1,930 results on '"HYBRIDE"'
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2. Vertrauenswürdige KI – eine paradoxale Angelegenheit
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Slembrouck, Stefan E., Schork, Sabrina, editor, Hofmann, Rainer, With Contrib. by, Rötzel, Peter, With Contrib. by, Langemeyer, Ines, With Contrib. by, Schmitt, Franz-Josef, With Contrib. by, Glinz, Daniel, With Contrib. by, Mesenhöller, Janne, With Contrib. by, Gür-Seker, Derya, With Contrib. by, Weitz, Katharina, With Contrib. by, Schrumpf, Johannes, With Contrib. by, Schleiß, Johannes, With Contrib. by, Baeva, Gergana, With Contrib. by, Paaßen, Benjamin, With Contrib. by, Strotherm, Janine, With Contrib. by, Böhme, Katrin, With Contrib. by, Madsen, Anders, With Contrib. by, Gröpler, Johanna, With Contrib. by, and Mundorf, Magret, With Contrib. by
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- 2024
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3. Sehnsucht und Konsum. Bone Costumes und Bonebots – Mischwesen aus Tierknochen als Verkleidung, Monster und Hybride
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Wenzel, Käthe, Borgards, Roland, Series Editor, Fenske, Michaela, Advisory Editor, Nessel, Sabine, Advisory Editor, Rieger, Stefan, Advisory Editor, Roscher, Mieke, Advisory Editor, Ullrich, Jessica, Advisory Editor, Ullrich, Martin, Advisory Editor, and Wild, Markus, Advisory Editor
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- 2024
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4. New Approach to Interconnect Hybride Blockchains
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Amine, Hajji Mohammed, Soumia, Ziti, Kharmoum, Nassim, Hicham, Labrim, Mostafa, Ezziyani, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Gomide, Fernando, Advisory Editor, Kaynak, Okyay, Advisory Editor, Liu, Derong, Advisory Editor, Pedrycz, Witold, Advisory Editor, Polycarpou, Marios M., Advisory Editor, Rudas, Imre J., Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Ezziyyani, Mostafa, editor, and Balas, Valentina Emilia, editor
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- 2023
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5. LA COMMUNICATION AVANT, PENDANT ET APRÈS LA PANDÉMIE DE COVID19, DANS LES ÉCOLES DES INGÉNIEURS: LE CAS DE L'INSEA DE RABAT.
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BENTHAMI, Abdelilah
- Subjects
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COVID-19 pandemic , *PROFESSIONAL relationships , *COVID-19 , *INTERPERSONAL relations , *TELECOMMUNICATION , *HUMAN beings - Abstract
Human beings begin their communication journey from the first moments of their lives. As soon as they are born, they express their emotions by shouting, crying and expressing themselves. These cries are not without meaning; they serve to communicate feelings such as pain, anger, fear, anxiety and even joy. It's difficult to distinguish precisely which emotion is at work; perhaps it's a mixture of all of them at the same time. For those around them, these first cries are the first "sign" that the newborn is alive. This is how the process of human communication begins. For almost a century, communication research has shown us that there is no such thing as clear, limpid and transparent communication. Believing this is a myth. Messages are often, if not always, confusing, obscure and ambiguous. The receiver interprets and decodes what they want, selects the data and the real challenges are often hidden. In short, communication, consciously or unconsciously, is omnipresent, but is it always perfect? No one can deny that communication before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic is of equal magnitude. Its effect, as well as its importance, continues to affect and invade all sectors (companies, schools, personal relationships, professional relationships, etc.). Communication during the pandemic has been influenced by the need to transmit accurate and upto-date information about the pandemic, prevention measures and government guidelines. Governments, health organisations and the media have all played important roles in disseminating this information, often requiring rapid adaptations to meet the ever-changing needs of the population. In summary, communication before, after and during COVID-19 has been marked by significant changes in the way people and organisations communicate, with an increase in the use of distance communication technologies and a greater importance given to disseminating accurate and up-to-date information about the pandemic. Our research on communication is a field study carried out at INSEA in Rabat (National Institute of Statistics and Applied Economics). It was a three-year survey of 122 students on the ways in which students communicate their knowledge, skills and intentional behaviour in learning situations. In summary, our question addresses the modalities used before, during and after the COVID-19 crisis for successful pedagogical communication: How was pedagogical communication carried out? What are the most appropriate and effective communication modalities that motivate students? What strategies are adopted to keep students focused and attentive? What trends in pedagogical communication are we moving towards today and in the future? All these questions will be answered through systematic and participant observation (which involves immersion in the group being studied). The data is natural and rational (a behaviour determined in relation to aims and objectives). The students surveyed were recorded in situations of verbal interaction, questionnaires, direct interviews, online through Facebook and WhatsApp groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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6. Hybridität als funktionales und organisationales Modell in der wissenschaftlichen Weiterbildung
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Sweers, Franziska, Dörner, Olaf, Series Editor, Franz, Julia, Series Editor, Hof, Christiane, Series Editor, Kade, Jochen, Series Editor, Schäffer, Burkhard, Series Editor, Seitter, Wolfgang, Series Editor, and Sweers, Franziska, editor
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- 2022
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7. L’interaction entre le Numérique Ultracontemporain et l’imaginaire Romanesque dans « Les Choses Humaines » de Karine Tuil
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Hicham Rizq Bédeir
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interaction ,imaginaire ,hybride ,numérique ,ultracontemporain ,التفاعل ,الخيال ,النص الهجين ,الرقمنة ,المعاصر ,Social Sciences ,Philology. Linguistics ,P1-1091 ,History (General) and history of Europe - Abstract
Cette étude cherche de part et d'autre à mettre en exergue l’interdépendance entre la création romanesque et l’essor numérique dans Les choses humaines de Karine Tuil. Nous avons essayé, dans une analyse multifonctionnelle en ce qui concerne la forme et le contenu, de délimiter les traits distinctifs de la notion de l’hybride, le mode de présentation du support numérique ainsi que son influence sur le déroulement de la narration, et enfin les procédés que l’auteure a pu réinvestir par le biais du nouveau langage numérique en faveur du genre romanesque composite, Nous avons trouvé que, tout en se référant surtout à la technologie virtuelle très actuelle, le périple fictif dans Les choses humaines de Karine Tuil problématise la notion de l’hybride et ses caractéristiques constitutives. L’auteure a réussi à créer un modèle narratif restructurant interactivement le réel ultracontemporain. L'originalité de ce genre est avant tout due à l’insertion du dispositif numérique de tout acabit dans la trame narrative sous-tendant l’interaction entre l’acte romanesque et le socle technologique hypermoderne occasionnant un cas d'inventivité qui a pu décentraliser le spatiotemporel, réel et virtuel, et universaliser le portrait de l’Homme contemporain. تستهدف هذه الدراسة إلقاء الضوء على فکرة تأثير الاحتواء المتبادل بين التصوير الروائي والطفرة الهائلة في مجال الرقمنة في واقعنا المعاصر من خلال رواية " شؤون البشر"، ""Les choses humainesللکاتبة الفرنسية کارين تويلKarine Tuil . لقد حاولنا تحديد السمات الفارقة لمفهوم النمط السردي الهجين لا سيما في وجود محتوى الرقمنة من حيث نسق الطرح ومدى التأثير في عملية السرد على صعيد الشکل والمضمون، وکذلک عرضنا الآليات التي مکنت الکاتبة من الاستفادة القصوى من معجم الرقمنة الحديث لصالح القالب الروائي الهجين في کنف الرواية؛ وذلک من خلال تحليل نقدي متعدد الأبعاد والوظائف. لقد دللنا في هذه الدراسة أنه بالاستناد إلى مجال الرقمنة فائقة الحداثة في رواية کارين تويلKarine Tuil ، عکَسَ المسار الروائي بکل وضوح اشکالية الخيال الهجين وسماته الأصيلة. وعليه حرصت الکاتبة على بناء نموذج سردي يعيد هيکلة الواقع المعاصر بشکل تفاعلي. وترجع أصالة هذا النوع من الکتابة في الأساس إلى فکرة إدماج عالم الرقمنة بين ثنايا النطاق الروائي کي ترتکز عليه عملية التفاعل المنشود بين القوام الروائي والواقع التکنولوجي، مما أسفر عن خلق حالة من الإبداع أدت إلى اللامرکزية الزمانية والمکانية في العالم الواقعي والافتراضي على حد سواء، وکذلک طرح صورة کونية للإنسان المعاصر ومشکلاته.
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- 2022
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8. Essai d’adaptation des hybrides du cacaoyer dans le territoire de Bambesa en R.D. Congo Eugène KAKULE
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Eugène KAKULE KISERIBWA, Jean-Robert NZANZA BOMBITI, and David BAHATI
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hybride ,cacaoyer ,Sociology (General) ,HM401-1281 - Abstract
Résumé La Province du Bas-Uélé est entièrement agricole, les cultures pratiquées jadis étaient l’arachide, le coton et le caféier. Actuellement, les cultures vivrières pratiquées ne peuvent pas seules resoudre le problème de la pauvreté dont souffre la population. Il est donc le moment de penser à introduire les cultures de rente, en particulier le cacao à partir du Territoire de Bambesa. Cette étude qui a consistée à évaluer le comportement phenologique des cultivars de Yangambi a démontré que le cacaoyer peut être cultivé dans les conditions pedoclimatiques de Bambesa : Tous les trois hybrides introduits à Bambesa se sont bien comportés et peuvent être diffusés quant à leur comportement donc leur capacité d’adaptation. Abstract Bas-Uélé Province is entirely agricultural, crops grown in the past were peanuts, cotton and coffee. Currently, animal crops can not alone solve the problem of poverty that afflicts the population. It is therefore time to think about introducing cash crops, especially cocoa from the Bambesa Territory. This study, which evaluated the phenological behavior of Yangambi cultivars, showed that the cocoa tree can be cultivated under Bambesa pedoclimatic conditions: All three hybrids introduced at Bambesa have behaved well and can be disseminated as far as possible. their behavior and their ability to adapt.
- Published
- 2022
9. East African highland cooking banana: Towards an efficient selection of hybrids with user-preferred food quality traits
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Nowakunda, Kephas, Khakasa, Elizabeth, Ceballos, Hernan, Kenneth, Akankwasa, Tumuhimbise, Robooni, Bugaud, Christophe, Asasira, Moreen, Uwimana, Brigitte, Bouniol, Alexandre, Nuwamanya, Ephraim, Forsythe, Lora, Marimo, Pricilla, Dufour, Dominique, Tushemereirwe, Wilberforce, Nowakunda, Kephas, Khakasa, Elizabeth, Ceballos, Hernan, Kenneth, Akankwasa, Tumuhimbise, Robooni, Bugaud, Christophe, Asasira, Moreen, Uwimana, Brigitte, Bouniol, Alexandre, Nuwamanya, Ephraim, Forsythe, Lora, Marimo, Pricilla, Dufour, Dominique, and Tushemereirwe, Wilberforce
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Determinants of culinary qualities of East African highland cooking bananas (EAHCB) are not well known. This constrains the inclusion of user-preferred traits in breeding. The present study aimed to quantify key indicators of user-preferred characteristics to enable selection of acceptable hybrids. RESULTS: Qualitative characteristics that drive preference were big bunches (15–34 kg), long straight/slightly curved fingers (12–23 cm), yellowness and soft texture. Descriptive sensory analysis of the intensity of colour and texture the 23 genotypes revealed that landraces Kibuzi, Mbwazirume, Nakitembe and Mpologoma had higher intensity of yellowness and lower intensity of hardness (softer) and a low score (≤ 1.0) of astringency taste. A preference test showed that they had higher acceptability scores. Biochemical, instrumental and sensory data revealed correlations between sensory firmness and instrumental hardness (r = 0.5), sensory firmness and amylopectin (r = −0.54), suggesting that qualitative descriptions can be predicted by instrumental and biochemical indicators. Significant (P < 0.05) variations in amylose and total starch content were observed in different varieties. Moderate correlations between instrumental hardness and firmness in mouth (r = 0.55), cohesiveness and firmness in the mouth (r = 0.57), and adhesiveness and firmness in the mouth (r = 0.64) were observed. Surprisingly, carotenoids content was not correlated with yellowness in cooked matooke. However, positive correlations were observed between chroma (b*) parameters of raw matooke and sensorial assessed color on cooked samples. CONCLUSION: Qualitative characteristis; the bunch, pulp colour and texture; that drive users-preference in the EAHCB were quantified, paving way for breeders to use them to select genotypes with these attributes early in the breeding process.
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- 2024
10. Vreemde speenkruiden, een update
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E. Dijkhuis and E. Dijkhuis
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- 2024
11. Un voyage monstrueux : d’Arcimboldo au transhumanisme
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Monica Venturi Delporte
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chimère ,hybride ,Arcimboldo (Giuseppe) ,transhumanisme ,monstrueux ,Language and Literature ,French literature - Italian literature - Spanish literature - Portuguese literature ,PQ1-3999 - Abstract
L’intérêt de cette recherche est d’analyser, à l’appui de la lecture de quelques œuvres d’art, l’évolution de l’iconographie du « monstre » au fil des siècles, au travers des différentes acceptions que le terme a prises. Quels sont les éléments formels, stylistiques et iconologiques qui différencient les nombreuses déclinaisons de « monstre » dans notre arc temporel ? Quels sont les éléments historiques, culturels et sociaux qui ont engendré de tels changements de formes et de sens ? Et existe-t-il, parmi tous ces êtres extraordinaires, en dépit de la complexité des acceptions et des usages, des traits iconographiques et iconologiques communs ?
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- 2021
12. Caractérisation biophysique des milieux situés à l'amont des seuils en rivière: l'écotone retenue de seuil.
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DONATI, FRANCESCO, TOUCHART, LAURENT, BARTOUT, PASCAL, and CHOFFEL, QUENTIN
- Abstract
Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2022
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13. Synchronization of Scrum and Stage-Gate in Hybrid Product Development Projects of Manufacturing Companies
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Krug, Marius, Ays, Johanna, Sauermann, Frederick, Prote, Jan-Philipp, Schuh, GüCnther, Wulfsberg, Jens Peter, editor, Hintze, Wolfgang, editor, and Behrens, Bernd-Arno, editor
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- 2019
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14. Hybrid entrepreneurship: a systematic literature review.
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Demir, Cemre, Werner, Arndt, Kraus, Sascha, and Jones, Paul
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SELF-employment ,ENTREPRENEURSHIP - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
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15. Kafka’s animals between mimicry and assimilation
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Di Noi Barbara
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animals ,faune ,imagery ,violence ,artistry ,metamorphosis ,identity ,description ,fault ,punishment ,anthropocentrism ,ambiguity ,otherness ,hybride ,music ,stillness ,Ethics ,BJ1-1725 - Abstract
In Kafka’s literary world, several animals emerge; they belong to an odd and enigmatic fauna, on the edge between violence and artistry but also between stillness and music; according to the writer, scripture represents both the fault and the punishment waiting for the solitary artist. Animals, especially depicted as hordes of small mice or other rodents, also hint to the heterogeneous structure of the Self, who doesn’t manage to keep under control all the divisions in his ambiguous dentity. Through opposition between the point of view of the subject, who considers his own isolation as indispensable to carry on writing, and the multitude of escaping small animals, Kafka also expresses and experiences his own impossibility of “description” (Beschreibung). In the meantime, Kafka’s animals embody the creatural and unconscious sources of imagination the writer draws from that constantly escape his own control and willingness, pushing forwards into an unknown and inhospitable region, towards the wasteland, the eternal winter that can be identified with scripture. In writing, a deep metamorphosis of the Self takes place. Kafka shares this belief with one of the writers he most admired and considered his master, Gustave Flaubert, who firmly thought that, while writing, one loses his previous identity, becoming someone else, even assuming the appearence of the “otherness”. We can state that Kafka’s imagery of animals takes to the extreme the paradox and ambiguity the idea of writing relies on, also reproducing, especially, in his hybrid creatures, the feeling of uncertainty and lack of safety of the assimilated Jewish artist.
- Published
- 2019
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16. CTH251 flue-cured tobacco F1 hybrid.
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Amankwa, G.A., Mishra, S., Shearer, A.D., Saude, C., Richmond, M.D., and AL-Amery, M.
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TOBACCO ,CULTIVATORS ,COLLOIDS - Abstract
CTH251 is a high yielding flue-cured tobacco with improved leaf quality and is comparable to the check, CTH14. It has comparatively lower percentage total alkaloids than the check. Ground sucker (basal tillers) weight for CTH251 tended to be slightly lower than for the check, which may be more of an advantage for growers when controlling suckers during early season. CTH251 est une variété de tabac jaune à haut rendement et aux feuilles de qualité supérieure comparable au témoin CTH14. La proportion d'alcaloïdes totaux est plus faible que celle de la variété témoin. Le poids des drageons au ras du sol (talles de la base) de CTH251 a tendance à être légèrement plus faible que celui du cultivar témoin, ce qui pourrait constituer un avantage pour les cultivateurs quand ils suppriment les drageons en début de saison. [Traduit par la Rédaction] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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17. Hybrider les représentations pour innover dans une organisation
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BARROY Willy
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innovation ,représentation ,formation ,hybride ,Social Sciences - Abstract
Dans cet article, nous proposons d’interroger le rôle des représentations dans la conception et le déploiement d’un dispositif numérique de formation. Plus précisément, nous nous intéressons, d’une part, à une forme de « langue de l’organisation », c’est-à-dire à l’indexicalité (Coulon, 2007) du langage employé dans une organisation et au sein d’une culture professionnelle, et d’autre part, les cadres structurants (les process, les formalismes des documents, l’organigramme) qui conditionnent les représentations des individus. Notre terrain est constitué par un ensemble de travaux menés au sein d’un fabricant d’hélicoptères dans le cadre d’une thèse CIFRE et d’un appel à projets européen de conception d’un dispositif de formation d’opérateurs (pilotes et techniciens de maintenance).
- Published
- 2021
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18. AAC Brown 18 brown mustard.
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Cheng, Bifang, Williams, David J., and Roslinsky, Vicky
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CYTOPLASMIC male sterility ,MUSTARD ,BRASSICA juncea ,CAUCASIAN race ,HYBRID systems - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Plant Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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19. Kosmopolitische Mediatisierung
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Kron, Thomas, Winter, Lars, Hepp, Andreas, Series editor, Krotz, Friedrich, Series editor, Vogelgesang, Waldemar, Series editor, Hartmann, Maren, Series editor, Pfadenhauer, Michaela, editor, and Grenz, Tilo, editor
- Published
- 2017
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20. Analysis of Fruit Properties of 'Hacıhaliloğlu' x 'Boccucia' Hybrid Population.
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Bilgin, Nihal Acarsoy, Evrenosoğlu, Yasemin, Mısırlı, Adalet, and Kokargül, Remzi
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APRICOT ,FRUIT ,PRINCIPAL components analysis ,HARVESTING time ,FRUIT harvesting - Abstract
Apricot is an important fruit species cultivated in the world. Different varieties of apricot with various quality and sensory characteristics that vary according to the countries are consumed. It is important to breed new varieties to meet consumer demands. Therefore, in this study that was conducted with the 'Hacıhaliloğlu' x 'Boccucia' population to develop new varieties at a later stage, physical, chemical sensory characteristics of the hybrid population were investigated and the status of the population through PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and CA (Clustering Analysis) upon determining the correlation between properties evaluated. Significantly, high levels of variation were observed regarding fruit weight, color, firmness and harvest time. Fruit color and harvest time have been distinctive parameters in selecting genotypes. The dendrogram obtained from cluster analysis grouped 20 genotypes in the same group while the other genotypes were placed in a separate group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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21. L'exil et le fantastique dans l'oeuvre de Ying Chen et d'Ananda Devi.
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Daschaudhuri, Mohar
- Abstract
Copyright of Synergies Inde is the property of GERFLINT (Groupe d'Etudes et de Recherches pour le Francais Langue Internationale) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
22. Xenogene Lebewesen – De novo Entitäten im Zusammenspiel zwischen dem Patentgesetz und dem Embryonenschutzgesetz
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Röttger, Sara and Röttger, Sara
- Abstract
Die Nutzung von xenogenen Entitäten wird als Verfahrensstrategie im Feld der regenerativen Medizin seit Jahren als Alternative zu der Allotransplantation erforscht und erzielt insbesondere in den letzten beiden Jahren große Erfolge. Doch nicht nur im medizinischen Bereich ist dieses Thema auf dem Weg der Etablierung, auch in den Geisteswissenschaften schafft die jüngsten Forschungen in der Biotechnologie hiermit neue Fragen, die es zu beantworten gilt, oder kleidet schon bestehende Fragen in einem neuen Gewand. In ethischer Hinsicht ist zu begutachten, welchen moralischen Status Lebewesen, welche nicht der Gattung homo sapiens entsprechen, zuteilkommt. Insofern ist festzustellen, dass eine Geneditierung, welche lediglich und gezielt innere Organe zu einer späteren Organtransplantation betreffen und aus welcher keine weiteren kognitiven Fähigkeiten zu erwarten sind, zu keiner Steigerung des moralischen Status führen. Die Frage, welchen intrinsischen Wert ein Mensch-Tier-Mischwesen zukommt, ist auch für die rechtliche (Neu-) Bewertung von Chimären und Hybriden entscheidend. Der bestehende nationale Rechtsrahmen, namentlich der § 7 ESchG, betrachtet solche in ihrer Existenz als eine Verletzung der Menschenwürde, ohne diese weiter zu konkretisieren. Dieser ist nach über 30 Jahren Geltungsdauer in seiner Sinnhaftigkeit zu hinterfragen und auf seine Aktualität zu prüfen. Doch nicht nur die Herstellung der Mensch-Tier-Mischwesen an sich wirft Rechtsfragen auf – auch die Verwertung im Gebiet des Patentrechts. Angelehnt an die Patentierung der sog. Krebsmaus ist auch im Zuge der Xenotransplantation eines porcinen Organes in einen Menschen insbesondere eine Abwägung des Tierleides und des (medizinischen) Nutzens als Ausschlussgrund vorzunehmen. Sachverhaltsüberschreitend und rechtssystematisch ist zu kritisieren, dass das nationale PatG in der Umsetzung der europäischen Biopatentrichtlinie, den Normenverweis auf das lediglich national geltende ESchG als Erweiterung Patentauss, The use of xenogen entities is one strategy of many on the research field of regenerative medicine as alternative to the allotransplantation und achieved significant success in the last two years. But this topic is not only highly interesting in the field of natural science, but also in the humanities for considering new question next to revisiting old questions with a different perspective. It must be examined, what moral status is attributed to living beings, which are not a part of the species homo sapiens. It must be determined that gene editing, which affects internal organs for a later organ transplantation but does not result in additional cognitive features, doesn’t elevate the moral status. The question, which intrinsic value a human-animal-being has got, is necessary for a (new) legal framework of chimeras and hybrids. The current national framing, especially the § 7 ESchG, considers these beings as an injury in the human dignity, without any further concretization. This law needs to be scrutinized in its sense of purpose and in its actuality after thirty years of existence. But not only the production of human-animal-beings raises legal questions – but also the utilization in the field of patent law. Leaned on the case of the so called Oncomouse, in the process of xenotransplantation of a porcine organ into a human and to focus on specific reasons of exclusion from patenting, the suffering of animals is weighed against possible (medical) benefits. It must be criticised, that - transcending the subject matter and in a legal systematic way – that the national PatG added the national ESchG as extension of the exclusion from patents when translating the European biopatent directive. This creates a break in the harmonization of European law, which is exacerbated by the fact that the ESchG is neither logical nor systematically useful for the evaluation of an unpatentability.
- Published
- 2023
23. Mate selection: A useful approach to maximize genetic gain and control inbreeding in genomic and conventional oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) hybrid breeding
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Tchounke, Billy, Sanchez, Leopoldo, Bell, Joseph Martin, Cros, David, Tchounke, Billy, Sanchez, Leopoldo, Bell, Joseph Martin, and Cros, David
- Abstract
Genomic selection (GS) is an effective method for the genetic improvement of complex traits in plants and animals. Optimization approaches could be used in conjunction with GS to further increase its efficiency and to limit inbreeding, which can increase faster with GS. Mate selection (MS) typically uses a metaheuristic optimization algorithm, simulated annealing, to optimize the selection of individuals and their matings. However, in species with long breeding cycles, this cannot be studied empirically. Here, we investigated this aspect with forward genetic simulations on a high-performance computing cluster and massively parallel computing, considering the oil palm hybrid breeding example. We compared MS and simple methods of inbreeding management (limitation of the number of individuals selected per family, prohibition of self-fertilization and combination of these two methods), in terms of parental inbreeding and genetic progress over four generations of genomic selection and phenotypic selection. The results showed that, compared to the conventional method without optimization, MS could lead to significant decreases in inbreeding and increases in annual genetic progress, with the magnitude of the effect depending on MS parameters and breeding scenarios. The optimal solution retained by MS differed by five breeding characteristics from the conventional solution: selected individuals covering a broader range of genetic values, fewer individuals selected per full-sib family, decreased percentage of selfings, selfings preferentially made on the best individuals and unbalanced number of crosses among selected individuals, with the better an individual, the higher the number of times he is mated. Stronger slowing-down in inbreeding could be achieved with other methods but they were associated with a decreased genetic progress. We recommend that breeders use MS, with preliminary analyses to identify the proper parameters to reach the goals of the breeding program in t
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- 2023
24. First report of a successful development of yam hybrids (Dioscorea alata L.) from lyophilized and long-term stored pollens
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Maledon, Erick, Nudol, Elie, Perrot, Christophe, Gravillon, Marie-Claire, Rivallan, Ronan, Cornet, Denis, Chaïr, Hâna, Dossa, Komivi, Maledon, Erick, Nudol, Elie, Perrot, Christophe, Gravillon, Marie-Claire, Rivallan, Ronan, Cornet, Denis, Chaïr, Hâna, and Dossa, Komivi
- Abstract
Various biological constraints including erratic and asynchronous flowering between male and female plants hinder successful hybrid development and genetic gains in greater yam breeding programs. Therefore, pollen storage has gained much attention to facilitate artificial pollinations and increase the genetic gains. This 4-year study aimed at developing a practical long-term pollen storage technique for the successful development of yam hybrids. Fresh pollens were collected from two Dioscorea alata males, then lyophilized (two lyophilization treatments were applied), followed by storage at room temperature (24°C–25°C) for 12 months. Moreover, the lyophilized and stored pollens were tested for viability by crossing with four female varieties. Our results showed that lyophilization is effective for achieving viable pollens after 12 months of storage. Treatment 1 (48 h drying) showed higher pollen germination and fertility rates than Treatment 2 (72 h drying). Although we observed a reduction in viability of lyophilized pollens after 12 months of storage, we generated hybrid seedlings with success rates from 12% to 21% compared to 21%–31% when using fresh pollens. Paternity testing based on molecular genotyping confirmed the hybrid status of the obtained seedlings, which grew well in a greenhouse. Lyophilization is a practical approach for a long-term storage of greater yam pollen samples. This protocol will positively impact yam breeding programs particularly in developing countries.
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- 2023
25. Shared pedigree relationships and transmission of unreduced gametes in cultivated banana
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Martin, Guillaume, Baurens, Franc-Christophe, Labadie, Karine, Hervouet, Catherine, Salmon, Frédéric, Marius, Franck, Paulo-de-la-Reberdiere, Nilda, Van Den Houwe, Ines, Aury, Jean-Marc, D'Hont, Angélique, Yahiaoui, Nabila, Martin, Guillaume, Baurens, Franc-Christophe, Labadie, Karine, Hervouet, Catherine, Salmon, Frédéric, Marius, Franck, Paulo-de-la-Reberdiere, Nilda, Van Den Houwe, Ines, Aury, Jean-Marc, D'Hont, Angélique, and Yahiaoui, Nabila
- Abstract
Background and aims: Cultivated bananas resulted from inter-(sub-)specific hybridizations involving Musa species and subspecies (M. acuminata subspecies, M. schizocarpa, M. balbisiana) and the subsequent selection, centuries ago, of hybrids with parthenocarpic, seedless fruits. Cultivars have low fertility and are vegetatively propagated, forming groups of somaclones. Relatively few of them, mainly triploids, are grown on a large scale and characterization of their parental relationships may be useful for breeding strategies. Here, we investigate parental relationships and gamete-type contributions among diploid and polyploid banana cultivars. Methods: We used SNP genotyping data from whole genome sequencing of 178 banana individuals including 111 cultivars, 55 wild bananas and 12 synthetic F1 hybrids. We analysed the proportion of SNP sites in accordance with direct parentage with a global statistic and along chromosomes for selected individuals. Key Results: We characterised parentage relationships for seven diploid, eleven triploid and one tetraploid cultivars. Results showed that both diploid and triploid cultivars could have contributed gametes to other banana cultivars. Diploids may have contributed 1x or 2x gametes and triploids, 1x to 3x gametes. The Mchare diploid cultivars group nowadays only found in East Africa, was found as parent of 2 diploid and 8 triploid cultivars. In five of its identified triploid offspring, corresponding to main export or locally popular dessert bananas, Mchare contributed a 2x gamete with full genome restitution without recombination. Analyses of remaining haplotypes in these Mchare offspring suggested ancestral pedigree relationships between different interspecific banana cultivars. Conclusions: Current cultivated banana resulted from different pathways of formation, with implication of recombined or un-recombined unreduced gametes produced by diploid or triploid cultivars. Identification of dessert banana's parents and the typ
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- 2023
26. Genotyping by sequencing for SNP-Based linkage analysis and the development of KASPar markers for male sterility and polyembryony in citrus
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Montalt, Rafael, Cuenca, José, Vives, María Carmen, Mournet, Pierre, Navarro, Luis, Ollitrault, Patrick, Aleza, Pablo, Montalt, Rafael, Cuenca, José, Vives, María Carmen, Mournet, Pierre, Navarro, Luis, Ollitrault, Patrick, and Aleza, Pablo
- Abstract
Polyembryony and male sterility (MS) are essential characters for citrus breeding. MS, coupled with parthenocarpy, allows for addressing the diversification of diploid seedless mandarin varieties, and nucleocytoplasmic MS is the most prevalent system. Polyembryony limits the use of seed parents in scion breeding programs, and the recovery of monoembryonic hybrids to be used as female parents is a crucial pre-breeding component. The objectives of this work were the identification of SNPs closely linked with the genes implied in these traits for marker-assisted selection. Genotyping by sequencing was used to genotype 61 diploid hybrids from an F1 progeny recovered from crossing 'Kiyomi' and 'Murcott' tangors. A total of 6444 segregating markers were identified and used to establish the two parental genetic maps. They consisted of 1374 and 697 markers encompassing 1416.287 and 1339.735 cM for 'Kiyomi' and 'Murcott', respectively. Phenotyping for MS and polyembryony was performed. The genotype–trait association study identified a genomic region on LG8 which was significantly associated with MS, and a genomic region on LG1 which was significantly associated with polyembryony. Annotation of the identified region for MS revealed 19 candidate genes. One SNP KASPar marker was developed and fully validated for each trait.
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- 2023
27. New coffee varieties as a climate adaptation strategy: Empirical evidence from Costa Rica
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Kahsay, Goytom Abraha, Turreira-Garcia, Nerea, Ortiz-Gonzalo, Daniel, Georget, Frederic, Skovmand Bosselmann, Aske, Kahsay, Goytom Abraha, Turreira-Garcia, Nerea, Ortiz-Gonzalo, Daniel, Georget, Frederic, and Skovmand Bosselmann, Aske
- Abstract
Adapting to climate change in vulnerable coffee regions is crucial to maintain rural livelihoods. Among the solutions, coffee breeding strategies aim to produce coffee varieties with higher output performance than traditional varieties while reducing competition for land. This paper investigates the output performance of hybrid coffee (e.g., Starmaya and Centroamericano – H1), introgressed (e.g., Marsellesa and obatá) and traditional coffee (e.g., Caturra and Villa Sarchi) varieties. By using plot-level panel data among commercial farms in Costa Rica, we estimate the output performance of the three coffee varieties using pooled ordinary least squares and random effects models. We find that hybrid coffee varieties give 29–61% higher output than traditional coffee varieties. The results remain robust even after controlling for factor and climate inputs. Notwithstanding the larger productivity, hybrid coffee varieties demand more labor and inorganic fertilizers. While pesticide use may be reduced by hybrid's pest resistance, agroecological approaches for nutrient management are still needed to improve livelihoods and environmental outcomes. Headed towards longer-term studies, our paper presents the first evidence on the output performance of hybrid coffee varieties outside on-farm trials or experimental plots. These results suggest the potential of hybrid coffee varieties in promoting sustainable agriculture by improving the livelihood of coffee farmers, enhancing their adaptation against climate change and decreasing competition for land.
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- 2023
28. Ophrys × urruchiae nothosp. nov.(O. apifera × O. santonica). Descripción de un híbrido nuevo hallado en España
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Hermosilla, Carlos Enrique and Hermosilla, Carlos Enrique
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On décrit l'hybride naturel Ophrys × urruchiae, un produit spontané du croisement de Ophrys apifera × O. santonica qui a été trouvé en 2021 dans la province de Burgos (Espagne), Se describe el híbrido natural Ophrys × urruchiae, producto espontáneo del cruce de O. apifera × O. santonica que fue hallado en 2021 en la provincia de Burgos.
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- 2023
29. Une rupture dans le rapport au travail ? La pandémie de Covid-19 et les temporalités de gestion de leur parcours par les salariés
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Laurent, Marie-Elodie, Taskin, Laurent, Ughetto, Pascal, and UCL - SSH/LouRIM - Louvain Research Institute in Management and Organizations
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Parcours professionnel ,Télétravail ,Management of Technology and Innovation ,Carrière ,Hybride ,Rapport au travail ,Travail ,Covid - Abstract
La crise sanitaire est réputée avoir provoqué une rupture dans le rapport au travail de beaucoup de salariés, qui en auraient tiré les conséquences à travers une inflexion marquée de leur parcours. L’article interroge cette hypothèse en se basant sur quinze récits de salariés d’entreprises privées et publiques belges, collectés au début de l’année 2021 dans le cadre d’une recherche transdisciplinaire. Il appréhende le rapport au travail et les choix effectués par les individus dans leurs parcours en les inscrivant à la croisée des normes organisationnelles, professionnelles et familiales que les individus s’emploient à accorder. Nos résultats montrent que, si elle a pu constituer un choc, la crise sanitaire a surtout amplifié et précipité des réflexions qui s’inscrivent dans des temporalités plus longues en matière de rapport au travail. La distance avec l’entreprise et la fréquentation continue des membres de la famille a imposé un poids accru des normes familiales et forcé à la recomposition d’équilibres avec des normes organisationnelles, désormais davantage obligées de composer avec les premières.
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- 2022
30. Die Identifizierung der Europäischen und Japanischen Lärche und ihrer Hybride mit SSR-Genmarkern.
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LÜTKENHAUS, A., CARÉ, O., KUCHMA, O., MOSER, K., MÜLLER, M., GAILING, O., HOSIUS, B., and LEINEMANN, L.
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Variation analyses of extractive contents by NIR-spectroscopy bring out the differences between agroforestry and forestry walnut (Juglans regia × nigra) trees
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Lucie Heim, Loïc Brancheriau, Remy Marchal, Nabila Boutahar, Sylvain Lotte, Louis Denaud, Eric Badel, Karima Meghar, Kevin Candelier, Laboratoire Bourguignon des Matériaux et Procédés (LABOMAP), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant (PIAF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), BioWooEB (UPR BioWooEB), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Languedoc-Rousillon (ENSAM), Démarche intégrée pour l'obtention d'aliments de qualité (UMR QualiSud), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and ADEME, Fondation de France
- Subjects
Analyse discriminante ,Mode de culture ,Juglans regia ,Heartwood ,Extractives ,Lignine ,F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture ,Bois de coeur ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph] ,Hybride ,Spectroscopie infrarouge ,Agroforesterie ,NIR-spectrometry ,F50 - Anatomie et morphologie des plantes ,Lignin ,Structure du bois ,NIR-hyperspectral imaging ,Biomaterials ,[PHYS.MECA.SOLID]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Solid mechanics [physics.class-ph] ,[PHYS.MECA.BIOM]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph] ,Nir-hyperspectral imaging ,Méthode statistique ,Discrimination models ,Composition chimique ,Nir-spectrometry ,Sciences du vivant - Abstract
Wood characteristics of trees grown in agroforestry systems are little studied, even if growth conditions are different from conventional stands. This work aimed to determine the impact of the agroforestry system on the heartwood formation process of hybrid walnut (Juglans regia × nigra) trees, especially the resulting extractive contents. Ethanol and water extractions were successively performed on wood samples taken across the diameter of the trunk of agroforestry (AF) and forest (FC) walnut trees to get the radial distribution of the extractive contents. All the samples were analyzed by NIR-spectroscopy and NIR-hyperspectral imaging. Statistical discriminant models were developed to classify the samples from both different forestry systems, according to their chemical composition. The results indicated no significant differences between the values of extractive contents of AF and FC walnut woods, whatever the radial position. At the intra-tree scale, the quantity of extractives does not increase significantly with the radial position. However, partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) regression models, developed with NIRS measurements, showed that significant chemical differences exist between AF and FC trees, especially for extractives composition and lignin content. This allowed to classify wood specimens from both forestry systems. These results were confirmed by hyperspectral camera analyses.
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- 2022
32. Hybride, de la bâtardise à l’innovation technologique
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Rosa Cetro
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hybride ,dictionnaires du français ,évolution sémantique ,terminologie ,innovation ,French literature - Italian literature - Spanish literature - Portuguese literature ,PQ1-3999 - Abstract
Le mot hybride, employé aussi bien comme adjectif que comme substantif, a pendant longtemps été accompagné d’une connotation négative, véhiculant des idées de bizarrerie, de bâtardise, voire de monstruosité. L’objectif de cet article est de parcourir l’histoire et l’évolution de ce mot qui, dans nos sociétés contemporaines, apparaît dans de nombreux domaines spécialisés avec des connotations souvent positives, allant dans le sens de l’innovation et du progrès.
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- 2018
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- View/download PDF
33. Phenotypic biodiversity characterization of dromedary camels and hybrids in Kazakhstan
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Shynar Akhmetsadykova, Ersultan Shertay, Gaukhar Konuspayeva, Aibyn Torekhanov, and Bernard Faye
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Dromadaire ,Hybride ,Phénotype ,L10 - Génétique et amélioration des animaux ,L40 - Anatomie et morphologie des animaux ,Food Animals ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Biodiversité ,Variation phénotypique - Abstract
Kazakhstan is one of the rare camel countries with rich camel biodiversity where different dromedary camels, Bactrian camels, and hybrid types are cohabiting at the same territories during centuries. Several data on phenotype biodiversity of local camels are available, mostly published during Soviet Union time using few body quantitative measurements. Unfortunately, those data are not sufficient to place the local breeds among the world camel population. The aim of this study was to describe detailed phenotype parameters of dromedary camels and hybrids in Kazakhstan and to compare our animals with the other camel populations in the world. As the whole, six camel farms were visited, located in different regions of southern Kazakhstan. In total, 185 female camels (Aruana breed camels and hybrids) were described by the phenotype questionnaire. There was a significant effect of “breed” on the different parameters except udder depth and body length. Most of the measurements were lower in Aruana compared to hybrids. The discriminating factorial analysis confirmed the clear separation between the breed based on their body measurements with a total of 95% of well-classed. The main discriminating parameters (allowing distinguishing the populations) were in the order: (i) the length of the head, (ii) the neck length, (iii) the neck circumference, (iv) the teat length, and (v) the udder length.
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- 2023
34. The Study Effect of Weight Fraction on Thermal and Electrical Conductivity for Unsaturated Polyester Composite Alone and Hybrid.
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Aleabi, Suad H., Watan, Anaam W., Salman, Ebtisam M-T., Jasim, Kareem A., Shaban, Auday H., and AlSaadi, Tagreed M.
- Subjects
- *
UNSATURATED polyesters , *ALUMINUM oxide , *COPPER oxide , *THERMAL conductivity , *ELECTRIC conductivity - Abstract
In this research prepared two composite materials, the first prepared from unsaturated polyester resin (UP), which is a matrix, and aluminum oxide (Al2O3), and the second prepared from unsaturated polyester resin and aluminum oxide and copper oxide (CuO), the two composites materials (Alone and Hybrid) of percentage weight (5,10,15)%. All samples were prepared by hand layup process, and study the electrical and thermal conductivity. The results showed decrease electrical conductivity from (10 - 2.39) ×10-15 for (Up+ Al2O3) and from (10 - 2.06)×10-15 for (Up+ Al2O3+ CuO). But increase thermal conductivity from(0.17 - 0.505) for (Up+ Al2O3) and from (0.17 - 0.489) for (Up+ Al2O3+ CuO). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
- Full Text
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35. Flexible heat pump or chiller with hybrid water/LiBr absorption/compression cycle.
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Schweigler, Christian, Helm, Martin, and Eckert, Thomas
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- *
HEAT pumps , *COMPRESSORS , *HEAT radiation & absorption , *THERMODYNAMIC cycles , *DATA compression , *WATER levels , *WATER temperature - Abstract
• Hybrid absorption/compression chiller or heat pump with working pair water/lithium bromide and mechanical vapor compressor allows for change of operating conditions or provides increased capacity. • Application as hybrid chiller with reduced driving heat temperature or increased cooling water temperature, as compared to standard absorption cycle. • Application as heat pump with increased temperature lift. • Required performance of turbo compressor is determined from target operating envelope of the hybrid chiller. • Semi-empirical model predicts operating characteristic of the compressor and provides design data for the impeller of the compressor. The concept and general considerations for the design of a hybrid absorption/compression cycle are presented. An electrically driven high-speed turbo compressor which is directly integrated in a single-stage water/LiBr absorption heat pump cycle provides a pressure lift for the refrigerant vapor transmitted from the evaporator to the absorber or from the desorber to the condenser, resulting in increased flexibility of the cycle for operation under non-standard boundary conditions. By detailed steady-state thermodynamic process simulation, three main operation modes are investigated concerning the required temperature level of the cooling water and the driving heat source as well as the increase of the chilled water capacity. Characteristic data for compression ratios between 1 and 3 are presented. Depending on the specific electrical input a significant change of the operating limits is observed. In order to assess the influence on the overall system efficiency, selected key figures such as driving power of the compressor, temperature lift, driving heat temperature level, as well as thermal and mechanical COP, are determined and discussed. As preparation for implementation of the concept with maximum flexibility, the required characteristic of the turbo compressor — governed by refrigerant vapor flow and pressure ratio — is deduced from the targeted operating envelope. Based on a fundamental physical model a preliminary design of the turbo compressor is found. This design has been further elaborated by a detailed fluid-dynamic and structural modeling of the compressor, allowing for a precise prediction of its performance and technical feasibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Efficient deep dehumidification hybrid air conditioning system.
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Evron, Yigal, Gommed, Khaled, and Grossman, Gershon
- Subjects
- *
TEMPERATURE control , *DEW point , *DEW , *ATMOSPHERIC temperature , *AIR conditioning , *HEAT capacity , *LATENT heat - Abstract
• Simulations of different hybrid desiccant A/C systems. • Absorption used for both cooling and dehumidification. • Proposed hybrid configuration significantly increases performance. • Proposed hybrid configuration allows improves control of supply air state. Air conditioning (A/C) systems serve two main functions: temperature and humidity control of the conditioned space. This work focuses on a hybrid A/C system consisting of a liquid desiccant system (LDS) and an absorption chiller. An efficient deep-dehumidification hybrid A/C system (EDHACS) configuration is proposed. It is designed to enhance both performance and control. A detailed simulation study of the EDHACS has been conducted, and selected results are described in this article. Liquid desiccant systems (LDS) are exceptionally good at air dehumidification, and hence capable of handling the latent heat load. In conventional air conditioning (A/C) systems, this task is achieved by over-cooling the air below its dew point, which leads to both thermodynamic and practical inefficiencies. An optimal A/C system may be hybrid, consisting of a chiller to handle the sensible load and a low-grade heat driven liquid-desiccant-system (LDS), potentially with storage capability, to handle the latent load. The hybrid system has the added advantage of allowing independent control of temperature and humidity, thereby providing much-improved thermal comfort. Simulation results show that the EDHACS outperforms any other hybrid configuration that was tested. Its dehumidifier is split in two to take advantage of both the ambient and the chiller cooling capacity as heat sinks. By minimizing absorbent circulation between the two dehumidifiers, two distinct dehumidifier temperature levels are maintained, thereby further improving performance – resulting in increased COP and capacity values, and lower supply air temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Results and Conclusions on Metallic Materials Made by AM within the Austrian Leader Project "addmanu".
- Author
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Buchmayr, Bruno, Panzl, Gerhard, Walzl, Alexander, Wallis, Christopher, Hubmann, Reinhard, and Kitzmantel, Michael
- Abstract
The paper provides a selection of manifold results and findings gained within a national research and leader project, called "addmanu", which has motivated a lot of other researchers and companies to go into this interesting field of metallic additive manufacturing. New material developments, lightweight AM-concepts, hybrids, components having a very complex geometry, production of very small channels, reduction of surface roughness, and the production of a series of parts in high-tech application areas are demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Evolve Roundup Ready® high erucic acid, low glucosinolate hybrid summer rape.
- Author
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Duncan, R.W., McVetty, P.B.E., Nugent-Rigby, J.A., Fernando, W.G.D., and Li, G.
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CYTOPLASMIC male sterility ,RAPE ,RAPESEED ,OILSEEDS ,SUMMER ,COLE crops - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Plant Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Multimodalité(s) dans les interactions humaines
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Mary Amoyal, Marco Cappellini, Christelle Combe, Berthille Pallaud, Béatrice Priego-Valverde, and Marion Tellier
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en ligne ,web 2.0 ,conversationnelle ,exolingue ,hybrid ,humor ,humour ,smile ,face-to-face ,hybride ,exolingual ,sourire ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,en face-à-face ,conversational ,online - Abstract
Dans notre contribution, nous allons aborder la notion de multimodalité dans les interactions humaines. Dans un premier temps, nous mettrons au jour les différentes définitions du concept de multimodalité actuellement utilisées dans les recherches en sciences du langage. Dans un deuxième temps, nous détaillerons certaines recherches actuelles sur la multimodalité menées au LPL en montrant la variété des cadres théoriques et méthodologiques mobilisés ainsi que des situations d’interaction considérées, allant du face-à-face présentiel aux interactions en ligne, de la conversation entre locuteurs d’une même langue à la communication exolingue. Enfin, dans une dernière partie, nous montrerons que cette variété n’empêche pas la complémentarité, ni des ressources langagières mobilisées par les participants, ni des cadres théoriques et méthodologiques qui en rendent compte. Nous conclurons ce chapitre en proposant quelques pistes de recherche future notamment à partir du phénomène de défaillance interactionnelle. 1. Le concept de multimodalitéLa communication interpersonnelle (Goffman, 1974) est « multimodale » dans son acception la plus large, c’est-à-dire en prenant en compte aussi bien les travaux de recherche menés en sciences du langage sur l’oral (Colletta, 2004), sur la gestuelle (Cosnier et al. 1982, McNeill, 1992), en analyse conversationnelle (Mondada, 2005) que ceux de la sémiotique sociale (Kress & Van Leeuwen, 2001) ou encore de la communication médiée par ordinateur (Develotte et al, 2011) et de l’analyse du discours numérique (Paveau, 2017). Dans cette première partie, nous définissons nos différents ancrages théoriques principaux, l’un n’excluant pas l’autre.1.1. Eclairages linguistiquesLorsque l’on analyse la parole en interaction en tant que phénomène multimodal, on considère en général trois grandes modalités : le verbal, le vocal (dont la prosodie [Voir l’article “La prosodie au Laboratoire Parole et Langage : histoire, recherches actuelles et perspectives” dans ce numéro]) et les éléments posturo-mimo-gestuels (Colletta, 2004). Une linguistique multimodale prend donc en compte les différentes modalités et les analyses en les mettant en relation. Étudier la prosodie ou analyser le geste (ou d’autres aspects kinésiques tels que les postures, les regards et les mimiques faciales) sans le verbal isolerait les modalités et ne permettrait pas de montrer leur articulation (Ferré, 2011).1.2. Éclairage de la sémiotique socialeUne conception de la multimodalité par l’entrée des modalités sensorielles peut être complexifiée si l’on pense qu’une même modalité peut être le canal de plusieurs modes sémiotiques. Ainsi, à travers la modalité visuelle, parfois appelée canal de la vue, il est possible de percevoir plusieurs modes sémiotiques : expressions faciales, gestes et proxémique entre autres. Ainsi, la multimodalité peut être définie comme une caractérisation de l’interaction non seulement en termes de modalités à l’œuvre, mais aussi de modes sémiotiques.Le développement des technologies de l’audio-visuel et du numérique a fait émerger dans les années 1990, une autre vision du concept de multimodalité, ancrée dans le champ de la sémiotique sociale. Les travaux de Kress et van Leeuwen (2001) ont permis de définir de nouveaux contours de cette notion en intégrant les différentes modalités de la communication permise par les différents artefacts utilisés. Ainsi la multimodalité est définie comme le recours massif et conjoint à divers modes d’expression (verbal, visuel, audio, tactile, etc.) dans la communication. 1.3. Eclairages émergents dans la « multimodalité numérique »Le concept de « multimodalité numérique » (Wachs & Weber, 2021) s’ancre dans plusieurs champs de recherches, proches les uns des autres mais présentant chacun des particularités. Le premier, fondateur et précurseur est le champ de la Communication Médiée par Ordinateur (CMO) qui s’est intéressé, dès le début d’Internet (et même du minitel en France) aux échanges en ligne, principalement sous leur forme textuelle (Herring, 1996 ; Anis, 1998). Viennent ensuite deux champs émergents de la linguistique dans la lignée de la CMO : le champ des Interactions Multimodales Par Ecran qui s’est développé notamment autour des interactions par visioconférence (Develotte, Kern & Lamy, 2011, Develotte & Paveau, 2017 ; Guichon & Tellier, 2017) et celui de l’Analyse du Discours Numérique (Paveau, 2017). Enfin, dans le domaine de la didactique des langues, on soulignera le champ de l’Apprentissage des Langues médiatisé par la Technologie (Guichon, 2012) qui étudie l’intégration des technologies dans les situations de communication spécifiquement liées à l’enseignement-apprentissage des langues. 2. Les recherches sur la multimodalité au LPLLes recherches sur la multimodalité au LPL se répartissent dans trois grands cadrages théoriques (celui de la parole multimodale -verbo-vocal et posturo-mimo-gestuel, celui de la sémiotique sociale et enfin celui de la multimodalité numérique) voire parfois dans un rapprochement des trois. Les chercheur.e.s du LPL qui s’intéressent à la question de la multimodalité étudient chacun des contextes différents comme les interactions en face-à-face, les interactions en ligne et les interactions hybrides.2.1. Les interactions en face-à-faceLes interactions en face-à- face peuvent être de différentes nature (e.g. conversation, interaction médecin-patient, réunion de travail…). Dans cette section, nous présenterons certaines recherches qui portent sur la conversation en face-à-face. Nos travaux portent principalement sur la prosodie lors de disfluences (Pallaud et al., 2019) et sur le sourire dans deux phases de la conversation : les transitions thématiques et les phases d’humour (Amoyal et al., 2020). Dans l’étude des interactions en face-à-face, un intérêt est également porté à la communication exolingue (entre participants n’ayant pas la même langue première) (Porquier, 1994). Elles sont particulièrement intéressantes à étudier d’un point de vue multimodal, notamment du point de vue de l’adaptation des modalités pour faciliter l’accès au sens (Tellier et al., 2021). 2.2. Les interactions en ligneAvec la diffusion des ordinateurs et de connexions internet de plus en plus performantes, plusieurs outils de communication médiatisée par ordinateur (CMO) se sont développés et diffusés au fil des années, à partir des premiers échanges de courriel jusqu’à la banalisation récente de la visioconférence et des appels vidéophoniques. Ces nouveaux outils ont, d’une part, fait l’objet d’une projection de la part des interactions de procédés interactionnels provenant des interactions en face-à-face présentiel, tout en faisant émerger des nouveaux phénomènes communicatifs liés à la multimodalité de différentes formes de CMO (que l’on pense par exemple aux émoticônes dans les clavardages). Certaines recherches au LPL se sont ainsi tournées vers l’émergence de techno-genres discursifs et leur caractérisation par exemple en termes d’ethos. D’autres se sont intéressées au potentiel pédagogique pour la didactique des langues, tant sur le versant de l’acquisition de langues secondes que sur celui de la formation de formateurs.2.3. Les interactions hybridesLes interactions hybrides mêlent face-à-face et distanciel et peuvent avoir lieu selon différentes configurations. Une recherche interdisciplinaire et collective à plusieurs laboratoires, dont le LPL (voir fiche corpus Présences numériques), a étudié un séminaire doctoral poly-artefacté (Develotte et al., 2021), c’est-à-dire un séminaire dont une partie des participants est physiquement en présence et l’autre en présence via différents artefacts (une tablette articulée sur un socle, un robot à taille humaine mobile sur roulettes et une plateforme multimodale interactive) et qui présentait, entre autres modules, un espace de visioconférence, un espace de clavardage, une prise de notes collective et un partage de documents. Chaque artefact étant lui-même actionné au travers d’écrans multiples (d’ordinateurs, de tablettes, de smartphones, etc.). Un tel contexte de communication multimodale poly-artéfacté s’avère donc éminemment complexe tant à expérimenter pour les participants, qu’à étudier et retranscrire pour les chercheurs. 3. PerspectivesAu terme de ce chapitre qui met en évidence les grandes directions de recherche effectuée au LPL sur la multimodalité, plusieurs perspectives ont été identifiées. A titre d’exemple, étudier le phénomène de « défaillance interactionnelle » semble particulièrement intéressant notamment pour montrer comment les locuteurs puisent dans leurs ressources multimodales pour surmonter ces défaillances. Des phénomènes différents les uns des autres sont à observer : disfluences, recherches lexicales, incompréhensions et réparations, explications et enfin anticipation de la défaillance à travers un discours didactique multimodal.Une première piste de recherche qui pourrait être explorée est la nature multimodale des disfluences en interaction : observe-t-on seulement une synchronisation de la suspension du geste et de la parole ou existe-t-il des gestes spécifiques liés à la recherche lexicale ? Une perspective de recherche au LPL pourrait être de comparer l’apparition des disfluences dans les discours en L1 vs en langue étrangère pour voir si la maîtrise de la langue affecte la façon dont ce phénomène s’exprime multimodalement. Parmi les perspectives à explorer dans les recherches sur la multimodalité, on peut compter l’étude des alignements conversationnels. Dans le modèle proposé par Pickering et Garrod (2004, 2021), l’alignement est un phénomène psychologique concernant les représentations mentales d’interlocuteurs, phénomène qui se reflète dans l’articulation et souvent dans la reprise de comportements communicatifs. Si l’alignement a initialement été étudié par le phénomène du priming à différents niveaux langagiers (lexique, morphosyntaxe…), récemment on a pu constater un intérêt pour la communication dans sa multimodalité, incluant entre autres les gestes et les mimiques faciales (Cappellini, Holt et Hsu, 2022). En incluant l’étude des mimiques faciales, une étude du sourire des interlocuteurs en phase de réparation orale, pourrait permettre de mettre en exergue l’importance de cette expression faciale dans ce procédé interactionnel. Une piste de recherche serait également d’interroger la place du sourire dans la recherche lexicale. Enfin, il semble que l’on pourrait aussi dans les recherches sur la multimodalité numérique étudier à partir de la complexité du schéma interactionnel de la plateforme YouTube (un discours vidéo auquel répondent des commentaires écrits en asynchronie) comment les vlogueurs anticipent la possible défaillance interactionnelle en recourant à un discours didactique (Moirand, 1993) qui sollicite différents éléments multimodaux. In our contribution, we will discuss the notion of multimodality in human interactions. First, we will present the different definitions of the concept of multimodality currently used in linguistics. Then, we will focus on some of the current studies on multimodality conducted at the LPL, showing the variety of theoretical and methodological frameworks used as well as the interaction situations considered, ranging from face-to-face to online interactions, from conversations between speakers of the same language to exolingual communication. Finally, in the last part, we will show that despite the variety of approaches, our studies are complementary. We will conclude this chapter by proposing some avenues for future research, particularly based on the phenomenon of interactional failure. 1. The concept of multimodalityInterpersonal communication (Goffman, 1974) is “multimodal” in its broadest sense, if we take into account the research work carried out in linguistics on oral speech (Colletta, 2004), on gestures (Cosnier et al. 1982, McNeill, 1992), in conversational analysis (Mondada, 2005) as well as in social semiotics (Kress & Van Leeuwen, 2001) or in computer-mediated communication (Develotte et al, 2011) and digital discourse analysis (Paveau, 2017). In this first part, we define our main theoretical anchors, one not excluding the other.1.1 Insights from linguistics When we analyze speech in interaction as a multimodal phenomenon, we generally consider three main modalities: the verbal, the vocal (including prosody) and the posturo-mimo-gestural elements (Colletta, 2004). A multimodal linguistic perspective thus takes into account the different modalities and analyses them by putting them in relation. Studying prosody or analysing gesture (or other kinesic aspects such as postures, gazes, and facial mimicry) without the verbal would isolate the modalities and would not show their articulation (Ferré, 2011).1.2 Insights from social semioticsA conception of multimodality through the input of sensory modalities can be complexified if we think that a single modality can be the channel for several semiotic modes. Thus, through the visual modality, it is possible to perceive several semiotic modes: facial expressions, gestures and proxemics among others. Therefore, multimodality can be defined as a characterization of interaction not only in terms of the modalities at work, but also in terms of semiotic modes.In the 1990s, the development of audio-visual and digital technologies led to the emergence of another vision of the concept of multimodality, rooted in the field of social semiotics. The works of Kress and van Leeuwen (2001) have allowed to define new contours of this notion by integrating the different modalities of the communication allowed by the different artifacts. Thus, multimodality is defined as the massive and joint use of various modes of expression (verbal, visual, audio, tactile, etc.) in communication. 1.3 Emerging insights of “digital multimodality”The concept of “digital multimodality” (Wachs & Weber, 2021) is rooted in several fields of research, close to each other but each with its own particularities. The first, founding and precursor field is Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) which has been focused one in online exchanges, mainly in their textual form (Herring, 1996; Anis, 1998), since the beginning of the Internet (and even of the minitel in France). Then come two emerging fields of linguistics in the lineage of CMC: the field of Screen-Based Multimodal Interactions, which has developed in particular around videoconference interactions (Develotte, Kern & Lamy, 2011, Develotte & Paveau, 2017; Guichon & Tellier, 2017) and that of Digital Discourse Analysis (Paveau, 2017). Finally, in the field of language didactics, we will highlight the field of Technology-Enhanced Language Learning (Guichon, 2012) which studies the integration of technologies in communication situations specifically related to language teaching and learning. 2. Research on multimodality at LPLResearch on multimodality at the LPL is divided into three main theoretical frameworks: 1) multimodal speech (verbal, vocal and posturo-mimo-gestural), 2) social semiotics, and finally 3) digital multimodality, and sometimes even a combination of the three. The LPL researchers who are interested in the question of multimodality each study different contexts such as face-to-face interactions, online interactions and hybrid interactions.2.1. Face-to-face interactionsFace-to-face interactions can be of different nature (e.g. conversation, doctor-patient interaction, work meeting…). In this section, we will present some research on face-to-face conversation. Our work focuses on prosody during disfluencies (Pallaud et al., 2019) and on smiling in two phases of conversation: thematic transitions and humor phases (Amoyal et al., 2020). In the study of face-to-face interactions, there is also interest in exolingual communication (between participants who do not have the same first language) (Porquier, 1994). These are particularly interesting to study from a multimodal perspective, especially from the point of view of the adaptation of modalities to facilitate access to meaning (Tellier et al., 2021). 2.2. Online interactionsWith the spread of computers and increasingly powerful Internet connections, several computer-mediated communication (CMC) tools have developed and spread over the years, from the first e-mail exchanges to the recent widespread use of videoconferencing and videophone calls. On the one hand, these new tools have been the object of a projection of interactional processes coming from face-to-face interactions, while on the other hand, new communicative phenomena linked to the multimodality of different forms of CMC have emerged (for example, emoticons in chat rooms). Some research at the LPL has thus turned to the emergence of discursive techno-genres and their characterization, for example in terms of ethos. Others are interested in the pedagogical potential for language didactics, both in terms of second language acquisition and teacher training.2.3. Hybrid interactionsHybrid interactions mix face-to-face and distance learning and can take place in different configurations. An interdisciplinary and collective research between several laboratories, including the LPL (see Présences numériques corpus), studied a poly-artifact doctoral seminar (Develotte et al, 2021), i.e. a seminar where one part of the participants is physically present and the other part is present via different artifacts (a tablet articulated on a base, a human-sized robot mobile on wheels and an interactive multimodal platform) which featured, among other modules, a videoconference space, a chat space, a collective note-taking and a document sharing. Each artifact was itself operated through multiple screens (of computers, tablets, smartphones, etc.). Such a multimodal poly-artifact communication context is therefore eminently complex to use for the participants, as well as to study and transcribe for the researchers. 3. PerspectivesAt the end of this chapter, which highlights the main directions of research carried out at LPL on multimodality, several perspectives are identified. For example, studying the phenomenon of “interactional failure” seems particularly interesting, especially to show how speakers draw on their multimodal resources to overcome these failures. Different phenomena can be observed: disfluencies, lexical searches, misunderstandings and repairs, explanations and finally anticipation of the failure through a multimodal didactic discourse.A first avenue of research that could be explored is the multimodal nature of disfluencies in interaction: is there only a synchronization of the suspension of gesture and speech or are there specific gestures linked to lexical research? A research perspective at LPL could be to compare the occurrence of disfluencies in L1 vs. foreign language speech to see if language proficiency affects how this phenomenon is expressed multimodally. Among the perspectives to be explored in research on multimodality, we can mention the study of conversational alignments. In the model proposed by Pickering and Garrod (2004, 2021), alignment is a psychological phenomenon concerning the mental representations of interlocutors, which is reflected in the articulation and often the repetition of communicative behaviours. While alignment was initially studied through the phenomenon of priming at different language levels (lexicon, morphosyntax, etc.), recently there has been an interest in multimodal communication, including gestures and facial mimicry (Cappellini, Holt and Hsu, 2022). By including the study of facial mimicry, a study of the smiles of interlocutors in the repair phase could highlight the importance of this facial expression in this interactional process. Another avenue of research would be to question the place of the smile in lexical research. Finally, it seems that we could also study the complexity of the interactional scheme of the YouTube platform (a video discourse to which written comments respond in asynchrony) and how vloggers anticipate possible interactional failures by resorting to a didactic discourse (Moirand, 1993) which calls on different multimodal elements.
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- 2023
40. New coffee varieties as a climate adaptation strategy: Empirical evidence from Costa Rica
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Goytom Abraha Kahsay, Nerea Turreira-García, Daniel Ortiz-Gonzalo, Frédéric Georget, and Aske Skovmand Bosselmann
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P40 - Météorologie et climatologie ,Hybride ,adaptation aux changements climatiques ,Coffea ,Amélioration des plantes ,F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes ,new variety [EN] ,Variété ,Choix des variétés - Abstract
Adapting to climate change in vulnerable coffee regions is crucial to maintain rural livelihoods. Among the solutions, coffee breeding strategies aim to produce coffee varieties with higher output performance than traditional varieties while reducing competition for land. This paper investigates the output performance of hybrid coffee (e.g., Starmaya and Centroamericano – H1), introgressed (e.g., Marsellesa and obatá) and traditional coffee (e.g., Caturra and Villa Sarchi) varieties. By using plot-level panel data among commercial farms in Costa Rica, we estimate the output performance of the three coffee varieties using pooled ordinary least squares and random effects models. We find that hybrid coffee varieties give 29-61% higher output than traditional coffee varieties. The results remain robust even after controlling for factor and climate inputs. Notwithstanding the larger productivity, hybrid coffee varieties demand more labor and inorganic fertilizers. While pesticide use may be reduced by hybrid's pest resistance, agroecological approaches for nutrient management are still needed to improve livelihoods and environmental outcomes. Headed towards longer-term studies, our paper presents the first evidence on the output performance of hybrid coffee varieties outside on-farm trials or experimental plots. These results suggest the potential of hybrid coffee varieties in promoting sustainable agriculture by improving the livelihood of coffee farmers, enhancing their adaptation against climate change and decreasing competition for land.
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- 2023
41. La représentation littéraire des animaux : des limites langagières aux possibilités poétiques chez Lamartine et Ponge
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Rocky Penate
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Ponge ,Lamartine ,représentation des animaux ,comparaison ,hybride ,French literature - Italian literature - Spanish literature - Portuguese literature ,PQ1-3999 - Abstract
En s’arrêtant à la représentation des animaux non humains dans les écrits d’Alphonse de Lamartine et de Francis Ponge, deux poètes dont la production littéraire couvre les deux derniers siècles et qui s’intéressent clairement aux vies animales, cet article cherche à mettre en relief les limites de la représentation littéraire des animaux. Comme dans la plupart des productions culturelles de l’Occident moderne, chez Lamartine et Ponge, les animaux sont généralement réduits au symbolique. Malgré la bonne volonté des poètes, la poésie n’échappe pas à l’anthropocentrisme. Or, plutôt que de signaler la faillite de la poésie en ce qui concerne la représentation des animaux, ces limites constituent un point d’accès à des réalités hybrides dont il faut encore rendre compte.
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- 2015
42. La peinture indigène contemporaine de l’Amazonie péruvienne : une représentation hybride du monde et du vivant
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Thibaut Cadiou
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Painting ,Peinture ,Hybride ,Knowledges ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Indigène ,Savoirs ,Amazon ,Hybrid ,Indigenous ,General Environmental Science ,Amazonie - Abstract
L’utilisation de la peinture sur toile permet aux artistes indigènes amazoniens de proposer un regard différent sur la nature, et par conséquent un rapport autre avec l’environnement, aux sociétés post-modernes où la crise écologique prend toujours davantage d’ampleur. Cette forme artistique, hybridation des figurations d’ontologies naturalistes et animistes, permet à des représentants de cette dernière de proposer leur système de connaissance à une société dominée par la première. Il s’agira de voir comment la rencontre d’éléments visuels et culturels propres à des sociétés aux épistémologies si distinctes conduit à un dialogue spirituel et ontologique entre les cultures indigènes amazoniennes et la culture hégémonique du Pérou. The Painting on Canvas allows indigenous artists from the Peruvian Amazon region to offer a different vision of Nature and, as a way of consequence, another way of interacting with the environment to the post-modern societies, where the magnitude of the ecological crisis keep increasing. This artistic expression, hybridization of figurations from the naturalist and the animistic ontologies, allows representatives of the later to share their systems of knowledge with a society dominated the former. This text pretends to show how the meeting of visual and cultural constituents from societies with very unalike epistemological systems leads to a spiritual and ontological dialog between indigenous cultures from the Amazon region and the hegemonical culture of the Peruvian country.
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- 2022
43. Cours hybride et pédagogie différenciée en classe de FLE multi-niveaux
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Pouzergues, Paul, David, Catherine, Gala, Núria, Laboratoire Parole et Langage (LPL), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Linguistics and Language ,[SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education ,[SCCO.LING]Cognitive science/Linguistics ,Language and Linguistics ,hybride ,Education ,approche par tâche ,French as a foreign language ,hétérogénéité-dispositif ,differentiated pedagogy ,hybrid course ,autonomie ,français langue étrangère ,heterogeneity ,autonomy ,pédagogie différenciée ,[SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,task-based approach - Abstract
International audience; This paper questions the relevance of a hybrid training to respond to the challenge of heterogeneity in an FFL class composed of 8 multilingual and multilevel doctoral students (A0-B2). We hypothesized that a differentiated pedagogical approach supported by a task-oriented autonomous hybrid system would allow to respond to the learners’ social, cognitive, and linguistic heterogeneity. To encourage their autonomy, the reorganization of multi-level didactic sequences is associated with metacognitive activities, which are themselves linked to social interactions with the teacher, between peers or with a community (social web). Our analysis focuses on the students’ appreciation of the multi-level class, the hybrid device and task-based pedagogy. Two corpora have been analyzed: the answers to two questionnaires proposed at the beginning and at the end of the training, and three interviews with learners at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of the course.; Cet article interroge la pertinence d’une formation hybride pour répondre au défi de l’hétérogénéité dans une classe de FLE composée de huit doctorants multilingues et multi-niveaux (A0-B2). Nous avons fait l’hypothèse qu’une démarche de pédagogie différenciée soutenue par un dispositif hybride autonomisant orienté vers un projet permettrait de répondre à l’hétérogénéité sociale, cognitive et linguistique des apprenants. Afin d’encourager l’autonomie des apprenants, la réorganisation de séquences didactiques multi-niveaux est associée à des activités métacognitives elles-mêmes reliées à des interactions sociales avec l’enseignant, entre pairs ou avec une communauté (web social). Notre analyse porte sur l’appréciation, par les étudiants, de la classe multi-niveaux, du dispositif hybride et de la pédagogie de projet. Elle croise deux corpus : les réponses à deux questionnaires proposés au début et à la fin de la session et trois entretiens conseils réalisés auprès des apprenants au début, au milieu et à la fin du cours.
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- 2022
44. OPHRYS x URRUCHIAE NOTHOSP. NOV. (O. APIFERA x O. SANTONICA), DESCRIPCIÓN DE UN NUEVO HÍBRIDO HALLADO EN ESPAÑA.
- Author
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FERNÁNDEZ, Carlos E. HERMOSILLA
- Abstract
Copyright of Flora Montibérica is the property of Flora Montiberica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
45. CTH144 flue-cured tobacco F1 hybrid.
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Amankwa, G.A., Mishra, S., Shearer, A.D., Saude, C., Van Hooren, D.L., and Richmond, M.D.
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TOBACCO mosaic virus ,MALE sterility in plants ,TOBACCO - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Plant Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Herstellung von thermoplastischen Faserverbund-Metall-Hybriden durch Press- und Schweißprozesse (Bachelorarbeit)
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Heckl, Maximilian
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Strukturen ,Fügetechnologie ,Hybride ,Aluminium ,Composite ,Luftfahrt ,CFK ,Schweissen ,Verbindungstechnik - Published
- 2022
47. Devenir hybride post traumatique
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Rouvarel, Maguelone and Perera, Éric
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prothèse ,corps amputé ,permanence de la posture ,physical and social reconfiguration for two subjects "amputated of hand" ,hybride ,greffe de main ,A permanent identity - Abstract
L’évolution de la médecine répond aux demandes de transformations corporelles en réparant, améliorant ou reconstruisant les corps. Les histoires de Léa et Denis, amputés, sont significatives de ces progrès. Car ils vivent l’expérience étrange de la perte d’un membre puis celle d’une transformation corporelle de reconstruction : une prothèse pour Léa et une greffe des mains pour Denis, le premier homme vivant « avec les mains d’un autre ». À partir d'une enquête de terrain réalisée en phase post opératoire, ce travail pose la question de l’évolution de leur parcours de réappropriation d’un segment de membre et de la modification de leur participation sociale en lien avec leur nouvel état de corps puis, dans un second temps, celle des transformations d’un corps reconstitué : un corps hybride cyborg ou de chair. Car, si l’a-corporation à ce nouveau prolongement visible participe de la création d’une néo-corporéité et d’une néo-socialisation, il est question de comprendre quelle est la permanence de cette posture au niveau fonctionnel et dans le temps. The evolution of medicine responds to the demands of current bodily transformations by repairing, improving or rebuilding bodies. The stories of Léa and Denis, amputees, are significant of this progress. Because, they live the strange experience of the loss of a limb and then of a bodily transformation of reconstruction: prothesis for Léa and hand transplant for Denis who is the first man to live "with the hands of another". Based on a field survey carried out in postoperative time, this work raises the question of the evolution of their journey of reappropriation of a limb segment and the modification of their social participation in connection with their new state of body then, in a second step, that of the transformations of a reconstituted body: a hybrid cyborg or flesh body. Because, if a-corporation to this new visible extension participates in the creation of a neo-corporeality and a neo-socialization, we seek to understand what is the permanence of this posture at the functional level as well as in time.
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- 2022
48. Brasetto hybrid winter rye.
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Wilde, P., Schmiedchen, B., Menzel, J., Gordillo, A., and Fowler, D. Brian
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WINTER rye ,GRAIN yields ,GRAIN proteins ,AGRICULTURAL productivity ,ERGOT - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Plant Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. LES HYBRIDES CHAMEAU-DROMADAIRE EN IRAN, ENTRE TECHNICITÉ ET ETHNICITÉ.
- Author
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DIGARD, Jean-Pierre
- Subjects
TURKS ,ZOOGEOGRAPHY ,STEPPES ,ETHNICITY ,IRANIANS - Abstract
Copyright of Ethnozootechnie is the property of Societe d Ethnozootechnie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
50. Comparison of extractive chemical signatures among branch, knot and bark wood fractions from forestry and agroforestry walnut trees (Juglans regia × J. nigra) by NIR spectroscopy and LC-MS analyses
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Heim, Lucie, Dodeler, Roxane, Brancheriau, Loïc, Marchal, Rémy, Boutahar, Nabila, Lotte, Sylvain, Dumarçay, Stéphane, Gérardin, Philippe, Candelier, Kévin, Heim, Lucie, Dodeler, Roxane, Brancheriau, Loïc, Marchal, Rémy, Boutahar, Nabila, Lotte, Sylvain, Dumarçay, Stéphane, Gérardin, Philippe, and Candelier, Kévin
- Abstract
Walnut agroforestry systems require regular tree pruning, generating a large volume of biomass residues which are mainly valorized as wood-energy, Ramial Chipped Wood (RCW) or animal litter. However, walnut is recognized as a rich source of different chemical compounds, which could be recovered as valuable chemicals. This study aims to improve the knowledge on the composition of the water and ethanol extractive contents of wood, knot and bark fractions from walnut branches, harvested in agroforestry (AF) and traditional forestry control (FC) systems. LC-MS analyses were carried out to identify the chemical composition of extracts. Additionally, all samples were analyzed by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy with the aim of developing a fast tool to distinguish walnut branches, knots and bark wood fractions from trees grown under agroforestry and plantation management. Extractive contents and chemical composition of AF and FC wood samples were slightly different among branch, knot and bark. Despite these small chemical differences, PLS-DA models based on NIRS measurements can distinguishing among wood samples from walnut trees grown under different silvicultural regimes. In addition, in the both forestry systems, branch and knot extractive contents were significantly lower than those of bark specimens. Principal Component Analyses (PCA) based on NIR-spectrometry of raw samples revealed that the chemical composition of branch and knot woods are similar to each other and are very different compared to those of bark samples. This study provides new knowledge on branch woods from agroforestry systems, which are still very under-studied at present.
- Published
- 2022
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