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Leaving the parental home to live independently has long been a marker of one's transition to adulthood and a sign of immigrant adaptation to the host country. The timing and pathways of home-leaving are important for both the housing trajectories of young adults and the overall housing demand of immigrant receiving areas. However, young adults--immigrants or not--have increasingly been delaying this transition, opting instead to stay in the parental home for an extended period of time. In this paper, we conceptualize home-leaving as a decision made over time--influenced by individual, family, and contextual factors--and use panel data collected in the 2011 and 2017 Canadian General Social Survey (GSS). Through both a Cox proportional hazard model and a competing risk model, we examine the timing of exit from the parental home, the determinants of this exit, and the variable rates of independent household formation across immigrant, non-visible, and visible minority groups. We find, although the relationship is not always linear, generational status, as well as race and ethnicity, play an important role in not only the timing, but also the destination of home leaving, while age at arrival is particularly salient for racialized immigrant groups. Young immigrants of visible minority background are generally less likely to leave their parental home, even though immigrants to Canada are selected for their ability to succeed in Canada. Quitter le domicile parental pour vivre en autonomie a longtemps ete un marqueur de passage a l'age adulte et un signe d'adaptation des immigrants au pays d'accueil. Le moment et les parcours du depart a la maison ce sont tous importants pour les trajectoires de logement des jeunes adultes et aussi pour la demande globale de logements des zones d'accueil des immigrants. Toutefois, les jeunes adultes, immigres ou non, retardent de plus en plus cette transition, optant plutot pour un sejour prolonge chez leurs parents. Dans cet article, nous conceptualisons le depart du domicile comme une decision prise au fil du temps, influencee par des facteurs individuels, familiaux et contextuels et utilisons des donnees de panel recueillies dans le cadre de l'Enquete sociale generale (ESG) canadienne de 2011 et 2017. Utiliser le modele de Cox a risques instantanes proportionnels et d'un modele a risques concurrents, nous examinons le moment de la sortie du domicile parental, les determinants de ces sorties et les taux variables de formation de menages independants parmi les groupes d'immigrants, non visibles et de minorites visibles. Nous trouvons que, bien que la relation ne soit pas toujours lineaire, le statut des generations, ainsi que la race et l'origine ethnique, jouent un role important non seulement sur le moment, mais aussi dans la destination du depart, tandis que l'age a l'arrivee est particulierement saillant pour les groupes d'immigrants racialises. Les jeunes immigrants issus de minorites visibles sont generalement moins susceptibles de quitter le domicile de leurs parents, alors meme que les immigrants au Canada sont selectionnes en fonction de leur capacite a reussir au Canada., INTRODUCTION Living with parents, a once derided living arrangement for young adults, is becoming an increasingly prevalent social norm. In Canada, 42% of young adults aged 20-29 lived with their [...]

Poverty continues to burden millions of Canadians each year, and social assistance (SA) is one program that provides last-resort financial assistance, conditional upon looking for and accepting work. Using tax panel data of SA recipients from across seven Canadian regions between 2000 and 2018, we model the probabilities of employment success (ES) across industry of employment, SA benefit amounts, unionization, and individual-level characteristics. We adopt an economic stance to explain reliance upon SA, examining the broader macroeconomic indicators of ES, and to demonstrate the factors associated with exiting SA. We find that many SA recipients do not present evidence of recent employment, indicating a disconnect between stated SA program aims and their outcomes. We provide evidence for increased SA benefits and unionization as significant predictors of ES of SA recipients. La pauvrete continue de peser sur des millions de Canadiens chaque annee, et l'aide sociale (AS) est un programme qui fournit une aide financiere de dernier recours, a condition de chercher et d'accepter un emploi. A l'aide de donnees fiscales de panel sur les beneficiaires de l'aide sociale de sept regions canadiennes entre 2000 et 2018, nous modelisons les probabilites de reussite professionnelle en fonction du secteur d'emploi, du montant des prestations d'aide sociale, de la syndicalisation et des caracteristiques individuelles. Nous adoptons une position economique pour expliquer le recours a l'AS, en examinant les indicateurs macroeconomiques plus larges de la reussite professionnelle, et pour demontrer les facteurs associes a la sortie de l'AS. Nous constatons que de nombreux beneficiaires de l'AS ne presentent pas de preuve d'emploi recent, ce qui indique un decalage entre les objectifs declares du programme d'AS et leurs resultats. Nous fournissons des preuves que l'augmentation des prestations d'AS et la syndicalisation sont des predicteurs importants de la reussite de l'emploi des beneficiaires de l'AS., INTRODUCTION Social assistance (SA) is an essential service that lies at the heart of any welfare state (Esping-Andersen, 2013; Kenworthy, 2011). The goal of short-term financial programs such as SA [...]

This paper explores some of the implications that administrative data, defined as data initially collected for purposes other than research, will have for Sociology. Although administrative data are 'found' rather than 'made' and, in turn, pose several challenges, we argue that the potential of these data warrant the investment, and may lead to a new methodological imagination that can shed a light on time-tested concepts and advance our understanding of society. We show that it is already possible to advance several sociological debates through the use of administrative data and demonstrate the potential of these data through some examples drawn from classical sociological theory. We conclude by arguing that administrative data's potential will likely ensure that it becomes an important component of sociological research agendas in the coming years. Cet article explore certaines des implications que les donnees administratives--definies comme des donnees initialement collectees a des fins autres que la recherche--auront pour la sociologie. Quoique les donnees administratives soient << trouvees >> plutot que << faites >> et, a leur tour, posent plusieurs defis, nous soutenons que le potentiel de ces donnees justifie l'investissement et peut conduire a une nouvelle imagination methodologique, une qui peut mettre en lumiere des concepts durables sociologiques et avancer notre comprehension de la societe. Nous montrons qu'il est deja possible de faire avancer plusieurs debats sociologiques avec lutilisation de donnees administratives, et nous demontrons le potentiel de ces donnees a travers quelques exemples tires de la theorie sociologique classique. Nous concluons en affirmant que le potentiel des donnees administratives garantira probablement qu'elles deviendront une composante importante des recherches sociologiques a venir., INTRODUCTION Over the past few decades, the information landscape for social science has changed dramatically with the availability of big data. In the Canadian context, there are over 30 series [...]

Race-based and other demographic information on COVID-19 patients is not being collected consistently across provinces in Canada. Therefore, whether the burden of COVID-19 is falling disproportionately on the shoulders of particular demographic groups is relatively unknown. In this article, we first provide an overview of the available geographic and demographic data related to COVID-19. We then make creative use of these existing data to fill the vacuum and identify key demographic risk factors for COVID-19 across Canada's health regions. Drawing on COVID-19 counts and tabular census data, we examine the association between communities' demographic composition and the number of COVID-19 infections. COVID-19 infections are higher in communities with larger shares of Black and low-income residents. Our approach offers a way for researchers and policymakers to use existing data to identify communities nationwide that are vulnerable to the pandemic in the absence of more detailed demographic and more granular geographic data. Les renseignements fondes sur la race et d'autres donnees demographiques sur les patients atteints du COVID-19 ne sont pas recueillis de maniere uniforme dans toutes les provinces du Canada. Par consequent, si le fardeau du COVID-19 tombe de maniere disproportionnee sur les epaules de groupes demographiques particuliers est relativement inconnu. Dans cet article, nous fournissons d'abord un apercu des donnees geographiques et demographiques disponibles liees au COVID-19. Nous utilisons ensuite de maniere creative ces donnees existantes pour combler le vide et identifier les principaux facteurs de risque demographiques du COVID-19 dans les regions sociosanitaires du Canada. En nous basant sur les denombrements de COVID-19 et les donnees tabulaires du recensement, nous examinons l'association entre la composition demographique des communautes et le nombre d'infections au COVID-19. Les infections au COVID-19 sont plus elevees dans les communautes avec une plus grande proportion de residents Noirs et a faible revenu. Notre approche offre aux chercheurs et aux decideurs un moyen d'utiliser les donnees existantes pour identifier les communautes a l'echelle nationale qui sont vulnerables a la pandemie en l'absence de donnees demographiques plus detaillees et geographiques plus granulaires., INTRODUCTION The global novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been raging for more than one year. In Canada, an initial wave emerged in mid-March, and by mid-April, there were [...]

Brain drain is an increasingly important concern for local governments in northern communities in Canada in maintaining and enhancing human capital levels to sustain vibrant economies and communities. Researchers, however, have yet to examine the magnitude of north-south out-migration nor do we know the characteristics of youth who are likely to relocate. Our study contributes to this knowledge gap by employing multiple waves from Statistics Canada's Youth in Transition Survey (Cohort A) linked to each youth's reading scores from the Programme for International Student Assessment (measured at age 15), and longitudinally to their tax filer information until age 30 (T1 Family Files). La fuite des cerveaux est une preoccupation de plus en plus importante pour les gouvemements locaux des collectivites du Nord du Canada dans le maintien et ['amelioration des niveaux de capital humain afin de soutenir des economies et des collectivites dynamiques. Toutefois, les chercheurs n'ont pas encore examine l'ampleur de l'emigration nord-sud et nous ne connaissons pas non plus les caracteristiques des jeunes susceptibles de demenager. Notre etude contribue k ce manque de connaissances en utilisant de multiples ondes de l'Enquete sur les jeunes en transition (cohorte A) de Statistique Canada liees aux resultats de lecture de chaque jeune du Programme international de lecture du suivi des eleves (mesures d l'age de 15 ans), et longitudinalement a leurs informations de declarant jusqu'd l'age 30 (T1 Family Files)., BRAIN DRAIN--THE LOSS of highly trained or educated individuals from a region--is a concern for northern communities in Canada. The loss of young people from northern to southern, urban centers [...]

An increasing body of sociological research explores the complexity of intimate partner violence (IPV) in heterosexual relationships. However, early research in this area concentrated exclusively on male perpetration, thereby necessitating a better understanding of the contexts behind female-perpetrated and bidirectional IPV. Using the two most recent cycles of the Canadian General Social Survey (2014 and 2019), our study employs a multinomial logistic regression model to examine the prevalence and severity of female and male physical IPV victimization among a large sample of married and common-law heterosexual couples. Framing our analysis through one concentric level of Dutton's (1990) nested ecological model, the exosystem, we aim to understand whether these indicators serve as protective markers against severe and nonsevere physical IPV. We investigate the impact of eight exosystem indicators (financial stress, number of children, length of relationship, religiosity, employment, social support, education, and income). Our findings suggest that social support, employment, and household income serve as protective markers against male and female physical IPV victimization. Other protective factors include the length of the relationship and the partner's religiosity for female-perpetrated violence. At the same time, the presence of children in the household reduces the likelihood of male-perpetrated IPV despite being a risk marker for female perpetration. Risk factors for both men and women include education and their partner's employment. Future research should undertake a more in-depth exploration of the impact of exosystem and macrosystem factors on instances of IPV to generate a better understanding of predictive and preventative measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines trades-related and university educational attainment (by age 25) of immigrant and Canadian-born Alberta youth while controlling for gender, family socio-economic status, high school grades, and parental encouragement regarding higher education. Data from the longitudinal Alberta School-Work Transitions Study (1996-2003) reveal significant differences between immigrants and non-immigrant young adults in terms of trades-related post-secondary education (PSE). Multinomial logit analysis shows that Alberta immigrant youth are significantly more likely than their Canadian-born counterparts to attain trades-related PSE credentials by age 25. Important factors explaining these differences include parental encouragement and high school grades.

This study focuses on the fastest changing component of housing demand in the future—the immigrant and minority groups, age 25–84. Using the 2006 and 2016 Canadian censuses and American Community Surveys, we compare headship and homeownership rates of both immigrants and native-born Whites in Canada and the United States. We model the probability of being a renter head, owner head, or nonhousehold head by fitting a multinomial logistic regression, controlling for several individual and contextual variables for both countries. We find that most immigrant groups have had similar patterns of household formation in the two countries and that, whereas immigrants have shown upward mobility in both housing markets, those in Canada have progressed more quickly than in the United States. Further, we find that women are less likely than men to be a household head in both countries, but that the gap is larger in Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]