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1. A creative destruction approach to replication: implicit work and sex morality across cultures

Author

Tierney, W, Hardy, J, Ebersole, CR, Viganola, D, Clemente, EG, Gordon, M, Hoogeveen, S, Haaf, J, Dreber, A, Johannesson, M, Pfeiffer, T, Huang, JL, Vaughn, LA, DeMarree, K, Igou, ER, Chapman, H, Gantman, A, Vanaman, M, Wylie, J, Storbeck, J, Andreychik, MR, McPhetres, J, Uhlmann, EL, Abraham, AT, Adamkovic, M, Adam-Troian, J, Agadullina, E, Akkas, H, Amir, D, Anne, M, Arbeau, KJ, Arnestad, MN, Aruta, JJB, Ashraf, M, Azar, OH, Baker, BJ, Baník, G, Barbosa, S, Mendes, AB, Baskin, E, Bauman, CW, Bavolar, J, Beckman, SE, Bendixen, T, Benjamin, AS, Berkers, RMWJ, Bhattacharjee, A, Bodily, SE, Bottom, V, Brick, C, Brigden, N, Brown, SEV, Buckley, J, Butterfield, ME, Caton, NR, Chen, Z, Chen, JF, Chen, F, Christensen, I, Cicerali, EE, Columbus, S, Cox, DJ, Cracco, E, Crafa, D, Cummins, J, Cutler, J, Dahms, ZO, Danvers, AF, Daum-Avital, L, Dawson, IGJ, Day, MV, Deprez, PO, Dietl, E, Dimant, E, Dogan, G, Domurat, A, Dores Cruz, TD, du Plessis, C, Dubrov, D, Dwibedi, E, Elbaek, CT, Elsherif, MM, Evans, TR, Field, SM, Firat, M, Francis, Z, Ganzach, Y, Gautam, R, Gearin, B, Geiger, SJ, Ghasemi, O, Graf-Vlachy, L, Gram, L, Grigoryev, D, Guadagno, RE, Hafenbrack, AC, Hafenbrädl, S, Hagen, L, Hagmann, D, Hammersley, JJ, and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Theory testing, Work values, Priming, Culture, Implicit social cognition, Replication, Falsification
Abstract

How can we maximize what is learned from a replication study? In the creative destruction approach to replication, the original hypothesis is compared not only to the null hypothesis, but also to predictions derived from multiple alternative theoretical accounts of the phenomenon. To this end, new populations and measures are included in the design in addition to the original ones, to help determine which theory best accounts for the results across multiple key outcomes and contexts. The present pre-registered empirical project compared the Implicit Puritanism account of intuitive work and sex morality to theories positing regional, religious, and social class differences; explicit rather than implicit cultural differences in values; self-expression vs. survival values as a key cultural fault line; the general moralization of work; and false positive effects. Contradicting Implicit Puritanism's core theoretical claim of a distinct American work morality, a number of targeted findings replicated across multiple comparison cultures, whereas several failed to replicate in all samples and were identified as likely false positives. No support emerged for theories predicting regional variability and specific individual-differences moderators (religious affiliation, religiosity, and education level). Overall, the results provide evidence that work is intuitively moralized across cultures.

Published
2022
Full Text
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2. A creative destruction approach to replication : Implicit work and sex morality across cultures

Author

Tierney, W., Hardy, J. , I I I, Ebersole, C. R., Viganola, D., Clemente, E. G., Gordon, M., Hoogeveen, S., Haaf, J., Dreber, A., Johannesson, M., Pfeiffer, T., Huang, J. L., Vaughn, L. A., DeMarree, K., Igou, E. R., Chapman, H., Gantman, A., Vanaman, M., Wylie, J., Storbeck, J., Andreychik, M. R., McPhetres, J., Uhlmann, E. L., Abraham, A. T., Adamkovic, M., Adam-Troian, J., Agadullina, E., Akkas, H., Amir, D., Anne, M., Arbeau, K. J., Arnestad, M. N., Aruta, J. J. B., Ashraf, M., Azar, O. H., Baker, B. J., Baník, G., Barbosa, S., Mendes, A. B., Baskin, E., Bauman, C. W., Bavolar, J., Beckman, S. E., Bendixen, T., Benjamin, A. S., Berkers, R. M. W. J., Bhattacharjee, A., Bodily, S. E., Bottom, V., Brick, C., Brigden, N., Brown, S. E. V., Buckley, Jeffrey, Butterfield, M. E., Caton, N. R., Chen, Z., Chen, J. F., Chen, F., Christensen, I., Cicerali, E. E., Columbus, S., Cox, D. J., Cracco, E., Crafa, D., Cummins, J., Cutler, J., Dahms, Z. O., Danvers, A. F., Daum-Avital, L., Dawson, I. G. J., Day, M. V., Deprez, P. O., Dietl, E., Dimant, E., Dogan, G., Domurat, A., Dores Cruz, T. D., du Plessis, C., Dubrov, D., Dwibedi, E., Elbaek, C. T., Elsherif, M. M., Evans, T. R., Field, S. M., Firat, M., Francis, Z., Ganzach, Y., Gautam, R., Gearin, B., Geiger, S. J., Ghasemi, O., Graf-Vlachy, L., Gram, L., Grigoryev, D., Guadagno, R. E., Hafenbrack, A. C., Hafenbrädl, S., Hagen, L., Hagmann, D., Hammersley, J. J., Han, H., Hartanto, A., Heilman, R. M., Henkel, A. P., Holzmeister, F., Huang, Q., Huang, T. S. -T, Hubena, B., Huntsinger, J. R., Imada, H., Ingels, M. J., Ishii, T., Jain, C., Jamro, K., Jankowsky, K., Janssen, S. M. J., Jha, N., Jia, F., Jolles, D., Jozefiakova, B., Kačmár, P., Kalimeri, K., Kantorowicz, J., Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, E., Kasper, M., Kausel, E. E., Keller, L., Kim, Y. J., Kim, M. J., Knutsson, M., Kombeiz, O., Kowal, M., Laine, T., Lazić, A., Leder, J., Leib, M., Levitan, C. A., Lloyd, A., Lo, R. F., Lovakov, A., Lüke, T., Ly, A. L., Maas, V. S., Magraw-Mickelson, Z., Mahar, E. A., Marcus, J. C., Marsh, M. S., Marsh, A. A., Martin, C. C., Martončik, M., Massoni, S., Masters-Waage, T. C., Mazei, J., McCarthy, R. J., Mehta, S., Meyers, C., AureliaMiendlarzewska, E., Millroth, P., Milyavskaya, M., Miron-Shatz, T., Mistry, P. D., Mitropoulou, K., Mogami, M., Moreau, D., Mori, Y., Myer, A., Newall, P. W. S., Nguyen, P. L. L., Nieper, A. S., Nilsonne, G., Nissenbaum, A. L., Niszczota, P., Nobel, N., Oelhafen, S., O'Mahony, A., Orhan, M. A., Oswald, F., Otterbring, T., Otto, P. E., Paruzel-Czachura, M., Pfuhl, G., Plourde, J. M., Pownall, M., Prashant, A., Prokosch, M. L., Protzko, J., Purić, D. B., Rad, M. S., Raes, L., Rahal, R. -M, Redford, L., Redker, C. M., Reggev, N., Reynolds, C. J., Roczniewska, M., Ropovik, I., Röseler, L., Ross, R. M., Rotella, A., Rusu, R., Schaerer, M., Schiavone, W. M., Schnabel, L., Schuetze, B. A., Scopelliti, I., Shtudiner, Z., Shulman, D., Song, V., Springstein, T., Strømland, E., Sweeney, K. P., Terskova, M. A., Tey, K. S., Ting, F., Tybur, J. M., Urbanska, K., Vanags, P., Vitriol, J. A., Voslinsky, A., Shamoon, S., Vranka, M. A., Wakabayashi, L. E. T., Watkins, H. M., Westgate, E. C., Wienk, M. N. A., Woike, J. K., Wollbrant, C. E., Wright, A. J., Xiao, Q., Yakter, A., Yang, Y., Yang, Z., Yeung, S. K., Yilmaz, O., Yucel, M., Zogmaister, C., Zultan, R., Tierney, W., Hardy, J. , I I I, Ebersole, C. R., Viganola, D., Clemente, E. G., Gordon, M., Hoogeveen, S., Haaf, J., Dreber, A., Johannesson, M., Pfeiffer, T., Huang, J. L., Vaughn, L. A., DeMarree, K., Igou, E. R., Chapman, H., Gantman, A., Vanaman, M., Wylie, J., Storbeck, J., Andreychik, M. R., McPhetres, J., Uhlmann, E. L., Abraham, A. T., Adamkovic, M., Adam-Troian, J., Agadullina, E., Akkas, H., Amir, D., Anne, M., Arbeau, K. J., Arnestad, M. N., Aruta, J. J. B., Ashraf, M., Azar, O. H., Baker, B. J., Baník, G., Barbosa, S., Mendes, A. B., Baskin, E., Bauman, C. W., Bavolar, J., Beckman, S. E., Bendixen, T., Benjamin, A. S., Berkers, R. M. W. J., Bhattacharjee, A., Bodily, S. E., Bottom, V., Brick, C., Brigden, N., Brown, S. E. V., Buckley, Jeffrey, Butterfield, M. E., Caton, N. R., Chen, Z., Chen, J. F., Chen, F., Christensen, I., Cicerali, E. E., Columbus, S., Cox, D. J., Cracco, E., Crafa, D., Cummins, J., Cutler, J., Dahms, Z. O., Danvers, A. F., Daum-Avital, L., Dawson, I. G. J., Day, M. V., Deprez, P. O., Dietl, E., Dimant, E., Dogan, G., Domurat, A., Dores Cruz, T. D., du Plessis, C., Dubrov, D., Dwibedi, E., Elbaek, C. T., Elsherif, M. M., Evans, T. R., Field, S. M., Firat, M., Francis, Z., Ganzach, Y., Gautam, R., Gearin, B., Geiger, S. J., Ghasemi, O., Graf-Vlachy, L., Gram, L., Grigoryev, D., Guadagno, R. E., Hafenbrack, A. C., Hafenbrädl, S., Hagen, L., Hagmann, D., Hammersley, J. J., Han, H., Hartanto, A., Heilman, R. M., Henkel, A. P., Holzmeister, F., Huang, Q., Huang, T. S. -T, Hubena, B., Huntsinger, J. R., Imada, H., Ingels, M. J., Ishii, T., Jain, C., Jamro, K., Jankowsky, K., Janssen, S. M. J., Jha, N., Jia, F., Jolles, D., Jozefiakova, B., Kačmár, P., Kalimeri, K., Kantorowicz, J., Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, E., Kasper, M., Kausel, E. E., Keller, L., Kim, Y. J., Kim, M. J., Knutsson, M., Kombeiz, O., Kowal, M., Laine, T., Lazić, A., Leder, J., Leib, M., Levitan, C. A., Lloyd, A., Lo, R. F., Lovakov, A., Lüke, T., Ly, A. L., Maas, V. S., Magraw-Mickelson, Z., Mahar, E. A., Marcus, J. C., Marsh, M. S., Marsh, A. A., Martin, C. C., Martončik, M., Massoni, S., Masters-Waage, T. C., Mazei, J., McCarthy, R. J., Mehta, S., Meyers, C., AureliaMiendlarzewska, E., Millroth, P., Milyavskaya, M., Miron-Shatz, T., Mistry, P. D., Mitropoulou, K., Mogami, M., Moreau, D., Mori, Y., Myer, A., Newall, P. W. S., Nguyen, P. L. L., Nieper, A. S., Nilsonne, G., Nissenbaum, A. L., Niszczota, P., Nobel, N., Oelhafen, S., O'Mahony, A., Orhan, M. A., Oswald, F., Otterbring, T., Otto, P. E., Paruzel-Czachura, M., Pfuhl, G., Plourde, J. M., Pownall, M., Prashant, A., Prokosch, M. L., Protzko, J., Purić, D. B., Rad, M. S., Raes, L., Rahal, R. -M, Redford, L., Redker, C. M., Reggev, N., Reynolds, C. J., Roczniewska, M., Ropovik, I., Röseler, L., Ross, R. M., Rotella, A., Rusu, R., Schaerer, M., Schiavone, W. M., Schnabel, L., Schuetze, B. A., Scopelliti, I., Shtudiner, Z., Shulman, D., Song, V., Springstein, T., Strømland, E., Sweeney, K. P., Terskova, M. A., Tey, K. S., Ting, F., Tybur, J. M., Urbanska, K., Vanags, P., Vitriol, J. A., Voslinsky, A., Shamoon, S., Vranka, M. A., Wakabayashi, L. E. T., Watkins, H. M., Westgate, E. C., Wienk, M. N. A., Woike, J. K., Wollbrant, C. E., Wright, A. J., Xiao, Q., Yakter, A., Yang, Y., Yang, Z., Yeung, S. K., Yilmaz, O., Yucel, M., Zogmaister, C., and Zultan, R.

Abstract

How can we maximize what is learned from a replication study? In the creative destruction approach to replication, the original hypothesis is compared not only to the null hypothesis, but also to predictions derived from multiple alternative theoretical accounts of the phenomenon. To this end, new populations and measures are included in the design in addition to the original ones, to help determine which theory best accounts for the results across multiple key outcomes and contexts. The present pre-registered empirical project compared the Implicit Puritanism account of intuitive work and sex morality to theories positing regional, religious, and social class differences; explicit rather than implicit cultural differences in values; self-expression vs. survival values as a key cultural fault line; the general moralization of work; and false positive effects. Contradicting Implicit Puritanism's core theoretical claim of a distinct American work morality, a number of targeted findings replicated across multiple comparison cultures, whereas several failed to replicate in all samples and were identified as likely false positives. No support emerged for theories predicting regional variability and specific individual-differences moderators (religious affiliation, religiosity, and education level). Overall, the results provide evidence that work is intuitively moralized across cultures., QC 20220927

Published
2021
Full Text
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3. A creative destruction approach to replication: Implicit work and sex morality across cultures

Author

Tierney, W, Hardy, J, Ebersole, C, Viganola, D, Clemente, E, Gordon, M, Hoogeveen, S, Haaf, J, Dreber, A, Johannesson, M, Pfeiffer, T, Huang, J, Vaughn, L, Demarree, K, Igou, E, Chapman, H, Gantman, A, Vanaman, M, Wylie, J, Storbeck, J, Andreychik, M, Mcphetres, J, Uhlmann, E, Zogmaister, C, Tierney, Warren, Hardy, Jay, Ebersole, Charles R., Viganola, Domenico, Clemente, Elena Giulia, Gordon, Michael, Hoogeveen, Suzanne, Haaf, Julia, Dreber, Anna, Johannesson, Magnus, Pfeiffer, Thomas, Huang, Jason L., Vaughn, Leigh Ann, DeMarree, Kenneth, Igou, Eric, Chapman, Hanah, Gantman, Ana, Vanaman, Matthew, Wylie, Jordan, Storbeck, Justin, Andreychik, Michael R., McPhetres, Jon, Uhlmann, Eric Luis, Zogmaister, Cristina, Tierney, W, Hardy, J, Ebersole, C, Viganola, D, Clemente, E, Gordon, M, Hoogeveen, S, Haaf, J, Dreber, A, Johannesson, M, Pfeiffer, T, Huang, J, Vaughn, L, Demarree, K, Igou, E, Chapman, H, Gantman, A, Vanaman, M, Wylie, J, Storbeck, J, Andreychik, M, Mcphetres, J, Uhlmann, E, Zogmaister, C, Tierney, Warren, Hardy, Jay, Ebersole, Charles R., Viganola, Domenico, Clemente, Elena Giulia, Gordon, Michael, Hoogeveen, Suzanne, Haaf, Julia, Dreber, Anna, Johannesson, Magnus, Pfeiffer, Thomas, Huang, Jason L., Vaughn, Leigh Ann, DeMarree, Kenneth, Igou, Eric, Chapman, Hanah, Gantman, Ana, Vanaman, Matthew, Wylie, Jordan, Storbeck, Justin, Andreychik, Michael R., McPhetres, Jon, Uhlmann, Eric Luis, and Zogmaister, Cristina

Abstract

How can we maximize what is learned from a replication study? In the creative destruction approach to replication, the original hypothesis is compared not only to the null hypothesis, but also to predictions derived from multiple alternative theoretical accounts of the phenomenon. To this end, new populations and measures are included in the design in addition to the original ones, to help determine which theory best accounts for the results across multiple key outcomes and contexts. The present pre-registered empirical project compared the Implicit Puritanism account of intuitive work and sex morality to theories positing regional, religious, and social class differences; explicit rather than implicit cultural differences in values; self-expression vs. survival values as a key cultural fault line; the general moralization of work; and false positive effects. Contradicting Implicit Puritanism's core theoretical claim of a distinct American work morality, a number of targeted findings replicated across multiple comparison cultures, whereas several failed to replicate in all samples and were identified as likely false positives. No support emerged for theories predicting regional variability and specific individual-differences moderators (religious affiliation, religiosity, and education level). Overall, the results provide evidence that work is intuitively moralized across cultures.

Published
2021

4. Anxiety and pain are linked to the patients’ information needs assessed by a question prompt list (QPL) – in the context of informed consent for spine surgery

Author

Fischbeck, S, Nesbigall, R, Haaf, J, Laubach, W, Petrowksi, K, Ringel, F, and Renovanz, M

Subjects
ddc: 610, 610 Medical sciences, Medicine
Abstract

Objective: We developed a spinal neurosurgical question prompt list (SN-QPL) and studied at the same time anxiety, pain and fulfillment of information needs in the context of the informed consent communication. Methods: Patients scheduled for elective spine surgery were prospectively recruited.[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 70. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC), Joint Meeting mit der Skandinavischen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie

Published
2019
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6. Information needs of patients in spinal neurosurgery: Validation of a question prompt list for informed consent in a prospective setting

Author

Haaf, J, Renovanz, M, Nesbigall, R, Laubach, W, Ringel, F, and Fischbeck, S

Subjects
ddc: 610, 610 Medical sciences, Medicine
Abstract

Objective: Informed consent is mandatory before surgery and a fundamental doctor-patient interaction. A question prompt list (QPL) is a structured list of questions designed to encourage patients to acquire important information during a medical consultation. The objective of this interdisciplinary [for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 69. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC), Joint Meeting mit der Mexikanischen und Kolumbianischen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie

Published
2018
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7. The neurosurgeons’ responsibility – anxiety of patients before and after informed consent for spine surgery. A prospective study

Author

Nesbigall, R, Renovanz, M, Haaf, J, Laubach, W, Ringel, F, and Fischbeck, S

Subjects
ddc: 610, 610 Medical sciences, Medicine, humanities
Abstract

Objective: Preoperative situation and informed consent discussion can generate anxiety. The aim of this study was to study mod and well-being development in context of the informed consent communication. We assessed anxiety, psychological health and pain before and after consent discussion and postoperatively[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 69. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC), Joint Meeting mit der Mexikanischen und Kolumbianischen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie

Published
2018
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9. Pharmacological meeting

Author

Engels, Ferdi, Nijkamp, Frans P., Raaijmakers, J. A. M., van Rozen, A. J., Vermuë, N. A., den Hertog, A., Jonkman, F. A. M., Man, P. W., Thoolen, M. J. M. C., van Zwieten, P. A., van Charldorp, K. J., de Jonge, A., Wilffert, B., Beckeringh, J. J., Doods, H. N., Korstanje, C., Langemeijer, J. J. M., de Wildt, D. J., Sangster, B., de Groot, G., Kleinbloesem, C. H., van Brummelen, P., Breimer, D. D., le Noble, L., Smits, J., Slaaf, D., Tangelder, G. -J., Boudier, H. Struyker, Nievelstein, H., Tyssen, C., Daemen, M., Thijssen, H., Vervoort-Peters, L., ten Haaf, J. A., Bijlsma, P., van Wimersma Greidanus, Tj B., Reul, J. M. H. M., de Kloet, E. R., Wolterink, Gerrit, van Ree, Jan M., Vrijmoed-de Vries, M. C., Cools, A. R., Ellenbroek, B., Schwarz, H., Sontag, K. H., Jongejan, H. T. M., Provoost, A. P., Wolff, E. D., Molenaar, J. C., Schenkelaars, E. -J., and Bonta, I. L.

Published
1984
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12. Tot hier en niet verder: De effectiviteit van AWARE in vergelijking met de 112+ aanpak van belaging

Author

Balogh, L., Haaf, J., Römkens, R., and INTERVICT

Abstract

Belaging is een vorm van huiselijk geweld die zich na de scheiding voortzet, juist als slachtoffers zich willen onttrekken aan het geweld. Het leidt vaak tot hernieuwd geweld en de daders laten zich moeilijk stoppen. Het risico op partnerdoding is in deze gevallen groot. De politie-interventies die dan nodig zijn ligRPRT op het snijvlak van justitieel optreden teRPRT daders en zorg voor de slachtoffers. In dit onderzoek is een vergelijking gemaakt van de effectiviteit van twe typen politie-interventies bij belaging die beiden een meer effectieve aanpak van de pleger en een betere ondersteuning van het slachtoffer beoRPRT. Enerzijds het AWARE-programma in het korps Rotterdam Rijnmond, waarbij het slachtoffer wordt uitgerust met een GPS-gestuurd alarmeringssysteem, anderzijds de speciaal geprotocolleerde 112+ interventie die in het korps Haaglanden is ontwikkeld voor interventies bij huiselijk ge

Published
2008

21. A prospective multicenter study of guanylyl cyclase C (GCC), quantified by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), as a prognostic marker of occult metastases in lymph nodes of pN0 colorectal cancer patients

Author

Waldman, S. A., primary, Hyslop, T., additional, Schulz, S., additional, Nielsen, K., additional, Haaf, J., additional, Bonaccorso, C., additional, Li, Y., additional, Barkun, A., additional, and Weinberg, D., additional

Published
2008
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24. Association of GUCY2C expression in lymph nodes with time to recurrence and disease-free survival in pN0 colorectal cancer.

Author

Waldman SA, Hyslop T, Schulz S, Barkun A, Nielsen K, Haaf J, Bonaccorso C, Li Y, Weinberg DS, Waldman, Scott A, Hyslop, Terry, Schulz, Stephanie, Barkun, Alan, Nielsen, Karl, Haaf, Janis, Bonaccorso, Christine, Li, Yanyan, and Weinberg, David S

Abstract

Context: The established relationship between lymph node metastasis and prognosis in colorectal cancer suggests that recurrence in 25% of patients with lymph nodes free of tumor cells by histopathology (pN0) reflects the presence of occult metastases. Guanylyl cyclase 2C (GUCY2C) is a marker expressed by colorectal tumors that could reveal occult metastases in lymph nodes and better estimate recurrence risk.Objective: To examine the association of occult lymph node metastases detected by quantifying GUCY2C messenger RNA, using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, with recurrence and survival in patients with colorectal cancer.Design, Setting, and Participants: Prospective study of 257 patients with pN0 colorectal cancer enrolled between March 2002 and June 2007 at 9 US and Canadian centers (7 academic medical centers and 2 community hospitals) provided 2570 fresh lymph nodes measuring 5 mm or larger for histopathology and GUCY2C messenger RNA analysis. Patients were followed up for a median of 24 months (range, 2-63 months) for disease recurrence or death.Main Outcome Measures: Time to recurrence (primary outcome) and disease-free survival (secondary outcome) relative to expression of GUCY2C in lymph nodes.Results: Thirty-two patients (12.5%) had lymph nodes negative for GUCY2C (pN0 [mol-]), and all but 2 remained free of disease during follow-up (recurrence rate, 6.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8%-20.8%). Conversely, 225 patients (87.5%) had lymph nodes positive for GUCY2C (pN0 [mol+]), and 47 developed recurrent disease (20.9%; 95% CI, 15.8%-26.8%) (P = .006). Multivariate analyses revealed that GUCY2C in lymph nodes was an independent marker of prognosis. Patients who were pN0 (mol+) exhibited earlier time to recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio, 4.66; 95% CI, 1.11-19.57; P = .04) and reduced disease-free survival (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.27; 95% CI, 1.15-9.29; P = .03).Conclusion: Expression of GUCY2C in histologically negative lymph nodes appears to be independently associated with time to recurrence and disease-free survival in patients with pN0 colorectal cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009
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25. Nutrition education for illiterate children in southern Madagascar--addressing their needs, perceptions and capabilities.

Author

Mahr J, Wuesterfeld M, ten Haaf J, Krawinkel MB, Mahr, Johanna, Wuestefeld, Marzella, Ten Haaf, Joep, and Krawinkel, Michael B

Abstract

Objective: A Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) study was conducted in three villages of Bekily District in southern Madagascar prior to the implementation of a health education programme with children. The participatory learning concept of the Child-to-Child approach was followed to involve the children in the planning and implementation of the programme, which was covered by the German Agency for Technical Cooperation.Design: To this effect, qualitative research methods such as Participatory Learning and Action techniques (focus group discussions, mapping and matrix ranking, etc.) were applied.Subjects: The survey was conducted between August and December 1999. It involved a total of 55 school-aged children (6-14 years) along with 21 mothers and 34 fathers, representing different ethnic groups and educational backgrounds.Results: The results show that children's KAP related to health and nutrition strongly reflect those of adults. They are not aware of a possible link between bad hygiene and the occurrence of diseases. According to them, diarrhoea or malaria is caused by consuming too large amounts of certain foods. Even if they know about certain elementary hygiene behaviours, they do not practise this in their everyday life.Conclusion: A major objective of the health education programme for children should be to tackle the discrepancy between hygiene-related knowledge and behaviour. Through the participatory study approach the children revealed their ability to contribute to the programme development. In using appropriate communication channels, the Child-to-Child health education programme is expected to influence the health behaviours of both adults and children. The health education programme should be combined with a literacy programme to address the children's desire to learn reading and writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005
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26. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator modulators in cystic fibrosis: current perspectives

Author

Schmidt BZ, Haaf JB, Leal T, and Noel S

Subjects
CFTR, cystic fibrosis, high-throughput screening, drug repositioning, personalized medicine, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Béla Z Schmidt,1 Jérémy B Haaf,2 Teresinha Leal,2 Sabrina Noel,2 1Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, 2Louvain Center for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium Abstract: Mutations of the CFTR gene cause cystic fibrosis (CF), the most common recessive monogenic disease worldwide. These mutations alter the synthesis, processing, function, or half-life of CFTR, the main chloride channel expressed in the apical membrane of epithelial cells in the airway, intestine, pancreas, and reproductive tract. Lung disease is the most critical manifestation of CF. It is characterized by airway obstruction, infection, and inflammation that lead to fatal tissue destruction. In spite of great advances in early and multidisciplinary medical care, and in our understanding of the pathophysiology, CF is still considerably reducing the life expectancy of patients. This review highlights the current development in pharmacological modulators of CFTR, which aim at rescuing the expression and/or function of mutated CFTR. While only Kalydeco® and Orkambi® are currently available to patients, many other families of CFTR modulators are undergoing preclinical and clinical investigations. Drug repositioning and personalized medicine are particularly detailed in this review as they represent the most promising strategies for restoring CFTR function in CF. Keywords: high-throughput screening, drug repositioning, personalized medicine, precision medicine, potentiators, correctors

Published
2016

34. A creative destruction approach to replication: Implicit work and sex morality across cultures

Author

Tierney, Warren, Hardy, Jay, Ebersole, Charles R., Viganola, Domenico, Clemente, Elena Giulia, Gordon, Michael, Hoogeveen, Suzanne, Haaf, Julia, Dreber, Anna, Johannesson, Magnus, Pfeiffer, Thomas, Huang, Jason L., Vaughn, Leigh Ann, DeMarree, Kenneth, Igou, Eric R., Chapman, Hanah, Gantman, Ana, Vanaman, Matthew, Wylie, Jordan, Storbeck, Justin, Andreychik, Michael R., McPhetres, Jon, Uhlmann, Eric Luis, Abraham, Ajay T., Adamkovic, Matus, Adam-Troian, Jais, Agadullina, Elena, Akkas, Handan, Amir, Dorsa, Anne, Michele, Arbeau, Kelly J., Arnestad, Mads N., Aruta, John Jamir Benzon, Ashraf, Mujeeba, Azar, Ofer H., Baker, Bradley J., Baník, Gabriel, Barbosa, Sergio, Mendes, Ana Barbosa, Baskin, Ernest, Bauman, Christopher W., Bavolar, Jozef, Beckman, Stephanie E., Bendixen, Theiss, Benjamin, Aaron S., Berkers, Ruud M.W.J., Bhattacharjee, Amit, Columbus, Simon, Huang, Qian, Mori, Yuki, Tierney, W, Hardy, J, Ebersole, C, Viganola, D, Clemente, E, Gordon, M, Hoogeveen, S, Haaf, J, Dreber, A, Johannesson, M, Pfeiffer, T, Huang, J, Vaughn, L, Demarree, K, Igou, E, Chapman, H, Gantman, A, Vanaman, M, Wylie, J, Storbeck, J, Andreychik, M, Mcphetres, J, Uhlmann, E, Zogmaister, C, Sociale Psychologie (Psychologie, FMG), Psychologische Methodenleer (Psychologie, FMG), Psychometrics and Statistics, INSEAD, PhD ESPhil, Department of Marketing Management, Law and Economics, Business Economics, Anesthesiology, Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Language, Network Institute, Oral Cell Biology, Language and Communication, Political Science and Public Administration, Social Psychology, Clinical Neuropsychology, Organization Sciences, Organization & Processes of Organizing in Society (OPOS), Econometrics and Operations Research, Water and Climate Risk, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Biophotonics and Medical Imaging, Motor learning & Performance, AMS - Sports, Clinical Psychology, Physics of Living Systems, IBBA, Earth and Climate, Spatial Economics, Neuromechanics, University of St Andrews. School of Economics and Finance, University at Buffalo [SUNY] (SUNY Buffalo), and State University of New York (SUNY)

Subjects
HD, Theory testing, BF Psychology, Sociology and Political Science, Social Psychology, Work values, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], media_common.quotation_subject, Culture, NDAS, Implicit social cognition, BF, Replication, 050109 social psychology, psychology, HM, Social class, 050105 experimental psychology, HT, Religiosity, RA0421, Cultural diversity, False positive paradox, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Falsification, media_common, M-PSI/05 - PSICOLOGIA SOCIALE, 05 social sciences, morality, M-PSI/06 - PSICOLOGIA DEL LAVORO E DELLE ORGANIZZAZIONI, Morality, Work value, M-PSI/03 - PSICOMETRIA, Priming, Multiple comparisons problem, H1, HD28, Psychology, Null hypothesis, Priming (psychology), Social psychology
Abstract

Eric Luis Uhlmann is grateful for an R&D grant from INSEAD in support of this research. Anna Dreber is grateful for generous financial support from the Jan Wallander and Tom Hedelius Foundation (Svenska Handelsbankens Forskningsstiftelser), the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation and the Marianne and Marcus Wallenberg Foundation (Anna Dreber is a Wallenberg Scholar), and Anna Dreber and Magnus Johannesson are grateful for a grant from the Swedish Foundation for Humanities and Social Sciences. How can we maximize what is learned from a replication study? In the creative destruction approach to replication, the original hypothesis is compared not only to the null hypothesis, but also to predictions derived from multiple alternative theoretical accounts of the phenomenon. To this end, new populations and measures are included in the design in addition to the original ones, to help determine which theory best accounts for the results across multiple key outcomes and contexts. The present pre-registered empirical project compared the Implicit Puritanism account of intuitive work and sex morality to theories positing regional, religious, and social class differences; explicit rather than implicit cultural differences in values; self-expression vs. survival values as a key cultural fault line; the general moralization of work; and false positive effects. Contradicting Implicit Puritanism's core theoretical claim of a distinct American work morality, a number of targeted findings replicated across multiple comparison cultures, whereas several failed to replicate in all samples and were identified as likely false positives. No support emerged for theories predicting regional variability and specific individual-differences moderators (religious affiliation, religiosity, and education level). Overall, the results provide evidence that work is intuitively moralized across cultures. Publisher PDF

Published
2020

35. Most quantifiers have many meanings.

Author

Ramotowska S, Haaf J, Van Maanen L, and Szymanik J

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate, by means of a computational model, how individuals map quantifiers onto numbers and how they order quantifiers on a mental line. We selected five English quantifiers (few, fewer than half, many, more than half, and most) which differ in truth conditions and vagueness. We collected binary truth value judgment data in an online quantifier verification experiment. Using a Bayesian three-parameter logistic regression model, we separated three sources of individual differences: truth condition, vagueness, and response error. Clustering on one of the model's parameter that corresponds to truth conditions revealed four subgroups of participants with different quantifier-to-number mappings and different ranges of the mental line of quantifiers. Our findings suggest multiple sources of individual differences in semantic representations of quantifiers and support a conceptual distinction between different types of imprecision in quantifier meanings. We discuss the consequence of our findings for the main theoretical approaches to quantifiers: the bivalent truth-conditional approach and the fuzzy logic approach. We argue that the former approach neither can explain inter-individual differences nor intra-individual differences in truth conditions of vague quantifiers. The latter approach requires further specification to fully account for individual differences demonstrated in this study., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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36. Same stimulus, same temporal context, different percept? Individual differences in hysteresis and adaptation when perceiving multistable dot lattices.

Author

Van Geert E, Moors P, Haaf J, and Wagemans J

Abstract

How we perceptually organize a visual stimulus depends not only on the stimulus itself, but also on the temporal and spatial context in which the stimulus is presented and on the individual processing the stimulus and context. Earlier research found both attractive and repulsive context effects in perception: tendencies to organize visual input similarly to preceding context stimuli (i.e., hysteresis, attraction) co-exist with tendencies that repel the current percept from the organization that is most dominant in these contextual stimuli (i.e., adaptation, repulsion). These processes have been studied mostly on a group level (e.g., Schwiedrzik et al., 2014). Using a Bayesian hierarchical model comparison approach, the present study ( N = 75) investigated whether consistent individual differences exist in these attractive and repulsive temporal context effects, with multistable dot lattices as stimuli. In addition, the temporal stability of these individual differences in context effects was investigated, and it was studied how the strength of these effects related to the strength of individual biases for absolute orientations. The results demonstrate that large individual differences in the size of attractive and repulsive context effects exist. Furthermore, these individual differences are highly consistent across timepoints (one to two weeks apart). Although almost everyone showed both effects in the expected direction, not every single individual did. In sum, the study reveals differences in how individuals combine previous input and experience with current input in their perception, and more generally, this teaches us that different individuals can perceive identical stimuli differently, even within a similar context., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interests: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2022.)

Published
2022
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37. A topological refactoring design strategy yields highly stable granulopoietic proteins.

Author

Skokowa J, Hernandez Alvarez B, Coles M, Ritter M, Nasri M, Haaf J, Aghaallaei N, Xu Y, Mir P, Krahl AC, Rogers KW, Maksymenko K, Bajoghli B, Welte K, Lupas AN, Müller P, and ElGamacy M

Subjects
Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Humans, Neutrophils, Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor genetics, Hematopoiesis
Abstract

Protein therapeutics frequently face major challenges, including complicated production, instability, poor solubility, and aggregation. De novo protein design can readily address these challenges. Here, we demonstrate the utility of a topological refactoring strategy to design novel granulopoietic proteins starting from the granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) structure. We change a protein fold by rearranging the sequence and optimising it towards the new fold. Testing four designs, we obtain two that possess nanomolar activity, the most active of which is highly thermostable and protease-resistant, and matches its designed structure to atomic accuracy. While the designs possess starkly different sequence and structure from the native G-CSF, they show specific activity in differentiating primary human haematopoietic stem cells into mature neutrophils. The designs also show significant and specific activity in vivo. Our topological refactoring approach is largely independent of sequence or structural context, and is therefore applicable to a wide range of protein targets., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Published
2022
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38. Anxiety is associated with unfulfilled information needs and pain at the informed consent consultation of spine surgery patients: a longitudinal study.

Author

Fischbeck S, Petrowski K, Renovanz M, Nesbigall R, Haaf J, and Ringel F

Subjects
Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Pain, Referral and Consultation, Surveys and Questionnaires, Anxiety etiology, Informed Consent
Abstract

Purpose: Meeting the information needs of patients adequately is of high importance in informed consent consultations in surgery. However, information needs often remain unmet in the informed consent consultation. The aim of this study was to assess anxiety and pain in relation to the patients' information needs fulfillment perioperatively., Methods: We applied a question prompt list (QPL) for patients undergoing spine surgery (SN-QPL) before (t1) and a question answering list (SN-QAL) after (t2) the informed consent consultation. The patients additionally completed the "State-Trait Anxiety Operation Inventory" (STOA, cognitive and affective scale) at t1, as well as a pain numerical rating scale (NRS) at t2 and postoperative (t3). We analyzed (1) the association between anxiety, information needs and pain and (2) anxiety and pain scores regarding information needs fulfillment after the consent consultation., Results: A total of n = 118 patients was included. Affective and cognitive state anxiety was only reduced postoperatively (affective p < .001, cognitive p < .05). The higher trait anxiety was, the more patients longed for information at t1-t3 (t1: r = .58/r = .74, each p < .001), (t2: r = .38/r = .49, each p < .001) and (t3: r = .29, p < .01/r = 34, p < .001). Higher grades of trait anxiety resulted in lower information needs fulfilment. Higher state anxiety levels were associated with higher pain levels. Information needs more often remained unfulfilled in high trait and state anxiety patients., Conclusion: Patients' anxiety was associated with (un)fulfilled information needs. Meeting information needs should be optimized in the process of surgeon-patient communication. Adapting the information to the patients' anxiety levels seem to be an effective way to reduce anxiety., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

Published
2021
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39. Hot topics in interventional cardiology: Proceedings from the society for cardiovascular angiography and interventions 2020 think tank.

Author

Naidu SS, Coylewright M, Hawkins BM, Meraj P, Morray BH, Devireddy C, Ing F, Klein AJ, Seto AH, Grines CL, Henry TD, Rao SV, Duffy PL, Amin Z, Aronow HD, Box LC, Caputo RP, Cigarroa JE, Cox DA, Daniels MJ, Elmariah S, Fagan TE, Feldman DN, Forbes TJ, Hermiller JB, Herrmann HC, Hijazi ZM, Jeremias A, Kavinsky CJ, Latif F, Parikh SA, Reilly J, Rosenfield K, Swaminathan RV, Szerlip M, Yakubov SJ, Zahn EM, Mahmud E, Bhavsar SS, Blumenthal T, Boutin E, Camp CA, Cromer AE, Dineen D, Dunham D, Emanuele S, Ferguson R, Govender D, Haaf J, Hite D, Hughes T, Laschinger J, Leigh SM, Lombardi L, McCoy P, McLean F, Meikle J, Nicolosi M, O'Brien J, Palmer RJ, Patarca R, Pierce V, Polk B, Prince B, Rangwala N, Roman D, Ryder K, Tolve MH, Vang E, Venditto J, Verderber P, Watson N, White S, and Williams DM

Subjects
Diffusion of Innovation, Heart Diseases physiopathology, Humans, Cardiac Catheterization trends, Cardiology trends, Coronary Angiography trends, Heart Diseases diagnostic imaging, Heart Diseases therapy, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention trends
Abstract

The society for cardiovascular angiography and interventions (SCAI) think tank is a collaborative venture that brings together interventional cardiologists, administrative partners, and select members of the cardiovascular industry community for high-level field-wide discussions. The 2020 think tank was organized into four parallel sessions reflective of the field of interventional cardiology: (a) coronary intervention, (b) endovascular medicine, (c) structural heart disease, and (d) congenital heart disease (CHD). Each session was moderated by a senior content expert and co-moderated by a member of SCAI's emerging leader mentorship program. This document presents the proceedings to the wider cardiovascular community in order to enhance participation in this discussion, create additional dialogue from a broader base, and thereby aid SCAI and the industry community in developing specific action items to move these areas forward., (© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Published
2020
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40. Information needs of patients in spine surgery: development of a question prompt list to guide informed consent consultations.

Author

Renovanz M, Haaf J, Nesbigall R, Gutenberg A, Laubach W, Ringel F, and Fischbeck S

Subjects
Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Needs Assessment, Neurosurgical Procedures legislation & jurisprudence, Neurosurgical Procedures psychology, Patient Education as Topic standards, Referral and Consultation standards, Informed Consent standards, Neurosurgical Procedures standards, Patient Education as Topic methods, Spine surgery, Surveys and Questionnaires standards
Abstract

Background Context: Informed consent is mandatory before surgery and fundamental in the physician-patient interaction. However, communication is sometimes suboptimal., Purpose: The objective was to develop a question prompt list (QPL) for patients undergoing spine surgery (spinal neurosurgery-QPL, "SN-QPL") to encourage them to acquire information during the informed consent consultation (ICC) and assess patients' information needs., Study Design/setting: We conducted a prospective uncontrolled single center study in order to develop a QPL for patients undergoing spine surgery., Patient Sample: Patients inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) planned spinal surgery, (2) age 18 to 80 years, (3) legal capacity, (4) ability to understand and respond to questionnaires, and (5) informed consent., Outcome Measures: We applied the following self-report measures: the developed preliminary QPL with regard to surgery topics and assessment of patients' information needs., Methods: First, we performed a literature review, patient interviews, and two expert rounds. Subsequently, we validated a preliminary SN-QPL including 37 items before and after ICC with regard to importance of items and fulfillment of information needs in 118 patients. A principal component analysis followed by varimax rotation revealed the final SN-QPL., Results: For the final version of the SN-QPL, 27 items with following four reliable subscales were derived with satisfactory internal consistency: (1) scale SN-QPL-C, "complications and possible postoperative deficits" (n  =  8 items, Cronbach α = 0.88); (2) scale SN-QPL-P, "prognosis and follow-up" (n = 8 items, Cronbach α = 0.86); (3) scale SN-QPL-I, "preoperative inpatient stay and organizational issues" (n = 5 items, Cronbach α = 0.75); and (4) scale SN-QPL-S: "safety of the surgical procedure" (with n = 6 items, Cronbach α = 0.84). The most unmet information needs were found in SN-QPL-P. The item with the greatest unmet information needs was "How much professional experience does my surgeon have?", Conclusions: Our SN-QPL was well-accepted and perceived as helpful by patients awaiting spinal surgeries. It seems to address meaningful items and questions. It could therefore be useful in optimizing pre- and postoperative satisfaction. Further, our study identified many unaddressed questions warranting communication interventions., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2019
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41. Implementation of an emergency department atrial fibrillation and flutter pathway improves rates of appropriate anticoagulation, reduces length of stay and thirty-day revisit rates for congestive heart failure.

Author

Barbic D, DeWitt C, Harris D, Stenstrom R, Grafstein E, Wu C, Vadeanu C, Heilbron B, Haaf J, Tung S, Kalla D, Marsden J, Christenson J, and Scheuermeyer F

Subjects
Aged, Atrial Fibrillation complications, Atrial Flutter complications, British Columbia epidemiology, Female, Heart Failure etiology, Humans, Incidence, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Anticoagulants therapeutic use, Atrial Fibrillation drug therapy, Atrial Flutter drug therapy, Emergency Service, Hospital statistics & numerical data, Heart Failure epidemiology, Length of Stay trends, Patient Readmission trends, Stroke prevention & control
Abstract

Objectives: An evidence-based emergency department (ED) atrial fibrillation and flutter (AFF) pathway was developed to improve care. The primary objective was to measure rates of new anticoagulation (AC) on ED discharge for AFF patients who were not AC correctly upon presentation., Methods: This is a pre-post evaluation from April to December 2013 measuring the impact of our pathway on rates of new AC and other performance measures in patients with uncomplicated AFF solely managed by emergency physicians. A standardized chart review identified demographics, comorbidities, and ED treatments. The primary outcome was the rate of new AC. Secondary outcomes were ED length of stay (LOS), referrals to AFF clinic, ED revisit rates, and 30-day rates of return visits for congestive heart failure (CHF), stroke, major bleeding, and death., Results: ED AFF patients totalling 301 (129 pre-pathway [PRE]; 172 post-pathway [POST]) were included; baseline demographics were similar between groups. The rates of AC at ED presentation were 18.6% (PRE) and 19.7% (POST). The rates of new AC on ED discharge were 48.6 % PRE (95% confidence interval [CI] 42.1%-55.1%) and 70.2% POST (62.1%-78.3%) (20.6% [p<0.01; 15.1-26.3]). Median ED LOS decreased from 262 to 218 minutes (44 minutes [p<0.03; 36.2-51.8]). Thirty-day rates of ED revisits for CHF decreased from 13.2% to 2.3% (10.9%; p<0.01; 8.1%-13.7%), and rates of other measures were similar., Conclusions: The evidence-based pathway led to an improvement in the rate of patients with new AC upon discharge, a reduction in ED LOS, and decreased revisit rates for CHF.

Published
2018
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42. Exploring Possibilities for Transforming Established Subscription-based Scientific Journals into Open Access Journals. Present Situation, Transformation Criteria, and Exemplary Implementation within Trans-O-MIM.

Author

Haux R, Kuballa S, Schulze M, Böhm C, Gefeller O, Haaf J, Henning P, Mielke C, Niggemann F, Schürg A, and Bergemann D

Subjects
Models, Theoretical, Access to Information, Medical Informatics, Periodicals as Topic, Science
Abstract

Background: Based on today's information and communication technologies the open access paradigm has become an important approach for adequately communicating new scientific knowledge., Objectives: Summarizing the present situation for journal transformation. Presenting criteria for adequate transformation as well as a specific approach for it. Describing our exemplary implementation of such a journal transformation., Methods: Studying the respective literature as well as discussing this topic in various discussion groups and meetings (primarily of editors and publishers, but also of authors and readers), with long term experience as editors and /or publishers of scientific publications as prerequisite., Results: There is a clear will, particularly of political and funding organizations, towards open access publishing. In spite of this, there is still a large amount of scientific knowledge, being communicated through subscription-based journals. For successfully transforming such journals into open access, sixteen criteria for a goal-oriented, stepwise, sustainable, and fair transformation are suggested. The Tandem Model as transformation approach is introduced. Our exemplary implementation is done in the Trans-O-MIM project. It is exploring strategies, models and evaluation metrics for journal transformation. As instance the journal Methods of Information in Medicine will apply the Tandem Model from 2017 onwards., Conclusions: Within Trans-O-MIM we will reach at least nine of the sixteen criteria for adequate transformation. It was positive to implement Trans-O-MIM as international research project. After first steps for transforming Methods have successfully been made, challenges will remain, among others, in identifying appropriate incentives for open access publishing in order to support its transformation.

Published
2016
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43. Subliminal evaluative conditioning? Above-chance CS identification may be necessary and insufficient for attitude learning.

Author

Stahl C, Haaf J, and Corneille O

Subjects
Adult, Attention, Female, Humans, Learning, Male, Students, Time Factors, Young Adult, Attitude, Awareness, Conditioning, Psychological physiology, Subliminal Stimulation
Abstract

Previous research has claimed that evaluative conditioning (EC) effects may obtain in the absence of perceptual identification of conditioned stimuli (CSs). A recent meta-analysis suggested similar effect sizes for supra- and subliminal CSs, but this was based on a small body of evidence (k = 8 studies; Hofmann, De Houwer, Perugini, Baeyens, & Crombez, 2010). We critically discuss this prior evidence, and then report and discuss 6 experimental studies that investigate EC effects for briefly presented CSs using more stringent methods. Across these studies, we varied CS duration, the presence or absence of masking, the presence or absence of a CS identification check, CS material, and the instructions communicated to participants. EC effects for longer-duration CSs were modulated by attention to the CS-US pairing. Across studies, we were consistently unable to obtain EC for briefly presented CSs. In most studies, this pattern was observed despite above-chance perceptual identification of the CSs. A meta-analysis conducted across the 27 experimental conditions supported the null hypothesis of no EC for perceptually unidentified CSs. We conclude that EC effects for briefly presented and masked CSs are either not robust, are very small, or are limited to specific conditions that remain to be identified (or any combination of these). (PsycINFO Database Record, ((c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).)

Published
2016
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44. Social cognition in borderline personality disorder: evidence for dichotomous thinking but no evidence for less complex attributions.

Author

Arntz A and ten Haaf J

Subjects
Adult, Case-Control Studies, Emotions, Female, Humans, Male, Psychological Theory, Borderline Personality Disorder psychology, Cognition, Social Perception, Thinking
Abstract

This experiment investigated social cognition in borderline personality disorder (BPD). We tested whether BPD-patients' evaluations of others were characterized by splitting, dichotomous thinking, or negativity; and whether they showed less complex understanding of others. Participants discussed a problem with three alleged mental health worker trainees, performing three interpersonal roles (rejecting, accepting and neutral). Participants evaluated trainees in a structured response format and in a semi-structured interview. BPD-patients (n = 18) were compared to Cluster-C personality disorder patients (n = 18) and nonpatients (n = 18). From visual analog scales with opposite trait descriptions (structured response format) negativity, dichotomous thinking, and splitting scores were derived. The interviews were scored by an independent rater on affect tone, differentiation, and complexity of attributions. BPD-patients showed, in all conditions, and in both response formats, more dichotomous thinking than control groups. Evidence for splitting as specific BPD-characteristic was not convincing, and more negativity in BPD was only found with the rejecting role and structured responses. The interview-based evaluations by BPD-patients could not be discriminated from nonpatients in cognitive complexity. Results indicate that dichotomous thinking, and not so much splitting, negativity, or less complexity, is central in the interpretation of others by BPD-patients. Treatment might address dichotomous thinking to reduce BPD-patients' interpersonal problems., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2012
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45. Nightmares and oxygen desaturations: is sleep apnea related to heightened nightmare frequency?

Author

Schredl M, Schmitt J, Hein G, Schmoll T, Eller S, and Haaf J

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure, Dreams drug effects, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Recall physiology, Middle Aged, Nocturnal Myoclonus Syndrome physiopathology, Nocturnal Myoclonus Syndrome psychology, Polysomnography drug effects, Psychotropic Drugs adverse effects, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive therapy, Sleep, REM physiology, Statistics as Topic, Dreams physiology, Oxygen blood, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive physiopathology
Abstract

In the 19th century, several authors held the view that nightmares are caused by oxygen shortage. The present study was designed to study nightmare frequency in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and its relationship to respiratory parameters. A brief questionnaire was administered to 323 patients with sleep apnea syndrome before their first laboratory night. The reduction in nightmare frequency in the sleep apnea group was explained by the reduced dream recall frequency. Despite some illustrative examples of a correlation between oxygen desaturation and dream content, the respiratory parameters as measures of sleep apnea syndrome severity did not correlate substantially with nightmare frequency. Psychiatric comorbidity and an intake of psychotropic medication were associated with heightened nightmare frequency in this sample. It must be concluded that the oxygen hypothesis did not play a major role in explaining the occurrence of nightmares. As this might be partly explained by adaptation to the nightly desaturation periods, it will be fruitful to apply experimental procedures that interrupt airflow during (rapid eye movement) REM sleep for short periods in a systematic way without the knowledge of the sleeper and to then study their effects on dream content. Some patients reported a correlation between daytime stressors and nightmares, which is in line with modern etiological models of nightmares.

Published
2006
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46. A validated quantitative assay to detect occult micrometastases by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction of guanylyl cyclase C in patients with colorectal cancer.

Author

Schulz S, Hyslop T, Haaf J, Bonaccorso C, Nielsen K, Witek ME, Birbe R, Palazzo J, Weinberg D, and Waldman SA

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Calibration, Colorectal Neoplasms genetics, Female, Humans, Lymphatic Metastasis genetics, Male, Middle Aged, RNA, Complementary genetics, RNA, Messenger genetics, Receptors, Enterotoxin, Receptors, Guanylate Cyclase-Coupled, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Colorectal Neoplasms diagnosis, Colorectal Neoplasms enzymology, Gene Expression Profiling, Guanylate Cyclase genetics, Lymphatic Metastasis diagnosis, Receptors, Peptide genetics, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction methods
Abstract

Purpose: Guanylyl cyclase C (GCC), a receptor for bacterial diarrheagenic enterotoxins, may be a prognostic and predictive marker to detect occult micrometastases in patients undergoing staging for colorectal cancer. However, quantification of GCC expression in tissues by the quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) has not undergone analytic and clinicopathologic validation., Experimental Design: A technique to quantify GCC mRNA in tissues employing RT-PCR was developed and validated employing external calibration standards of RNA complementary to GCC., Results: GCC qRT-PCR exhibited reaction efficiencies >92%, coefficients of variations <5%, linearity >6 orders of magnitude, and a limit of quantification of >25 copies of GCC cRNA. This assay confirmed that GCC mRNA was overexpressed by colorectal tumors from 41 patients, which correlated with increased GCC protein quantified by immunohistochemistry. Analyses obtained with 164 lymph nodes from patients free of cancer and 15 nodes harboring metastases established a threshold for metastatic disease of approximately 200 GCC mRNA copies/mug total RNA, with a sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 97%. GCC mRNA above that threshold was detected in 76 of 367 (approximately 21%) nodes free of disease by histopathology from 6 of 23 (26%) patients, suggesting the presence of occult micrometastases., Conclusions: Quantifying GCC mRNA in tissues by RT-PCR employing external calibration standards is analytically robust and reproducible, with high clinicopathologic sensitivity and specificity. This validated assay is being applied to approximately 10,000 lymph nodes in a prospective trial to define the sensitivity of GCC qRT-PCR for staging patients with colorectal cancer.

Published
2006
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47. Ectopic expression of guanylyl cyclase C in adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and stomach.

Author

Park J, Schulz S, Haaf J, Kairys JC, and Waldman SA

Subjects
Adenocarcinoma pathology, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Esophageal Neoplasms pathology, Female, Guanylate Cyclase genetics, Humans, Lymphatic Metastasis, Male, Middle Aged, Polymerase Chain Reaction, RNA, Messenger analysis, RNA, Messenger biosynthesis, Receptors, Enterotoxin, Receptors, Guanylate Cyclase-Coupled, Receptors, Peptide genetics, Sensitivity and Specificity, Stomach Neoplasms pathology, Adenocarcinoma genetics, Biomarkers, Tumor analysis, Esophageal Neoplasms genetics, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Guanylate Cyclase biosynthesis, Neoplasm Metastasis, Receptors, Peptide biosynthesis, Stomach Neoplasms genetics
Abstract

Guanylyl cyclase C (GC-C), a receptor specifically expressed in cells originating from differentiated intestinal epithelium, is a marker and therapeutic target for colorectal cancer metastases. Intestinal metaplasia, in which epithelial cells assume histological and molecular characteristics of differentiated intestinal enterocytes, is a common precursor to adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and stomach. Thus, those tumors, tissues adjacent to them, and their associated regional lymph nodes were assessed for GC-C expression by reverse transcription coupled with the PCR. GC-C mRNA was detected in five of five and eight of nine esophageal and gastric adenocarcinomas, respectively. Also, GC-C mRNA was detected in three of five and six of seven tissues adjacent to, but not histologically involved in, esophageal and gastric adenocarcinomas, respectively, reflecting molecular changes associated with neoplastic transformation preceding histopathological changes. In contrast, three normal gastric specimens did not express GC-C. Furthermore, GC-C mRNA was detected in 1 of 1 lymph node containing tumor cells by histopathology from a patient with gastric adenocarcinoma and in 3 of 11 lymph nodes, all of which were free of tumor cells by histopathology, from a patient with a gastroesophageal junction tumor. This is the first demonstration that GC-C is ectopically expressed by primary and metastatic adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and stomach and suggests that GC-C may be a sensitive and specific clinical marker and target for adenocarcinomas of the upper gastrointestinal tract.

Published
2002

48. Changes in plasma vasopressin concentration and plasma osmolality in relation to age and time of day in the male Wistar rat.

Author

Terwel D, ten Haaf JA, Markerink M, and Jolles J

Subjects
Animals, Male, Osmolar Concentration, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Aging blood, Arginine Vasopressin blood, Circadian Rhythm
Abstract

The influence of age on several parameters related to water balance was studied in Wistar rats. Plasma AVP concentration and plasma osmolality were increased at midday in 21-month-old rats as compared with 3- and 4-month-old rats. Daily water intake per 100 g body weight was reduced in 14- and 21-month-old rats as compared with 3- and 4-month-old rats, but total water intake was unaltered. These results suggest that there is a change in water balance in Wistar rats with age. In order to obtain information about the influence of age on daily fluctuations in plasma AVP concentration and osmolality these parameters were determined in 4-month-old Wistar rats sacrificed at 2 h intervals during the day and in 20- and 31-month-old rats sacrificed at 8 h intervals. Plasma AVP concentrations were low during the light period and high during the dark period in 4-month-old rats. The relationship between plasma osmolality and plasma AVP concentration was dependent on the time of day in 4-month-old-rats. Plasma AVP concentrations were higher at 16.00 than at 08.00 and 24.00 in 20-month-old rats, and higher at 24.00 than at 08.00 and 16.00 in 31-month-old rats. In contrast to the plasma AVP concentration during the light period, the average daily AVP concentration (average of plasma AVP concentrations at 08.00, 16.00 and 24.00) was increased in 31-month-old rats only. The relationship between plasma osmolality and plasma AVP concentration was not age-related.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Published
1992
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49. Ocular Capnocytophaga infection in an edentulous, immunocompetent host.

Author

Ormerod LD, Foster CS, Paton BG, Haaf J, and Baker AS

Subjects
Aged, Capnocytophaga isolation & purification, Dentition, Eye Enucleation, Female, Humans, Keratitis microbiology, Keratitis surgery, Bacterial Infections, Immune Tolerance, Keratitis etiology
Abstract

Severe microbial keratitis developed in a 74-year-old women receiving long-term corticosteroids. Corneal smears revealed slender, fusiform gram-negative bacilli, but the lesion continued to worsen despite intensive antibiotic treatment. After several days, Capnocytophaga sputigena was identified on culture. Specific antimicrobial therapy was instituted, supplemented with corneal cryotherapy. There was gradual clinical improvement. However, a sterile corneal melt led to the late loss of the eye. Although Capnocytophaga are gingival organisms and usually implicated as opportunists in severely ill, neutropenic patients with oral ulcerations, our patient was edentulous and without systemic immunosuppression. An increased awareness of Capnocytophaga is justified because of their widespread antibiotic resistance, capnophilic cultural requirements, and unusual microscopic and cultural morphology.

Published
1988

50. Factors influencing predilection and outcome in bacterial keratitis.

Author

Gudmundsson OG, Ormerod LD, Kenyon KR, Glynn RJ, Baker AS, Haaf J, Lubars S, Abelson MB, Boruchoff SA, and Foster CS

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Child, Child, Preschool, Cornea microbiology, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, New England, Prognosis, Sex Factors, Visual Acuity, Bacterial Infections, Keratitis etiology
Abstract

Complete records from 175 patients with 176 episodes of culture-proven bacterial keratitis treated over a 4-year period at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary in Boston were analyzed. Sixty-three percent of the infections involved gram-positive organisms, and 40% involved gram-negative organisms; 15% were polymicrobial. There was a high incidence of infection with Staphylococcus aureus (28%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (14%), diphtheroids (14%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14%), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (12%). Gram stain correlation was achieved in 55%. Potential predisposing factors, usually multiple, were identified in 97% of the patients. Fifty percent of the ulcers were associated with such iatrogenic factors as prior topical corticosteroid therapy, penetrating keratoplasty, and contact lens use. Trauma occurred in only 16%. Several statistically significant associations of epidemiologic factors and outcome variables were revealed. Ninety-five percent of the ulcers resolved with therapy, but only 44% of the patients had visual acuity better than the level at admission, and 13% developed major complications.

Published
1989

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