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Hunter-gatherer societies held sway in midwestern North America for at least 11,000 years. Those at the end of this period were more complex and less mobile, and they supported larger populations than those at the beginning, but there are relatively few general conceptions as to when and how this took place. Here we examine the fit of gradual, one-way social change as it relates to the size and shape of lithic supply zones for Upper Mercer and Flint Ridge flint as well as the inflow of exotic materials. Our results show no singular cline either in the size of successive lithic supply zones or in the inflow of exotic materials. Hunter-gatherer societies can make remarkable behavioral changes through time and not necessarily in any consistent (unilineal) direction. Such differences impose more contingency—and less directionality—into particular historical sequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wildlife hunting is essential to livelihoods and food security in many parts of the world, yet present rates of extraction may threaten ecosystems and human communities. Thus, governing sustainable wildlife use is a major social dilemma and conservation challenge. Commons scholarship is well positioned to contribute theoretical insights and analytic tools to better understand the interface of social and ecological dimensions of wildlife governance, yet the intersection of wildlife studies and commons scholarship is not well studied. We reviewed existing wildlife‐hunting scholarship, drawing on a database of 1,410 references, to examine the current overlap with commons scholarship through multiple methods, including social network analysis and deductive coding. We found that a very small proportion of wildlife scholarship incorporated commons theories and frameworks. The social network of wildlife scholarship was densely interconnected with several major publication clusters, whereas the wildlife commons scholarship was sparse and isolated. Despite the overarching gap between wildlife and commons scholarship, a few scholars are studying wildlife commons. The small body of scholarship that bridges these disconnected literatures provides valuable insights into the understudied relational dimensions of wildlife and other overlapping common‐pool resources. We suggest increased engagement among wildlife and commons scholars and practitioners to improve the state of knowledge and practice of wildlife governance across regions, particularly for bushmeat hunting in the tropics, which is presently understudied through a common‐pool resource lens. Our case study of the Republic of Congo showed how the historical context and interrelationships between hunting and forest rights are essential to understanding the current state of wildlife governance and potential for future interventions. A better understanding of the interconnections between wildlife and overlapping common‐pool resource systems may be key to understanding present wildlife governance challenges and advancing the common‐pool resource research agenda. Article impact statement: Wildlife hunting and commons scholarship are largely disconnected yet their mutual utility can help solve wildlife‐governance dilemmas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I argue that, contrary to what Tom Regan suggests, his rights view implies that subsistence hunting is wrong, that is, killing animals for food is wrong even when they are the only available food source, since doing so violates animal rights. We can see that subsistence hunting is wrong on the rights view by seeing why animal experimentation, specifically xenotransplanation, is wrong on the rights view: if it's wrong to kill an animal to take organs to save a human life, it's wrong to kill an animal to eat that animal to save a human life or improve human health. I discuss these arguments' implications for animal rights-based vegan advocacy, insofar as some people claim that they don't feel their best on vegan diets and so their eating meat is morally justified. I argue that such an attempt to justify consuming animal products fails on Regan's rights view, but discuss some attempts to morally excuse such violations of animals' rights. These attempts are inspired by Regan's attempts at potentially excusing animal rights advocates' using medications developed using animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social predators benefit from cooperation in the form of increased hunting success, but may be at higher risk of disease infection due to living in groups. Here, we use mathematical modeling to investigate the impact of disease transmission on the population dynamics benefits provided by group hunting. We consider a predator-prey model with foraging facilitation that can induce strong Allee effects in the predators. We extend this model by an infectious disease spreading horizontally and vertically in the predator population. The model is a system of three nonlinear differential equations. We analyze the equilibrium points and their stability as well as one- and two-parameter bifurcations. Our results show that weakly cooperating predators go unconditionally extinct for highly transmissible diseases. By contrast, if cooperation is strong enough, the social behavior mediates conditional predator persistence. The system is bistable, such that small predator populations are driven extinct by the disease or a lack of prey, and large predator populations survive because of their cooperation even though they would be doomed to extinction in the absence of group hunting. We identify a critical cooperation level that is needed to avoid the possibility of unconditional predator extinction. We also investigate how transmissibility and cooperation affect the stability of predator-prey dynamics. The introduction of parasites may be fatal for small populations of social predators that decline for other reasons. For invasive predators that cooperate strongly, biocontrol by releasing parasites alone may not be sufficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT We investigated how hunting participation and associated demographic variables relate to biodiversity knowledge among children. Past participation in hunting among elementary age children in North Carolina, USA, surveyed during 2014 was high (29%) and a positive predictor of student's ability to name native wildlife species after controlling for gender, ethnicity, and grade level. Minorities and girls had lower biodiversity knowledge scores and were less supportive of hunting. Our findings suggest children may view hunting differently than adults and that youth hunting programs, particularly those targeting very young children, may be fruitful ways to promote biodiversity knowledge. Such efforts, however, may be most valuable among minorities because Hispanic children had the lowest participation in hunting and Black children had both low participation rates and lowest biodiversity knowledge scores. © 2017 The Wildlife Society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay seeks to read Herbert Marcuse's One-Dimensional Man and Mark Fisher's Capitalist Realism together in the context of what Marcuse calls the "society without opposition." It seeks to extract a conception of hope as method from within these two otherwise rather bleak analyses. Their shared conception of hope is understood as the attempt to speak from a conception of capitalism as hell, and to continue to speak anyway. The essay concludes by defending a conception of hope that haunts rather than a hope that promises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on historical/Xam and recent Kalahari San (Bushmen) sources, the paper exam ines an aspect of San hunting that is underreported in the ethnography on these hunter-gatherers (ns opposed to other such peoples elsewhere in the world, specifically in the context of the New Animism paradigm): its relational and mystical -- i.e. myth-, spirit- and ritual-informed -- aspect. I show how myth and ritual express the animistic theme of human-animal identity blurring that is at the core of San cosmology, in different, mutually reinforcing ways, so that it becomes both an integrated, salient feature of San worldview -- something of a philosophical postulate -- and integral to and constitutive of experience. The latter includes the practice of hunting, the focus of this paper. Also examined are the reasons why in San studies the supererogatory aspect can be, and has been, overlooked by anthropologists and archaeologists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the depictions of the royal hunts of King Louis XV of France at the royal hunting park in Compiègne, France, focusing on the works of French artist Jean-Baptiste Oudry. Topics include improvements to the palace and grounds of the hunting park, the social aspects of hunting in France, the French court during the period, Paintings of maps of the Forest of Compiègne by Pierre-Denis Martin, and hunting tapestries attributed to Pierre Coeck and Bernard Van Orley.

This paper brings together zooarchaeological data from Neolithic to postmedieval sites in England to explore the plasticity of cultural attitudes to the consumption of wild animals. It shows how, through time, game has been considered variously as 'tabooed' and 'edible', each having implications for patterns of biodiversity and wildlife management. The essential points being made are that deeper-time studies can reveal how human perceptions of 'surplus foods' have the potential to both create and remedy problems of environmental sustainability and food security. Perhaps more significantly, this paper argues that understanding the bio-cultural past of edible wild animal species has the potential to transform human attitudes to game in the present. This is important at a time when food security and the production of surplus are pressing national and global concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a report from a May 26-29, 2016 conference on the historic lifestyles of Bavarian nobility hosted by the Bavarian and Franconian history department and the regional research department at the Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg university as well as the Hanns-Seidel-Stiftung endowment. Topics of presentations delivered include the book "Die Wittelsbacher. Ein Jahrtausend in Bildern" by prince Luitpold von Bayern on the Wittelsbach family, the history of marriage and adoption among nobility, and the social function of hunting at princely courts.

After decades of civil war, the archdukes Albert and Isabella drew on the princely hunt to consolidate their regime in the Habsburg Netherlands. In essence a performance of dominion, the hunt served to enact their exalted birth and the return to peace and order. Attempts to unify the hunting laws of their possessions were, however, frustrated by provincial liberties. As a result the archducal hunt had to derive its prestige from where it was held, rather than from the species that were hunted. Appropriating the cult of Saint Hubertus and patronizing artistic representations further enhanced the prestige of these locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The memoirs of Louis de Rouvroy, Duc de Saint-Simon (1675-1755), are among the most studied sources on French court life under King Louis XIV. Historians have, however, largely overlooked the presence of animals in the „Mémoires“. Based on the empirical example of Saint-Simon’s account, the article aims at broadening our understanding ofthe early modern „court society“ (Norbert Elias) as a social figuration of interacting animate beings. While equine competences had had a decisive role in the courtly career of Saint-Simon’s father, the author of the memoirs confined himself largely to the role of an observer who documented the interactions at court that involved animals. In the duke’s critical view, the hunting practices of the king stood for his arbitrary, luxurious system of power, whereas the exchange of animal gifts between members of the court elite revealed patronage ties. Furthermore, Saint-Simons’ detailed descriptions of characters compared other courtiers with cats, monkeys, or snipes, invoking such imagery to allude to their behaviour or alleged physiognomic similarities. The zoomorphization of court life in the memoirs is a reflection of a world view according to which an animal side was inherent to the nature of all men – even the „man of the court“. Simultaneously, however, it also chronicles the co-presence of thousands of living animals of various species in and around the Château de Versailles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hunting is an integral part of North American cultures, providing a powerful connection to the outdoors for millions of people and generating billions of dollars to local and national economies. Socially, hunting has been part of hominid cultures since very early in the fossil record; a tradition that contemporary North American hunters tend to pass down to subsequent generations through family and community networks. The 13.7 million American hunters and 2.1 million Canadian nature-recreationists spend more than $38.3 billion and $1.8 billion, respectively, on non-commercial hunting-related expenses each year. Hunting activities also yield hundreds of thousands of jobs and billions of dollars in tax and other revenues in both countries. The contributions of hunters serve as the fundamental foundation for a social and economic support system for conserving wildlife and habitats for future generations. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Clovis groups in Late Pleistocene North America occasionally hunted several now extinct large mammals. But whether their hunting drove 37 genera of animals to extinction has been disputed, largely for want of kill sites. Overkill proponents argue that there is more archaeological evidence than we ought to expect, that humans had the wherewithal to decimate what may have been millions of animals, and that the appearance of humans and the disappearance of the fauna is too striking to be a mere coincidence. Yet, there is less to these claims than meets the eye. Moreover, extinctions took place amid sweeping climatic and environmental changes as the Pleistocene came to an end. It has long been difficult to link those changes to mammalian extinctions, but the advent of ancient DNA, coupled with high-resolution paleoecological, radiocarbon, and archeological records, should help disentangle the relative role of changing climates and people in mammalian extinctions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hunting is suggested as a major threat to Indian wildlife, especially in the northeastern states. In Nagaland hunting has a traditional and cultural significance, which should be taken into consideration by conservation efforts. Limited information is available on this issue, and in order to establish a baseline for efforts aimed at education and implementation of conservation programmes, in this study we investigated various aspects of hunting practices in Chizami Village, Nagaland. Our study involved general voting by 868 people and detailed interviews of 80 hunters, and explores the demography of hunters, hunting areas, hunting preference for season and animals, methods of hunting, reasons for hunting and willingness to cease hunting. Our results indicate that education could be an important primer for initiating biological conservation efforts in Chizami and other areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article challenges the tendency, both academic and popular, to assign empathy the status of a virtue. The widespread inclination to associate empathy with the morally and socially "good"--with compassion, understanding, cultural bonding, and non-violent sociality--ignores what we propose to call the "dark side of empathy": that is, the multiple ways in which empathy is routinely deployed to manipulate, seduce, deceive, and dehumanize others by means of vicariousness. Two diverse ethnographic cases, of hunting in Siberia and political violence in Indonesia, provide the empirical background for a discussion of the complex relationship of empathy to mimesis, deception, violence, and sociality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unlike other primate males, men invest substantial effort in producing food that is consumed by others. The Hunting Hypothesis proposes this pattern evolved in early Homo when ancestral mothers began relying on their mates' hunting to provision dependent offspring. Evidence for this idea comes from hunter-gatherer ethnography, but data we collected in the 1980s among East African Hadza do not support it. There, men targeted big game to the near exclusion of other prey even though they were rarely successful and most of the meat went to others, at significant opportunity cost to their own families. Based on Hadza data collected more recently, Wood and Marlowe contest our position, affirming the standard view of men's foraging as family provisioning. Here we compare the two studies, identify similarities, and show that emphasis on big game results in collective benefits that would not be supplied if men foraged mainly to provision their own households. Male status competition remains a likely explanation for Hadza focus on big game, with implications for hypotheses about the deeper past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We develop an agent-based model of foraging behavior based on ecological parameters of the environment and prey characteristics measured in the Mbaracayu Reserve Paraguay. We then compare estimated foraging behavior from our model to the ethnographically observed behavior of Ache hunter-gatherers who inhabit the region and show a close match for daily harvest rates, time allocation, and species composition of prey. The model allows us to explore the implications of social living, cooperative hunting, variation in group size and mobility, under Ache-like ecological conditions. Simulations show that social living decreases daily risk of no food, but cooperative hunting has only a modest effect on mean harvest rates. Analysis demonstrates that bands should contain 7-8 hunters who move nearly every day in order to achieve the best combination of average harvest rates and low probability of no meat in camp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on wildlife poaching in Russia, that threatens the maintenance of biodiversity in the country. Topics discussed include the efforts of the government to protect endangered species by the management of game species, opposition by rank-and-file hunters to the hunting regulations adopted by the Russian government in 2012 and violations by VIP hunters in the country.

The introduction and enforcement of Game legislation in the Cape Colony during the latter part of the 19thcentury complemented existing local efforts aimed at the preservation of wild animals for sporting purposes on private land. This article explores the successful initiatives that were to ensure the survival, and even increase, of kudu in the Albany and Fort Beaufort magisterial districts during the period 1890 to 1905. An analysis of surviving applications for permits to shoot kudu, which were classified as royal game, reveals the identity and connections of those who enjoyed the privilege of hunting kudu for sport and explains how kudu hunting in these districts came to be the preserve of a small elite of (mostly English speaking) landowners and their associates. These developments provided a foundation for the later establishment of both public game reserves and private commercial tourism and sports hunting industries in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of Revista Espanola de Antropologia Americana is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents the theoretical basis and first results of an agent-based model (ABM) computer simulation that is being developed to explore cooperation in hunter-gatherer societies. Specifically, we focus here on Yamana, a hunter-fisher-gatherer society that inhabited the islands of the southernmost part of Tierra del Fuego (Argentina-Chile). Ethnographical and archaeological evidence suggests the existence of sporadic aggregation events, triggered by a public call through smoke signals of an extraordinary confluence of resources under unforeseeable circumstances in time and space (a beached whale or an exceptional accumulation of fish after a low tide, for example). During these aggregation events, the different social units involved used to develop and improve production, distribution and consumption processes in a collective way. This paper attempts to analyse the social dynamics that explain cooperative behaviour and resource-sharing during aggregation events using an agent-based model of indirect reciprocity. In brief, agents make their decisions based on the success of the public strategies of other agents. Fitness depends on the resource captured and the social capital exchanged in aggregation events, modified by the agent's reputation. Our computational results identify the relative importance of resources with respect to social benefits and the ease in detecting-and hence punishing-a defector as key factors to promote and sustain cooperative behaviour among population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the use of mobilizing discourses about national identity by nonnationalist movements through an examination of the antihunting movement and the prohunting countermovement. It demonstrates the utility of applying a strong cultural sociological approach to the study of social movements and to discourse about national identity. I describe how both sides invoke ideas of the nation through analysis of parliamentary debates, submissions to the Burns Inquiry on hunting, and the Icons project on English identity. Though national identity provides a discursive resource for social movements, its utility is limited by the need to resonate with cultural background representations. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Early twentieth-century American outdoor magazines promoted sport hunting as recreation characterized by class, rather than gender. Women hunters were not harbingers of gender equality and their femininity" gave hunting a genteel legitimacy. During the mid twentieth century, sporting publications reflected a growing ambivalence of the hunting community toward women hunters, as hunting became increasingly viewed as a homosocial ritual tied to idea/s of manhood and patriotism. Women's voices virtually disappeared from main- stream outdoor literature. When the modern sport of bow hunting emerged as an alternative to firearms hunting in the 1920s, advocates again relied upon the femininity of women bow hunters to lend their new recreation legitimacy and gain public acceptance at a time when the public, and even firearms hunt- ers, considered it to be a cruel and unsportsman like pastime. Women became allies in the promotion of the controversial new sport and, unlike the broader hunting community that came to marginalize women's hunting experiences, bow hunting journals portrayed their recreation as fundamentally distinct from firearms hunting, welcomed women as hunting equals, and celebrated their hunting successes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The idea of wilderness is fundamental to the North American conservation ethic. Wilderness protection and the North American Model of Wildlife Conservation arose in the same era from a common concern for the future aesthetic of the continent. These movements shared many of the same proponents within the community of hunters who leveraged significant influence on one another and the larger, non-hunting public. Their accomplishments, like the National Park System, the wildlife refuge system, the National Forest system and the National Wilderness system itself rank among the main achievements of conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The hunter-conservationist movement of Canada and the USA arose in the latter decades of the nineteenth century. Many complex forces influenced its emergence as one of the great North American inventions: citizen activism for nature based principally upon sustainable use and vested interest – theNorth American Model of Conservation. Although unrestrained slaughter by commercial hunters had endangered North America’s wildlife legacy, regulated hunting became the origin of the world’s longest standing continental movement for wildlife protection, use and enhancement. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The essay analyzes the social networks of Hungarian political elites during the country's socialist era from 1945 to 1989, focusing on power dynamics through a study of relationships developed based on hunting trips and activities. The authors link the decline of the socialist system to the activity of the Egyetértés hunting association for political elites, and special attention is paid to the implications of the association's hierarchical rules for political and social status.

This article discusses the relationship that existed between the urban life and responsibilities of Roman aristocrats and the way in which they were expected to conform to ideals of aristocratic behavior while away from those pursuits. Hunting as an activity of the aristocratic class while vacationing in private villas in the rural areas surrounding Rome is specifically examined in this context. It is compared with other leisure activities of the Roman elites such as baths, reading, and literature.

Ivan the Terrible loved hunting but between 1548 and 1564 he seems not to have indulged his favorite pastime. An anonymous English account written 1556-1558 says that Ivan had given hunting up for religious reasons. Three Russian texts written between 1550 and 1563, an entry in the Nikon Chronicle for 1556-1557 which praises Ivan for abstaining from hunting to become a true pastor of his flock, the Domostroi, a book of household management, and two vitae in the Stepennaia kniga tsarskogo rodosloviia (Book of Degrees of Imperial Genealogy), contain diatribes against the cruelty and immorality of hunting. These texts echo a minority anti-hunting tradition in medieval and early modern Europe. As in Europe hunting continued unabated, but in Muscovy it is possible that the anti-hunting animus of these texts inspired at least one temporary convert, Ivan the Terrible himself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hildebrandt et al. offer this rather vitriolic challenge to our conclusions on the Diablo Canyon fauna in order to recast the data in favor of their view that major diachronic trends in western North American prehistory are the product of an increase in men's prestige hunting over time. Here we respond, first by discussing our view of the relationship between historical contingencies and behavioral ecological models, second by showing that the patterns they find in a regional faunal dataset result only from inappropriate aggregation of bone counts, third by questioning the potential prestige value of highly vulnerable species, and finally by making the case that standard behavioral ecological models, punctuated by historical contingencies, provide more parsimonious, albeit less fanciful, explanations for patterning in the western North American faunal record. We conclude by suggesting that when practitioners attempt to explain away empirical variability in order to support a favored hypothesis, it might be time to acknowledge that the hypothesis has failed to take flight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The challenge of developing environmental outcomes acceptable to stakeholders with different values is well documented. Discourse analysis provides insights into how the views of different stakeholders affect decision making. We studied the discourses of key actors associated with the implementation of a Turtle and Dugong Hunting Management Plan developed by Hope Vale Aboriginal community in the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area, Australia. The discourses of the environmental managers and community members were very different. Hope Vale people prioritized cultural well-being; the staff of management agencies prioritized biodiversity outcomes. These differences precluded effective outcomes despite considerable investment in hunting management over more than 20 years by both groups. Understanding the discursive terrain within environmental management domains can inform environmental decision making and the implementation of agreed management arrangements, enabling biodiversity objectives and Indigenous cultural aspirations to be met in a socially just, economically viable, and environmentally sustainable way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bushmeat is an important component of the informal economy throughout West and Central Africa. In order to formulate effective policy to ensure the sustainability of bushmeat hunting for both development and conservation reasons, there is a need to understand its position within the wider rural economy. We conducted interviews with households and hunters over a 15-month period in a village in continental Equatorial Guinea which supplies substantial quantities of bushmeat to the urban market, to evaluate (1) whether hunting is predominately for income or consumption and through choice or necessity, and (2) the factors influencing household production of and consumption and expenditure on bushmeat. Hunting for trade to urban markets is a major component of household incomes, carried out by around 60% of poor-to-middle income households, while richer households have other income-generating activities. The greater a hunter’s bushmeat offtake, the higher the proportion sold. Bushmeat forms a minor component of household expenditure and is less widely consumed than alternative protein sources. It is a necessity good, with consumption and expenditure on bushmeat related less than proportionately to income. While they prefer the security of a regular wage, hunting is an important source of fall-back income for men in the absence of preferable alternative livelihood opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Oceanography is the property of Instituto Oceanografico da Universidade de Sao Paulo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The high incidence of hunting activity and forest fires in different ecosystems (particularly in Mediterranean ecosystems) requires a model, which allows for the comprehensive management of hunting resources and estimating the potential damage caused by this type of disturbance. This paper proposes a model for evaluating the socio-economic effects of forest fires on hunting. Its cornerstone lies in evaluating hunting resource availability for each ecosystem within its territorial mosaic. Each game management unit (GMU) is identified by vegetation structure and habitat type. It presents a novel approach in which the economic value of each game management unit is linked to potential forest fire damages. The effect a forest fire has on an entire ecosystem depends on the intensity of its flames. A sample study was undertaken in the province of Huelva in Andalusia (southern Spain). The socio-economic hunting vulnerability of the province of Huelva was 45,188,000€. The results obtained confirmed the need for an economic appraisal of non-forest products in the forest and other woodland areas. Geographic Information System increases the flexibility and simplicity of our methodology which permits immediate extrapolation to other agroforestry territories. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Numerous articles examine the relationship between men's hunting skill and other important biological and social traits. We analyzed more than 14,000 hunter days during 27 years of monitoring the Ache of Paraguay by using resampling methods to demonstrate that large sample sizes are generally required in order to distinguish individual men by hunting skill. A small published study on !Kung hunters shows that large-game hunters are even more difficult to distinguish by individual skill level. This is a serious problem because regressions using noisy hunting data as the independent variable systematically underestimate the association of hunting ability with other biosocial traits. The analysis suggests that some coresidents in many small-scale societies will be unable to accurately distinguish hunters by skill level, possibly favoring groupwide meat-sharing conventions and biased cultural transmission that emphasizes prestige rather than perceived hunting skill. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Études Inuit Studies is the property of Centre interuniversitaire d'etudes et de recherches autochtones (CIERA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Various misunderstandings and conflicts associated with attempts to integrate Indigenous Knowledges (IK) into development and conservation agendas have been analyzed from both political economy and political ecology frameworks. With their own particular inflections, and in addition to their focus on issues of power, both frameworks tend to see what occurs in these settings as involving different epistemologies, meaning that misunderstandings and conflicts occur between different and complexly interested perspectives on, or ways of knowing, the world. Analyzing the conflicts surrounding the creation of a hunting program that enrolled the participation of the Yshiro people of Paraguay, in this article I develop a different kind of analysis, one inspired by an emerging framework that I tentatively call “political ontology.” I argue that, from this perspective, these kinds of conflicts emerge as being about the continuous enactment, stabilization, and protection of different and asymmetrically connected ontologies. [Keywords: political ontology, multinaturalism, multiculturalism, Paraguay, Indigenous peoples] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the social and cultural significance of subsistence game hunting among mountain villagers on Seram, an island of eastern Indonesia. Game animals (specifically the cuscus or Australasian possum, Celebes wild boar, and Timor deer) are discussed as a crucial source of protein for the mountain people of Seram. The cultural practice of sharing meat with close relatives and fellow villagers, and the attendant "ethics of sharing," is discussed as an important social value and part of the villagers' collective identity.

The article presents a literary criticism of the book "The Still-Hunter," by Theodore Strong Van Dyke. It explores how the book captures the cultural meaning of hunting at the turn of the twentieth century in the United States. It examines the language that is used to describe hunting and hunters and explores how hunting was seen as a form of manliness.

An essay is presented on the book "The Man-Eating Leopard of Rudraprayag" by Jim Corbett reflects concepts of masculinity, imperialism and nature. He suggests that the book symbolizes Corbett's quest to establish his identity in relation to India during its rule by Great Britain. The book also focuses on the decline in wildlife in India and how the presence of humans affected the behavior of leopards. The author comments that hunting served as a representation of masculinity and social status in Great Britain.