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Detection of host integrated viral oncogenes are critical for early and point-of-care molecular diagnostics of virus-induced carcinoma. However, available diagnostic approaches are incapable of combining both cost-efficient medical diagnosis and high analytical performances. To circumvent this, we have developed an improved IDE-based nanobiosensor for biorecognition of HPV-16 infected cervical cancer cells through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The system is fabricated by coating gold (Au) doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods interfaced with HPV-16 viral DNA bioreceptors on top of the Interdigitated Electrode (IDE) chips surface. Due to the concurrently improved sensitivity and biocompatibility of the designed nanohybrid film, Au decorated ZnO-Nanorod biosensors demonstrate exceptional detection of HPV-16 E6 oncogene, the cancer biomarker for HPV infected cervical cancers. This sensor displayed high levels of sensitivity by detecting as low as 1fM of viral E6 gene target. The sensor also exhibited a stable functional life span of more than 5 weeks, good reproducibility and high discriminatory properties against HPV-16. Sensor current responses are obtained from cultured cervical cancer cells which are close to clinical cancer samples. Hence, the developed sensor is an adaptable tool with high potential for clinical diagnosis especially useful for economically challenged countries/regions.

Cyanotis beddomei is being extracted via Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) method. The chosen variables for the extraction were methanol proportion, extraction time, extraction temperature and ratio of liquid to solid. The optimum extraction conditions were methanol of 70% (v/v), extraction time of 30 min, extraction temperature of 70°C and liquid to solid ratio of 20 mL/g. Under these conditions, 13.31 mg/g total plant extracts were obtained by Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE). The results showed that all the chosen variables for the MAE were significant on the yield of crude extract while the most important variable was the extraction time and solid to liquid ratio.