmissionen massiv beeinträchtigt und können deshalb ihr Potenzial zur Friedenskonsolidierung in Afrika nicht in vollem Umfang zur Geltung bringen. Unsere Forschungen zeigen, dass Friedensmissionen der Vereinten Nationen die Zivilbevölkerung besser schützen können, wenn die beteiligten Blauhelmtruppen gut ausgebildet und ausgerüstet sind. Aber gerade die Länder, die über hoch qualifizierte Truppen verfügen, wie zum Beispiel europäische oder nordamerikanische Staaten, scheuen eine Beteiligung. Der wachsende Bedarf an Friedenssicherungskräften wird zunehmend durch afrikanische Truppen befriedigt, doch diesen fehlt es häufig an der Ausbildung und den Fähigkeiten, die für eine wirklich erfolgreiche Mission notwendig wären. Häufig werden von Friedenssicherungskräften selbst Straftaten begangen - zum Beispiel sexueller Missbrauch. Aufsehenerregende Fälle wurden aus UN-Missionen in Liberia und der Zentralafrikanischen Republik gemeldet. Solche Straftaten untergraben die Legitimität der Friedenssicherungskräfte und schränken deren Möglichkeiten zur Friedenskonsolidierung ein. Drei Konzepte könnten helfen, diese Probleme zu bewältigen und die Qualität der Friedenssicherung in Afrika und anderswo zu verbessern: Erstens sollten sich europäische Staaten einschließlich Deutschlands regelmäßig an Friedensoperationen der Vereinten Nationen beteiligen. Zweitens sollten Deutschland und seine Verbündeten die afrikanische Infrastruktur zur Friedenssicherung, darunter auch die Afrikanische Union und andere regionale Sicherheitsinitiativen, kontinuierlich stärken. Drittens sollte Deutschland glaubwürdig auf eine regelgestützte internationale Ordnung hinarbeiten, indem es seine Position im Sicherheitsrat der Vereinten Nationen nutzt, um auf Reformen im Rat zu dringen und die rechtliche Verantwortlichkeit der Friedenssicherungskräfte zu stärken.
- Published
- 2019
29. Drei Wege zu einer besseren multilateralen Friedenssicherung in Afrika (und anderswo)
- Author
-
GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies - Leibniz-Institut für Globale und Regionale Studien, Institut für Afrika-Studien, Ansorg, Nadine, Haaß, Felix, GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies - Leibniz-Institut für Globale und Regionale Studien, Institut für Afrika-Studien, Ansorg, Nadine, and Haaß, Felix
- Abstract
In Übergangsphasen zwischen Krieg und Frieden sind UN-Blauhelme häufig ein wirkungsvolles multilaterales Instrument. Doch vor allem in Afrika, wo die meisten Missionen stattfinden, leiden Friedensoperationen unter mehreren Problemen, inklusive einer unzureichend finanzierten Sicherheitsarchitektur in der gesamten afrikanischen Region. Durch diese Defizite werden Friedensmissionen massiv beeinträchtigt und können deshalb ihr Potenzial zur Friedenskonsolidierung in Afrika nicht in vollem Umfang zur Geltung bringen. Unsere Forschungen zeigen, dass Friedensmissionen der Vereinten Nationen die Zivilbevölkerung besser schützen können, wenn die beteiligten Blauhelmtruppen gut ausgebildet und ausgerüstet sind. Aber gerade die Länder, die über hoch qualifizierte Truppen verfügen, wie zum Beispiel europäische oder nordamerikanische Staaten, scheuen eine Beteiligung. Der wachsende Bedarf an Friedenssicherungskräften wird zunehmend durch afrikanische Truppen befriedigt, doch diesen fehlt es häufig an der Ausbildung und den Fähigkeiten, die für eine wirklich erfolgreiche Mission notwendig wären. Häufig werden von Friedenssicherungskräften selbst Straftaten begangen - zum Beispiel sexueller Missbrauch. Aufsehenerregende Fälle wurden aus UN-Missionen in Liberia und der Zentralafrikanischen Republik gemeldet. Solche Straftaten untergraben die Legitimität der Friedenssicherungskräfte und schränken deren Möglichkeiten zur Friedenskonsolidierung ein. Drei Konzepte könnten helfen, diese Probleme zu bewältigen und die Qualität der Friedenssicherung in Afrika und anderswo zu verbessern: Erstens sollten sich europäische Staaten einschließlich Deutschlands regelmäßig an Friedensoperationen der Vereinten Nationen beteiligen. Zweitens sollten Deutschland und seine Verbündeten die afrikanische Infrastruktur zur Friedenssicherung, darunter auch die Afrikanische Union und andere regionale Sicherheitsinitiativen, kontinuierlich stärken. Drittens sollte Deutschland glaubwürdig auf eine regelgestü
- Published
- 2019
30. Three Ways to Improve Multilateral Peacekeeping in Africa (and Beyond)
- Author
-
GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies - Leibniz-Institut für Globale und Regionale Studien, Institut für Afrika-Studien, Ansorg, Nadine, Haaß, Felix, GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies - Leibniz-Institut für Globale und Regionale Studien, Institut für Afrika-Studien, Ansorg, Nadine, and Haaß, Felix
- Subjects
- Peacekeeping forces Training of Africa., Peacekeeping forces, Africa
- Abstract
UN blue helmets have in many cases been an effective multilateral instrument for fostering war-to-peace transitions. But especially in Africa, where the majority of missions are deployed, peace operations suffer from a number of problems, including an underfunded region-wide African security architecture. These shortcomings severely restrict peacekeeping missions from fully realising their peacebuilding potential in Africa. Our research shows that UN peacekeeping missions are better able to protect civilians when well-trained and well-equipped troops participate in blue-helmet missions. But it is particularly those countries with highly qualified troops, such as European or North American countries, which are reluctant to participate. African peacekeepers are increasingly filling the rising demand for peacekeeping contributions, but they often lack the training and the capacity to effectively help missions fully achieve their goals. Peacekeepers themselves often perpetrate crimes - for instance, sexual abuse. High-profile cases have been reported from UN missions in Liberia or the Central African Republic. These crimes undermine peacekeepers' legitimacy and obstruct their peacebuilding potential. Three policies could help to remedy these problems and to improve the quality of peacekeeping in Africa and beyond. First, European countries, including Germany, should continue to participate in UN peace operations. Second, Germany and its allies should keep strengthening Africa's peacekeeping infrastructure, including the African Union and other regional security initiatives. Third, to credibly push for a rules-based international order, Germany should use its position on the United Nations Security Council to press for reforms to the council and to improve the legal accountability of peacekeepers.
- Published
- 2019
31. Rebels, Revenue and Redistribution: The Political Geography of Post-Conflict Power-Sharing in Africa.
- Author
-
Haass, Felix and Ottmann, Martin
- Subjects
- *
ETHNIC groups , *POWER sharing governments , *POLITICAL geography , *ELITE (Social sciences) , *POSTWAR reconstruction , *POWER (Social sciences) - Abstract
Do rebel elites who gain access to political power through power-sharing reward their own ethnic constituencies after war? The authors argue that power-sharing governments serve as instruments for rebel elites to access state resources. This access allows elites to allocate state resources disproportionately to their regional power bases, particularly the settlement areas of rebel groups' ethnic constituencies. To test this proposition, the authors link information on rebel groups in power-sharing governments in post-conflict countries in Africa to information about ethnic support for rebel organizations. They combine this information with sub-national data on ethnic groups' settlement areas and data on night light emissions to proxy for sub-national variation in resource investments. Implementing a difference-in-differences empirical strategy, the authors show that regions with ethnic groups represented through rebels in the power-sharing government exhibit higher levels of night light emissions than regions without such representation. These findings help to reconceptualize post-conflict power-sharing arrangements as rent-generating and redistributive institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Insurgency and Ivory: The Territorial Origins of Illicit Resource Extraction in Civil Conflicts.
- Author
-
Haass, Felix
- Subjects
- *
IVORY , *NATURAL resources , *FINANCIAL stress , *INSURGENCY , *BLACK market , *POACHING , *CRIMINAL behavior , *CIVIL war - Abstract
The presence of natural resources makes civil conflicts more likely to erupt, last longer, and more difficult to end. Yet rebels do not always exploit resources wherever they are present. Why? I argue that rebels extract more resources when they compete with governments over territorial authority. Territorial competition facilitates black market access, generates financial pressure, and produces governance incentives for rebels to extract natural resources. I test this proposition in a two-tiered research design. First, I show globally that moderate territorial control predicts more resource extraction by rebels. Subsequently, I focus on the example of ivory poaching which offers a rare glimpse into the usually hidden resource extraction process. I match spatially disaggregated conflict event data to subnational poaching data in conflict-affected African countries. Results show that rebels seeking territorial control substantially increase poaching rates. These findings highlight the strategic conditions under which territorial competition shapes rebel criminal behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. The democracy dilemma. Aid, power-sharing governments, and post-conflict democratization
- Author
-
Haass, Felix, primary
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Demokratisierung
- Author
-
Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung, Strasheim, Julia, Haaß, Felix, Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung, Strasheim, Julia, and Haaß, Felix
- Abstract
In der Theorie verspricht die Demokratisierung von Nachkriegsstaaten, Konflikte künftig friedlich auszutragen. Grundlage ist ein institutionelles Regelwerk, das auf Wahlen und Mitwirkung beruht. In der Praxis geht die Förderung von Demokratisierung jedoch mit einigen Dilemmata einher.
- Published
- 2018
35. Profits from Peace: the Political Economy of Power-Sharing and Corruption
- Author
-
Haaß, Felix, Ottmann, Martin, Haaß, Felix, and Ottmann, Martin
- Abstract
Does power-sharing drive corruption in post-conflict countries? We conceptualize government elites in any post-conflict situation as rent-seeking agents who need to ensure the support of their key constituencies to remain in power. Power-sharing institutions - especially cabinet-level, executive power-sharing institutions - systematically shape these rent-seeking motives. Power-sharing cabinets create political coalitions dominated by small circles of government and rebel elites with direct access to state resources and low levels of loyalty toward the government leader. Also, the provisional nature of many power-sharing institutions increases rent-seeking incentives: facing a limited time horizon in office, rent-seeking elites within the power-sharing coalition are likely to capture as many rents as possible before they have to leave office. Thus, post-conflict countries with power-sharing institutions should exhibit higher aggregated levels of rent-seeking measured as the level of corruption in a country. In a statistical analysis of all post-conflict situations during 1996–2010, we find that power-sharing cabinets substantively increase corruption in post-conflict countries and that this effect is stronger in the presence of natural resource rents. These findings add quantitative evidence to the debate about drivers of post-conflict corruption. Moreover, they highlight a trade-off between short-term stability and long-term negative effects of corruption for post-conflict political and economic development.
- Published
- 2018
36. The democracy dilemma. Aid, power-sharing governments, and post-conflict democratization.
- Author
-
Haass, Felix
- Subjects
POWER sharing governments ,DILEMMA ,DEMOCRATIZATION ,CONDITIONALITY (International relations) ,U.S. state budgets ,SHARING - Abstract
How does development aid shape democracy after civil conflicts? I argue that political aid conditionalities and the economic utility that recipient elites gain from office give rise to a rent-seeking/democracy dilemma: recipients can initiate democratic reforms but also risk uncertainty over office and rents. Or they can refuse to implement such reforms, but risk losing aid rents if donors reduce aid flows in response to failed democratic reforms. This dilemma is strongest in power-sharing cabinets. By granting rebel groups temporally limited access to the state budget, such cabinets intensify elites' rent-seeking motives. Thus, aid-dependent power-sharing elites will hold cleaner elections, but also limit judicial independence and increase particularistic spending to simultaneously reap aid benefits and remain in power. I find statistical support for this argument using data on aid flows and power-sharing governments for all post-conflict states between 1990 and 2010. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Demokratie lässt sich nicht kaufen: Friedenskonsolidierung in Afrika
- Author
-
Haaß, Felix and GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies - Leibniz-Institut für Globale und Regionale Studien, Institut für Afrika-Studien
- Subjects
Korruption ,Politikwissenschaft ,Friedens- und Konfliktforschung, Sicherheitspolitik ,corruption ,Peace and Conflict Research, International Conflicts, Security Policy ,conflict management ,politische Ökonomie ,election ,Internationale Beziehungen ,Wahl ,politische Macht ,Afrika ,political economy ,securing of power ,political power ,Machtsicherung ,Political science ,Abstimmung ,Demokratisierung ,peacekeeping ,Entwicklungshilfe ,democratization ,development aid ,International Relations, International Politics, Foreign Affairs, Development Policy ,Friedenssicherung ,Konfliktregelung ,voting ,ddc:320 ,Africa ,Peacebuilding ,Demokratieförderung ,Nachkonfliktphase ,Machtteilung ,Neopatrimonialismus ,International relations ,internationale Beziehungen, Entwicklungspolitik ,ddc:327 - Abstract
Fast 80 Prozent der Bevölkerung Afrikas leben in Staaten, die von Gewaltkonflikten betroffen waren oder noch sind, oft begleitet von illegitimer Regierungsführung. Demokratieförderung und politische Konditionalitäten in der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit sind daher zentraler Bestandteil der internationalen Unterstützung von Friedensprozessen. Internationale Maßnahmen zur Friedenskonsolidierung nach Bürgerkriegen konzentrieren sich oft auf die Unterstützung freier Wahlen. Wahlen sind allerdings nicht immer im Interesse von Nachkriegseliten, da eine potenzielle Wahlniederlage den Zugang zu politischer Macht und zu privaten Einnahmen aus dem Staatshaushalt gefährdet. Dies gilt insbesondere für Rebellen, die durch Power-Sharing-Regierungen kurzfristig aus einem Konflikt „herausgekauft“ wurden. Konzentriert sich die Demokratieförderung in solchen Fällen vor allem auf Wahlen, schränken Eliten die Unabhängigkeit der Justiz ein oder bedienen sich korrupter und klientelistischer Praktiken, um an der Macht zu bleiben. In der Demokratischen Republik Kongo konnten im Jahr 2006 unter einer Power-Sharing-Regierung und mit internationaler Unterstützung relativ freie und faire Nachkriegswahlen durchgeführt werden. Gleichzeitig schränkte die Regierung unter Joseph Kabila aber die Unabhängigkeit der Gerichte ein und baute ihre Machtbasis durch Korruption aus. Eine Analyse aller Postkonfliktepisoden zwischen 1990 und 2010 zeigt, dass dieses Muster von relativ freien und fairen Wahlen bei gleichzeitiger Verschlechterung anderer Governancebereiche auch über Subsahara-Afrika hinaus international verbreitet ist. Der Fokus internationaler Geber auf Wahlen kann autokratische Elemente in Nachkriegsstaaten stärken. Langfristig werden so Stabilität und Legitimität einer Friedensordnung untergraben. Bemühungen um den Aufbau von Rechtsstaatlichkeit, um Korruptionsbekämpfung und die Beteiligung der Zivilgesellschaft müssen gleichberechtigt neben der Förderung von Wahlen stehen. Die neuen Leitlinien der Bundesregierung zur Konfliktbearbeitung sind ein erster Schritt in die richtige Richtung.
- Published
- 2017
38. Profits from Peace: the Political Economy of Power-Sharing and Corruption
- Author
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Haaß, Felix and Ottmann, Martin
- Subjects
Regierungssystem ,Nachkonfliktphase ,Machtteilung ,Verteilte Macht ,Machtstruktur ,Rent-Seeking ,Konfliktpartei ,Konfliktbeteiligte ,political elite ,Korruption ,Politikwissenschaft ,corruption ,conflict management ,Wirtschaftsentwicklung ,politische Ökonomie ,Macht ,power ,political economy ,securing of power ,Kriminalität ,Nachkriegszeit ,institutionelle Faktoren ,politische Elite ,structure ,Machtsicherung ,Political Process, Elections, Political Sociology, Political Culture ,Political science ,politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur ,economic development (on national level) ,Struktur ,government ,Regierung ,politische Stabilität ,post-war period ,political stability ,Konfliktregelung ,ddc:320 ,institutional factors ,type of government ,criminality ,Staatsform - Abstract
Does power-sharing drive corruption in post-conflict countries? We conceptualize government elites in any post-conflict situation as rent-seeking agents who need to ensure the support of their key constituencies to remain in power. Power-sharing institutions - especially cabinet-level, executive power-sharing institutions - systematically shape these rent-seeking motives. Power-sharing cabinets create political coalitions dominated by small circles of government and rebel elites with direct access to state resources and low levels of loyalty toward the government leader. Also, the provisional nature of many power-sharing institutions increases rent-seeking incentives: facing a limited time horizon in office, rent-seeking elites within the power-sharing coalition are likely to capture as many rents as possible before they have to leave office. Thus, post-conflict countries with power-sharing institutions should exhibit higher aggregated levels of rent-seeking measured as the level of corruption in a country. In a statistical analysis of all post-conflict situations during 1996–2010, we find that power-sharing cabinets substantively increase corruption in post-conflict countries and that this effect is stronger in the presence of natural resource rents. These findings add quantitative evidence to the debate about drivers of post-conflict corruption. Moreover, they highlight a trade-off between short-term stability and long-term negative effects of corruption for post-conflict political and economic development.
- Published
- 2017
39. Better peacekeepers, better protection? Troop quality of United Nations peace operations and violence against civilians.
- Author
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Haass, Felix and Ansorg, Nadine
- Subjects
- *
VIOLENCE , *CIVILIANS in war , *ARMORED troops , *PEACEKEEPING forces - Abstract
Why do similarly sized peacekeeping missions vary in their effectiveness to protect civilians in conflicts? We argue that peace operations with a large share of troops from countries with high-quality militaries are better able to deter violence from state and non-state actors and create buffer zones within conflict areas, can better reach remote locations, and have superior capabilities – including diplomatic pressure by troop contributing countries – to monitor the implementation of peace agreements. These operational advantages enable them to better protect civilians. Combining data from military expenditures of troop contributing countries together with monthly data on the composition of peace operations, we create a proxy indicator for the average troop quality of UN PKOs. Statistical evidence from an extended sample of conflicts in Africa and Asia between 1991 and 2010 supports our argument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Demokratie lässt sich nicht kaufen: Friedenskonsolidierung in Afrika
- Author
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GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies - Leibniz-Institut für Globale und Regionale Studien, Institut für Afrika-Studien, Haaß, Felix, GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies - Leibniz-Institut für Globale und Regionale Studien, Institut für Afrika-Studien, and Haaß, Felix
- Abstract
Fast 80 Prozent der Bevölkerung Afrikas leben in Staaten, die von Gewaltkonflikten betroffen waren oder noch sind, oft begleitet von illegitimer Regierungsführung. Demokratieförderung und politische Konditionalitäten in der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit sind daher zentraler Bestandteil der internationalen Unterstützung von Friedensprozessen. Internationale Maßnahmen zur Friedenskonsolidierung nach Bürgerkriegen konzentrieren sich oft auf die Unterstützung freier Wahlen. Wahlen sind allerdings nicht immer im Interesse von Nachkriegseliten, da eine potenzielle Wahlniederlage den Zugang zu politischer Macht und zu privaten Einnahmen aus dem Staatshaushalt gefährdet. Dies gilt insbesondere für Rebellen, die durch Power-Sharing-Regierungen kurzfristig aus einem Konflikt „herausgekauft“ wurden. Konzentriert sich die Demokratieförderung in solchen Fällen vor allem auf Wahlen, schränken Eliten die Unabhängigkeit der Justiz ein oder bedienen sich korrupter und klientelistischer Praktiken, um an der Macht zu bleiben. In der Demokratischen Republik Kongo konnten im Jahr 2006 unter einer Power-Sharing-Regierung und mit internationaler Unterstützung relativ freie und faire Nachkriegswahlen durchgeführt werden. Gleichzeitig schränkte die Regierung unter Joseph Kabila aber die Unabhängigkeit der Gerichte ein und baute ihre Machtbasis durch Korruption aus. Eine Analyse aller Postkonfliktepisoden zwischen 1990 und 2010 zeigt, dass dieses Muster von relativ freien und fairen Wahlen bei gleichzeitiger Verschlechterung anderer Governancebereiche auch über Subsahara-Afrika hinaus international verbreitet ist. Der Fokus internationaler Geber auf Wahlen kann autokratische Elemente in Nachkriegsstaaten stärken. Langfristig werden so Stabilität und Legitimität einer Friedensordnung untergraben. Bemühungen um den Aufbau von Rechtsstaatlichkeit, um Korruptionsbekämpfung und die Beteiligung der Zivilgesellschaft müssen gleichberechtigt neben der Förderung von Wahlen stehen. Die neuen Leitlinien d
- Published
- 2017
41. Police reforms in peace agreements, 1975-2011: introducing the PRPA dataset
- Author
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Ansorg, Nadine, Haass, Felix, Strasheim, Julia, Ansorg, Nadine, Haass, Felix, and Strasheim, Julia
- Abstract
This article presents new data on provisions for police reform in peace agreements (PRPA) between 1975 and 2011. The PRPA dataset complements past research on the determinants and effects of specific terms in agreements with detailed data on police reform provisions. The PRPA dataset also adds a quantitative dimension to the thus far largely qualitative literature on post-conflict security sector reform (SSR). It includes information on six subtypes of police reform: capacity, training, human rights standards, accountability, force composition and international training and monitoring. We show that there is currently a high global demand for the regulation of police reform through peace agreements: police reform provisions are now more regularly included in agreements than settlement terms that call for power-sharing or elections. We observe interesting variations in the inclusion of police reform provisions in relation to past human rights violations, regime type, or the scope of international peacekeeping prior to negotiations, and illustrate the implications of police reform provisions for the duration of post-conflict peace. Finally, we stimulate ideas on how scholars and policymakers can use the PRPA dataset in future to study new questions on post-conflict police reform.
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- 2017
42. The Attribution of Responsibility in United Nations Security Council Resolutions, 1946-2015
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Strasheim, Julia, Haass, Felix, Bethke, Felix S., Strasheim, Julia, Haass, Felix, and Bethke, Felix S.
- Abstract
The United Nations use Security Council resolutions to attribute responsibility for issues of world politics either to itself or to other actors. In this article, we analyze the development of responsibility attribution over time. We evaluate whether the end of the Cold War and initiatives such as the Agenda for Peace and the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) influenced the prevalence of responsibility attribution in Security Council resolutions. The analysis is based on a dataset covering all resolutions published between 1946 and 2015. Using methods of quantitative text and time series analysis we document an increase of responsibility attributions through resolutions over time. However, this increase is not clearly attributable to initiatives such as the Agenda and the R2P.
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- 2017
43. Peacekeeping Contributor Profile: Germany
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Ansorg, Nadine, Haass, Felix, Ansorg, Nadine, and Haass, Felix
- Published
- 2017
44. Five books I liked in 2015
- Author
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Haass, Felix
- Subjects
ddc:320 - Abstract
Here are five books I read in 2015 that I particularly liked. Expect an eclectic mix of fiction and non-fiction, and not necessarily social-sciency. Although I tend to pick those books that end up having some social science-stuff / politics in them without explicitly looking for it. That, and books about spaceships...
- Published
- 2016
45. Fleeing the Peace? Determinants of Outward Migration after Civil War
- Author
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Haaß, Felix, Kurtenbach, Sabine, Strasheim, Julia, and Article Outline
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Fleeing the peace: emigration after civil war
- Author
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Haaß, Felix, Kurtenbach, Sabine, Strasheim, Julia, and GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies - Leibniz-Institut für Globale und Regionale Studien
- Subjects
Ursache ,political elite ,Politikwissenschaft ,Friedens- und Konfliktforschung, Sicherheitspolitik ,Peace and Conflict Research, International Conflicts, Security Policy ,Südasien ,South Asia ,post-war society ,Emigration ,cause ,violence ,Nachkriegsgesellschaft ,Nepal ,El Salvador ,politische Elite ,refugee ,Migration, Sociology of Migration ,Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ,Political science ,politisches System ,Migration ,Reformpolitik ,Gewalt ,reform policy ,Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ,political system ,Entwicklungshilfe ,development aid ,Repression ,Lateinamerika ,flight ,Latin America ,Flüchtling ,ddc:320 ,ddc:300 ,Flucht ,peace process ,Friedensprozess ,emigration (polit. or relig. reasons) - Abstract
Flight and emigration often continue despite the formal termination of war and significant international peace-building efforts because the international community often fails to address the root causes of flight and migration. Donors primarily aim at mitigating the direct consequences of war and pacifying elite groups rather than delivering peace dividends that benefit the broader population. The decision to flee during peacetime often closely relates to structural problems. Where peace is reduced to the mere absence of war and is of low quality, it is difficult to overcome major social cleavages. Thus the reasons for emigration persist. Three factors shape the quality of peace across specific contexts: (i) the level of violence beyond the recurrence of war, (ii) the degree of access to justice and political participation beyond a formal change of the political regime, and (iii) the generation of social and economic prospects and social mobi lity. Nepal and El Salvador are illustrative examples of the interplay of these factors at the interface between state and society. In these countries, state repression and other forms of violence persist, the political system is dominated by traditional elites or those that fought the war, and youths and former combatants lack prospects for the future. Policy Implications International actors need to adapt their strategies in post-war societies in a way that they support the broader population and not just the interests of the elite. While the termination of war and the introduction of democratisation might be first steps in this direction, they alone do not automatically lead to sustainable quality peace.
- Published
- 2016
47. Flucht vor dem Frieden: Emigration aus Nachkriegsgesellschaften
- Author
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Haaß, Felix, Kurtenbach, Sabine, Strasheim, Julia, and GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies - Leibniz-Institut für Globale und Regionale Studien
- Subjects
Ursache ,political elite ,Politikwissenschaft ,Friedens- und Konfliktforschung, Sicherheitspolitik ,Peace and Conflict Research, International Conflicts, Security Policy ,Südasien ,South Asia ,post-war society ,Emigration ,cause ,violence ,Nachkriegsgesellschaft ,Nepal ,El Salvador ,politische Elite ,refugee ,Migration, Sociology of Migration ,Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ,Political science ,politisches System ,Migration ,Reformpolitik ,Gewalt ,reform policy ,Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ,political system ,Entwicklungshilfe ,development aid ,politischer Akteur ,Repression ,political actor ,Lateinamerika ,flight ,Latin America ,Flüchtling ,ddc:320 ,ddc:300 ,Flucht ,peace process ,Friedensprozess ,emigration (polit. or relig. reasons) - Abstract
Trotz formalem Kriegsende und umfangreicher internationaler Unterstützung fliehen und migrieren weiterhin viele Menschen aus Nachkriegsgesellschaften. Die internationalen Programme zielen in erster Linie darauf, die Kriegsfolgen zu bewältigen und die Eliten zu befrieden. Sie wirken kaum auf die Fluchtursachen ein; eine Friedensdividende für die Bevölkerungsmehrheit fehlt. Die individuelle Entscheidung zur Flucht auch nach Beendigung von Kriegen hängt eng mit strukturellen Problemen zusammen. Wo Frieden auf die Abwesenheit von Krieg reduziert wird, können zentrale gesellschaftliche Spaltungen nur schwer überwunden werden. Somit bleibt die Qualität des Friedens im Nachkrieg gering. Die Qualität von Frieden kann über spezifische Kontexte hinweg mit drei Faktoren bestimmt werden: dem Ausmaß der Gewalt auch unterhalb der Schwelle zum Rückfall in den Krieg; dem Zugang der Bevölkerung zu Recht und der Möglichkeit politischer Partizipation sowie der Schaffung von sozialen und wirtschaftlichen Perspektiven zum Überleben und für soziale Mobilität. Erfahrungen in Nepal und El Salvador illustrieren das Wechselspiel dieser Faktoren an der Schnittstelle zwischen Staat und Gesellschaft. Staatliche Repression und andere Formen der Gewalt sind enorm. Das politische System wird von den alten Eliten dominiert. Jugendliche und Ex-Kombattanten haben keine Zukunftsperspektiven. Fazit Internationale Akteure müssen ihre Strategien in Nachkriegskontexten so verändern, dass die Mehrheit der Bevölkerung vom Kriegsende profitiert und nicht nur die jeweiligen Eliten. Die Beendigung von Kriegen und formale Demokratisierung können hierfür ein erster Schritt sein. Damit wird jedoch nicht automatisch ein langfristig tragfähiger Frieden geschaffen, der die Ursachen von Flüchtlingsbewegungen vermindert.
- Published
- 2016
48. Does Peace Trickle Down? Micro-Level Evidence from Africa
- Author
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Haass, Felix, primary and Ottmann, Martin, additional
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- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. IB-Nachwuchstagung 2016: Call for Abstracts bis 1. Oktober 2015
- Author
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Haass, Felix
- Subjects
ddc:320 - Abstract
Im folgenden findet ihr einen Call for Papers für die Nachwuchstagung der Nachwuchsgruppe der DVPW-Sektion “Internationale Politik”, für den wir aus Gründen der Nachwuchsförderung von unserer eigentlich Policy, sparsam mit CfPs umzugehen, einmal abweichen wollen.
- Published
- 2015
50. Kurz & Knapp: 'Stell Dir vor, es ist DVPW-Kongress und die IB geht nicht hin'
- Author
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Haass, Felix
- Subjects
ddc:320 - Abstract
In der aktuellen Ausgabe der Zeitschrift für Internationale Beziehungen analysieren Christopher Daase und Nicole Deitelhoff (Uni Frankfurt) den Ist-Zustand in der deutschen Disziplin der Internationalen Beziehungen (Fazit: nicht so gut & viel Käse) und rufen zu mehr Beteiligung auf, v.a. beim anstehenden DVPW-Kongress in Duisburg.
- Published
- 2015
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